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Liu X, Liu H, Wu X, Zhao Z, Wang S, Wang H, Qin X. Xiaoyaosan against depression through suppressing LPS mediated TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118683. [PMID: 39121928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Depression impairs not only central nervous system, but also peripheral systems of the host. Gut microbiota have been proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) has a history of over a thousand years in China for treating depression, dramatically alleviating anxiety, cognitive disorders, and especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Yet, it still just scratches the surface of the anti-depression mechanisms of XYS. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of actions of XYS from the perspective of "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We firstly evaluated the effects of XYS on the macroscopic behaviors of depressed rats that induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Secondly, the effects of XYS on intestinal homeostasis of depressed rats were revealed by using dysbacteriosis model. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms were demonstrated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology and molecular biology methods. Finally, correlation analysis and visualization of the anti-depression effects of XYS were performed from the "microbiota - gut - brain" perspective. RESULTS Our data indicated that XYS ameliorated the depression-like symptoms of CUMS rats, partly depending on the presence of gut microbiota. Furthermore, we illustrated that XYS reversed CUMS-induced gut dysbiosis of depressed rats in terms of decreasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundances of Bacteroides, and Corynebacterium, while increasing the abundances of Lactobacillus and Adlercreutzia. The significant enrichment of Bacteroides and the level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) suggested that depression damaged the immune responses and gut barrier. Mechanistically, XYS significantly down-regulated the expression levels of factors that involved in TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in the colon and brain tissues of depressed rats. In addition, XYS significantly increased the levels of claudin 1 and ZO-1, showing that XYS positively maintained the integrity of gut and blood-brain barriers (BBB). CONCLUSION Our study offers insights into the anti-depression effects of XYS through a lens of "microbiota-TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway-barriers", providing a foundation for enhancing clinical efficiency and enriching drug selection, and contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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Yang T, Zhou Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Liu B, Sun L, Shi F, Yuan Y, Zhang G. Effects of remimazolam tosilate on gastrointestinal hormones and gastrointestinal motility in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation: a randomized control trial. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:635-641. [PMID: 38538569 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impacts of remimazolam tosilate on gastrointestinal hormones and motility in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation. METHODS A total of 262 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I or II patients, aged 18-65 years, scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 131 each): the remimazolam tosilate group (Group R) and the propofol group (Group P). Patients in Group R received 0.2-0.25 mg/Kg remimazolam tosilate intravenously, while those in Group P received 1.5-2.0 mg/kg propofol intravenously. The gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed when the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores were ≤3. The primary endpoints included the endoscopic intestinal peristalsis rating by the endoscopist; serum motilin and gastrin levels at fasting without gastrointestinal preparation (T0), before gastrointestinal endoscopy (T1), and before leaving the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (T2); and the incidences of abdominal distension during Post Anesthesia Care Unit. RESULTS Compared with Group P, intestinal peristalsis rating was higher in Group R (P < .001); Group R showed increased motilin and gastrin levels at T2 compared with Group P (P < .01). There was a rise in motilin and gastrin levels at T1 and T2 compared with T0 and at T2 compared with T1 in both groups (P < .01). The incidence of abdominal distension was lower in Group R (P < .05). CONCLUSION Compared with propofol used during gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, remimazolam tosilate mildly inhibits the serum motilin and gastrin levels, potentially facilitating the recovery of gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinji Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
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Sun H, Feng Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Ning F, She Z, Yun L, Meng M. Gastroprotective effects of polysaccharides from purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via regulating immunity and activating the PI3K/Akt/Rheb/mTOR pathway. Food Funct 2024; 15:6408-6423. [PMID: 38726829 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the alleviation of an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice by apolysaccharide (PSP) from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and explore the mechanism. The anti-ulcer activity was determined by histopathological evaluation, total gastric acidity, pepsin activity, gastric ulcer index and gastric ulcer inhibition rate. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. A special protein meter was used to detect the content of immunoglobulin lgM, immunoglobulin lgG, and complements C3 and C4 in the serum of mice. The expression of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subsets of mice was detected using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effect of PSP on the PI3K/Akt/Rheb/mTOR pathway. The results showed that PSP could effectively reduce the total gastric acidity, pepsin activity, and the index and inhibition rate of gastric ulcers. At the same time, PSP could significantly increase the levels of immunoglobulins (lgG and lgM) and complements (C3 and C4). It could also increase the activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice and the expression of CD4+/CD8+ in the spleen. ELISA analysis showed that the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased and the content of IL-10 was significantly increased in the PSP group. The western blot analysis showed that PSP could upregulate the relative protein expressions of MUC5AC, PI3K, p-Akt, Rheb and mTOR. These results indicate that PSP can activate the PI3K/Akt/Rheb/mTOR signaling pathway to improve the immunity of mice and maintain the balance of the immune system, thereby protecting the gastric mucosa and improving stress gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yinyin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Junhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Fang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ziyi She
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Liyuan Yun
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Liu B, Zhang Z, Liu X, Hu W, Wu W. Gastrointestinal Fermentable Polysaccharide Is Beneficial in Alleviating Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4364. [PMID: 37892439 PMCID: PMC10610129 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of gastrointestinal (GI) polysaccharide fermentation in alleviating constipation, two polysaccharide fractions were isolated from a soluble fiber extract with determined anti-constipation activity: a 2.04 kDa neutral fraction (SSP-1) contained 99.29% glucose, and a 41.66 kDa acidic fraction (SSP-2) contained 63.85% uronic acid. After mice were given loperamide for 14 d to induce constipation, the GI transit rate increased significantly in the SSP-1 group (p < 0.05) but not in the SSP-2 group. The stool weight in the SSP-2 group was significantly higher than that in SSP-1 (383.60 mg vs. 226.23 mg) (p < 0.05). Both SSP-1 and SSP-2 groups had significantly increased serum gastrin and motilin levels (p < 0.05) and changes in their fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, while SSP-1 showed better fermentation properties than SSP-2 in terms of statistically higher fecal contents of acetic acid and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that SSP-1 upregulated bacteria such as Oscillibacter to improve SCFA metabolism and stimulate GI hormone secretion, while SSP-2 had less influence on the gut microbiota. These results suggest that the neutral polysaccharide with superior GI fermentation properties exerted beneficial effects on constipation, while the less fermentable pectic fraction might act as a stool-bulking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyu Liu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Xingquan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
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da Silva FJS, de Lima Júnior DM, de Almeida VVS, Oliveira AC, Fernandes BDO, Souza AP, de Carvalho FFR, de Medeiros AN. Coconut fruit pulp by-product in the diet of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:379. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Wang Z, Reid AMA, Wilson PW, Dunn IC. Identification of the Core Promoter and Variants Regulating Chicken CCKAR Expression. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1083. [PMID: 35741846 PMCID: PMC9222909 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of chicken cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) attenuates satiety, which contributes to increased food intake and growth for modern broilers. The study aims to define the core promoter of CCKAR, and to identify variants associated with expression activity. A 21 kb region around the CCKAR was re-sequenced to detect sequence variants. A series of 5'-deleted promoter plasmids were constructed to define the core promoter of CCKAR. The effects of sequence variants located in promoter (PSNP) and conserved (CSNP) regions on promoter activity were analyzed by comparing luciferase activity between haplotypes. A total of 182 variants were found in the 21 kb region. There were no large structural variants around CCKAR. pNL-328/+183, the one with the shortest insertion, showed the highest activity among the six promoter constructs, implying that the key cis elements regulating CCKAR expression are mainly distributed 328 bp upstream. We detected significant activity differences between high- and low-growth associated haplotypes in four of the six promoter constructs. The high-growth haplotypes of constructs pNL-1646/+183, pNL-799/+183 and pNL-528/+183 showed lower activities than the low-growth haplotypes, which is consistent with decreased expression of CCKAR in high-growth chickens. Lower expression of the high-growth allele was also detected for the CSNP5-containing construct. The data suggest that the core promoter of CCKAR is located the 328 bp region upstream from the transcription start site. Lower expression activities shown by the high-growth haplotypes in the reporter assay suggest that CSNP5 and variants located between 328 bp and 1646 bp upstream form a promising molecular basis for decreased expression of CCKAR and increased growth in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (A.M.A.R.); (P.W.W.); (I.C.D.)
| | - Angus M. A. Reid
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (A.M.A.R.); (P.W.W.); (I.C.D.)
| | - Peter W. Wilson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (A.M.A.R.); (P.W.W.); (I.C.D.)
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (A.M.A.R.); (P.W.W.); (I.C.D.)
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Jiao Y, Wilson PW, Reid AMA, Dunn IC. The expression of the gastrin/cholecystokinin (GAST/CCK) family and their receptors (CCKAR/CCKBR) in the chicken changes in response to quantitative restriction and reveals a functional role of CCK in the crop. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 321-322:114024. [PMID: 35292263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides bind a common G-protein coupled receptor, cholecystokinin receptor B (CCKBR) whilst cholecystokinin receptor A (CCKAR) is preferentially bound by CCK. Gastrin and cholecystokinin mediate signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to regulate appetite and digestive function. In this study, expression of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family and distribution of their receptors expression was measured to understand the target organs for the peptides and how expression responds to changes in food intake. We confirmed the restricted expression of gastrin in the antrum and the abundant expression of cholecystokinin in the hypothalamus. The expression of gastrin in the antrum was significantly elevated in broiler breeders when released from feed restriction. CCKBR was most abundant in the hypothalamus and proventriculus. CCKAR was most abundant in the pancreas and crop, more than tenfold greater than the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin expression in the pancreas increased after removal of food restriction. CCKAR in the gastrointestinal tract peaks around the distal ileum, distal to the peak of cholecystokinin expression. There was virtually no cholecystokinin expression in the caecum but CCKAR expression was high. The CCKAR expression in the crop was unexpected, supporting a role of cholecystokinin in mediating crop emptying which was supported by the observation of in-vitro contraction after cholecystokinin administration. The response to changes in food intake and the expression pattern of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family and their receptors will stimulate and inform new hypotheses on their role in growth in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jiao
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Peter W Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Angus M A Reid
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Ian C Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
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Wang C, Chen C, Wang J, Guo X, Deng YC, Liu L, Zhao C. Delayed gastric emptying in nondiabetic patients with end-stage kidney disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44:329-335. [PMID: 35188060 PMCID: PMC8865106 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the gastric emptying capacity in nondiabetic patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) by ultrasound. Methods Consecutive hemodialysis patients with ESKD (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 37) were enrolled. All ESKD patients underwent ultrasound examinations on the day of hemodialysis (dialysis day) and the day after hemodialysis (nondialysis day). Standard ultrasound examinations were performed after overnight fasting, immediately after a light meal, and at 6 h after a meal. The antral cross-sectional area and gastric emptying according to the Perlas grading system were evaluated. Results Compared with the controls, patients with ESKD, on both dialysis and non-dialysis days, had significantly larger antral areas when examined in the supine position (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), but not in the right lateral decubitus position (p = 0.452 and p = 0.512, respectively). In the supine position, the antral area of ESKD patients before dialysis (8 a.m. on the dialysis day) was larger than that at the same time on the nondialysis day (p = 0.028). The controls had a Perlas grade of either 0 or 1 at 6 h after a meal, whereas five patients (13.5%) and 11 patients (29.7%) in the ESKD group had Perlas grade 2 on the dialysis and non-dialysis days, respectively. Among patients with or without delayed gastric emptying, no differences were detected in the dialysis duration or levels of biochemical markers, except blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.038) and serum creatinine (p = 0.003). Conclusion Nondiabetic patients with ESKD had significantly delayed gastric emptying. Hemodialysis might improve gastric emptying and reduce gastric emptying delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuechan. C. Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Cui T, Wang J, Hu Z, Chen X. Expression of gastrin and cholecystokinin B receptor in Lateolabrax maculatus. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhou W. Research Note: Fine mapping of sequence variants associated with body weight of Lueyang black-boned chicken in the CCKAR gene. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101448. [PMID: 34601445 PMCID: PMC8496170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) is a key receptor mediating satiety. Previous studies found that decreased expression of CCKAR attenuated satiety, and thus contributed to the high-growth of broiler chickens. The objective of this study is to map sequence variants associated with the growth of chickens in the CCKAR. The CCKAR and upstream 1.4 kb genomic sequences were resequenced to find out all sequence variants using 35 Lueyang black-boned chickens (LBC). Haplotypes were reconstructed using the PHASE program. Linkage disequilibrium between variants was analyzed using the Haploview software. Associations of 33 tag SNPs that captured 89% of all variants with body weight of LBC (n = 675) at 16 (BW16), 20 (BW20) weeks of age and the onset (BWOEP) of egg production were tested using linear mixed models. A total of 126 SNPs were found and formed 41 haplotypes in 35 resequenced samples. Average length of haplotype blocks is 129 bp, indicating that LBC maintains low linkage disequilibrium at the CCKAR locus. Eleven of 33 tag SNPs were significantly associated with BW16, but not with BW20 and BWOEP. These significantly associated variants were most (8/11) distributed in a 2 kb region (chr4:73206169-73208244) around the Exon3. They together with 33 captured variants potentially disrupted binding sites of 471 transcription factors. Twelve variants can disrupt appetite (FOXO1) or lipid metabolism-related TF (AR and C/EBP) motifs. This study recognized chr4:73206169-73208244 as a key region harboring functional variants affecting the growth of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Fu J, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Tong L, Yue R, Cai L. Gastrin exerts a protective effect against myocardial infarction via promoting angiogenesis. Mol Med 2021; 27:90. [PMID: 34412590 PMCID: PMC8375043 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that increased gastrin concentration is negatively correlated with cardiovascular mortality, and plasma gastrin levels are increased in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether gastrin can play a protective role in MI remains unknown. Methods Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and subcutaneous infusion of gastrin (120 μg/Kg body weight/day, 100 μL in the pump) for 28 days after MI. Plasma gastrin concentrations were measured through an ELISA detection kit. Mice were analyzed by echocardiography after surgery. CD31 and VEGF expression were quantified using immunofluorescence staining or/and western blot to assess the angiogenesis in peri-infarct myocardium. Capillary-like tube formation and cell migration assays were performed to detect gastrin-induced angiogenesis. Results We found that gastrin administration significantly ameliorated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced fibrosis at 28 days in post-MI hearts. Additionally, gastrin treatment significantly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased angiogenesis in the infarct border zone without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro results revealed that gastrin up-regulated the PI3K/Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway and promoted migration and tube formation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) mediated the protective effect of gastrin since the CCK2R blocker CI988 attenuated the gastrin-mediated angiogenesis and cardiac function protection. Conclusion Our data revealed that gastrin promoted angiogenesis and improved cardiac function in post-MI mice, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjuan Tang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchuan Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Słocińska M, Chowański S, Marciniak P. Identification of sulfakinin receptors (SKR) in Tenebrio molitor beetle and the influence of sulfakinins on carbohydrates metabolism. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:669-679. [PMID: 32749519 PMCID: PMC7441086 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfakinins (SKs) are pleiotropic neuropeptides commonly found in insects, structurally and functionally homologous to the mammalian gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) neuropeptides. SKs together with sulfakinin receptors (SKRs) are involved in sulfakinin signaling responsible for variety of biological functions, including food intake or fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we determined the distribution of SKRs in Tenebrio molitor larvae and characterized the impact of nonsulfated and sulfated SKs on carbohydrates and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) level in beetle hemolymph. Our results indicate the presence of both sulfakinin receptors, SKR1 and SKR2, in the nervous system of T. molitor. The distribution of SKR2 in peripheral tissues was more widespread than SKR1, and their transcripts have been found in fat body, gut and hemolymph. This is also the first evidence for SKRs presence in insect hemocytes indicating immunotropic activity of SKs. Moreover, in the present study, we have demonstrated that SKs regulate ILPs and carbohydrates level in insect hemolymph, and that sulfation is not crucial for peptides activity. Our study confirms the role of SKs in maintaining energy homeostasis in beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - S Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Ceppa FA, Izzo L, Sardelli L, Raimondi I, Tunesi M, Albani D, Giordano C. Human Gut-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Current Engineered Tools for Its Modeling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:297. [PMID: 32733812 PMCID: PMC7358350 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady increase in life-expectancy of world population, coupled to many genetic and environmental factors (for instance, pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental neurotoxins), predispose to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, whose prevalence is expected to increase dramatically in the next years. Recent studies have proposed links between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Human body is a complex structure where bacterial and human cells are almost equal in numbers, and most microbes are metabolically active in the gut, where they potentially influence other target organs, including the brain. The role of gut microbiota in the development and pathophysiology of the human brain is an area of growing interest for the scientific community. Several microbial-derived neurochemicals involved in the gut-microbiota-brain crosstalk seem implicated in the biological and physiological basis of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Evidence supporting these connections has come from model systems, but there are still unsolved issues due to several limitations of available research tools. New technologies are recently born to help understanding the causative role of gut microbes in neurodegeneration. This review aims to make an overview of recent advances in the study of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the field of neurodegenerative disorders by: (a) identifying specific microbial pathological signaling pathways; (b) characterizing new, advanced engineered tools to study the interactions between human cells and gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Andrea Ceppa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Almanza-Aguilera E, Hernáez A, Corella D, Aguayo DM, Ros E, Portolés O, Valussi J, Estruch R, Coltell O, Subirana I, Salas-Salvadó J, Ruiz-Canela M, de la Torre R, Nonell L, Fitó M, Castañer O. Transcriptional response to a Mediterranean diet intervention exerts a modulatory effect on neuroinflammation signaling pathway. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:256-265. [PMID: 32290787 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1749334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Traditional Mediterranean Diet (TMD) is known to have beneficial effects on several chronic diseases. However, data concerning the whole transcriptome modulation of the TMD are scarce.Objective: We aimed to explore the effects of the TMD on the whole transcriptome of individuals at high cardiovascular risk.Methods: Thirty-four participants at high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to a TMD enriched with extra-virgin olive oil (TMD + VOO), mixed nuts (TMD + Nuts), or a control diet based on low-fat diet recommendations. A microarray analysis in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the participants was conducted before and after 3 months of the intervention. The association of changes in gene expression was modeled into canonical pathways by conducting an untargeted functional analysis with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® (IPA). Effects were considered significant when the absolute z-score values were ≥2.0 and the logarithm P (adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure [BH]) values were ≥1.30.Results: According to IPA, interventions with TMD + Nuts, TMD + VOO, and control diet downregulated neuroinflammation, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 , and cholecystokinin/gastrin-mediated signaling pathways, respectively. The gene expression among these pathways included cytokines, T-cell activation receptors, nuclear factor kappa β/inflammasome components, pro-inflammatory enzymes and cell cycle regulators.Conclusion: The current findings suggest that the TMD enriched with mixed nuts or VOO downregulate transcriptomic pathways, including those related to neuroinflammation, which could influence development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our data should be corroborated in other tissue cells, such as neurons and glial cells. The PREDIMED trial was registered at https://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN35739639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition research group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hernáez
- Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition research group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julieta Valussi
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition research group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Computer Science and Languages, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Institute of Health Research of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.,Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience research group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Microarrays analysis service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition research group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition research group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
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15
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Le HTMD, Lie KK, Giroud-Argoud J, Rønnestad I, Sæle Ø. Effects of Cholecystokinin (CCK) on Gut Motility in the Stomachless Fish Ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta). Front Neurosci 2019; 13:553. [PMID: 31231179 PMCID: PMC6568239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is well-known as a key hormone that inhibits stomach emptying and stimulates midgut motility in gastric species. However, the function of CCK related to gut motility in agastric fish, especially in fish with a short digestive tract such as ballan wrasse, remains unknown. Here we present a detailed description of the spatio-temporal quantification of intestinal motility activity in vitro comprising the complete intestinal tract in ballan wrasse. We show that CCK modulates intestinal motility, having multiple effects on motility patterns depending on location in the gut and types of contractions. CCK reduced propagating contractions in the foregut, but it increased both non-propagating and propagating contractions in the hindgut. CCK also altered the direction of propagating contractions, as it reduced anterograde ripples and slow propagating contractions. The velocity of propagating contractions was slowed down by CCK. CCK also reduced the amplitude of standing contractions and ripples, but it did not alter the amplitude of slow propagating contractions. The presence of CCKA receptor antagonist modulated the motility responses of ballan wrasse intestines when exposed to CCK. We also showed that CCK reduced the intestinal length and stimulated motility to empty the gallbladder. Based on our findings we hypothesize that CCK, mainly through the CCKA receptor, modulates non-propagating and propagating contractions to optimize digestion and absorption and regulate the intestinal evacuation in ballan wrasse. We also found evidence that the modulation of intestinal motility by CCK is different in agastric fish from that in gastric vertebrates. We suggest that this is an evolutionary adaptation to optimize digestion without a stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang T M D Le
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kai K Lie
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Sæle
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Yang X, Yue R, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang X, Luo H, Wang WE, Chen X, Wang HJ, Jose PA, Wang H, Zeng C. Gastrin Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Activation of RISK (Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase) and SAFE (Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement) Pathways. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e005171. [PMID: 30005556 PMCID: PMC6064830 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most predominant complications of ischemic heart disease. Gastrin has emerged as a regulator of cardiovascular function, playing a key protective role in hypoxia. Serum gastrin levels are increased in patients with myocardial infarction, but the pathophysiogical significance of this finding is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how gastrin protects cardiac myocytes from IRI. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiments. The hearts in living rats or isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion to induce myocardial IRI. Gastrin, alone or with an antagonist, was administered before the induction of myocardial IRI. We found that gastrin improved myocardial function and reduced the expression of myocardial injury markers, infarct size, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by IRI. Gastrin increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), AKT (protein kinase B), and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), indicating its ability to activate the RISK (reperfusion injury salvage kinase) and SAFE (survivor activating factor enhancement) pathways. The presence of inhibitors of ERK1/2, AKT, or STAT3 abrogated the gastrin-mediated protection. The protective effect of gastrin was via CCK2R (cholecystokinin 2 receptor) because the CCK2R blocker CI988 prevented the gastrin-mediated protection of the heart with IRI. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between serum levels of cardiac troponin I and gastrin in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, suggesting a protective effect of gastrin in human cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that gastrin can reduce myocardial IRI by activation of the RISK and SAFE pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongchuan Yue
- Department of Cardiology, North Sichuan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center & Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Huixia Judy Wang
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Wu W, Sheng K, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhou G. Potential roles for glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide and cholecystokinin in anorectic response to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:181-187. [PMID: 29433086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia is a hallmark of animal and human exposed to T-2 toxin, a most poisonous trichothecene mycotoxins contaminating various cereal grains including wheat, corn and barley. Although this adverse effect has been well characterized in several animal species, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The goal for this study was to elucidate the roles of two gut satiety hormones, glucagon-like peptide-17-36 amide (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in T-2 toxin-evoked anorectic response using a mouse anorexia bioassay. Elevations of plasma GLP-1 and CCK significantly corresponded to anorexia induction by T-2 toxin. Direct administration of exogenous GLP-1 and CCK markedly evoked anorectic responses similar to T-2 toxin. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist Exendin9-39 dose-dependently cause attenuation of both GLP-1- and T-2 toxin-induced anorectic responses. Pretreatment with the CCK1 receptor (CCK1R) antagonist SR 27897 and CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) antagonist L-365,260 attenuated anorexia induction by both CCK- and T-2 toxin in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that both GLP-1 and CCK play contributory roles in T-2 toxin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kun Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors has been shown to influence pancreatic endocrine function. METHODS We assessed the impact of the CCKA and CCKB receptor modulators, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively, on β-cell secretory function, proliferation and apoptosis and glucose tolerance, and investigating alterations of CCK and gastrin islet expression in diabetes. RESULTS Initially, the presence of CCK and gastrin, and expression of their receptors were evidenced in β-cell lines and mouse islets. (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 and 1.1B4 β-cells, associated with no effect on membrane potential or [Ca]i. Only (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 possessed insulin secretory actions in isolated islets. In agreement, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 improved glucose disposal and glucose-induced insulin release in mice. In addition, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 evoked clear satiety effects. Interestingly, islet colocalization of CCK with glucagon was elevated in streptozotocin- and hydrocortisone-induced diabetic mice, whereas gastrin coexpression in α cells was reduced. In contrast, gastrin colocalization within β-cells was higher in diabetic mice, while CCK coexpression with insulin was decreased in insulin-deficient mice. (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 also augmented human and rodent β-cell proliferation and offered protection against streptozotocin-induced β-cell cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the direct involvement of CCKA and CCKB receptors in pancreatic β-cell function and survival.
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19
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Reid AMA, Dunn IC. Gastrointestinal distribution of chicken gastrin-cholecystokinin family transcript expression and response to short-term nutritive state. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 255:64-70. [PMID: 29061367 PMCID: PMC5693036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The related peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin are conserved throughout vertebrate clades and implicated in energy homeostasis. CCK is generally accepted as a satiety hormone in poultry, but the role of gastrin remains poorly studied. Functional dissection of these ligands is required to characterise the molecular control of growth & satiety in the domestic chicken, for which there is an increasingly pressing mandate. There are limited descriptions of physiological distributions for the two genes in birds, and these are mostly reliant on immunohistochemistry which can prove problematic due to the shared structure of the targets. Therefore, we have defined the tissue distributions of CCK and gastrin in the chicken, focussing on the gastrointestinal tract, by using transcript-dependent techniques to improve reliability by increasing specificity. Though considerably more highly expressed in the brain, gastrointestinal CCK transcripts were dispersed throughout the small intestine and particularly around the proximal ileum. Gastrin expression was strictly limited to the gastric antrum region of the intestinal tract, albeit very highly expressed. We demonstrate that CCK mRNA expression does not respond as expected for a short-term satiety hormone, and that the short-term response of gastrin expression is paradoxical compared to its role in mammals. These results partially corroborate previous peptide distribution studies and initiate exploration of the nutrient-responsive roles of these hormones in avian energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus M A Reid
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Ian C Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
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20
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Zalvan CH, Hu S, Greenberg B, Geliebter J. A Comparison of Alkaline Water and Mediterranean Diet vs Proton Pump Inhibition for Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143:1023-1029. [PMID: 28880991 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common disorder with protean manifestations in the head and neck. In this retrospective study, we report the efficacy of a wholly dietary approach using alkaline water, a plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions compared with that of the traditional treatment approach of proton pump inhibition (PPI) and standard reflux precautions. Objective To determine whether treatment with a diet-based approach with standard reflux precautions alone can improve symptoms of LPR compared with treatment with PPI and standard reflux precautions. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective medical chart review of 2 treatment cohorts. From 2010 to 2012, 85 patients with LPR that were treated with PPI and standard reflux precautions (PS) were identified. From 2013 to 2015, 99 patients treated with alkaline water (pH >8.0), 90% plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions (AMS) were identified. The outcome was based on change in Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). Main Outcomes and Measures Recorded change in the RSI after 6 weeks of treatment. Results Of the 184 patients identified in the PS and AMS cohorts, the median age of participants in each cohort was 60 years (95% CI, 18-82) and 57 years (95% CI, 18-93), respectively (47 [56.3%] and 61 [61.7%] were women, respectively). The percentage of patients achieving a clinically meaningful (≥6 points) reduction in RSI was 54.1% in PS-treated patients and 62.6% in AMS-treated patients (difference between the groups, 8.05; 95% CI, -5.74 to 22.76). The mean reduction in RSI was 27.2% for the PS group and 39.8% in the AMS group (difference, 12.10; 95% CI, 1.53 to 22.68). Conclusions and Relevance Our data suggest that the effect of PPI on the RSI based on proportion reaching a 6-point reduction in RSI is not significantly better than that of alkaline water, a plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions, although the difference in the 2 treatments could be clinically meaningful in favor of the dietary approach. The percent reduction in RSI was significantly greater with the dietary approach. Because the relationship between percent change and response to treatment has not been studied, the clinical significance of this difference requires further study. Nevertheless, this study suggests that a plant-based diet and alkaline water should be considered in the treatment of LPR. This approach may effectively improve symptoms and could avoid the costs and adverse effects of pharmacological intervention as well as afford the additional health benefits associated with a healthy, plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Zalvan
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Shirley Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Greenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla
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Pyarokhil AH, Sasaki M, Tomikawa S, Maetani A, Yuhara K, Kobayashi Y, Kitamura N. Immunohistochemical Study of Endocrine Cells in the Stomach and Small Intestine of the Lion (Panthera leo). MAMMAL STUDY 2017. [DOI: 10.3106/041.042.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Hamid Pyarokhil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | - Ayami Maetani
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Obihiro 080-0831, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Luo D, Qu C, Lin G, Zhang Z, Xie J, Chen H, Liang J, Li C, Wang H, Su Z. Character and laxative activity of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Garcia RS, Belafsky PC, Della Maggiore A, Osborn JM, Pypendop BH, Pierce T, Walker VJ, Fulton A, Marks SL. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Cats During Anesthesia and Effect of Omeprazole on Gastric pH. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:734-742. [PMID: 28425145 PMCID: PMC5435072 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is poorly characterized in anesthetized cats, but can cause aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, and esophageal stricture formation. Objective To determine whether pre‐anesthetic orally administered omeprazole increases gastric and esophageal pH and increases serum gastrin concentrations in anesthetized cats, and to determine the prevalence of GER using combined multichannel impedance and pH monitoring. Animals Twenty‐seven healthy cats undergoing elective dental procedures. Methods Prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial. Cats were randomized to receive 2 PO doses of omeprazole (1.45–2.20 mg/kg) or an empty gelatin capsule placebo 18–24 hours and 4 hours before anesthetic induction. Blood for measurement of serum gastrin concentration was collected during anesthetic induction. An esophageal pH/impedance catheter was utilized to continuously measure esophageal pH and detect GER throughout anesthesia. Results Mean gastric pH in the cats that received omeprazole was 7.2 ± 0.4 (range, 6.6–7.8) and was significantly higher than the pH in cats that received the placebo 2.8 ± 1.0 (range, 1.3–4.1; P < .001). Omeprazole administration was not associated with a significant increase in serum gastrin concentration (P = .616). Nine of 27 cats (33.3%) had ≥1 episode of GER during anesthesia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Pre‐anesthetic administration of 2 PO doses of omeprazole at a dosage of 1.45–2.20 mg/kg in cats was associated with a significant increase in gastric and esophageal pH within 24 hours, but was not associated with a significant increase in serum gastrin concentration. Prevalence of reflux events in cats during anesthesia was similar to that of dogs during anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Garcia
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - P C Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Voice and Swallowing, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - A Della Maggiore
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - J M Osborn
- Sandhill Scientific, Inc., Highlands Ranch, CO
| | - B H Pypendop
- Department of Surgery and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - T Pierce
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - V J Walker
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - A Fulton
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - S L Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Luo D, Qu C, Zhang Z, Xie J, Xu L, Yang H, Li C, Lin G, Wang H, Su Z. Granularity and Laxative Effect of Ultrafine Powder of Dendrobium officinale. J Med Food 2017; 20:180-188. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DanDan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Guangdong Province Forestry Science and Technology Extension Station, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhenBiao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianHui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - LieQiang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongMei Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - CaiLan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - GuoSheng Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongFeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Control for the Forest Disease and Pest, Guangzhou, China
- Biotechnology Division, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZiRen Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
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Semmens DC, Mirabeau O, Moghul I, Pancholi MR, Wurm Y, Elphick MR. Transcriptomic identification of starfish neuropeptide precursors yields new insights into neuropeptide evolution. Open Biol 2016; 6:150224. [PMID: 26865025 PMCID: PMC4772807 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are evolutionarily ancient mediators of neuronal signalling in nervous systems. With recent advances in genomics/transcriptomics, an increasingly wide range of species has become accessible for molecular analysis. The deuterostomian invertebrates are of particular interest in this regard because they occupy an ‘intermediate' position in animal phylogeny, bridging the gap between the well-studied model protostomian invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans) and the vertebrates. Here we have identified 40 neuropeptide precursors in the starfish Asterias rubens, a deuterostomian invertebrate from the phylum Echinodermata. Importantly, these include kisspeptin-type and melanin-concentrating hormone-type precursors, which are the first to be discovered in a non-chordate species. Starfish tachykinin-type, somatostatin-type, pigment-dispersing factor-type and corticotropin-releasing hormone-type precursors are the first to be discovered in the echinoderm/ambulacrarian clade of the animal kingdom. Other precursors identified include vasopressin/oxytocin-type, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-type, thyrotropin-releasing hormone-type, calcitonin-type, cholecystokinin/gastrin-type, orexin-type, luqin-type, pedal peptide/orcokinin-type, glycoprotein hormone-type, bursicon-type, relaxin-type and insulin-like growth factor-type precursors. This is the most comprehensive identification of neuropeptide precursor proteins in an echinoderm to date, yielding new insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems. Furthermore, these data provide a basis for experimental analysis of neuropeptide function in the unique context of the decentralized, pentaradial echinoderm bauplan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Semmens
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Institut Curie, Genetics and Biology of Cancers Unit, INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ismail Moghul
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mahesh R Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yannick Wurm
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Yin XL, Tang XD, Wang FY, Chen T, Lv L, Ma XX, Tian YX. G protein coupled signal transduction mechanisms in malfunction of smooth muscle relaxation and contraction in functional dyspepsia. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:886-893. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i6.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a heterogeneous disease associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility, and it relates to malfunction of smooth muscle relaxation and contraction that is mainly mediated by G protein coupled signal transduction mechanisms involving phosphatidyl inositol (PI) signal transduction pathway, cyclic nucleus signal transduction pathway and small G protein signal transduction pathway. By discussing different components and signal pathways of G protein coupled signal transduction system and their associations with malfunction of smooth muscle relaxation and contraction in FD, this review aims to provide a new thought about the treatment of FD through the regulation of gastrointestinal motility from a microcosmic perspective.
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Barnett MC, McFarlane J.R, Hegarty RS. Low ambient temperature elevates plasma triiodothyronine concentrations while reducing digesta mean retention time and methane yield in sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:483-91. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Barnett
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - J .R. McFarlane
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - R. S. Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
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Ferenc K, Pietrzak P, Godlewski MM, Piwowarski J, Kiliańczyk R, Guilloteau P, Zabielski R. Intrauterine growth retarded piglet as a model for humans--studies on the perinatal development of the gut structure and function. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:51-60. [PMID: 24607255 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The overall acceptance of pig models for human biomedical studies is steadily growing. Results of rodent studies are usually confirmed in pigs before extrapolating them to humans. This applies particularly to gastrointestinal and metabolism research due to similarities between pig and human physiology. In this context, intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) pig neonate can be regarded as a good model for the better understanding of the IUGR syndrome in humans. In pigs, the induction of IUGR syndrome may include maternal diet intervention, dexamethasone treatment or temporary reduction of blood supply. However, in pigs, like in humans, circa 8% of neonates develop IUGR syndrome spontaneously. Studies on the pig model have shown changes in gut structure, namely a reduced thickness of mucosa and muscle layers, and delayed kinetic of disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes were found in IUGR individuals in comparison with healthy ones. Functional changes include reduced dynamic of gut mucosa rebuilding, decreased activities of main brush border enzymes, and changes in the expression of proteins important for carbohydrate, amino acids, lipid, mineral and vitamin metabolism. Moreover, profiles of intestinal hormones are different in IUGR and non-IUGR piglets. It is suggested that supplementation of the mothers during the gestation and/or the IUGR offspring after birth can help in restoring the development of the gastrointestinal tract. The pig provides presumably the optimal animal model for humans to study gastrointestinal tract structure and function development in IUGR syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał M Godlewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Piwowarski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Kiliańczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul Guilloteau
- INRA, Unité 1341, Nutrition et Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales (ADNC), Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wu W, Zhou HR, He K, Pan X, Sugita-Konishi Y, Watanabe M, Zhang H, Pestka JJ. Role of cholecystokinin in anorexia induction following oral exposure to the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, and nivalenol. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:278-89. [PMID: 24385417 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal grain contamination by trichothecene mycotoxins is known to negatively impact human and animal health with adverse effects on food intake and growth being of particular concern. The head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum elaborates five closely related 8-ketotrichothecene congeners: (1) deoxynivalenol (DON), (2) 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), (3) 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), (4) fusarenon X (FX), and (5) nivalenol (NIV). While anorexia induction in mice exposed intraperitoneally to DON has been linked to plasma elevation of the satiety hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY₃₋₃₆ (PYY₃₋₃₆), the effects of oral gavage of DON or of other 8-keotrichothecenes on release of these gut peptides have not been established. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the anorectic responses to the aforementioned 8-ketotrichothecenes following oral gavage at a common dose (2.5 mg/kg bw) and (2) relate these effects to changes plasma CCK and PYY₃₋₃₆ concentrations. Elevation of plasma CCK markedly corresponded to anorexia induction by DON and all other 8-ketotrichothecenes tested. Furthermore, the CCK1 receptor antagonist SR 27897 and the CCK2 receptor antagonist L-365,260 dose-dependently attenuated both CCK- and DON-induced anorexia, which was consistent with this gut satiety hormone being an important mediator of 8-ketotrichothecene-induced food refusal. In contrast to CCK, PYY₃₋₃₆ was moderately elevated by oral gavage with DON and NIV but not by 3-ADON, 15-ADON, or FX. Taken together, the results suggest that CCK plays a major role in anorexia induction following oral exposure to 8-ketotrichothecenes, whereas PYY₃₋₃₆ might play a lesser, congener-dependent role in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Guilloteau P, Vitari F, Metzinger-Le Meuth V, Le Normand L, Romé V, Savary G, Delaby L, Domeneghini C, Morisset J. Is there adaptation of the exocrine pancreas in wild animal? The case of the Roe deer. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:70. [PMID: 22640469 PMCID: PMC3439256 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiology of the exocrine pancreas has been well studied in domestic and in laboratory animals as well as in humans. However, it remains quite unknown in wildlife mammals. Roe deer and cattle (including calf) belong to different families but have a common ancestor. This work aimed to evaluate in the Roe deer, the adaptation to diet of the exocrine pancreatic functions and regulations related to animal evolution and domestication. Results Forty bovine were distributed into 2 groups of animals either fed exclusively with a milk formula (monogastric) or fed a dry feed which allowed for rumen function to develop, they were slaughtered at 150 days of age. The 35 Roe deer were wild animals living in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, shot during the hunting season and classified in two groups adult and young. Immediately after death, the pancreas was removed for tissue sample collection and then analyzed. When expressed in relation to body weight, pancreas, pancreatic protein weights and enzyme activities measured were higher in Roe deer than in calf. The 1st original feature is that in Roe deer, the very high content in pancreatic enzymes seems to be related to specific digestive products observed (proline-rich proteins largely secreted in saliva) which bind tannins, reducing their deleterious effects on protein digestion. The high chymotrypsin and elastase II quantities could allow recycling of proline-rich proteins. In contrast, domestication and rearing cattle resulted in simplified diet with well digestible components. The 2nd feature is that in wild animal, both receptor subtypes of the CCK/gastrin family peptides were present in the pancreas as in calf, although CCK-2 receptor subtype was previously identified in higher mammals. Conclusions Bovine species could have lost some digestive capabilities (no ingestion of great amounts of tannin-rich plants, capabilities to secrete high amounts of proline-rich proteins) compared with Roe deer species. CCK and gastrin could play an important role in the regulation of pancreatic secretion in Roe deer as in calf. This work, to the best of our knowledge is the first study which compared the Roe deer adaptation to diet with a domesticated animal largely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guilloteau
- INRA, U1341, Nutrition et Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
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Abstract
Butyrate is a natural substance present in biological liquids and tissues. The present paper aims to give an update on the biological role of butyrate in mammals, when it is naturally produced by the gastrointestinal microbiota or orally ingested as a feed additive. Recent data concerning butyrate production delivery as well as absorption by the colonocytes are reported. Butyrate cannot be detected in the peripheral blood, which indicates fast metabolism in the gut wall and/or in the liver. In physiological conditions, the increase in performance in animals could be explained by the increased nutrient digestibility, the stimulation of the digestive enzyme secretions, a modification of intestinal luminal microbiota and an improvement of the epithelial integrity and defence systems. In the digestive tract, butyrate can act directly (upper gastrointestinal tract or hindgut) or indirectly (small intestine) on tissue development and repair. Direct trophic effects have been demonstrated mainly by cell proliferation studies, indicating a faster renewal of necrotic areas. Indirect actions of butyrate are believed to involve the hormono-neuro-immuno system. Butyrate has also been implicated in down-regulation of bacteria virulence, both by direct effects on virulence gene expression and by acting on cell proliferation of the host cells. In animal production, butyrate is a helpful feed additive, especially when ingested soon after birth, as it enhances performance and controls gut health disorders caused by bacterial pathogens. Such effects could be considered for new applications in human nutrition.
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Nutritional programming of gastrointestinal tract development. Is the pig a good model for man? Nutr Res Rev 2010; 23:4-22. [PMID: 20500926 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of early-life nutritional programming in man and other mammalian species have been studied chiefly at the metabolic level. Very few studies, if any, have been performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the target organ, but extensive GIT studies are needed since the GIT plays a key role in nutrient supply and has an impact on functions of the entire organism. The possible deleterious effects of nutritional programming at the metabolic level were discovered following epidemiological studies in human subjects, and confirmed in animal models. Investigating the impact of programming on GIT structure and function would need appropriate animal models due to ethical restrictions in the use of human subjects. The aim of the present review is to discuss the use of pigs as an animal model as a compromise between ethically acceptable animal studies and the requirement of data which can be interpolated to the human situation. In nutritional programming studies, rodents are the most frequently used model for man, but GIT development and digestive function in rodents are considerably different from those in man. In that aspect, the pig GIT is much closer to the human than that of rodents. The swine species is closely comparable with man in many nutritional and digestive aspects, and thus provides ample opportunity to be used in investigations on the consequences of nutritional programming for the GIT. In particular, the 'sow-piglets' dyad could be a useful tool to simulate the 'human mother-infant' dyad in studies which examine short-, middle- and long-term effects and is suggested as the reference model.
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Guilloteau P, Romé V, Delaby L, Mendy F, Roger L, Chayvialle JA. Is caseinomacropeptide from milk proteins, an inhibitor of gastric secretion? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 159:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Guilloteau P, Romé V, Delaby L, Mendy F, Roger L, Chayvialle JA. A new role of phosphopeptides as bioactive peptides released during milk casein digestion in the young mammal: regulation of gastric secretion. Peptides 2009; 30:2221-7. [PMID: 19744534 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study in vivo the effect of ingestion of phosphopeptides (PP) alone or associated with caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on gastric secretion and to elucidate some possible mechanisms involved. Seven calves fitted with a gastric pouch received either a diet based on whey proteins without PP and CMP (C diet) or C diet in which PP or PP+CMP was introduced at concentrations similar to that of PP or PP+CMP in cow milk (PP diet and PP+CMP diet, respectively). Gastric juice secretion was measured during successive periods throughout the day. Twenty-four calves were fitted with a catheter introduced in one external jugular vein for blood sample collections. The daily secretion of electrolytes decreased with the presence of PP or PP+CMP in the diet. During the day, peptide supplementation in the diet resulted in (1) short term (1st-2nd postprandial h), a decrease of secreted quantities of gastric juice, enzymes and electrolytes, (2) long term (7-24h after the morning meal), a decrease of electrolyte secretions. Intervention of gastrin, CCK, somatostatin and BPP could be probable. Globally, inhibition of gastric secretions seemed more important when PP was given in association with CMP in the diet rather than alone. CMP and PP may have short and long term action respectively over the 24h day. To our knowledge, it is the first time that phosphopeptides coming from milk casein digestion are demonstrated to inhibit gastric secretion. Therapeutic uses are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guilloteau
- INRA, UMR 1079 SENAH, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
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MacDonald E, Volkoff H. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in winter skate (Raja ocellata): cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and mRNA expression responses to fasting. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:252-61. [PMID: 19523382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
cDNAs encoding for neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were cloned in an elasmobranch fish, the winter skate. mRNA tissue distribution was examined for the three peptides as well as the effects of two weeks of fasting on their expression. Skate NPY, CART and CCK sequences display similarities with sequences for teleost fish but in general the degree of identity is relatively low (50%). All three peptides are present in brain and in several peripheral tissues, including gut and gonads. Within the brain, the three peptides are expressed in the hypothalamus, telencephalon, optic tectum and cerebellum. Two weeks of fasting induced an increase in telencephalon NPY and an increase in CCK in the gut but had no effects on hypothalamic NPY, CART and CCK, or on telencephalon CART. Our results provide basis for further investigation into the regulation of feeding in winter skate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, Canada
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Guilloteau P, Zabielski R, David J, Blum J, Morisset J, Biernat M, Woliński J, Laubitz D, Hamon Y. Sodium-butyrate as a growth promoter in milk replacer formula for young calves. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:1038-49. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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