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Jalili F, Moradi S, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, Wong A, Jalalvand AR, Kermani MAH, Jalili C, Jalili F. The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2847-2859. [PMID: 38561995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random-effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose-response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I2 = 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose-response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (Pnon-linearity = 0.903, Pdose-response <0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jalili
- University of Adelaide Faculty of Medicine, Adelide, Australia
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali R Jalalvand
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Zare H, Amiri Ardekani E, Tavakoli A, Bradley R, Tavakoli F, Pasalar M. Reporting of adverse effects of pomegranate in clinical studies: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:154-166. [PMID: 37116077 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have shown the pharmacological effects of pomegranate, such as: anti-cancer, cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, and antihypertensive features. Pomegranate consumption has also revealed some adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to explore the adverse effects of pomegranate reported in clinical studies. CONTENT The keywords "pomegranate", "Punica granatum", "side effect", "clinical trial", and "case report or case series" were searched for in valid databases. Reports about adverse effects of pomegranate were also collected from several international registries. SUMMARY This systematic review included a total of 66 clinical articles. Eleven articles have reported side effects of pomegranate. Twenty-one articles have recorded no side effects in the pomegranate group while 34 articles have not mentioned any side effects for this plant. The study also included 7 case report studies. The most common side effects included gastrointestinal problems, flu-like symptoms, and urinary problems. In case report studies, the most significant reported side effect was allergic reaction. OUTLOOK In summary, pomegranate and its extract seem to be safe according to the reported adverse effects. Meanwhile, conducting more robust controlled trials with pomegranate products and documentation of any probable side effect is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zare
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri Ardekani
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Iranian Association of Indigenous Knowledge, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Tavakoli
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, USA
| | - Fatemeh Tavakoli
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Laurindo LF, Rodrigues VD, Minniti G, de Carvalho ACA, Zutin TLM, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A, Barbalho SM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) phytochemicals target the components of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109670. [PMID: 38768871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a multipurpose dietary and medicinal plant known for its ability to promote various health benefits. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder driving health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide. It may be characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This study aims to conduct a review of pomegranate's effects on MetS parameters using a mechanistic approach relying on pre-clinical studies. The peel, juice, roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaves of the fruit present several bioactive compounds that are related mainly to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects. The use of the juice extract can work as a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, consequently regulating blood pressure. The major bioactive compounds found within the fruit are phenolic compounds (hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids) and fatty acids. Alkaloids, punicalagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, luteolin, and punicic acid are also present. The antihyperglycemia, antihyperlipidemia, and weight loss promoting effects are likely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. When considering clinical application, pomegranate extracts are found to be frequently well-tolerated, further supporting its efficacy as a treatment modality. We suggest that pomegranate fruit, extract, or processed products can be used to counteract MetS-related risk factors. This review represents an important step towards exploring potential avenues for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Laís Menegucci Zutin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Mohamedshah Z, Hayes M, Chadwick-Corbin S, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Bioaccessibility, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal transport of phenolics from 100% Concord grape juice and whole grapes are similar in a simulated digestion and fecal fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4315-4330. [PMID: 35297910 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic rich 100% grape juice has been associated with many health benefits, but its place in dietary guidance is controversial relative to whole fruit. Direct comparisons of phenolic profiles and bioavailability between these food forms are needed. Phenolic bioaccessibility and metabolism from Concord (CG) and Niagara (NG) grapes and corresponding 100% juices were investigated using an in vitro digestion coupled with anaerobic gut fermentation model. Intestinal transport of resulting bioaccessible phenolics and microbial metabolites was estimated using a Caco-2 cell model. Total bioaccessible phenolics from both upper and lower digestion were similar (P > 0.05) between NG (400.9 ± 26.3 μmol per 100 g) and NGJ (349.5 ± 8.3 μmol per 100 g) and significantly different (P < 0.05) between CG (417.2 ± 24.4 μmol per 100 g) and CGJ (294.3 ± 45.4 μmol per 100 g) total cellular transport of phenolics was similar (P > 0.05) between whole grapes (89.4 ± 5.3 μmol per 100 g for CG, and 71.8 ± 2.4 μmol per 100 g for NG) and 100% juices (88.0 ± 5.6 μmol per 100 g for CGJ, and 85.3 ± 9.4 μmol per 100 g for NGJ). Differences were observed between the location of phenolic metabolism, bioaccessibility and subsequent cellular transport of individual phenolics between grapes and juice matrices. Specifically, greater amounts of phenolics were transported from grape juices than whole grapes from the upper tract. However, cumulative bioaccessibility and transport from upper and lower GI digestion/fermentation together indicates that the absorbable phenolics from 100% grape juice is similar to that of whole grapes, suggesting that phenolic-mediated health benefits from consumption of whole fruit and juice may be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Sydney Chadwick-Corbin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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6
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Therapeutic Effects of Punica granatum (Pomegranate): An Updated Review of Clinical Trials. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5297162. [PMID: 34796029 PMCID: PMC8595036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5297162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. belongs to the Punicaceae family which is distributed around the world. Different parts of pomegranate like seed, peel, juice, and leaves are rich in potential bioactive compounds. These plants have found application in traditional medicine such as in treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases, among others. The present review aimed to summarize the current research on the traditional and scientific applications of P. granatum with regard to the phytochemical content and clinical applications that may be useful for future drug development. Information about P. granatum was obtained from local classic herbal literature and electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Several phytochemical constituents including polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanosides, alkaloids, lignans, and triterpenes have been reported from the plant. Randomized clinical trials have provided evidence as to the pharmacological activities of pomegranate in several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, oral cavity disorders, endocrine disorders, and cancer. The present review has provided an insight into the traditional applications of the plants, and some of them have been validated by scientific evidence, particularly their applications as treatment of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.
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Ho KKHY, Ferruzzi MG, Wightman JD. Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:145-174. [PMID: 31532485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources of chlorogenic acid and flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, and flavanone intake, making them complementary sources of dietary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of fruit (poly)phenols and their potential health benefits. Fruit (poly)phenols have been associated with several health benefits (eg, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on 100% fruit juice consumption are controversial due to the perception of sugar content, growing evidence supports the role of fruit in whole and 100% juice forms to provide consumer benefits in alignment with dietary guidance. However, differences in (poly)phenol profiles and bioavailability likely exist between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice due to processing and the presence/absence of fiber. Ongoing studies are better defining similarities and differences between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice to elucidate protective mechanisms and align with processing and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K H Y Ho
- Kacie K.H.Y. Ho is with the Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Mario G. Ferruzzi is with the Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoLynne D Wightman
- JoLynne D. Wightman is with Welch Foods Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Dos Santos RL. Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3684-3699. [PMID: 32250215 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. METHODS Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. CONCLUSION This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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9
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Pomegranate as a Potential Alternative of Pain Management: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040419. [PMID: 32235455 PMCID: PMC7238014 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has been used in traditional medicine for different kinds of pain. This review aims to explore the scientific evidence about the antinociceptive effect of pomegranate. A selection of original scientific articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria was carried out. It was found that different parts of pomegranate showed an antinociceptive effect; this effect can be due mainly by the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, or fatty acids. It is suggested in the literature that the mechanisms of action may be related to the activation of the L-arginine / NO pathway, members of the TRP superfamily (TRPA1 or TRPV1) and the opioid system. The implications for the field are to know the mechanisms of action by which this effect is generated and thus be able to create alternative treatments for specific types of pain, which help alleviate it and reduce the adverse effects produced by drugs. The results propose that pomegranate and secondary metabolites could be considered in the treatment of inflammatory, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain.
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El-Missiry MA, Amer MA, Hemieda FA, Othman AI, Sakr DA, Abdulhadi HL. Cardioameliorative effect of punicalagin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis, redox imbalance, metabolic changes and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher A. Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faried A.E. Hemieda
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I. Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Sakr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haitham L. Abdulhadi
- Biology department, Pure Science Education Collage, Al-Anbar University, Al-Anbar, Iraq
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12
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Evidence for the effectiveness of pomegranate supplementation for blood pressure management is weak: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Res 2017; 46:38-48. [PMID: 29173650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature death. Studies have been conducted assessing the impact of pomegranate on blood pressure, with varying results. The aim of this review was to critically appraise and evaluate the effect of pomegranate on blood pressure in adults, using evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase, Amed, and The Cochrane Library, and included RCTs assessing the effectiveness of pomegranate on blood pressure. We assessed the reporting quality using the Cochrane criteria. We included 8 RCTs comprising 619 participants. The studies varied in their reporting quality, and compared pomegranate juice or capsules with a control. Two studies reported significant reductions in systolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .002 and p < .001 respectively; 3 studies reported no significant differences between groups; and 3 studies failed to report between-group differences. Two studies reported significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .038, p < .001, respectively; 4 studies reported no significant between-group differences; and 2 studies did not report between group differences. No adverse events were observed. The limited evidence from clinical trials to date fails to convincingly show a beneficial effect of pomegranate on blood pressure. We have identified evidence gaps and highlight areas for future research to be conducted, including performing studies of high quality and longer duration.
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Cheraghi Z, Mirmiran P, Mansournia MA, Moslehi N, Khalili D, Nedjat S. The association between nutritional exposures and metabolic syndrome in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS): a cohort study. Public Health 2016; 140:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lv O, Wang L, Li J, Ma Q, Zhao W. Effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols on lipid accumulation and cholesterol metabolic transformation in L-02 human hepatic cells via the PPARγ-ABCA1/CYP7A1 pathway. Food Funct 2016; 7:4976-4983. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PPPs, PC and PEA in different concentrations were found to decrease the total cholesterol (TC) content and increase the total bile acid (TBA) content of a human hepatic cell model, and so possess a lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization
| | - Qianqian Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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15
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Shishehbor F, Mohammad shahi M, Zarei M, Saki A, Zakerkish M, Shirani F, Zare M. Effects of Concentrated Pomegranate Juice on Subclinical Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 14:e33835. [PMID: 27279834 PMCID: PMC4895098 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.33835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of pomegranate juice have been reported in several studies. However, limited clinical trials have examined the effects of concentrated pomegranate juice (CPJ) on inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of CPJ on metabolic risk factors, including inflammatory biomarkers, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a quasi-experiment trial, 40 type 2 diabetic patients were asked to consume 50 g of CPJ daily for 4 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, blood pressure measurements, and fasting blood samples were conducted at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS The intake of CPJ produced a significant increase in both total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (4.7% and 3.9%, respectively) from baseline (P < 0.05). However, changes that were observed in serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure were not statistically significant. Administration of CPJ caused significant reduction in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), but tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) remained unchanged during the study. The mean value of serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was substantially increased (~ 75%) from 381.88 ± 114.4 at baseline to 1501 ± 817 after 4 weeks of CPJ consumption. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of CPJ (50 g/day) appears to have favorable effects on some markers of subclinical inflammation, and to increase plasma concentrations of antioxidants in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shishehbor
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad shahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Azadeh Saki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Health Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirani
- Nutrition Paramedical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Nutrition Department, Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Hashemi M, Khosravi E, Ghannadi A, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R. Effect of the peels of two Citrus fruits on endothelium function in adolescents with excess weight: A triple-masked randomized trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:721-6. [PMID: 26664417 PMCID: PMC4652303 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity induces endothelial dysfunction even in the pediatric age group. The possible protective effects of fruits and herbal products on the endothelial dysfunction of obese children remain to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effects of lemon and sour orange peels on endothelial function of adolescents with excess weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS This triple-masked, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 1-month among 90 overweight and obese participants, aged 6-18 years. They were randomly assigned into three groups of equal number receiving daily oral capsules containing lemon or sour orange powder or placebo. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was compared between three groups by using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Overall, 30 participants in the lemon group, 27 in the sour orange group and 29 in the control group completed the trial. After the trial, mean FMD was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the lemon group (11.99 ± 4.05) and in the sour orange group (12.79 ± 5.47) than in the placebo group (6.45 ± 2.79). FMD percent change was 145.02 ± 24.34 in the lemon group, 142.04 ± 16.11 in the sour orange group, and 46.73 ± 5.16 in controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This trial showed that consumption of extracts of lemon and sour orange peels, which contain plenty amounts of antioxidants, flavonoids, pectin, and vitamin C, might have significant benefits on endothelial function in children and adolescents with excess weight. Trial registry code: IRCT201311201434N10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Khosravi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rezaei A, Farzadfard A, Amirahmadi A, Alemi M, Khademi M. Diabetes mellitus and its management with medicinal plants: A perspective based on Iranian research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:567-616. [PMID: 26283471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Complementary and alternative medicine has been increasingly used to treat chronic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus. However, various limitations in terms of their application and efficacies exist. Furthermore, there is still much to be done to discover the right herbal medicine for diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to evaluate previous herbal studies on the management of diabetes mellitus, to address their strengths and weaknesses and propose a general framework for future studies. APPROACH AND METHODS Data sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Wiley were searched, limited to Iran, using 36 search terms such as herbal, traditional, medicine, and phytopharmacy in combination with diabetes and related complications. Reviewed articles were evaluated regarding the use of botanical nomenclature and included information on (1) identity of plants and plant parts used, (2) the processing procedure, and (3) the extraction process. The main outcomes were extracted and then surveyed in terms of the efficacies of herbs in the management of diabetes mellitus. Then a comparative study was performed between Iranian and non-Iranian studies with respect to herbs best studied in Iran. RESULTS Of the 82 herbs studied in Iran, only six herbs were endemic and 19 were studied in detail. Although most of the reviewed herbs were found to decrease the level of blood glucose (BG) and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in both Iranian and non-Iranian studies, information on their pharmacological mechanisms is scarce. However, the level of HbA1C was measured in a limited number of clinical trials or animal studies. Available information on both short- and long-term use of studied herbs on diabetes related complications and functions of involved organs as well as comorbid depression and/or simultaneous changes in lifestyle is also insufficient. Furthermore, little or no information on their phytochemical, toxicological, and herb-drug interaction properties is available. It is worth noting that the efficacy of the reviewed herbs has been studied scarcely in both humans and animals regarding both Iranian and non-Iranian studies. A significant number of reviewed articles failed to cite the scientific name of herbs and include information on the processing procedure and the extraction process. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of diabetes mellitus as a multifactorial disease using herbal medicines requires a comprehensive approach. In order to discover the right herbal medicine for the management of diabetes many other important factors than the levels of BG, HbA1C and insulin should be considered. According to our criteria, all the reviewed herbs suffered from inadequate investigation in human, animal and in vitro models in this respect, whereas they are worth investigating further. However, more research on endemic plants and the traditional history of herbal medicine is warranted. In our opinion, the pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical information should be obtained before clinical trials. Furthermore, information such as botanical scientific nomenclature, side effects, and toxicity will improve the quality and validity of publications in herbal research. In particular, designing a database covering all valid information about herbs and/or diseases will decrease unnecessary costs and increase the efficiency of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Rezaei
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Azad Farzadfard
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Amirahmadi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Maasoomeh Alemi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mitra Khademi
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Vlachojannis C, Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. A Critical Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence for Pomegranate Preparations in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Phytother Res 2015; 29:501-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vlachojannis
- Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Paul Erne
- Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna; St. Annastr. 32 CH 6006 Luzern Switzerland
| | - Andreas W. Schoenenberger
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; 3010 Bern Switzerland
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Hyson DA. A review and critical analysis of the scientific literature related to 100% fruit juice and human health. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:37-51. [PMID: 25593142 PMCID: PMC4288278 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.005728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the consumption of pure (100%) fruit juice (PFJ) and human health is uncertain. The current review summarizes data published between 1995 and 2012 related to PFJ with a focus on juices that are widely available and studied in forms representing native juice without supplemental nutrients or enhanced phytochemical content. The effects of apple, cranberry, grape, grapefruit, orange, and pomegranate PFJ intake on outcomes linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognition, hypertension, inflammation, oxidation, platelet function, urinary tract infection, and vascular reactivity are reviewed. Implications for bodyweight regulation are also addressed. The collective data are provocative although challenges and unanswered questions remain. There are many plausible mechanisms by which PFJ might be protective, and investigation of its effects on human health and disease prevention must remain an active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne A Hyson
- College of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, California State University, Sacramento, CA
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Di Lorenzo C, Sousa LPD, Pastor RF, Colombo F, Frigerio G, Restani P. Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20150504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Zhao W, Li J, He X, Lv O, Cheng Y, Liu R. In vitro steatosis hepatic cell model to compare the lipid-lowering effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols with several other plant polyphenols as well as its related cholesterol efflux mechanisms. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:945-954. [PMID: 28962306 PMCID: PMC5598384 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the relative activities of the purified pomegranate peels polyphenols (PPPs) with some other plant polyphenols including punicalagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, phlorizin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the lipid metabolism regulation, and the cholesterol efflux mechanisms of PPPs and punicalagin were also investigated. In this paper, a convenient and accurate in vitro HL7702 steatosis hepatic cell model was applied to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of the tested polyphenols. The results showed that PPPs possessed the strongest lipid-lowering effects. Prevention group (treated with polyphenols when establishing of steatosis model) was more effective than treatment group (treated with polyphenols after establishment of steatosis model). Punicalagin displayed the strongest lipid-lowering effects among all the tested components of pomegranate peel polyphenols. Moreover, PPPs and punicalagin (10, 20, 40 μg/mL) significantly increased the mRNA expression of LXRα (Liver X receptor alpha) and its target genes-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in a dose-dependent manner in HL7702 steatosis hepatic cells. The high mRNA expression of LXRα and ABCA1, next to lovastatin, was observed in cells treated with 40 μg/mL of PPPs. These in vitro findings suggested that PPPs might have great potential in the clinic treatment of hyperlipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoye He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yujiang Cheng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Run Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
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Sabzghabaee AM, Kelishadi R, Golshiri K, Ghannadi A, Badri S. Clinical Effects of Rhus coriaria Fruits on Dyslipidemia308 in Adolescents: a Triple-blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. Med Arch 2014; 68:308-12. [PMID: 25568560 PMCID: PMC4269531 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.308-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and adolescents are considered as the best target groups for preventing and controlling the cardiovascular diseases risk factors and reducing mortality in adulthood. Alternative medicine and herbal drugs have been taken into account for managing dyslipidemia in this population. The beneficial effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on lipid profile have been confirmed in some laboratory and animal studies. This study was designed to investigate the clinical effects of sumac fruits on dyslipidemia in 12-18 years-old adolescents. METHODS This randomized triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 72 obese adolescents with dyslipidemia from August 2011 to June 2012 in Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran. Eligible adolescents were randomly assigned to two case and control groups. The control group received placebo capsules and the case group received capsules containing 500 mg of powdered sumac fruits, each three times a day for one month. Biochemical parameters including 12-hrs fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (Total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured before the initiation and after the completion of the study protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 16.0, using Independent Samples T-test, or Paired Samples T-test, for between-group and within-group analysis, respectively. FINDINGS The plasma levels of Total-C, LDL-C, and TG changed significantly over-time in the case group. Furthermore, between-group analysis showed a statistically significant difference between case and control groups with this regard (P < 0.05, for all statistical comparisons). However, HDL-C levels have not been changed significantly over-time within the case or control group, neither between the two study groups. CONCLUSION In this study, the considerable effects of Rhus coriaria (sumac) on reducing serum levels of Total-C, LDL-C, and TG have been noticed during one-month trial. However, probably due to the concise period of sumac consumption, its effect on HDL-C was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keivan Golshiri
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirinsadat Badri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Li SH, Tian HB, Zhao HJ, Chen LH, Cui LQ. The acute effects of grape polyphenols supplementation on endothelial function in adults: meta-analyses of controlled trials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69818. [PMID: 23894543 PMCID: PMC3722169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute effects of grape polyphenols on endothelial function in adults are inconsistent. Here, we performed meta-analyses to determine these acute effects as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Methods Trials were searched in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs were obtained by using random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The protocol details of our meta-analysis have been submitted to the PROSPERO register and our registration number is CRD42013004157. Results Nine studies were included in the present meta-analyses. The results showed that the FMD level was significantly increased in the initial 120 min after intake of grape polyphenols as compared with controls. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed and showed that a health status was the main effect modifier of the significant heterogeneity. Subgroups indicated that intake of grape polyphenols could significantly increase FMD in healthy subjects, and the increased FMD appeared to be more obviously in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, the peak effect of grape polyphenols on FMD in healthy subjects was found 30 min after ingestion, which was different from the effect in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors, in whom the peak effect was found 60 min after ingestion. Conclusions Endothelial function can be significantly improved in healthy adults in the initial 2 h after intake of grape polyphenols. The acute effect of grape polyphenols on endothelial function may be more significant but the peak effect is delayed in subjects with a smoking history or coronary heart disease as compared with the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Jin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lian-Qun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Grape juice concentrate protects reproductive parameters of male rats against cadmium-induced damage: a chronic assay. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:2020-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term grape juice concentrate (GJC) consumption, in two dosages, on the reproductive parameters of cadmium-exposed male rats. The effects of the concentrate on body mass gain, plasma testosterone levels, reproductive organ weights, daily sperm production, sperm morphology, testis histopathological and histomorphometrical parameters, and testicular antioxidant markers were investigated. Wistar rats (n 54) were distributed into six groups: CdCl2; cadmium and grape juice I (1·18 g/kg per d); cadmium and grape juice II (2·36 g/kg per d); grape juice I (1·18 g/kg per d); grape juice II (2·36 g/kg per d); control. A single dose of CdCl2 (1·2 mg/kg body weight (BW)) was injected intraperitoneally and the grape juice was administered orally for 56 d. The results indicated that cadmium changed all reproductive and antioxidant parameters. At dosage I (1·18 g/kg BW), GJC consumption did not show the effects against cadmium-induced damages. In contrast, at dosage II (2·36 g/kg BW), the GJC improved the gonadosomatic index (P= 0·003), serum testosterone levels (P= 0·001), the relative weight of epididymis (P= 0·013) and ventral prostate (P= 0·052), the percentage of normal sperm (P= 0·001), and histopathological and histomorphometrical parameters. In addition, at this dosage, normalisation of the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (P= 0·001) and of testicular levels of glutathione (P= 0·03) were observed. The parameters of the non-exposed rats did not depict significant alterations. In conclusion, the product was able to act as a protector of reproductive function against cadmium-induced damage. Such a property was expressed in a dose-dependent manner as the more effective dose was dosage II. The GJC acted possibly by antioxidant mechanisms.
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Wu D, Ma X, Tian W. Pomegranate husk extract, punicalagin and ellagic acid inhibit fatty acid synthase and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocyte. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient fruit that is still part of the diet in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and India. Health-promoting effects have long been attributed to this fruit. Modern research corroborates the use of pomegranate as a folk remedy for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is responsible for a new evaluation of nutritional and pharmaceutical aspects of pomegranate in the general public. In the last decade, industry and agricultural production have been adapted to meet higher market demands for pomegranate. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that pomegranate exerts hypoglycaemic effects, including increased insulin sensitivity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, and impact on glucose transporter type 4 function, but is also responsible for a reduction of total cholesterol, and the improvement of blood lipid profiles, as well as anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways. These effects may also explain how pomegranate-derived compounds function in the amelioration of adverse health effects caused by metabolic syndrome. Pomegranate contains polyphenols such as ellagitannins and anthocyanins, as well as phenolic acids, fatty acids and a variety of volatile compounds. Ellagitannins are some of the most prevalent compounds present in pomegranate, and may be responsible for certain benevolent characteristics associated with pomegranate. A brief overview of rising health problems due to obesity will be provided, followed by characterisation of the biological activity, bioavailability, and safety of pomegranate and pomegranate-derived compounds. Although the fruit is consumed in many countries, epidemiological and clinical studies are unavailable. Additional research is necessary to corroborate the promise of current in vivo and in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Medjakovic
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Thandapilly SJ, LeMaistre JL, Louis XL, Anderson CM, Netticadan T, Anderson HD. Vascular and cardiac effects of grape powder in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1070-6. [PMID: 22785408 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, attenuated changes in small artery geometry and stiffness, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). However, in addition to resveratrol, grapes contain a variety of bioactive polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Therefore, we investigated the effects of grape consumption in SHR. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were treated with freeze-dried grape powder for 10 weeks. Dilatory, geometry, and stiffness properties of mesenteric small arteries were assessed by pressurized myography. Left ventricular mass index and cardiac function were assessed by two-dimensional guided M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Elevated blood pressure in SHR was associated with remodeling and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of small arteries. Augmented left ventricular mass index (reflecting hypertrophy) and diminished cardiac function were also evident in SHR. Although grape treatment failed to affect cardiac dysfunction, it elicited a significant reduction in blood pressure, improved arterial relaxation, increased vascular compliance, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with whole grape powder conferred mild vascular and cardiac benefits in SHR. Therefore, dietary grape consumption may be a feasible and salutary adjunct to pharmacological treatment of human hypertension.
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Lynn A, Hamadeh H, Leung WC, Russell JM, Barker ME. Effects of pomegranate juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity and blood pressure in healthy young and middle-aged men and women. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:309-314. [PMID: 22648092 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice may improve cardiovascular risk because of its content of antioxidant polyphenols. We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled parallel study to examine the effect of pomegranate juice on pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and plasma antioxidant status (ferric reducing power; FRAP) in 51 healthy adults (30-50 years). Participants consumed 330 ml/day of pomegranate juice or control drink for four weeks. Measurements were made at baseline and at four weeks. There was no effect of the intervention on PWV (P = 0.694) and plasma FRAP (P = 0.700). However, there was a significant fall in systolic blood pressure (-3.14 mmHg, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-2.33 mmHg P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (-2.60 mmHg, P < 0.001). Change in weight was similar in the two groups over the intervention period (P = 0.379). The fall in BP was not paralleled by changes in concentration of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. We conclude that pomegranate juice supplementation has benefits for BP in the short term, but has no effect on PWV. The mechanism for the effect is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lynn
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
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Soto-Vaca A, Gutierrez A, Losso JN, Xu Z, Finley JW. Evolution of phenolic compounds from color and flavor problems to health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6658-77. [PMID: 22568556 DOI: 10.1021/jf300861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Early studies focused on the negative effects on color and flavor of foods, followed by exploration of the antioxidant properties and the associated health benefits. The growing body of evidence suggests that plant-based polyphenols may help prevent or delay the onset of a multiplicity of diseases. Newer work suggests that a variety of polyphenols can alter the expression of genes in the inflammatory pathway. Data also show that the absorption of the polyphenols is very limited. Insulin resistance and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome and aging and occur at the early stages of the disease. There is limited clinical evidence that certain polyphenolic metabolites by virtue of their anti-inflammatory activities can improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial and mitochondrial function, suggesting that polyphenols are good for disease prevention. The goal of this review is to summarize the evolution and emphasize the potential benefits of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soto-Vaca
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Al-Muammar MN, Khan F. Obesity: the preventive role of the pomegranate (Punica granatum). Nutrition 2012; 28:595-604. [PMID: 22342388 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a rapidly growing threat to the health of populations in an increasing number of countries. Diet intervention has been proposed as one of the strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance. Traditionally, the pomegranate, including its roots, tree bark, fruit juice, leaves, and flowers, has been used to treat some conditions such as diarrhea, hemorrhage, acidosis, and microbial infections. Pomegranate extracts have been found to have strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even antitumor properties in vivo and in vitro. More recently, positive effects on fat reduction have been shown using the pomegranate and its extracts. Many of the beneficial effects are related to the presence of anthocyanins, tannins, and very high levels of antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavonoids. Many studies have explored the effects of the pomegranate in obesity, and various mechanisms have been proposed as to how these different extracts help in fat reduction. This article provides an overview of the work done addressing the potential benefits of the pomegranate on obesity and assesses the efficacy of intervention by means of the pomegranate and its extracts. Human studies in this field are still limited and need more attention that would help in understanding the preventive and protective roles pomegranate extracts have on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Al-Muammar
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Johanningsmeier SD, Harris GK. Pomegranate as a Functional Food and Nutraceutical Source. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:181-201. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030810-153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- USDA-ARS Food Science Research Unit Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
| | - G. Keith Harris
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
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Schini-Kerth VB, Auger C, Etienne-Selloum N, Chataigneau T. Polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations role of NO and EDHF. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2010; 60:133-75. [PMID: 21081218 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies. Indeed, because of the abundance of fruits and vegetables and a moderate consumption of wine, the Mediterranean diet provides high amounts of polyphenols thought to be essential bioactive compounds that might provide health benefits in terms of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Several polyphenol-rich sources, such as grape-derived products, cocoa, and tea, have been shown to decrease mean blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The improvement of the endothelial function is likely to be one of the mechanisms by which polyphenols may confer cardiovascular protection. Indeed, polyphenols are able to induce nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations in a large number of arteries including the coronary artery; they can also induce endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations in some of these arteries. Altogether, these mechanisms might contribute to explain the antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects of polyphenols in vivo. The aim of this review was to provide a nonexhaustive analysis of the effect of several polyphenol-rich sources and isolated compounds on the endothelium in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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