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Lane JE, Tin D, Ali A, Ciottone G. From Didactics to Disasters: Unveiling CBRNe and Counter-Terrorism Medicine Training in US Medical Schools. Prehosp Disaster Med 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38651351 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x24000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The threat of chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) terrorist attacks has increased over time. The need for rapid and effective responses to such attacks is paramount. Effective medical counter-measures to CBRNe events are critical and training for such may effectively occur early in physician training. While some medical specialties are more involved than others, counter-terrorism medicine (CTM) spans all medical specialties. METHODS All United States allopathic medical schools were examined via online curriculums and queries for academic content related to CBRNe and terrorist medical counter-measures. RESULTS Analysis of 153 United States allopathic medical schools demonstrated that 15 (9.8%) medical schools offered educational content related to CBRNe and terrorist counter-measures. This is in contrast to legislation following the September 11, 2001 attacks that called for high priority for such education. CONCLUSION Effective CBRNe medical counter-measures are currently in place; however, there is room for improvement in education that may begin during medical school. While certain medical specialties such as emergency medicine, primary care, and dermatology may have specific niches in such events, physicians of all medical specialties have something to offer, and even a basic education in medical school can help best prepare the nation for future attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Lane
- Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GeorgiaUSA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GeorgiaUSA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GeorgiaUSA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GeorgiaUSA
- Capital Technology University, Laurel, MarylandUSA
| | - Derrick Tin
- Senior Fellow, BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| | - Ameena Ali
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GeorgiaUSA
| | - Gregory Ciottone
- Director, BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
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Isleem N, Naseralallah L, Koraysh S, Abu Ghalyoun A, Alnaimi S, Pallivalapila A, Al Hail M. Disaster Preparedness Amongst Emergency Pharmacists for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:573-583. [PMID: 37038373 PMCID: PMC10082576 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s404367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to assess the level of preparedness of pharmacists working in the emergency department at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) for any emergency disasters that may take place during the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ by evaluating their awareness (A), attitude (A), and readiness (R). Methods A cross-sectional quantitative observational study was conducted through a web-based survey. The survey was distributed among emergency pharmacists working in general hospitals under HMC. The questionnaire was composed of three major domains assessing awareness, attitude, readiness, as well as an additional domain to collect the participants' demographics. Student's t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression were used with an alpha level of 0.05. Results Most pharmacists working in the emergency departments at HMC had high levels of awareness (76.9%), attitude (92%), and readiness (53.8%) for any emergency disasters that may occur during the FIFA World Cup 2022. Nonetheless, almost half of the respondents reported moderate level of readiness for emergency events. Pharmacists with >10 years' practice experience had significantly higher AAR score compared to those with <5 years' experience (P = 0.002). Significant direct positive correlations were found among the 3 AAR parameters (P < 0.05). Attitude was found to be a significant predictor of readiness (P < 0.05). A model composed of attitude and awareness could predict 12% of readiness score. Conclusion Emergency pharmacists at HMC have high level of preparedness for any emergency disaster event during the World Cup. Future research should focus on the development of theory-based action framework for pharmacy departments during mass gathering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Isleem
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Nour Isleem, Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O.Box 42, Doha, Qatar, Tel +974 3100 3071, Email
| | - Lina Naseralallah
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Somaya Koraysh
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Moza Al Hail
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Robinson Y, Ragazzoni L, Della Corte F, von Schreeb J. Teaching extent and military service improve undergraduate self-assessed knowledge in disaster medicine: An online survey study among Swedish medical and nursing students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161114. [PMID: 37064676 PMCID: PMC10102457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the possible needs for undergraduate disaster medicine education in Sweden and to make informed recommendations for the implementation of disaster medicine content in medical and nursing schools in Sweden.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to undergraduate medical and nursing students through the directors of all medical and nursing programs at Swedish universities. The survey contained demographic questions, as well as questions about the amount of disaster medical education and previous experience with rescue, police, or military services. The final survey page contained self-assessments of disaster medical knowledge. Comparative statistics were applied between nursing and medical students, those with previous military service, and those without, as well as between universities.ResultsA total of 500 medical and 408 nursing students participated in this study. A median of 2 h of disaster medicine education was provided to senior medical students and 4 h was provided to senior nursing students. Senior medical students scored their disaster medical knowledge lower than nursing students (t-test, p < 0.001). A proportion of 1% had served in rescue services or police, and 7% of the participants had a history of military service, of which 67% served in a medical role. Those who had served in rescue services, police, or the armed forces had a higher self-assessed disaster medical knowledge base than those who had not (p < 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionMost medical and nursing students in this study rated their disaster medical knowledge as insufficient. The correlation between the amount of disaster medical education and self-assessed disaster medical knowledge should influence and help direct Swedish educational policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Robinson
- Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yohan Robinson,
| | - Luca Ragazzoni
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- CRIMEDIM—Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Johan von Schreeb
- Department of Global Public Health, Center for Research on Health Care in Disasters, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shanableh S, Alomar MJ, Palaian S, Al-Ahmad MM, Ibrahim MIM. Knowledge, attitude, and readiness towards disaster management: A nationwide survey among healthcare practitioners in United Arab Emirates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278056. [PMID: 36795695 PMCID: PMC9934416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Health professionals are expected to be knowledgeable on disaster medicine and prepared to deal with medicine disasters. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and readiness to practice disaster medicine among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the practice of disaster medicine. A cross-sectional survey conducted among various healthcare professionals in different healthcare facilities in the UAE. An electronic questionnaire was used and randomly distributed throughout the country. Data were collected from March to July 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions distributed among four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and readiness to practice. The questionnaire distribution involved a 5-item of demographic information, a 21-item of knowledge, a 16-item of attitude and an 11-item of practice. A total of 307 (participation rate ~80.0%, n = 383) health professionals practicing in the UAE responded. Of these, 191 (62.2%) were pharmacists, 52 (15.9%) were physicians, 17 (5.5%) were dentists, 32 (10.4%) were nurses, and 15 (4.9%) were others. The mean experience was 10.9 years [SD ±7.6] (median 10, IQR 4-15). The median (IQR) overall knowledge level was 12 (8-16) and the maximum knowledge level was 21. The overall knowledge level differed significantly between the age groups of the participants (p = 0.002). The median (IQR) of overall attitude was (57, 50-64) for pharmacists, (55, 48-64) for physicians, (64, 44-68) for dentists, (64, 58-67) for nurses, and (60, 48-69) for others. The total attitude score differed significantly between the different professional groups (p = 0.034), gender (p = 0.008) and workplace (p = 0.011). In terms of readiness to practice, respondents' scores were high and not significantly related to age (p = 0.14), gender (p = 0.064), professional groups (p = 0.0.762), and workplace (p = 0.149). This study showed that health professionals in the UAE have moderate levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and high readiness to engage in disaster management. Gender and place of work can be considered as influencing factors. Professional training courses and educational curriculums related to disaster medicine can be beneficial to further reduce the knowledge-attitude gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Shanableh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Muaed Jamal Alomar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- * E-mail:
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Mohammad Majed Al-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain, UAE
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Henze SM, Fellmer F, Wittenberg S, Höppner S, Märdian S, Willy C, Back DA. Digital adaptation of teaching disaster and deployment medicine under COVID-19 conditions: a comparative evaluation over 5 years. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:717. [PMID: 36224618 PMCID: PMC9554383 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought many aspects of disaster medicine into everyday awareness but also led to a massive change in medical teaching due to the necessity of contact restrictions. This study aimed to evaluate student acceptance of a curricular elective module on disaster and deployment medicine over a 5-year period and to present content adjustments due to COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS Since 2016, 8 semesters of the curricular elective module took place in face-to-face teaching (pre-COVID-19 group). From the summer semester of 2020 to the summer semester of 2021, 3 semesters took place as online and hybrid courses (mid-COVID-19 group). Student attitudes and knowledge gains were measured using pretests, posttests, and final evaluations. These data were statistically compared across years, and new forms of teaching under COVID-19 conditions were examined in more detail. RESULTS A total of 189 students participated in the module from the summer semester of 2016 through the summer semester of 2021 (pre-COVID-19: n = 138; mid-COVID-19: n = 51). There was a high level of satisfaction with the module across all semesters, with no significant differences between the groups. There was also no significant difference between the two cohorts in terms of knowledge gain, which was always significant (p < 0.05). COVID-19 adaptations included online seminars using Microsoft Teams or Zoom, the interactive live-streaming of practical training components, and digital simulation games. CONCLUSION The high level of satisfaction and knowledge gained during the module did not change even under a digital redesign of the content offered. The curricular elective module was consistently evaluated positively by the students, and the adaptation to online teaching was well accepted. Experiences with digital forms of teaching should also be used after the COVID-19 pandemic to create digitally supported blended learning concepts in the field of deployment and disaster medicine and thus further promote the expansion of teaching in this important medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Henze
- Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Military Academic Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Fellmer
- Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Military Academic Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Wittenberg
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Höppner
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Rescue Service, Military Academic Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Märdian
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Willy
- Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Military Academic Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - D A Back
- Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Military Academic Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Li S, Gillani AH, Ibrahim MIM, Omer S, Fang Y. Should We Focus More on Teaching and Training Disaster Management in Health-care Colleges? An Insight into the Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Readiness to Practice. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:147-156. [PMID: 36506724 PMCID: PMC9728062 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_420_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The critical aspects of risk management for students are providing knowledge, building positive attitudes, and readiness to practice. Our study aimed to assess Chinese health-care university students' knowledge (K), attitude (A), and readiness to practice (rP) regarding disaster medicine and preparedness. Materials and Methods A survey was carried out using a self-administered disaster medicine and preparedness questionnaire. Three main outcome measures were K (22 items), A (16 items), and rP (11 items). Responses were scored and classified as high, moderate, and low. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed for data analysis. Results A total of 769 valid questionnaires were collected. The associations between K, A, and rP scores was significant, i.e., K-A scores (r = 0.449, P = 0.000), K-rP scores (r = 0.312, P = 0.000), and A-rP scores (r = 0.656, P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated direct low-to-moderate effects of gender, age, attitude, and knowledge on readiness to practice (R 2 = 0.198; P < 0.001). Conclusions The study discovered that most of the students had a moderate level of knowledge, moderate level of attitude, high level of readiness to practice, and a moderate level of total KArP. K, A, and rP were significantly correlated, and K and A were predictors for rP among the health-care students. The findings indicate the importance of health-care colleges for building students' knowledge, attitudes, and readiness to practice disaster medicine and preparedness before joining the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ali Hassan Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Address for correspondence: Prof. Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. E-mail:
| | - Sumaira Omer
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hermann S, Gerstner J, Weiss F, Aichele S, Stricker E, Gorgati E, Rosenberger P, Wunderlich R. Presentation and evaluation of a modern course in disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance for medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:610. [PMID: 34893083 PMCID: PMC8661312 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster medicine is a component of the German medical education since 2003. Nevertheless, studies have shown some inconsistencies within the implementation of the national curriculum, and limits in the number of students trained over the years. Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and other disasters have called attention to the importance of training medical students in disaster medicine on a coordinated basis. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate the disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance course, which was developed in the University of Tübingen, Germany. METHODS The University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Tübingen expanded the existing curriculum of undergraduate disaster medicine training with fundamentals of humanitarian medicine, integrating distance learning, interactive teaching and simulation sessions in a 40 h course for third-, fourth- and fifth- year medical students. This prospective and cross-sectional study evaluates the Disaster Medicine and Humanitarian Assistance course carried out over five semesters during the period between 2018 and 2020. Three survey tools were used to assess participants' previous experiences and interest in the field of disaster medicine, to compare the subjective and objective level of knowledge before and after training, and to evaluate the course quality. RESULTS The total number of medical students attending the five courses was n = 102 of which n = 60 females (59%) and n = 42 males (41%). One hundred two students entered the mandatory knowledge assessment, with the rate of correct answers passing from 73.27% in the pre-test to 95.23% in the post-test (t [101] = 18.939, p < .001, d = 1.88). To determine the subjective perception of knowledge data were collected from 107 observations. Twenty-five did not complete the both questionnaires. Out of a remaining sample of 82 observations, the subjective perception of knowledge increased after the course (t [81] = 24.426, p < .001, d = 2.69), alongside with the interest in engaging in the field of disaster medicine (t [81] = 7.031, p < .001, d = .78). The 93.46% of the medical students (n = 100) graded the training received with an excellent overall score (1.01 out of 6). CONCLUSION The study indicates a significant increase in students' understanding of disaster medicine using both subjective and objective measurements, as well as an increase interest in the field of disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance. Whereas former studies showed insufficient objective knowledge regarding disaster medical practices as well as subjective insecurities about their skills and knowledge to deal with disaster scenarios, the presented course seems to overcome these deficiencies preparing future physicians with the fundamentals of analysis and response to disasters. The development and successful implementation of this course is a first step towards fulfilling disaster medicine education requirements, appearing to address the deficiencies documented in previous studies. A possible adaptation with virtual reality approaches could expand access to a larger audience. Further effort must be made to develop also international training programs, which should be a mandatory component of medical schools' curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hermann
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Gerstner
- Psychological Institute, Department of Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weiss
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Aichele
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Stricker
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Gorgati
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wunderlich
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Kim MS, Shin H, Kim G, Kim JH, Kang S, Kang TB, Kim JG. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Chemical-Mass Casualty Incident Response Education Module (C-MCIREM): A Pilot Simulation Study With a Before and After Design. Cureus 2021; 13:e17980. [PMID: 34667664 PMCID: PMC8517456 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the occurrence of a number of major disasters around the world, there is growing interest in chemical disaster medicine. In South Korea, there is a training program for mass casualty incidents (MCI) and backup by legal regulations by the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. However, there is no program focusing on chemical disasters. Thus, the authors newly created a program, the Chemical-Mass Casualty Incident Response Education Module (C-MCIREM) in September 2019. This was a pilot study to verify the educational effect of the program. Method A pre/post study was conducted of a chemical MCI training program based on simulation. A total of 25 representative and qualified participants were recruited from fire departments, administrative staff of public health centers, and healthcare workers of hospitals in the Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. They participated in a one-day training program. A knowledge test and confidence survey were provided to participants just before training, and again immediately following the training online. The authors compared improvements of pre/post-test results. In the tabletop drill exercise, quantified qualitative analyses were used to measure the educational effect on the participants. Results In the knowledge test, the mean (standard deviation) scores for all 25 participants at baseline and after training were 41.72 (15.186) and 77.96 (11.227), respectively (p < 0.001). In the confidence survey for chemical MCI response for all 25 participants, all the sub-items concerning personal protective equipment selection, antidote selection, antidote stockpiling and passing on knowledge to colleagues, zone setup and decontamination, and chemical triage were improved compared to the baseline score (p < 0.001). The tabletop exercise represented a prehospital setting and had 11 participants. The self-efficacy qualitative survey showed pre- and post-exercise scores of 64/100 and 84/100 respectively. For a hospital setting exercise, it had 14 participants. The survey showed pre/post-exercise scores of 26/100 and 73/100 respectively. Twenty-two (88%) participants responded to the final satisfaction survey, and their overall mean scores regarding willingness to recommend this training program to others, overall satisfaction with theoretical education, overall satisfaction with tabletop drill simulation, and opinion about whether policymakers need this training were all over 8 out of 10 respectively. Conclusion C-MCIREM, the newly created chemical MCI program, provided effective education to the selected 25 participants among Korean chemical MCI responders in terms of both knowledge and practice at a single pilot trial. Participants were highly satisfied with the educational material and their confidence in disaster preparedness was clearly improved. In order to prove the universal educational effect of this C-MCIREM in the future, more education is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Sik Kim
- Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon city, KOR
| | - Heejun Shin
- Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, KOR
| | - Giwoon Kim
- Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, KOR
| | - Jae Hyuk Kim
- Emergency Medicine, Mokpo Hankook Hospital, Mokpo, KOR
| | - Sori Kang
- Emergency Medicine, National Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, KOR
| | - Tai Been Kang
- Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, KOR
| | - Jeong Gyun Kim
- Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, KOR
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Koh TJW, Ling AHZ, Chiang CLL, Lee GSJ, Tay HSE, Yi H. Attitudes towards COVID-19 precautionary measures and willingness to work during an outbreak among medical students in Singapore: a mixed-methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 34088316 PMCID: PMC8176668 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed challenges that medical students face when healthcare systems are under intense pressure. There is a need to assess medical students' education needs in pandemic preparedness. The objective of this mixed-methods study was threefold: (1) to assess COVID-19 perceived efficacy, susceptibility, and anxiety in relation to health literacy; (2) to describe attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures against COVID-19 and willingness to work during an outbreak; and (3) to examine multilevel factors associated with willingness to work. METHODS An online survey was conducted among 263 medical students in Singapore during the lockdown period in July 2020. Participants were surveyed on COVID-19 related literacy, perceptions, anxiety, attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures, and willingness to work during an outbreak. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors associated with the key outcome variable of willingness to work. In addition, open-ended questions were used to assess medical education needs, which were reported using thematic analysis. RESULTS Perceived adequacy of COVID-19 information was associated with higher perceived efficacy, lower perceived susceptibility, and lower anxiety levels among the students. Medical students were mostly supportive of COVID-19 precautionary measures except for relatively intrusive measures like in-home surveillance. The degree of willingness to work during an outbreak varied based on certain conditions, in particular family's health and safety, and was associated with self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and hospital capacity of outbreak management. CONCLUSIONS Medical students' attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures varied depending on legality, financial and psychological support, and privacy concerns. Health literacy played an important role in increasing the efficacy of protection against COVID-19 and reducing pandemic-related anxiety among medical students. Their willingness to work during an outbreak was increased by an effective policy of precautionary measures, hospital capacity to manage a pandemic, and assurance of family safety. Medical education should include pandemic preparedness to better prepare students to aid in pandemics, with emphasis on public health policy and ethics coupled with clinical training targeted to managing outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Jia Wen Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abel Ho Zhi Ling
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriel Sheng Jie Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah Si En Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kasselmann N, Willy C, Domres BD, Wunderlich R, Back DA. Implementation of disaster medicine education in German medical schools - a nationwide survey. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 38:Doc79. [PMID: 34056068 PMCID: PMC8136347 DOI: 10.3205/zma001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Floods, earthquakes and terror attacks in recent years emphasize the importance of disaster preparedness for the medical community. To best prepare doctors for providing optimal care in disaster situations, specific education and training should start at the medical school level. This study containes an online survey among German medical schools to evaluate the status quo of teaching disaster medicine and to reveal potential obstacles. Methods: The dean's offices of 36 German medical schools were contacted from April 2016 to May 2017. Via an e-mail link, recipients could anonymously and voluntarily access an online questionnaire (74 items, 42 with a four-point "Likert-like" scale, 12 yes/no questions and 20 with listed items to choose from). The answers were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 25 medical schools participated in the survey. Twenty respondents were in favor of expanding disaster medicine teaching at their institutions. Incorporating single topics ranging from triage (n=21) to accidents involving radioactive materials (n=4) into the curriculum varied widely. Only two schools had established a teaching coordinator for disaster medicine and only one e-learning course had been established. Twenty-one respondents regarded funding issues and 18 regarded organizational matters to be major hurdles in the future. Conclusion: Though most faculty representatives indicated that they favor expanding and implementing disaster medicine education, German medical schools still have a lot of room for enhancement in this field. The incorporation of e-learning tools could facilitate the expansion of disaster medicine teaching while simultaneously addressing the expressed concerns of the survey's participants and guarantee nationwide standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kasselmann
- Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Willy
- Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd D. Domres
- Foundation of the German Institute for Disaster Medicine,Tübingen,Germany
| | - Robert Wunderlich
- University Hospital Tübingen, University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David A. Back
- Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Research, Berlin, Germany
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Teaching Disaster Medicine With a Novel Game-Based Computer Application: A Case Study at Sichuan University. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:548-554. [PMID: 33191895 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effectiveness of our game-based pedagogical technique by comparing the learning, enjoyment, interest, and motivation of medical students who learned about best practices for patient surge in a natural disaster with a novel game-based computer application, with those of medical students who learned about it with a traditional lecture. METHODS We conducted our study by modifying an existing optional course in disaster medicine that we taught at Sichuan University. More specifically, in 2017, while our application was still in development, we taught this course by lecture. In this iteration, 63 third-grade medical students voluntarily joined our course as our 'lecture group.' Once our application was complete in 2018, 68 third-grade medical students voluntarily joined this course as the 'game group.' We examined the different effects of these learning methods on student achievement using pre -, post -, and final tests. RESULTS Both teaching methods significantly increased short-term knowledge and there was no statistical difference between the 2 methods (p > 0.05). However, the game group demonstrated significantly higher knowledge retention than the traditional lecture group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our game-based computer application proved to be an effective tool for teaching medical students best practices for caring for patient surge in a natural disaster.
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Bank I, Wijnen-Meijer M. Why should medical students (not) be recruited to care for patients with COVID-19? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:342. [PMID: 33008374 PMCID: PMC7530858 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide it is being discussed whether medical students might be of help during the present COVID-19 epidemic. Although this question is probably a legitimate one, one should however discuss this thoroughly before deciding whether medical students are to be included in this kind of medical care on a larger scale.Various arguments should be weighted, and potential tasks should be chosen carefully. This period could however be also an opportunity for medical students to learn things they would probably never learn about. Nevertheless, medical students have a deficit concerning knowledge about epidemics, and they are also not really well skilled in many hygiene measures. Furthermore, some of the known medical students' behaviour could be a risk factor for further spread of the virus as well. Then, young adults are at risk of getting infected themselves. Last but not least, medical students in general are under a great deal of pressure from their studies which could lead to the development of anxiety and other mental disorders. One could only speculate on the effects of this epidemic on their further mental well-being. Therefore, medical students participating in direct care of patients with COVID-19 should first be trained well, and then properly supervised at all times. Only then it might be a really useful and exceptional experience, for healthcare, medical schools as well as for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bank
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo Wijnen-Meijer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Kasselmann N, Bickelmayer J, Peters H, Wesemann U, Oestmann JW, Willy C, Back DA. [Relevance of disaster and deployment medicine for medical students : A pilot study based on an interdisciplinary lecture series]. Unfallchirurg 2020; 123:464-472. [PMID: 31696247 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-019-00738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise of conflicts and catastrophes causes new challenges for western healthcare systems. There are obvious parallels between civilian disaster medicine and military combat care. The integration of disaster and deployment medicine into the medical curriculum thus seems necessary. OBJECTIVE What do medical students think about disaster and deployment medicine as part of the curriculum? Does participation in a voluntary disaster medicine course affect their view? MATERIAL AND METHODS While participating in an extracurricular lecture series on disaster and deployment medicine students (group 1) were asked about their personal views and prior experience in disaster medicine (20 questions). Students who did not attend the lecture (group 2) functioned as the control group. The statistical evaluation was performed descriptively and using Student's t test for independent subgroups. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 152 students (group 1: n = 78, group 2: n = 74). Only 10 students in group 1 and none in group 2 felt they had received an adequate amount of teaching in the field of disaster medicine. Medical students in both groups considered disaster medicine to be inadequately represented in the medical curriculum (group 1: 64% and group 2: 66%). Both groups were in favor of further expanding teaching in the field of disaster medicine (group 1: 72%, group 2: 54%, p = 0.001) and the development of e‑learning tools (group 1: 73%, group 2: 72%). DISCUSSION The medical students questioned considered disaster and deployment medicine to be an integral part of the curriculum. Despite some statistical differences between the two groups, the survey showed that medical students possess a great interest in disaster medicine. Both groups were in favor of further integrating e‑learning tools. A regular inclusion of disaster and deployment medicine into the spectrum of medical student teaching is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kasselmann
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Septische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J Bickelmayer
- Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Rettungsdienst, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - H Peters
- Dieter Scheffner Fachzentrum für medizinische Hochschullehre und evidenzbasierte Ausbildungsforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - U Wesemann
- Psychotraumazentrum Berlin, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J W Oestmann
- Klinik für diagnostische Radiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Willy
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Septische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - D A Back
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Septische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Dieter Scheffner Fachzentrum für medizinische Hochschullehre und evidenzbasierte Ausbildungsforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Tsai YD, Tsai SH, Chen SJ, Chen YC, Wang JC, Hsu CC, Chen YH, Yang TC, Li CW, Cheng CY. Pilot study of a longitudinal integrated disaster and military medicine education program for undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20230. [PMID: 32443354 PMCID: PMC7461121 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disaster medicine education in medical curricula is scarce and frequently nonexistent. It is reasonable to initiate educational approaches for physicians in this field at the medical school level. An understanding of disaster medicine and the health care system during massive casualty incidents has been recommended as an integral part of the medical curriculum in the United States and Germany.The goal of the reformed curriculum was to develop a longitudinal integrated disaster and military medicine education program extending from the first year to the sixth year based on previously separated clinical and military medicine topics. Emergency medicine physicians, military emergency medical technicians, and Tactical Combat Casualty Care instructors formed an interprofessional faculty group and designed a learning curriculum.A total of 230 medical students participated in the revised disaster preparedness curriculum. Satisfaction survey response rates were high (201/230, 87.4%). Most of the free-text comments on the program were highly appreciative. The students considered the number of teaching hours for the whole program to be adequate. The students showed significant improvements in knowledge and judgment regarding disaster medicine after the program.We found that medical students were highly interested, were appreciative of, and actively participated in this longitudinal integrated disaster and military medicine education program, but gaps existed between the students' scores and the educators' expectations. The educators believed that the students needed more disaster preparedness knowledge and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Da Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology
- Combat and Disaster Casualty Care Training Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Combat and Disaster Casualty Care Training Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yin-Chung Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Chia-Ching Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Ying-Hsin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien
| | | | | | - Cheng-Yi Cheng
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hassan Gillani A, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Akbar J, Fang Y. Evaluation of Disaster Medicine Preparedness among Healthcare Profession Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062027. [PMID: 32204391 PMCID: PMC7143317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Disasters are devastating incidents, especially when occurring suddenly and causing damage, great loss of life, or suffering. Disasters can affect health and the social and economic development of a nation. The article analyzes the knowledge (K), attitude (A), and readiness to practice (rP) of healthcare professional students in universities in Pakistan. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study using a pretested and validated self-administered disaster medicine and preparedness questionnaire. The study recruited 310 students. Responses were scored and categorized as high (75th quartile), moderate (75-25th quartiles), and low (25th quartile). Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analyses were performed at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: The study found that most of the students had moderate knowledge, attitude, readiness to practice, and total KArP scores. All K, A, and rP scores were significantly correlated with overall KArP scores. Knowledge and attitude factors were significant predictors of readiness to practice. Conclusions: We strongly believe that educators and health policymakers should build a strong curriculum in disaster medicine management and preparedness to prepare competent future healthcare professionals for the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (A.H.G.); (Y.F.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamshaid Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Superior College, Lahore 75500, Pakistan;
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (A.H.G.); (Y.F.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Readiness to Practice Regarding Disaster Medicine and Preparedness Among University Health Students. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:316-324. [PMID: 32115009 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge (K), attitude (A), and readiness to practice (rP) levels regarding disaster medicine and preparedness among health profession students at Qatar University. METHODS A survey-based study was carried out to assess medical, pharmacy, and health sciences students' KArP levels using pretested and validated questionnaire. Student's t-test, analysis of variance, correlation, and linear regression were used with an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS The difference in the mean KArP level between genders was not significant (P > 0.05). Students from the College of Health Sciences had significantly higher KArP levels than those from the College of Pharmacy (101.5 vs 90.0; P = 0.033). Overall, Qatari students had better knowledge, attitude, and readiness to practice scores and total KArP scores than non-Qatari students. Moreover, students who were born in Qatar also had better knowledge, attitude, and readiness to practice scores and total KArP scores than students who were born outside Qatar. Significant direct moderate correlations were found among the 3 KArP parameters (P < 0.001). Knowledge and attitudes were indicated to be significant predictors of readiness to practice (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Students from the health colleges at Qatar University have moderate disaster medicine preparedness.
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Ready to Respond: A Survey of Interdisciplinary Health-Care Students and Administrators on Disaster Management Competencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 14:705-712. [PMID: 31566165 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sense of competency and confidence in disaster management is linked to response willingness and efficacy. This study assessed current health-care student disaster competency curricula and resultant confidence. METHODS A survey was sent to students and administrators in nurse practitioner (NP), master of public health (MPH), and medical/osteopathic schools (MD/DO), assessing curriculum coverage of 15 disaster management competencies (1-4, total 15-60), and confidence in performing 15 related behaviors (1-7, total 15-105). One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to examine group differences. RESULTS A total of 729 students and 72 administrators completed the survey. Low coverage of all topics was reported by both students and administrators (mean 24.4; SD 9.6). Among students, NP students (21.66 ± 8.56) scored significantly lower than MD/DO (23.32 ± 8.19; P < 0.001) and MPH students (26.58 ± 9.06; P < 0.001) on curriculum coverage. Both administrators and students expressed low confidence in competence, with students significantly lower (P < 0.001). NP students scored higher (63.12 ± 20.69; P < 0.001) than both MPH (54.85 ± 17.82) and MD/DO (51.17 ± 19.71; P < 0.001) students. CONCLUSIONS Health-care students report low coverage of topics considered to be necessary disaster response competencies, as well as their confidence to execute functions. This may negatively impact willingness and ability of these professionals to respond effectively in a disaster.
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Feizolahzadeh S, Vaezi A, Mirzaei M, Khankeh H, Taheriniya A, Vafaeenasab M, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Barriers and facilitators to provide continuity of care to dischargeable patients in disasters: A qualitative study. Injury 2019; 50:869-876. [PMID: 30929805 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early discharge of some in-patients is the effective measure to create hospital surge capacity in disasters. However, some of these patients may need to post-discharge continuity of care. The aim of the current study then is to explore the barriers of continuity of care, and to provide suitable solutions for potentially dischargeable patients during disasters. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in Iran in 2017. The data was collected via unstructured interviews with 24 disaster professionals; and analyzed by content analysis method. RESULTS Identified barriers to the continuity of care were classified into seven categories, 'lack of disaster paradigm'; 'challenges of pre-hospital system'; 'insufficient coordination and cooperation'; 'inadequate hospital preparedness'; 'lack of using available resources and capacities'; 'poor patients' knowledge' and 'poor planning'. The suggested solutions for post-discharge continuity of care were: creation of registry and follow-up system; removing pre-hospital challenges; including disaster management courses in medical school curriculum; promoting hospital preparedness by All-Hazard Approach; and effective use of available resources. CONCLUSION Understanding the barriers to continuity of care for discharged patients for adopting policies based on experiences of health care providers can help planners to design and implement effective programs, which will enhance patients' access to necessary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Feizolahzadeh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Vaezi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care in Family Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Khankeh
- Emergency and Disaster Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ali Taheriniya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), H1, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Self-Perception of Medical Students' Knowledge and Interest in Disaster Medicine: Nine Years After the Approval of the Curriculum in German Universities. Prehosp Disaster Med 2017; 32:374-381. [PMID: 28376940 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x17000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the recommendations of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) to develop standards for training the undergraduates in disaster-relevant fields (2004), a German curriculum was approved in 2006. This paper aims to describe the level of training and interest of medical students nine years later. Problem The aim of this study was to assess the self-perception of medical students' knowledge and interest in disaster medicine nine years after the implementation of a standardized disaster medicine curriculum in German medical schools. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted with medical students in Germany using a web-based, purpose-designed questionnaire consisting of 27 mandatory and 11 optional questions. RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-two students from 36 of 37 medical schools in Germany participated. More than one-half of medical students were aware of the field of disaster medicine. One hundred twenty-one students undertook training internally within their university and 307 undertook training externally at other institutions. Only a small content of the curriculum was taught. A difference in self-perception of knowledge between trained and untrained participants was found, despite the level of training being low in both groups. Participants were generally highly motivated to learn disaster medicine in a variety of institutions. CONCLUSION German students are still largely not well educated regarding disaster medicine, despite their high motivation. The curriculum of 2006 was not implemented as originally planned and the number of trained students still remains low as the self-perception of knowledge. Currently, there is no clear and standardized training concept in place. A renewal in the agreement of implementation of the curriculum at medical schools should be targeted in order to follow the recommendation of WADEM. Wunderlich R Ragazzoni L Ingrassia PL Della Corte F Grundgeiger J Bickelmayer JW Domres B . Self-perception of medical students' knowledge and interest in disaster medicine: nine years after the approval of the curriculum in German universities. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):374-381.
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