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Shi L, Ren F, Xin S, Sun Q, Li DN, Li K, Wang Y. Prevalence of burnout among military personnel in the plateau region of China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1897. [PMID: 39014372 PMCID: PMC11251340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The geographical environment and military activities in the plateau area pose potential work-related stressors for military personnel, leading to burnout which is an external manifestation of internal energy exhaustion caused by stress. Without countermeasures, this can result in serious military problems. This study aims to examine the association between burnout and occupational stressors among military personnel stationed in the plateau area of China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A stratified randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted among 2026 military personnel from 6 different troops stationed in the plateau area of China. The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS in Chinese) was administered from March 2022 to December 2023, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS A total of 2026 military personnel participated in the survey. The mean overall burnout score was 3.37 ± 0.73, with emotional exhaustion at 2.69 ± 0.89, depersonalization at 3.58 ± 0.92, and professional achievement at 3.81 ± 0.85 levels respectively reported by participants on average scale scores ranging from zero to six. Severe level of burnout was reported by 43.2% of participants while medium level of burnout was reported by 54 .3%. Age, education level, length of military service, and household income were identified as important factors influencing burnout. CONCLUSION This study highlights a relatively high prevalence of burnout among military personnel stationed in plateau areas necessitating attention towards their occupational health particularly focusing on working hours and economic aspects so as to formulate effective policies and implement intervention measures that strengthen career development for soldiers deployed in such regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shen Xin
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Nouraeinejad A. Visuospatial abilities can be affected in healthcare workers due to job burnout. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:471-472. [PMID: 36864358 PMCID: PMC9980863 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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3
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Flood A, Keegan RJ. Cognitive Resilience to Psychological Stress in Military Personnel. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809003. [PMID: 35369170 PMCID: PMC8966027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel often perform complex cognitive operations under unique conditions of intense stress. This requirement to perform diverse physical and mental tasks under stress, often with high stakes, has led to recognition of the term ‘tactical athlete’ for these performers. Impaired cognitive performance as a result of this stress may have serious implications for the success of military operations and the well-being of military service men and women, particularly in combat scenarios. Therefore, understanding the nature of the stress experienced by military personnel and the resilience of cognitive functioning to this stress is of great importance. This review synthesises the current state of the literature regarding cognitive resilience to psychological stress in tactical athletes. The experience of psychological stress in military personnel is considered through the lens of the Transactional Theory of stress, while offering contemporary updates and new insights. Models of the effects of stress on cognitive performance are then reviewed to highlight the complexity of this interaction before considering recent advancements in the preparation of military personnel for the enhancement of cognitive resilience. Several areas for future research are identified throughout the review, emphasising the need for the wider use of self-report measures and mixed methods approaches to better reflect the subjective experience of stress and its impact on the performance of cognitive operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Flood
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard J Keegan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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Bermejo JL, Valldecabres R, Villarrasa-Sapiña I, Monfort-Torres G, Marco-Ahulló A, Ribeiro Do Couto B. Increased cortisol levels caused by acute resistance physical exercise impair memory and learning ability. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13000. [PMID: 35345590 PMCID: PMC8957269 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physical exercise works as an activator of the responses of the human organism to stress. This is based on the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting physical, physiological and psychological levels. This study aimed to analyse the effects of a single bout of high-intensity resistance exercise on cognitive-behavioural responses: visuo-spatial path learning and memory, as well as physiological responses (salivary cortisol levels). Nineteen healthy male military-trained powerlifting subjects were tested in a within-subject design on two experimental days with an interval of 48 h. The stress and cognitive variables were measured by cortisol levels and Ruff-Light trail-learning test (RULIT) test scores, respectively. The results showed the immediate influence of acute exercise on cortisol, with significantly higher cortisol levels found in subjects after completion of the acute resistance exercise. In addition, this study found a significant deterioration of memory and learning ability after a dose of intense resistance exercise. In conclusion, the study highlights the relative effects of resistance exercise on cortisol and cognitive performance depending on the intensity and type of the exercise, the moment of measurement and the cerebral areas implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Bermejo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Human Movement Analysis Research Group - HuMAG (GIUV2016-306), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Valldecabres
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Faculty of Education, Valencia International University - VIU, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Monfort-Torres
- Human Movement Analysis Research Group - HuMAG (GIUV2016-306), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Unidad de Educación, Florida Universitaria, Catarroja, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrià Marco-Ahulló
- Departamento de Neuropsicología, metodología, psicología social y básica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Católica de Valencia
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Koutsimani P, Montgomery A. Cognitive functioning in non-clinical burnout: Using cognitive tasks to disentangle the relationship in a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:978566. [PMID: 36061283 PMCID: PMC9428402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.978566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is often characterized by cognitive deficits and it has been associated with depression and anxiety. However, it is not clear whether cognitive impairment is a burnout consequence or employees with poor cognitive skills are more prone in developing burnout. Moreover, the exact nature of the association between burnout and depression, and burnout and anxiety is still unknown. Depression and anxiety are also related to cognitive impairments but their prospective associations are not fully understood. The aim of the present three-wave longitudinal study was to investigate the causality between cognitive functioning, burnout, depression, and anxiety among non-clinical burnout employees. The cause-effect associations of burnout with depression and anxiety were also explored. Perceived family support as a protective factor against cognitive decline, burnout, depression and anxiety was examined as well. A wide range of cognitive tasks tapping different cognitive domains were administered to employees of the general working population. Burnout, depression, anxiety, and perceived family support were assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Present results suggest that visuospatial functioning deficits are a burnout consequence and they indicate the role of automatic processing skills and executive functions in burnout onset. Additionally, current findings support that burnout is differentiated from depression and anxiety but it is reciprocally associated with the two psychological phenomena. Lastly, current results support the inclusion of perceived family support as an intervention to help individuals who suffer from mental health and cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Koutsimani
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Koutsimani P, Montgomery A. Burnout and Cognitive Functioning: Are We Underestimating the Role of Visuospatial Functions? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:775606. [PMID: 35401261 PMCID: PMC8983930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.775606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Job burnout is a psychological syndrome which results from chronic occupational stress and cognitive impairments are among its negative consequences. The demands of the COVID-19 pandemic have challenged the healthcare system increasing the risk of job burnout among healthcare professionals. The studies conducted so far have mainly focused on the effects of job burnout on executive functions. Visuospatial functions are a cognitive domain which plays an important role in healthcare workers' optimal performance. Healthcare workers are constantly relying on their visuospatial abilities in order to care for their patients as they are required to use techniques that involve manipulation of medical instruments, they need to have excellent hand-eye coordination and great perception of spatial anatomy, factors that can affect healthcare workers' performance is of significance and can put patient safety at risk. However, our understanding of how visuospatial functions are being affected in job burnout is limited. The scope of this mini-review is to examine the evidence concerning the relationship of job burnout with visuospatial functions. The sparsity of the relevant empirical evidence does not allow for definite conclusions. However, given the implications of diminished visuospatial abilities in patient safety we highlight the need for studies exploring the effects of job burnout on visuospatial functions. Limitations of studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Koutsimani
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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7
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Vestberg T, Tedeholm PG, Ingvar M, Larsson AC, Petrovic P. Executive Functions of Swedish Counterterror Intervention Unit Applicants and Police Officer Trainees Evaluated With Design Fluency Test. Front Psychol 2021; 12:580463. [PMID: 34113276 PMCID: PMC8185326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) represent higher order top-down mechanisms regulating information processing. While suboptimal EF have been studied in various patient groups, their impact on successful behavior is still not well described. Previously, it has been suggested that design fluency (DF)-a test including several simultaneous EF components mainly related to fluency, cognitive flexibility, and creativity-predicts successful behavior in a quickly changing environment where fast and dynamic adaptions are required, such as ball sports. We hypothesized that similar behaviors are of importance in the selection process of elite police force applicants. To test this hypothesis, we compared elite police force applicants (n = 45) with a control group of police officer trainees (n = 30). Although both groups were better than the norm, the elite police force applicants had a significantly better performance in DF total correct when adjusting for sex and age [F(1,71) = 18.98, p < 0.001]. To understand how this capacity was altered by stress and tiredness, we re-tested the elite police force applicants several days during an extreme field assessment lasting 10 days. The results suggested that there was a lower than expected improvement in DF total correct and a decline in the DF3-subtest that includes a larger component of cognitive flexibility than the other subtests (DF1 and DF2). Although there was a positive correlation between the baseline session and the re-test in DF3 [r(40) = 0.49, p = 0.001], the applicants having the highest scores in the baseline test also displayed the largest percentage decline in the re-test [r(40) = -0.46, p = 0.003]. In conclusion, our result suggests that higher order EF (HEF) that include cognitive flexibility and creativity are of importance in the application for becoming an elite police officer but relatively compromised in a stressful situation. Moreover, as the decline is different between the individuals, the results suggest that applicants should be tested during baseline conditions and during stressful conditions to describe their cognitive capacity fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Vestberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter G. Tedeholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta C. Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuropsychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Aldossari M, Chaudhry S. Women and burnout in the context of a pandemic. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh Business School Edinburgh UK
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9
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Koutsimani P, Montgomery A, Masoura E, Panagopoulou E. Burnout and Cognitive Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042145. [PMID: 33671754 PMCID: PMC7926785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and cognitive functioning. The associations of depression, anxiety and family support with burnout and cognitive functioning were also examined both independently and as potential moderators of the burnout–cognitive functioning relationship. Seven different cognitive tasks were administered to employees of the general working population and five cognitive domains were assessed; i.e., executive functions, working memory, memory (episodic, visuospatial, prospective), attention/speed of processing and visuospatial abilities. Burnout, depression, anxiety and family support were assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Family Support Scale respectively. In congruence with the first and fourth (partially) Hypotheses, burnout and perceived family support are significantly associated with some aspects of cognitive functioning. Moreover, in line with the third Hypothesis, perceived family support is inversely related to burnout. However, in contrast to the second and fourth Hypotheses, depression, anxiety and perceived family support do not moderate the burnout–cognitive functioning relationship. Additional results reveal positive associations between burnout depression and anxiety. Overall findings suggest that cognitive deficits, depression and anxiety appear to be common in burnout while they underpin the role of perceived family support in both mental health and cognitive functioning. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Koutsimani
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-891-308
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elvira Masoura
- Department of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Efharis Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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10
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van Dijk DM, van Rhenen W, Murre JMJ, Verwijk E. Cognitive functioning, sleep quality, and work performance in non-clinical burnout: The role of working memory. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231906. [PMID: 32325479 PMCID: PMC7180070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between cognitive functioning, work performance, and sleep in non-clinical burnout. In a working population, an online survey was conducted with additional online neuropsychological tests of varying complexity, measuring attention and different components of working memory, of which the coordinating subcomponent the ‘Central Executive’ is thought to be the most vulnerable to stress. Results indicate that non-clinical burnout is associated with more—though not severe—sleep problems, more depressive complaints, impaired work performance, and with both subjective and objective cognitive impairments. Compared with healthy respondents (N = 107), people with non-clinical burnout (N = 17) had a significantly poorer performance on the tests of the visuospatial sketchpad and the Central Executive of the working memory. Our study also indicates that more complex tests may be more sensitive in detecting cognitive dysfunction in non-clinical burnout. Furthermore, a relationship was found between dual-task performance and work performance. Regarding to sleep quality, in our sample of people with non-clinical burnout, there were no severe sleep problems. In the entire sample, however, insomnia was significantly related to subjective, but not objective, cognitive functioning, and also not to work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dela M. van Dijk
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arbo Unie, Occupational Health and Safety Service, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Willem van Rhenen
- Arbo Unie, Occupational Health and Safety Service, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. Murre
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée Verwijk
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Riedrich K, Weiss EM, Dalkner N, Reininghaus E, Papousek I, Schwerdtfeger A, Lackner HK, Reininghaus B. [Cognitive impairments accompanying the burnout syndrome - a review]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2017; 31:24-31. [PMID: 28251576 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-017-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of the burnout syndrome has increasingly moved it into the focus of scientific interest. In addition to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, particularly reduced personal accomplishment has strong societal and economic effects. In recent years reduced personal accomplishment has increasingly been linked to cognitive impairment. However, up to now only a few studies have objectively assessed cognitive deficits in burnout patients. This article gives an overview of 16 studies which examined cognitive abilities in burnout patients. The findings are partly contradictory, probably due to methodical differences. Consensus has emerged concerning impairments of executive functions, i.a. vigilance, and memory updating and monitoring. Multifactorial causation may underlie the cognitive impairments. OUTLOOK Targeted longitudinal studies are necessary in order to identify the affected cognitive functions and be able to make causal inferences on links between the burnout syndrome and specific cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Riedrich
- Therapiezentrum Justuspark BVA, Bad Hall, Linzer Straße 7, 4540, Bad Hall, Österreich. .,Abteilung für Biologische Psychologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Österreich.
| | - Elisabeth M Weiss
- Abteilung für Biologische Psychologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Österreich
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Ilona Papousek
- Abteilung für Biologische Psychologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Österreich
| | - Andreas Schwerdtfeger
- Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Österreich
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Therapiezentrum Justuspark BVA, Bad Hall, Linzer Straße 7, 4540, Bad Hall, Österreich
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Rubio C, Osca A, Recio P, Urien B, Peiró JM. Work-family conflict, self-efficacy, and emotional exhaustion: A test of longitudinal effects. JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpto.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Uemura K, Ando H, Suzuki T. Self-reported Exhaustion is Associated with Small Life Space in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:1979-83. [PMID: 25540512 PMCID: PMC4273072 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Older adults experience exhaustion-induced health problems, such as poor
physical function and low physical activity levels. The associations between self-reported
exhaustion and physical function and activity are not clear in older adults with mild
cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships
between self-reported exhaustion and physical function and activity in older adults with
mild cognitive impairment. [Subjects] A total of 356 older adults with mild cognitive
impairment (mean age = 71.6 ± 0.3 years, 50.8% women) were included in this study.
[Methods] Self-reported exhaustion was identified by one item from the Study of
Osteoporotic Fractures index. Gait speed, gait endurance, and life space were also
assessed. [Results] Sixty-two participants reported having exhaustion, giving a 17.4%
prevalence of self-reported exhaustion among these individuals. Logistic regression
analysis showed that the Life-Space Assessment score was the only parameter significantly
independently associated with exhaustion status (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence
interval 0.95–0.99). [Conclusion] These results suggest that self-reported exhaustion is
associated with life space. Future research is needed to identify ways for older people
with MCI to improve their exhaustion status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan ; Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemura
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
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14
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Morgan CA, Taylor MK. Spontaneous and deliberate dissociative states in military personnel: are such states helpful? J Trauma Stress 2013; 26:492-7. [PMID: 23893559 DOI: 10.1002/jts.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored distinctions between spontaneous and deliberate dissociative states in 335 military personnel exposed to stressful survival training. Participants completed the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) after a stressful mock-captivity event. They were also asked to indicate whether the dissociative experiences just happened (i.e., spontaneous), or whether they chose to have them happen (i.e., deliberate); and whether they appraised the dissociative experience as helpful (i.e., facilitative) or hurtful (i.e., debilitative) to their ability to cope with the stressful event. A majority (95.4%) endorsed dissociative states during stress. More than half (57.4%) described dissociative experiences as spontaneous, 13.0% as deliberate, and 29.5% endorsed neither. In Special Forces soldiers only, those who endorsed facilitative dissociation exhibited higher total CADSS scores than those who endorsed debilitative dissociation. Seventy-three percent of spontaneous dissociators described the experience as debilitative to coping with stress; conversely, 76% of deliberate dissociators said these experiences facilitated coping with stress. Individuals with prior trauma exposure tended to appraise dissociative states as more debilitative to coping. This research may enhance the fidelity of studies of dissociation constructs and may offer pivot points for prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders.
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