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Al Hourani H, Alkhatib B, Al-Shami I, Olaimat AN, Al-Holy M, Al-Awwad NJ, Abughoush M, Saleh NA, AlHalaika D, Alboqai O, Al-Jawaldeh A. Energy and macronutrient intakes in Jordan: a population study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12736. [PMID: 37543630 PMCID: PMC10404255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jordan has never conducted a nutrition survey to determine nutrient and energy intakes. The current study aimed to describe the energy and macronutrient consumed by the Jordanian population. A cross-sectional food consumption study was conducted, including a sample of Jordanians using two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-h DR) between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 2145 males and females aged 8 to 85 years old living in households were studied. The average of two 24-h DRs for each individual was converted into energy and nutrient intakes. After measuring weight, height, and waist circumference, the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The percentage of under-reporters was higher in women than men (58.2% vs. 45.9%). Adults and older adult women had the highest prevalence of obesity (29.6%), while adults and older adult men had the highest prevalence of overweight (41.4%). There is a significant increase in energy intake in children, boys, and all adults, compared to the recommended calories. The mean energy percentage (E %) of total fat was 38%, exceeding the upper limit of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). At the same time, the mean daily dietary fiber intake fell below the recommended levels (ranging from 13.5 g in children to 19.5 g in older adults). The study population consumes more fat and less fiber than the recommended levels. Actions must be taken across all age groups to correct the deviation of energy and macronutrient intakes from the recommended dietary allowances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Murad Al-Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Abughoush
- Science of Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, 64141, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dima AlHalaika
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Omar Alboqai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Sciences, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, 7608, Egypt
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Oliveira N, Canella DS. Trend of minimally processed and ultra-processed beverages purchased in Brazilian households: Less milk and much soft drink (2002-2003 to 2017-2018). Front Public Health 2022; 10:956142. [PMID: 36408053 PMCID: PMC9669963 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.956142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of ultra-processed beverages, including sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened ones, is associated with several health problems, which is different considering minimally processed beverages. The objective of this study was to assess the trends in the volume of minimally and ultra-processed beverages purchased for consumption in Brazilian households and their relationship with the proportion of dietary energy derived from ultra-processed foods and beverages. Drawing on data from the nationwide 2002-03, 2008-09, and 2017-18 Household Budget Surveys, the daily volume of beverages purchased per capita (milligrams) was investigated. The minimally processed beverages purchased declined over the period [2002-2003: x ¯ 156.5 ml (95%CI: 148.3-164.8); 2017-2018: x ¯ 101.6 ml (95%CI: 98.1-105.1)] and ultra-processed beverages were stable [2002-03: x ¯ 117.9 ml (95%CI: 108.1-127.7); 2017-18: x ¯ 122.8 (95%CI: 111.2-134.4)]. The most purchased beverage in 2002-2003 was milk [ x ¯ : 154.7 ml (95%CI: 146.4-162.9)], while in 2017-2018 regular soft drinks were the most purchased [ x ¯ : 110.7 ml (95%CI: 99.2-122.2)]. There was a decrease in the purchase of whole and skimmed milk and an increase in the purchase of other ultra-processed beverages between the periods. With the increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods and beverages in the diet, the volume of ultra-processed beverage purchases rose and minimally processed beverages declined. The monitoring of beverage consumption and the implementation of public policies, such as taxation on ultra-processed beverages, are essential to promote improvements in health and curbing non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Canella
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Daniela Silva Canella
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3
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Development of a Caffeine Content Table for Foods, Drinks, Medications and Supplements Typically Consumed by the Brazilian Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204417. [PMID: 36297100 PMCID: PMC9608580 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lack of a national table informing the caffeine contents in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications sold in Brazil added to the noncompulsory disclosure of caffeine contents on labels of food products makes it difficult to estimate caffeine consumption in the Brazilian population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Brazilian Caffeine Content Table (BraCaffT). Methods: A systematic search for caffeine levels in foods, drinks, recipes, supplements, and medications was performed through a literature review, afterward collecting data from the United States Department of Agriculture Food Data Central, information from manufacturers’ and websites, and the Brazilian official medication guide. Subsequently, data systematization was performed in a spreadsheet with standardized values presented in mg of caffeine per 100 g or 100 mL of food or drink and a capsule or pill for medications and some dietary supplements. Results: The BraCaffT presents 57 items, divided into 11 categories: coffees, teas and infusions, cocoa powder, chocolates, cocoa-based beverages, desserts, soft drinks, energy drinks, guaraná powder, dietary supplements, and medications. Conclusions: The BraCaffT emerges as an instrument of great relevance and wide applicability in clinical contexts, in academic research, and as a database for the Brazilian population to better understand the amounts of caffeine in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications consumed daily favoring a safe intake.
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Gómez-Miranda LM, Briones-Villalba RÁ, Ortiz-Ortiz M, Aburto-Corona JA, Bonilla DA, Pozos-Parra P, Espinoza-Gutiérrez R, Calleja-Núñez JJ, Moncada-Jiménez J, Hernández-Lepe MA. Association between Body Mass Index with Sugar-Sweetened and Dairy Beverages Consumption in Children from the Mexico-USA Border. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116403. [PMID: 35681988 PMCID: PMC9180521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to describe consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages and to evaluate their correlation with the body mass index in children residing at the Mexico−USA border. A total of 722 (370 girls, 352 boys) elementary school children aged 9 to 12 years from Tijuana, Mexico, participated in the study. Anthropometric measures were recorded, and a beverage intake questionnaire was completed by the children’s parents. Significant age by sex interactions were found on body mass index Z-scores (p < 0.01). Boys showed higher sugar intake (p < 0.05) and total relative energy consumption from sugar (p < 0.05) than girls. The energy consumption from sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages was similar between sexes (p > 0.05). Sugar intake from beverages was higher than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization in boys (66%) and girls (44%). A high frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and similar intake of dairy beverages were found in children from the Mexico−USA border. The high consumption of sugar exceeds international recommendations and should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mario Gómez-Miranda
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Ángel Briones-Villalba
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - Melinna Ortiz-Ortiz
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - Jorge Alberto Aburto-Corona
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia;
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pilar Pozos-Parra
- Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Espinoza-Gutiérrez
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - Juan José Calleja-Núñez
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; (L.M.G.-M.); (R.Á.B.-V.); (M.O.-O.); (J.A.A.-C.); (R.E.-G.); (J.J.C.-N.)
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose 11501, Costa Rica;
| | - Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe
- Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-664-357-1502
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5
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Maia EG, Passos CMD, Granado FS, Levy RB, Claro RM. Replacing ultra-processed foods with fresh foods to meet the dietary recomendations: a matter of cost? CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 37Suppl 1:e00107220. [PMID: 35019047 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the economic impact of the adoption of optimized and nutritionally balanced diets to Brazilian families, considering the Brazilian dietary guidelines and the economic disparities of the population. Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey from 2008-2009 (550 strata; 55,970 households) were used. About 1,700 foods and beverages purchased by the Brazilians were classified into 4 groups according to NOVA system. Linear programming models estimated isoenergetic diets preserving the current diet as baseline and optimizing healthier diets gradually based on the "golden rule" of the Brazilian dietary guidelines, respecting nutritional restrictions for macronutrients and micronutrients (based on international recommendations) and food acceptance limits (10th and 90th percentiles of the per capita calorie distribution from the population). The diet cost was defined based on the sum of the average cost of each food group, both in the current and optimized diets (BRL per 2,000Kcal/person/day). The economic impact of the Brazilian dietary guidelines to Brazilian household budget was analyzed by comparison the cost of the optimized diets to the cost of the current diet, calculated for the total population and by income level. Three healthier diets were optimized. Current diet cost was BRL 3.37, differed among low- and high-income strata (BRL 2.62 and BRL 4.17, respectively). Regardless of income, diet cost decreased when approaching the guidelines. However, low-income strata compromised their household budget more than two times the high-income strata (20.2% and 7.96%, respectively). Thus, the adoption of healthier eating practices can be performed with the same or lower budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella Gomes Maia
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Camila Mendes Dos Passos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
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6
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Siqueira JH, Santana NMT, Pereira TSS, Moreira AD, Benseñor IM, Barreto SM, Velasquez-Melendez G, Molina MDCB. Consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages: ELSA-Brasil results. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:3825-3837. [PMID: 34468676 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.30682019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to describe the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages according to sociodemographic, health and location variables. Cross-sectional study with ELSA-Brasil data (2008-2010). A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, food, health data and anthropometry. Descriptive analysis and association with variables of interest were carried out. In the sample, 8% of the total caloric value comes from non-alcoholic beverages (5.6%: sugary drinks), and 4% from alcoholic beverages (2.7%: beer). Consumers of unsweetened and artificially sweetened beverages reported moderate/strong physical activity, former smokers and higher education. The opposite was true for sugary drinks. Eutrophic people reported higher consumption of sugary drinks and those obese, artificially sweetened and beer. Alcohol consumption varied with age (young: beer; elderly: wine/spirits) and education (low education: beer/spirits; higher education: wine). Coffee, natural juice and soda were the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages and beer was the most prevalent alcoholic beverage. Consumption variation was observed according to geographic location. The consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages is high in Brazil and public health strategies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Herzog Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Bonfim. 29047-105 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | | | | | - Alexandra Dias Moreira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Bonfim. 29047-105 Vitória ES Brasil.
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7
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Mendes GF, Reis CEG, Nakano EY, Zandonadi RP. Brief Version of Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire in Brazil. Front Nutr 2021; 8:695385. [PMID: 34277689 PMCID: PMC8277974 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.695385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of extensive questionnaires has the limitation of filling time bias, related to the ability to focus and accurately respond to many items, justifying the necessity for a brief version. This study aimed to build a brief version of the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire in Brazil (B-CaffEQ-BR) composed of 21 items divided into seven factors, with as adequate consistency and reproducibility as the full version. Quantitative procedures using statistical modeling were applied using the CaffEQ-BR (full version) database keeping the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (based on the full version) <0.5 and Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ≥0.7. The expert panel (n = 3), in a blind design, evaluated the semantic structuring within the options indicated by previous statistical modeling until the agreement of the expert panel. The participants (n = 62), Brazilian adults who were regular caffeine consumers (175.8 ± 94.4 mg/day), of whom 62.9% were women, 33.1 ± 9.7 years, 24.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and 62.9% of whom self-identified as white, were asked to respond twice to the online questionnaire in 48-72 h. The first sample (n = 40) tested interobserver reproducibility with the double application of B-CaffEQ-BR. Another sample (n = 22) answered the CaffEQ-BR (full version) and B-CaffEQ-BR, and the last sample (n = 18) performed the reverse process. The B-CaffEQ-BR presented excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.729) and overall reproducibility (ICC ≥ 0.915) for the entire questionnaire and its seven factors. The B-CaffEQ-BR can be a valuable tool in caffeine research with the Brazilian adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Falcão Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Statistics, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
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8
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Gan Q, Xu P, Yang T, Cao W, Xu J, Li L, Pan H, Zhao W, Zhang Q. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Status and Its Association with Childhood Obesity among Chinese Children Aged 6-17 Years. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072211. [PMID: 34199097 PMCID: PMC8308281 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is a remarkable growth in sugar-sweetened (SSB) production and obesity prevalence among school-aged children in China. This paper describes SSB consumption and its association with obesity among Chinese children aged 6–17 years in 2012. Methods: in total, 25,553 children aged 6~17 years enrolled in the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010–2013 were included in this study. Data of SSB consumption frequency and quantity were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, and the children’s nutritional status was assessed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SSB consumption and obesity status. Results: SSB intake was estimated as 181.0 g/day, occurring 2.2 times/week. Older children, males, children from urban areas, and children with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to consume SSBs. Children who consumed SSBs 1~<5 times/week (11.7%) and >5 times/week (12.9%) were more likely to be overweight/obesity than those who consumed SSBs less than once/week. Conclusion: SSB consumption was common among Chinese school-aged children, especially among males, older children, and children from urban areas. High consumption of SSBs was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Actions and plans are required to reduce SSB consumption and control childhood obesity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6623-7133
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9
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Ooi JY, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, Nathan N, Oldmeadow C, Mclaughlin M, Barnes C, Hall A, Vanderlee L, Yoong SL. A Systematic Review of the Recent Consumption Levels of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Children and Adolescents From the World Health Organization Regions With High Dietary-Related Burden of Disease. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 34:11-24. [PMID: 34013784 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211014642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to investigate national estimates of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from countries in regions particularly burdened by dietary-related chronic illnesses. The most recent studies or reports from included countries (n = 73) with national-level consumption data of SSBs in children and adolescents, collected between January 2010 and October 2019, were considered for inclusion. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of the mean consumption of SSB in millimeters per day. Heterogeneity between national estimates was assessed using the I2 statistic and explored via subgroup analyses by the World Health Organization region, age groups, and country-level income. Forty-eight studies were included in the review reporting national estimates of consumption for 51 countries. The highest estimate of daily consumption was in China at 710.0 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 698.8-721.2), while the lowest was in Australia at 115.1 mL (95% CI = 111.2-119.1). Pooled synthesis of daily SSB consumption of the 51 countries was 326.0 mL (95% CI = 288.3-363.8), although heterogeneity was high, and was not explained by subgroup analyses. While there is considerable variability between countries, intake of SSB remains high among children and adolescents internationally underscoring the need for public health efforts to reduce SSBs consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Ooi
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Mclaughlin
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alix Hall
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Mendes GF, Reis CEG, Nakano EY, da Costa THM, Saunders B, Zandonadi RP. Translation and Validation of the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire in Brazil (CaffEQ-BR). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2248. [PMID: 32731330 PMCID: PMC7468745 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the world's most commonly used stimulant of the central nervous system. Caffeine is present in coffee and other beverages such as tea, soft drinks, and cocoa-based foods. The caffeine expectancy questionnaire was developed to investigate the effects of caffeine expectations and thus contribute to knowledge about its usage and subjective effects (response expectancies). This study aimed to evaluate caffeine expectation psychometrically in a sample of the Brazilian population. The original version of the "Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ)" was translated and validated into Brazilian-Portuguese and adapted to Brazilian culture to be used in the Brazilian adult (19-59 y) population. After the translation and back-translation processes of the original CaffEQ questionnaire, the content and semantic validation were performed by a group of experts. The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the questionnaire consists of 47 items, in seven factors, which assess subjective perceptions about the effects of caffeine. Interobserver reproducibility and internal consistency of the questionnaire were tested with a convenience sample (n = 50) of Brazilian adult consumers of caffeine sources, who completed the Brazilian CaffEQ (CaffEQ-BR) on two occasions separated by 24 h. All of the 47 questions were adequate regarding reliability, clarity, and comprehension. Psychometric properties could be replicated consistently. Appropriate internal consistency and validation were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α) 0.948, and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.976 was observed. The CaffEQ-BR was applied using a web-based platform to a convenience sample of Brazilian adults from all 27 Brazilian states (n = 4202 participants), along with measures of sociodemographic and caffeine consumption data. Factor validity was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The seven factors presented a good fit for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation-RMSEA = 0.0332 (95% CI: 0.0290-0.0375). By confirming the validity and reliability of CaffEQ-BR, a useful tool is now available to assess caffeine expectations in the Brazilian adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Falcão Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.E.G.R.); (T.H.M.d.C.)
| | - Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.E.G.R.); (T.H.M.d.C.)
| | - Eduardo Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Statistics, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.E.G.R.); (T.H.M.d.C.)
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil; (C.E.G.R.); (T.H.M.d.C.)
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11
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Role of different nutrient profiling models in identifying targeted foods for front-of-package food labelling in Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1514-1525. [PMID: 32515717 PMCID: PMC8025091 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019005056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the degree of strictness and agreement of different nutrient profiling models (NPM) used to identify which foods would be required to show front-of-package (FOP) warning labels. Design: Using data of 11 434 packaged foods found in the five largest food retailers in Brazil, we used two published NPM: the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) model and the NPM used in the Chilean nutritional FOP labelling policy, and compared them with a NPM proposed by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). The proportion of foods that would be required to show FOP warning labels was calculated overall and by food category. We also tested whether a modified version of the PAHO NPM would behave similarly to the original version. Setting: Brazil. Results: Two-thirds of the packaged products (62 %) would receive FOP warning labels under the PAHO NPM, as compared with 45 % of products using the proposed Anvisa NPM and 41 % if the Chilean NPM was applied. The PAHO NPM identified more foods high in critical nutrients such as sweetened dairy and non-dairy beverages, canned vegetables and convenience foods. Overall agreement between models was considered good with kappa coefficient ranging from 0·57 to 0·92 but was lower for some food categories. Conclusions: We found variations in the degree of strictness and agreement between assessed NPM. The PAHO NPM identified more foods and beverages high in sugar which are among the top contributors to sugar and energy intake in Brazil.
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Christofaro DGD, Tebar WR, Mota J, Fernandes RA, Scarabottolo CC, Saraiva BTC, Delfino LD, de Andrade SM. Gender Analyses of Brazilian Parental Eating and Activity With Their Adolescents' Eating Habits. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:503-511. [PMID: 31699617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between the eating habits of sons and daughters and the eating habits, sedentary behavior, and physical activity of their fathers and mothers. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of adolescents. SETTING The 6 largest schools in Londrina, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS A total of 842 adolescents, 842 mothers, and 842 fathers participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Eating habits of adolescents and sedentary behavior, physical activity, and eating habits of their fathers and mothers, measured by questionnaire. ANALYSIS The associations were identified by binary logistic regression, adjusted by adolescent's age, family's socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, and the other parental behavior. RESULTS Independent of educational level and socioeconomic condition, mothers' eating behaviors seem to be more closely related to their adolescent children's eating behavior (vegetables, fruits, fried foods, soft drinks, and sweets [P = .001]) than fathers' behaviors (fried foods and sweets [P = .01], soft drinks [P = .001]). In addition, the behaviors of mothers were more associated to the behaviors of daughters than to the behaviors of sons (7 vs 5 associated behaviors), while behaviors of fathers were more associated with the behaviors of sons than to the behaviors of daughters (4 vs 2 associated behaviors). No associations were noted for sedentary and physical activity behavior and eating behaviors between adolescents and their parents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Many eating habits of adolescents were associated with eating habits of both fathers and mothers, emphasizing the importance of family-focused health promotion actions. Future research is needed incorporating into the analyses, among others, the nutritional statuses and the clustering of healthy and unhealthy behaviors of parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G D Christofaro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - William R Tebar
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Catarina C Scarabottolo
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Bruna T Ciccotti Saraiva
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Leandro D Delfino
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Selma M de Andrade
- Department of Public Health, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Contribution of 100% Fruit Juice to Micronutrient Intakes in the United States, United Kingdom and Brazil. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051258. [PMID: 32354175 PMCID: PMC7282014 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of 100% fruit juice (FJ) to the total daily intakes of energy, sugars, and select vitamins and minerals and to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake (AI) of these micronutrients was assessed in individuals reporting the consumption of 100% FJ in the national dietary intake surveys of the United States (U.S.; n = 8661), the United Kingdom (UK; n = 2546) and Brazil (n = 34,003). Associations of 100% FJ intake with the odds of being overweight or obese also were assessed. Data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014), the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012–2014), and Brazil’s Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008–2009) were used, and all analyses were limited to individuals reporting consumption of 100% FJ on at least one day of the dietary intake survey. Approximately 34%, 37%, and 42% of individuals surveyed reported the consumption of 100% FJ on at least one day of the dietary intake survey in the U.S., UK, and Brazil, respectively, and the average daily intakes of 100% FJ were 184 g, 130 g, and 249 g, respectively. Across the 3 countries, 100% FJ contributed to 3–6% of total energy intakes, 12–31% of total sugar intakes, 21–54% of total vitamin C intakes, 1–12% of total vitamin A intakes, 4–15% of total folate intakes, 7–17% of total potassium intakes, 2–7% of total calcium intakes, and 4–12% of total magnesium intakes. In a multivariate logistic regression model, juice intake was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of being overweight or obese in UK adults (OR = 0.79; 0.63, 0.99), and significant increases in the odds of being overweight or obese in UK children (OR = 1.16; 1.01, 1.33) and Brazilian adults (OR = 1.04; 1.00, 1.09). Nutrient contributions of 100% FJ vary according to regional intake levels. In all three countries studied, 100% FJ contributed to more than 5% of the RDAs for vitamin C and folate. In the U.S. and Brazil, 100% FJ contributed to more than 5% of the RDA for magnesium and more than 5% of the AI for potassium.
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Fischer GA, Romanos GE. Metal Ion Accumulation on Denture Teeth Following Exposure to Chlorhexidine and Different Drinks: A Spectrometric Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13092021. [PMID: 32357401 PMCID: PMC7254267 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Denture teeth are used for removable prostheses and implant-supportive restorations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface of artificial teeth following exposure to different liquids. Mechanical wear and the cleaning of artificial teeth were also investigated. Two groups of resin teeth were used; original surface (Group A) and surface abrasion/wear (Group B). The teeth were exposed for 24 h to water (control), cola (Group 1), coffee (Group 2), tea (Group 3), chlorhexidine (Group 4), and red wine (Group 5). Baseline measurements of liquids were taken. An x-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis was performed. Data were evaluated using semi-quantitative descriptive analysis. The data showed approximate increases of peak intensity for Group A1-2-fold Fe, 2-fold Ni, 2.2-fold Zn; for Groups A2 and A3- less than 1.5-fold Fe, Ni, and Zn. Group B yielded similar results; however, the increases in Fe, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 (ranged 2-4-fold increases in intensity). Group B3 showed little increase in Fe, Ni, and Zn. Groups A4 and A5 showed intensity increases for Zn. Groups A1-A5 showed reductions in intensity following 30 s of cleaning. A pronounced accumulation of iron, nickel, and zinc was found after exposure to liquids, especially when artificial teeth were worn down. Peak intensities were reduced following 30 s of brushing.
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Fontes AS, Pallottini AC, Vieira DADS, Fontanelli MDM, Marchioni DM, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, Goldbaum M, Fisberg RM. Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200003. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population. Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more. SSB were classified into six groups: sugar-sweetened sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened milk and dairy products, sweetened fruit juice, sweetened fruit drink, and total SSB. The association of each group with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables was assessed using linear regression models. Results: The mean SSB intake was 668.4 mL in adolescents, 502.6 mL in adults, and 358.2 mL in elderly adults. Sodas and sweetened coffee and tea represented had the greatest contribution to energy intake. SSB consumption was lower among female sex and higher among overweight adolescents, among sufficiently active adults, and among lower household per capita income older adults. Consumption of SSB was high, particularly among adolescents. Public policies are required in order to decrease the consumption of these beverages. Conclusion: Age group, sex, household per capita income, and body mass index status were associated with SSB intake.
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Duran AC, Ricardo CZ, Mais LA, Martins APB, Taillie LS. Conflicting Messages on Food and Beverage Packages: Front-of-Package Nutritional Labeling, Health and Nutrition Claims in Brazil. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2967. [PMID: 31817330 PMCID: PMC6950677 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the prevalence of front-of-package (FoP) claims in the Brazilian packaged food supply and examined whether foods with claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients. Using data from a random 30% subsample of 11,434 foods and beverages collected in the five largest food retailers in Brazil in 2017 (n = 3491), we classified claims into nutrition, health, and environment. We examined whether foods with claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients using 95% confidence intervals. Claims were found in 41.2% of the products. Nutrition claims were the most prevalent (28.5%), followed by health (22.1%), and environment-related claims (5.2%). More than 85% of the breakfast cereals, granola bars, and nectars contained claims, which were found in 51% of the dairy beverages. Foods with nutrition claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients (65.3%; 95% CI 62.3, 68.2% vs. 54.1% 95% CI 52.1, 56.0). Products with health (52.9%; 95% CI 49.3, 56.4% vs. 58.5%; 95% CI 56.6, 60.3) and environment-related claims (33.5%; 95% CI 27.0, 40.8% vs. 58.6%; 95% CI 56.9, 60.2%) were less likely to be high in critical nutrients. FoP claims are prevalent in Brazil, and nutrition claims are more likely to have a poorer nutritional profile. Policymakers should consider restricting the presence of claims on unhealthy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Duran
- Center for Food Studies (NEPA), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (C.Z.R.); (A.P.B.M.)
| | - Camila Zancheta Ricardo
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (C.Z.R.); (A.P.B.M.)
| | - Laís Amaral Mais
- Brazilian Institute for Consumers Defense (IDEC), Sao Paulo 05002-000, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (C.Z.R.); (A.P.B.M.)
- Brazilian Institute for Consumers Defense (IDEC), Sao Paulo 05002-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
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Nogueira JSP, Lins-Filho PC, Dias MF, Silva MF, Guimarães RP. Does comsumption of staining drinks compromise the result of tooth whitening? J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e1012-e1017. [PMID: 31700575 PMCID: PMC6825736 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After dental bleaching procedures dentists commonly advise patients to reduce the consumption of beverages that may cause the teeth to stain, however, the effectiveness of teeth whitening may not be directly affected by diet. Material and Methods It was evaluated through in vitro study whether contact with dyes through in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide would influence the effectiveness of treatment. Sixty bovine incisors were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 12) according to contact frequency and type of dye solutions. All dental elements received three in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide one week apart. Except for GCTRL (control), all experimental groups were submerged in dyes (coffee or wine) for 5 min once a day. In groups GC24 and GW24 contact with the dyes was made from 24 hours after each bleaching session, while in groups GC72 and GW72, from 72 hours. The color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. Data were expressed as statistics: mean and standard deviation. Results Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide did not influence the staining averages after three bleaching sessions. The speed of the whitening effect was influenced by contact with coffee from 24 hours after the sessions and with wine from 24 hours and 72 hours after the whitening session. The whitening result was reversed after one week for all groups, especially for groups that came in contact with red wine either 24 hours or 72 hours after session and coffee after 24 hours. Conclusions Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment did not influence the final staining averages after three bleaching sessions although there was influence on speed of the whitening effect between the sessions. Key words:Tooth bleaching, hydrogen peroxide, spectrophotometry.
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Abstract
AbstractObjective:To describe out-of-home consumption according to the purpose and extent of industrial processing and also evaluate the association between eating out and ultra-processed food consumption, taking account of variance within and between individuals.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Brazil.Participants:The study was based on the Individual Food Intake of the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, carried out with 34 003 individuals aged 10 years or more, between May 2008 and May 2009. All food items were classified according to food processing level. The habit of eating out was evaluated through the frequency of days each individual reported eating out, described according to sociodemographic characteristics. The contribution of food energy per group and subgroup was estimated according to the frequency of eating out. In addition, multilevel modelling was employed to evaluate the association between eating out and ultra-processed food consumption.Results:In Brazil, culinary preparations accounted for most of the energy eaten out. However, it was possible to observe a higher contribution of ultra-processed foods, especially sugary beverages and ready-to-eat meals, as the frequency of out-of-home consumption increased. Compared with food consumption exclusively at home, eating out increased the consumption of ultra-processed foods by 0·41 percentage points within and between individuals.Conclusion:In Brazil, the same individual and different individuals had greater consumption of ultra-processed foods when they ate out of home compared with when they ate at home. So, it is necessary to implement public policies which discourage the out-of-home consumption of ultra-processed foods and that provide affordable and accessible less-processed food options.
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Canuto R, Fanton M, Lira PICD. Iniquidades sociais no consumo alimentar no Brasil: uma revisão crítica dos inquéritos nacionais. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:3193-3212. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018249.26202017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Determination of cocaine adulterants in human urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3447-3461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Reyes CM, Cornelis MC. Caffeine in the Diet: Country-Level Consumption and Guidelines. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111772. [PMID: 30445721 PMCID: PMC6266969 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee, tea, caffeinated soda, and energy drinks are important sources of caffeine in the diet but each present with other unique nutritional properties. We review how our increased knowledge and concern with regard to caffeine in the diet and its impact on human health has been translated into food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Using the Food and Agriculture Organization list of 90 countries with FBDG as a starting point, we found reference to caffeine or caffeine-containing beverages (CCB) in 81 FBDG and CCB consumption data (volume sales) for 56 of these countries. Tea and soda are the leading CCB sold in African and Asian/Pacific countries while coffee and soda are preferred in Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Key themes observed across FBDG include (i) caffeine-intake upper limits to avoid risks, (ii) CCB as replacements for plain water, (iii) CCB as added-sugar sources, and (iv) health benefits of CCB consumption. In summary, FBDG provide an unfavorable view of CCB by noting their potential adverse/unknown effects on special populations and their high sugar content, as well as their diuretic, psycho-stimulating, and nutrient inhibitory properties. Few FBDG balanced these messages with recent data supporting potential benefits of specific beverage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Marie Reyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Popkin BM, Reardon T. Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1028-1064. [PMID: 29691969 PMCID: PMC6103889 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region faces a major diet-related health problem accompanied by enormous economic and social costs. The shifts in diet are profound: major shifts in intake of less-healthful low-nutrient-density foods and sugary beverages, changes in away-from-home eating and snacking and rapid shifts towards very high levels of overweight and obesity among all ages along with, in some countries, high burdens of stunting. Diet changes have occurred in parallel to, and in two-way causality with, changes in the broad food system - the set of supply chains from farms, through midstream segments of processing, wholesale and logistics, to downstream segments of retail and food service (restaurants and fast food chains). An essential contribution of this piece is to marry and integrate the nutrition transition literature with the literature on the economics of food system transformation. These two literatures and debates have been to date largely 'two ships passing in the night'. This review documents in-depth the recent history of rapid growth and transformation of that broad food system in LAC, with the rapid rise of supermarkets, large processors, fast food chains and food logistics firms. The transformation is the story of a 'double-edged sword', showing its links to various negative diet side trends, e.g. the rise of consumption of fast food and highly processed food, as well as in parallel, to various positive trends, e.g. the reduction of the cost of food, de-seasonalization, increase of convenience of food preparation reducing women's time associated with that and increase of availability of some nutritious foods like meat and dairy. We view the transformation of the food system, as well as certain aspects of diet change linked to long-run changes in employment and demographics (e.g. the quest for convenience), as broad parameters that will endure for the next decades without truly major regulatory and fiscal changes. We then focus in on what are the steps that are being and can be taken to curb the negative effects on diet of these changes. We show that countries in LAC are already among the global leaders in initiating demand-related solutions via taxation and marketing controls. But we also show that this is only a small step forward. To shift LAC's food supply towards prices that incentivize consumption of healthier diets and demand away from the less healthy component is not simple and will not happen immediately. We must be cognizant that ultimately, food industry firms must be incentivized to market the components of healthy diets. This will primarily need to be via selective taxes and subsidies, marketing controls, as well as food quality regulations, consumer education and, in the medium term, consumers' desires to combine healthier foods with their ongoing quest for convenience in the face of busy lives. In the end, the food industry in LAC will orient itself towards profitable solutions, ie those demanded by the broad mass of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Reardon
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Siqueira JH, Mill JG, Velasquez-Melendez G, Moreira AD, Barreto SM, Benseñor IM, Molina MDCB. Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks and Fructose Consumption Are Associated with Hyperuricemia: Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Nutrients 2018; 10:E981. [PMID: 30060512 PMCID: PMC6116015 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The secular trend of hyperuricemia coincides with the substantial increase in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the consumption of soft drinks, dietary fructose and unsweetened, non-processed fruit juices with hyperuricemia in a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (2008⁻2010; n = 7173) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The explanatory variables were the consumption of soft drinks, fruit juice, and fructose using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were hyperuricemia and the uric acid concentration in serum. Regression models were tested, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. In men, the daily consumption of a portion of soft drink/day (250 mL) almost doubled the chance of hyperuricemia with a linear trend. In women, the consumption of ≥0.1 to <1.0 soft drink/day was associated with a higher chance of hyperuricemia, but there was no linear trend. High fructose consumption in men and moderate and high consumption in women were associated with hyperuricemia. All categories of soft drinks consumption were linearly associated with increased serum uric acid levels. Our findings suggest that the consumption of soft drinks and dietary fructose is positively associated with a higher chance of hyperuricemia and higher uric acid levels in Brazilian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Herzog Siqueira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória CEP 29042-755, Brazil.
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória CEP 29042-755, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandra Dias Moreira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Hospital das Clinicas and School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
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López-Olmedo N, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. The Socioeconomic Disparities in Intakes and Purchases of Less-Healthy Foods and Beverages Have Changed over Time in Urban Mexico. J Nutr 2018; 148:109-116. [PMID: 29378043 PMCID: PMC6251618 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, the association between diet and socioeconomic status (SES), using both purchase and intake data, in the Mexican population has not been examined, which is particularly important given the high prevalence of diet-related diseases in Mexico. Objective Our objective was to examine the SES-diet relation using household food purchases and individual food intake data. Methods We analyzed purchases of packaged food and beverages of 5240 households with the use of the 2012-2014 Nielsen Mexico Consumer Panel Service Dataset, representative of urban areas. Likewise, we examined 9672 individuals over 2 y with food and beverage intake information collected using a single 24-h recall as part of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Multivariate linear regression models were conducted to predict per capita daily purchases and intakes of food and beverages classified as healthy and less healthy by SES, and adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Results Per capita daily purchases of healthy and less-healthy foods were, on average, 142% and 55% higher in high- than in low-SES households, respectively, from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05). Intakes of healthy and less-healthy foods in urban areas were, on average, 7% and 136% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05). Per capita daily purchases of healthy beverages were, on average, 56% higher in high- than in low-SES households from 2012 to 2014 (P < 0.05), whereas purchases of less-healthy beverages were 27% and 17% higher in low- than in high-SES households in 2012 and 2014, respectively (P < 0.05). Per capita daily intake of healthy beverages was 33% higher in high- than in low-SES groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher-SES groups from urban areas had greater purchases and intakes of less-healthy foods and healthy beverages. Lower-SES households had greater purchases of less-healthy beverages, but also had the largest reduction in these purchases from 2012 to 2014, which could be associated with the beverage tax implemented in Mexico in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Address correspondence to LST (e-mail: )
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Martyn D, Lau A, Darch M, Roberts A. Benzoates intakes from non-alcoholic beverages in Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1485-1499. [PMID: 28592216 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1338836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Food consumption data from national dietary surveys were combined with brand-specific-use levels reported by beverage manufacturers to calculate the exposure to benzoic acid and its salts (INS Nos 210-213) from non-alcoholic beverages in Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States. These four jurisdictions were identified as having some of the most prevalent use of benzoates in beverages globally. Use levels were weighted according to the brand's market volume share in the respective countries. Benzoates were reported to be used primarily in 'water-based flavoured drinks' (Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) category 14.1.4). As such, the assessments focused only on intakes from these beverage types. Two different models were established to determine exposure: probabilistic (representing non-brand loyal consumers) and distributional (representing brand-loyal consumers). All reported-use levels were incorporated into both models, including those above the Codex interim maximum benzoate use level (250 mg kg-1). The exception to this was in the brand-loyal models for consumers of regular carbonated soft drinks (brand loyal category) which used (1) the interim maximum use level for beverages with a pH ≤ 3.5 and (2) all reported use levels for beverages pH > 3.5 (up to 438 mg kg-1). The estimated exposure levels using both models were significantly lower than the ADI established for benzoates at the mean level of intake (4-40% ADI) and lower than - or at the ADI only for toddlers/children - at the 95th percentile (23-110% ADI). The results rendered in the models do not indicate a safety concern in these jurisdictions, and as such provide support for maintaining the current Codex interim maximum benzoate level of 250 mg kg-1 in water-based beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Martyn
- a Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy , Farnborough , UK
| | - Annette Lau
- b Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy , Mississauga , ON , Canada
| | - Maryse Darch
- b Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy , Mississauga , ON , Canada
| | - Ashley Roberts
- b Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy , Mississauga , ON , Canada
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Popkin BM. Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:73-82. [PMID: 28395033 PMCID: PMC5914433 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Popkin
- B.M. Popkin is with the Department of Nutrition and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Correspondence: B.M. Popkin, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 137 E. Franklin St. Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. . Phone: +1-919-962-6139
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Proposal for a breakfast quality index for brazilian population: Rationale and application in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. Appetite 2016; 111:12-22. [PMID: 28007489 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast has been related to positive nutrition and health outcomes, but criteria for an optimal composition of this meal are not well established. The aim of this study was to propose a breakfast quality index (BQI) for the Brazilian population, and to describe the relationship between breakfast quality, socio-demographic factors, dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day. BQI was constructed based on individual dietary data of 22,279 breakfast consumers, aged 20+ years from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study. The BQI was comprised of food components (cereals, fruit/vegetables, dairy products), and nutrient criteria (energy, fiber, free sugar, saturated fat, calcium and sodium). Mean, percentage and 95% CIs were estimated for variables according to BQI categories. The mean BQI was 4.2, with 71% of individuals falling into medium BQI category and 6% in high category. Individuals in urban areas, in higher categories of income and education and women had higher BQI means. Consumers with high BQI had higher intake of fruits/vegetables and higher breakfast and total daily intake of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, total sugar, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate and vitamins B6, A, C, and D, and lower trans fatty acids compared to those in low and medium BQI groups. Promoting a high-quality breakfast may contribute to a better nutrient intake and achievement of daily requirements.
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Rodrigues JF, Andrade RDS, Bastos SC, Coelho SB, Pinheiro ACM. Miracle fruit: An alternative sugar substitute in sour beverages. Appetite 2016; 107:645-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Velasquez-Melendez G, Molina MDCB, Benseñor IM, Cardoso LO, Fonseca MDJM, Moreira AD, Pereira TSS, Barreto SM. Sweetened Soft Drinks Consumption Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-sectional Analysis from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 36:99-107. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1191975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Departamento Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BRASIL
| | - Maria del Carmen B. Molina
- Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, BRASIL
| | - Isabela M. Benseñor
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRASIL
| | - Leticia O. Cardoso
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BRASIL
| | - Maria de Jesus M. Fonseca
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BRASIL
| | - Alexandra D. Moreira
- Departamento Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BRASIL
| | - Taísa Sabrina S. Pereira
- Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, BRASIL
| | - Sandhi M. Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BRASIL
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Caloric compensation for sugar-sweetened beverages in meals: A population-based study in Brazil. Appetite 2015; 98:67-73. [PMID: 26708263 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption can cause positive energy balance, therefore leading to weight gain. A plausible biological mechanism to explain this association is through weak caloric compensation for liquid calories. However, there is an ongoing debate surrounding SSB calorie compensation. The body of evidence comes from a diversity of study designs and highly controlled settings assessing food and beverage intake. Our study aimed to test for caloric compensation of SSB in the free-living setting of daily meals. We analyzed two food records of participants (age 10 years or older) from the 2008-2009 National Dietary Survey (Brazil, N = 34,003). We used multilevel analyses to estimate the within-subject effects of SSB on food intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage calories were not compensated for when comparing daily energy intake over two days for each individual. When comparing meals, we found 42% of caloric compensation for breakfast, no caloric compensation for lunch and zero to 22% of caloric compensation for dinner, differing by household per capita income. In conclusion, SSB consumption contributed to higher energy intake due to weak caloric compensation. Discouraging the intake of SSB especially during lunch and dinner may help reduce excessive energy intake and lead to better weight management.
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