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Najibi N, Jahromi MK, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Mirmiran P. International diet quality index and revised diet quality index relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:441. [PMID: 38097953 PMCID: PMC10722782 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recent studies show the potential role of dietary quality and quantity in predicting the risk of chronic diseases, such as liver disease, therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the association of diet quality index International (DQI-I) and diet quality index revised (DQI-R) and their main components with the odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult populations. METHODS The current case-control study was conducted on 225 patients with NAFLD and 450 controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and DQI-I and DQI-R were calculated in participants. Multi-variable logistic regression was used to examine the association of DQI-I and DQI-R and their components with the odds of NAFLD. RESULTS The mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (53% men) were 38.1 (8.8) years and 26.8 (4.3) kg/m2, respectively. In the final model, each one SD increment in the DQI-I score was associated with decreased odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.63; 95%CI = 0.40-0.98) (P = 0.040). Also, of DQI-I components, high adequacy score was related to lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = 0.06-0.40) (P < 0.001). Also, our findings showed that participants in the highest tertile of DQI-R score had lower odds of NAFLD compared to the lowest tertile of DQI-R (OR = 0.24; 95%CI = 0.10-0.53) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, of DQI-R components, high moderation score are linked to a lower risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.17;95%CI = 0.07-0.43) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that greater adherence to diet with a higher score of DQI-I and DQI-R may be associated with lower odds of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Najibi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ziaei R, Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Movahedi M, Kalatehjari M, Vajdi M, Mokari-Yamchi A, Elyasi M, Ghavami A. The association between Diet Quality Index-International score and risk of diminished ovarian reserve: a case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1277311. [PMID: 38107746 PMCID: PMC10721967 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1277311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although limited evidence exists on the beneficial reproductive effects of diet quality indices, the association is still largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and antral follicle count (AFC) and serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) as precise and sensitive markers of ovarian reserve and to assess the risk of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in women seeking fertility treatments. Methods In a case-control study, 370 women (120 women with DOR and 250 women with normal ovarian reserve as controls), matched by age and body mass index (BMI), were recruited. Dietary intake was obtained using a validated 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The quality of diets was assessed using DQI-I, which included four major dietary components: variety (0-20 points), adequacy (0-40 points), moderation (0-30 points), and overall balance (0-10 points). DQI-I score was categorized by quartiles based on the distribution of controls. AFC, serum AMH and anthropometric indices were measured. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratio (OR) of DOR across quartiles of DQI-I score. Results Increased adherence to DQI-I was associated with higher AFC in women with DOR. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of DOR decreased with increasing DQI-I score (0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.86). Conclusion Greater adherence to DQI-I, as a food and nutrient-based quality index, may decrease the risk of DOR and improve the ovarian reserve in women already diagnosed with DOR. Our findings, though, need to be verified through prospective studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hatav Ghasemi-Tehrani
- Fertility Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Minoo Movahedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kalatehjari
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amin Mokari-Yamchi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahshid Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Phelan JM, Rosenkranz RR, Phelan CJ, Rosenkranz SK. Holistic Framework to Contextualize Dietary Quality Assessment: A Critical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3986. [PMID: 36900992 PMCID: PMC10002241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous dietary quality indices exist to help quantify overall dietary intake and behaviors associated with positive health outcomes. Most indices focus solely on biomedical factors and nutrient or food intake, and exclude the influence of important social and environmental factors associated with dietary intake. Using the Diet Quality Index- International as one sample index to illustrate our proposed holistic conceptual framework, this critical review seeks to elucidate potential adaptations to dietary quality assessment by considering-in parallel-biomedical, environmental, and social factors. Considering these factors would add context to dietary quality assessment, influencing post-assessment recommendations for use across various populations and circumstances. Additionally, individual and population-level evidence-based practices could be informed by contextual social and environmental factors that influence dietary quality to provide more relevant, reasonable, and beneficial nutritional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Phelan
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Richard R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Connor J. Phelan
- Department Geosciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Slater J, Pilli B, Hinds A, Katz A, Urquia ML, Sanguins J, Green C, Cidro J, Chateau D, Nickel N. Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2007. [PMID: 36767375 PMCID: PMC9916364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a vital period of growth and development, both of which are dependent on adequate nutrition; however, concerns persist about poor nutrition and inappropriate food behaviours. In addition to nutrition assessment, the context of food and health behaviour is necessary to understand how dietary choices are shaped and related to diet quality. This study describes food-related behaviours and health indicators associated with dietary quality among adolescents in Manitoba, Canada. A stratified two-stage sampling method was used to collect data on the diet, food behaviours and health indicators of 1587 grade nine students. Diet quality was analysed using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Several food behaviours and health indicators varied by gender and school region (urban, rural, northern). The Independent Samples t-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) assessed differences between groups on the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Higher Healthy Eating Index-Canada scores were found for those eating family dinners more frequently; consuming breakfast and lunch more frequently; consuming breakfast at home; eating lunch and morning snacks at school; purchasing fewer meals and snacks from cafeterias and vending machines; believing that food and nutrition education is important; not attempting to lose weight; being classified as 'healthy weight'; and getting more sleep. Many Manitoba youth are exhibiting food and health behaviours that increase their risk of having a poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Slater
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bhanu Pilli
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Aynslie Hinds
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Marcelo L. Urquia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | | | - Chris Green
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB R3B 1E2, Canada
| | - Jaime Cidro
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Dan Chateau
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
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Sanders LM, Dicklin MR, Zhu Y, Maki KC. The Impact of Ready-to-Eat Cereal Intake on Body Weight and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies and Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:161-172. [PMID: 36811587 PMCID: PMC10102992 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from observational studies suggest that children and adolescents consuming ready-to-eat cereals (RTECs) have a healthier BMI and lower odds of overweight and obesity than consumers of other breakfasts or breakfast skippers. However, randomized controlled trials in children and adolescents are few and have been inconsistent in demonstrating a causal relationship between RTEC intake and body weight or body composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of RTEC intake on body weight and body composition outcomes in children and adolescents. Prospective cohort, cross-sectional and controlled trials in children or adolescents were included. Retrospective studies and studies in subjects with disease, other than obesity, type-2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, or prediabetes, were excluded. A search in PubMed and CENTRAL databases yielded 25 relevant studies, which were qualitatively analyzed. Fourteen of the 20 observational studies demonstrated that children and adolescents consuming RTEC have a lower BMI, lower prevalence and odds of overweight/obesity and more favorable indicators of abdominal obesity than nonconsumers or less frequent consumers. Controlled trials were few and only one reported a loss of 0.9 kg in overweight/obese children with RTEC consumption when accompanied by nutrition education. The risk of bias was low for most studies, but six had some concerns or high risk. The results were similar with presweetened and nonpresweetened RTEC. No studies reported a positive association of RTEC intake with body weight or body composition. Although controlled trials do not show a direct effect of RTEC consumption on body weight or body composition, the preponderance of observational data supports the inclusion of RTEC as part of a healthy dietary pattern for children and adolescents. Evidence also suggests similar benefits on body weight and body composition regardless of the sugar content. Additional trials are needed to determine the causality between RTEC intake and body weight and body composition outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022311805.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Zhu
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA; Indiana University, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Li H, Li D, Wang X, Ding H, Wu Q, Li H, Wang X, Li K, Xiao R, Yu K, Xi Y. The Role of Dietary Patterns and Dietary Quality on Body Composition of Adolescents in Chinese College. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214544. [PMID: 36364805 PMCID: PMC9654524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence regarding the effects of dietary pattern and dietary quality on the risk of unhealthy weight status and related body composition in Chinese adolescence. In particular, studies using bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) in these subjects are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diet in body composition, to find a healthy dietary pattern for Chinese youth, and to promote the application of BIA among this population. A total of 498 participants aged from 18 to 22 years old were included. Dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (DII) and diet balance index (DBI) were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the relationship of dietary patterns, dietary quality with body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and the effect of dietary factors on BMI levels. The majority of participants with overweight and obesity had abdominal obesity, and there was 3.7% abdominal obesity in normal BMI individuals. Four dietary patterns were detected in the subjects. The pattern with the higher energy intake, which was close to the Western diet, was positively correlated with BMI (β = 0.326, p = 0.018) and FMI (β = 0.201, p = 0.043), while being negatively correlated with FFMI (β = −0.183, p = 0.021). Individuals who followed the pattern similar to the Mediterranean diet had a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the highest fat free mass, soft lean mass, and skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.05) but the lowest FMI, visceral fat area (VFA), waist−hip ratio, and FMI/FFMI ratio (p < 0.05). Higher energy-adjusted DII was associated with high BMI. Higher bound score (HBS) (β = −0.018, p = 0.010) and diet quality distance (DQD) (β = −0.012, p = 0.015) were both negatively correlated with FFMI. In conclusion, fat or muscle indexes, such as BMR, FMI, and FFMI, had an important role in predicting overweight and obesity, which suggested the importance of applying BIA among Chinese college students. Students who followed healthful dietary patterns or the high-quality diet that is similar to the Mediterranean diet but not close to the Western diet were more likely to have a healthy BMI and normal body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dajun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huini Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuandi Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence:
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Plata-SanJuan E, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Infancy Dietary Patterns, Development, and Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071072. [PMID: 35884056 PMCID: PMC9319947 DOI: 10.3390/children9071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Correct dietary patterns are important for a child’s health from birth to adulthood. Understanding a child’s health as a state of entire physical, mental, and social well-being is essential. However, reaching adulthood in a complete health proper state is determined by feeding and dietary habits during preconception, pregnancy, or children infancy. Different factors, such as the mother’s lifestyle, culture, or socioeconomic status, are crucial during all these phases. In this review, we aimed to assess the long-term associations between infancy dietary patterns and health and their influence on development and growth. To reach this objective, a consensus critical review was carried out using primary sources such as scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar were the tools used to complete this research. We found that high-income countries promote high-calorie foods and, consequently, obesity problems among children are rising. However, undernutrition is a global health issue concerning children in low- and middle-income countries; thus, parental socioeconomic status in early life is essential to children’s health and development, showing that biological, social, and environmental influences are increased risk factors for chronic diseases. This narrative review is aimed to collect evidence for early nutritional intervention and future disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.B.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.); Fax: +34-911-413-585 (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | | | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.B.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.); Fax: +34-911-413-585 (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Diet quality of Norwegian children at 3 and 7 years: changes, predictors and longitudinal association with weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:10-20. [PMID: 34462565 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Poor diet quality in early life can have long-term health effects, but the evidence is largely from cross-sectional studies. Our objective was to examine diet quality of Norwegian children by applying a-priori diet quality indices, identify early life determinants and examine prospective associations with overweight. SUBJECTS/METHODS We included 34,074 preschoolers (3-year-olds) and 18,350 school-aged children (7-years-olds) from the prospective, population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Diet quality was assessed as (i) adherence to a Mediterranean diet, estimated by the food frequency-based Mediterranean Diet Score (fMDS, score range: 0-6) and (ii) by the diet quality index (DQI, score range: -33% to 100%), reflecting compliance to food-based dietary guidelines. In multivariate analyses we explored perinatal and childhood characteristics as potential determinants of diet quality. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between diet quality at 3 years and BMI status at 8 years, adjusting for relevant confounders and diet quality at 7 years. RESULTS One in three children had high MD adherence at 3 and 8 years, and DQI (mean 60%) at 3 and 7 years was strongly correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Short breastfeeding duration, physical activity and sleep duration and long screentime at 18 months were associated with 2-3% lower DQI at 3 years. At both ages, maternal diet quality was the strongest prospective predictor of DQI (beta = 5%, 95% CI = 4.7, 5.2 and beta = 3.1%, 95% CI = 2.8, 3.4), and screentime was the strongest cross-sectional predictor (beta = -5.2%, 95% CI = -5.9, -4.5 and beta = -4.1%, 95% CI = -5.0, -3.2). High DQI score at 3 years, but not MD adherence, was associated with a lower risk for overweight (including obesity) at 8 years, compared to low DQI (lower tertile) (adjusted OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidences that high diet quality in early childhood may reduce the risk for overweight in later childhood, independent of the current dietary behaviors.
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Associations between Avocado Consumption and Diet Quality, Dietary Intake, Measures of Obesity and Body Composition in Adolescents: The Teen Food and Development Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124489. [PMID: 34960040 PMCID: PMC8708967 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado is a nutrient-rich food that has been shown to benefit the health and diet quality of adults. In this paper, we examined if habitual intake of avocado among adolescents is associated with their diet quality, food and nutrient intake, and measures of obesity and body composition. Participants aged 12-18 years old (n = 534) from selected public and Adventist middle-high schools reported their dietary intake in a web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Diet quality (DQI-I) and avocado intake were calculated from the FFQ; BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and %body fat (%BF) were determined from the anthropometric data. Compared to non-consumers, avocado consumers had significantly higher covariate-adjusted mean scores on total DQI-I (68.3 vs. 64.6) and energy-adjusted mean scores on variety (18.8 vs. 18.0) and adequacy (36.4 vs. 33.4). Avocado consumption was significantly associated with DQI-I components adequacy (β [SE] = 0.11 [0.03]) and moderation (β [SE] = 0.06 [0.03]) but not with BMIz, WHtR, FM, FFM, and %BF. Mean intakes of fruits, vegetables, and plant protein foods, total and vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, retinol, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium were significantly higher for avocado consumers; saturated and trans fats intakes were significantly higher for non-consumers. In our adolescent population, avocado consumption was associated with higher diet quality and intake of plant-based foods and shortfall nutrients, but not with measures of obesity and body composition. Studies are needed to determine the optimal amount of avocado that would confer health benefits during adolescence.
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Motamedi A, Ekramzadeh M, Bahramali E, Farjam M, Homayounfar R. Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study. Nutr J 2021; 20:57. [PMID: 34174902 PMCID: PMC8236133 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. METHODS This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75-0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68-0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64-0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66-0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Motamedi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Bahramali
- Noncommunicable diseases research center, Fasa university of medical sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable diseases research center, Fasa university of medical sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable diseases research center, Fasa university of medical sciences, Fasa, Iran. .,Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kalmpourtzidou A, Xinias I, Agakidis C, Mavroudi A, Mouselimis D, Tsarouchas A, Agakidou E, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T. Diet Quality: A Neglected Parameter in Children With Food Allergies. A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:658778. [PMID: 33968858 PMCID: PMC8102985 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.658778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background-Objective: With recent evidence suggesting that growth is no longer considered a major issue in children with food allergies (FA) on elimination diet, priority has shifted to diet quality to establish healthy eating patterns and prevent non-communicable diseases. The Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) could be useful for assessing the overall diet quality of FA-children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of elimination diet on DQI-I in children with FA and the accuracy of DQI-I in reflecting nutrient intake. Materials-methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study of FA-children (2-14 years), nutritional intake was evaluated using a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall, and the DQI-I. Results: Of the 76 children recruited, 44.7% had multiple allergies. Mean overall DQI-I score was 52 points, with only 28% of participants having good overall DQI-I (≥60 points). DQI-I moderation and balance were the most affected domains. Participants with multiple allergies had higher DQI-I moderation and balance and lower vitamin D and Ca intake. Compared to toddlers, schoolchildren had higher DQI-I variety and lower moderation and received higher vitamin B2, vitamin B12, Ca, P, and Zn. The number of allergies, age, and milk avoidance were independently associated with adjusted DQI-I moderation and balance, energy, and certain micronutrient intake. Higher percentages of participants with good DQI-I received adequate amounts of Mn and vitamins A, B6, C, and folate than those with poor DQI-I. Conclusions: In children with FA on elimination diet, the DQI-I accurately captured the deflection of diet quality related to the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases through its moderation and balance components. This is DQI-I's main purpose as a healthy diet indicator and as such it would be a useful tool responding to the needs of the contemporary shifting of priorities in FA-children's diet from quantity to quality. Nevertheless, it does not accurately reflect the intake of certain micronutrients potentially compromised by elimination diets. Therefore, regular nutritional assessment utilizing both the DQI-I and tools assessing individual nutrient intakes along with professional nutrition counseling should be integral parts of the individualized management of children with FA to ensure adequate nutrient intake and establish healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Xinias
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Agakidis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Mavroudi
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mouselimis
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsarouchas
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Agakidou
- 1st Department of Neonatology & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomai Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece
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12
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Unhealthy food options in the school environment are associated with diet quality and body weights of elementary school children in Canada. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4572-4581. [PMID: 33143804 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence links unhealthy food environments with diet quality and overweight/obesity. Recent evidence has demonstrated that relative food environment measures outperform absolute measures. Few studies have examined the interplay between these two measures. We examined the separate and combined effects of the absolute and relative densities of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m buffers around elementary schools on children's diet- and weight-related outcomes. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study of 812 children from thirty-nine schools. The Youth Healthy Eating Index (Y-HEI) and daily vegetables and fruit servings were derived from the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children and Youth. Measured heights and weights determined BMI Z-scores. Food outlets were ranked as healthy, somewhat healthy and unhealthy according to provincial paediatric nutrition guidelines. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were used to assess the effect of absolute (number) and relative (proportion) densities of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m around schools on diet quality and weight status. SETTING Two urban centres in the province of Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Grade 5 students (10-11 years). RESULTS For children attending schools with a higher absolute number (36+) of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m, every 10 % increase in the proportion of unhealthy food outlets was associated with 4·1 lower Y-HEI score and 0·9 fewer daily vegetables and fruit. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to a higher relative density of unhealthy food outlets around a school had lower diet quality, specifically in areas where the absolute density of unhealthy food outlets was also high.
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13
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Dalwood P, Marshall S, Burrows TL, McIntosh A, Collins CE. Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review. Nutr J 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 33099309 PMCID: PMC7585689 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe a-priori diet quality indices used in children and adolescents, appraise the validity and reliability of these indices, and synthesise evidence on the relationship between diet quality and physical and mental health, and growth-related outcomes. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched until January 2019. An a-priori diet quality index was included if it applied a scoring structure to rate child or adolescent (aged 0-18-years) dietary intakes relative to dietary or nutrient guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy studies and prospective cohort studies reporting health outcomes were appraised using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS From 15,577 records screened, 128 unique paediatric diet quality indices were identified from 33 countries. Half of the indices' scores rated both food and nutrient intakes (n = 65 indices). Some indices were age specific: infant (< 24-months; n = 8 indices), child (2-12-years; n = 16), adolescent (13-18 years; n = 8), and child/adolescent (n = 14). Thirty-seven indices evaluated for validity and/or reliability. Eleven of the 15 indices which investigated associations with prospective health outcomes reported significant results, such as improved IQ, quality of life, blood pressure, body composition, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Research utilising diet quality indices in paediatric populations is rapidly expanding internationally. However, few indices have been evaluated for validity, reliability, or association with health outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the validity, reliability, and association with health of frequently utilised diet quality indices to ensure data generated by an index is useful, applicable, and relevant. REGISTRATION PROSPERO number: CRD42018107630 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Dalwood
- Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond Universtiy, Robina, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond Universtiy, Robina, Queensland, 4226, Australia.
- Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ashleigh McIntosh
- Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond Universtiy, Robina, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Kheir F, Feeley N, Maximova K, Drapeau V, Henderson M, Van Hulst A. Breastfeeding duration in infancy and dietary intake in childhood and adolescence. Appetite 2020; 158:104999. [PMID: 33058954 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have focused on associations between breastfeeding and child obesity, few have focused on associations with dietary intake. We examined associations between breastfeeding duration in infancy and dietary intake in childhood and explored whether associations are still observed in adolescence. The QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort includes 630 children aged 8-10 years at baseline (T1) who have at least one parent with obesity. A follow-up assessment was done 7 years later (T2) when participants were aged 15-17 years (n=377). Non-exclusive breastfeeding duration was evaluated at T1 using a parent questionnaire (never, < 3 months, 3-6 months, > 6 months). Dietary intake was assessed at T1 and T2 using three 24-h diet recalls, namely daily servings of vegetables (≥ 2 vs < 2), fruits (≥ 2 vs < 2), vegetables and fruits combined (≥ 5 vs < 5), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (none vs any), and an overall diet quality index (DQI-I) (good vs poor). Multiple logistic regressions, adjusted for age, sex and total kilocalorie intake of the child, for age and body mass index of the mother, and for parental education and income were used. Compared to children breastfed > 6 months (reference group), those never breastfed or breastfed for 3-6 months were 42% (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-0.96) and 38% (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-1.00) less likely to consume ≥ 2 servings of vegetables per day at 8-10 years, respectively, while no association was found for those breastfed < 3 months. Compared to children breastfed > 6 months, those never breastfed were 1.8 times more likely to drink any SSB (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03-3.22). No associations were found for other diet indicators, and associations observed in childhood were no longer found by adolescence. In this cohort, breastfeeding was associated with greater vegetable intake and the avoidance of SSB in childhood, but not in adolescence, nor were associations found for fruit intake or overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kheir
- Ingram School of Nursing McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nancy Feeley
- Ingram School of Nursing McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Center for Nursing Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Katerina Maximova
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.
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Taverno Ross SE, Militello G, Dowda M, Pate RR. Changes in Diet Quality in Youth Living in South Carolina From Fifth to 11th Grade. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:928-934. [PMID: 32334976 PMCID: PMC7554150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine diet quality levels and changes in a diverse sample of youth from fifth to 11th grade, and interactions by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. DESIGN Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids prospective cohort study. SETTING Elementary, middle, and high schools in South Carolina. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 260 fifth-graders (106 boys and 154 girls) with complete data at baseline and at least 1 time point each in middle school and in high school. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Dietary intake assessed with the Block Food Screener for Kids (last week). Diet quality was assessed using energy-adjusted intakes of 5 food groups. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics and growth curve models for the total group and by gender for diet quality from fifth to 11th grade (P < 0.05). RESULTS Both boys and girls had low levels of diet quality, which continued to decline through 11th grade. Significant main effects by race and poverty as well as a race by poverty interaction were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Programs and policies that support healthy dietary patterns in children transitioning from elementary to middle and high school are needed. Specific efforts that focus on nutrition disparities in children from low-income and minority backgrounds are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Taverno Ross
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Geena Militello
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Orsso CE, Colin-Ramirez E, Field CJ, Madsen KL, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Adipose Tissue Development and Expansion from the Womb to Adolescence: An Overview. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2735. [PMID: 32911676 PMCID: PMC7551046 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity continue to rise worldwide. Adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion initiate in the fetus and extend throughout the lifespan. This paper presents an overview of the AT developmental trajectories from the intrauterine period to adolescence; factors determining adiposity expansion are also discussed. The greatest fetal increases in AT were observed in the third pregnancy trimester, with growing evidence suggesting that maternal health and nutrition, toxin exposure, and genetic defects impact AT development. From birth up to six months, healthy term newborns experience steep increases in AT; but a subsequent reduction in AT is observed during infancy. Important determinants of AT in infancy identified in this review included feeding practices and factors shaping the gut microbiome. Low AT accrual rates are maintained up to puberty onset, at which time, the pattern of adiposity expansion becomes sex dependent. As girls experience rapid increases and boys experience decreases in AT, sexual dimorphism in hormone secretion can be considered the main contributor for changes. Eating patterns/behaviors and interactions between dietary components, gut microbiome, and immune cells also influence AT expansion. Despite the plasticity of this tissue, substantial evidence supports that adiposity at birth and infancy highly influences its levels across subsequent life stages. Thus, a unique window of opportunity for the prevention and/or slowing down of the predisposition toward obesity, exists from pregnancy through childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E. Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | | | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C2, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Andrea M. Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
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Kelishadi R, Hemati Z, Khoshhali M, Mohebpour F, Heidari-Beni M. Association between Mean Adequacy Ratio as diet quality index and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hemati
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohebpour
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Adams M, Sabaté J. Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Risk Factors Among Vegetarians: an Exploration of the Potential Mechanisms. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019; 21:35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nguyen AN, Jen V, Jaddoe VWV, Rivadeneira F, Jansen PW, Ikram MA, Voortman T. Diet quality in early and mid-childhood in relation to trajectories of growth and body composition. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:845-852. [PMID: 30967308 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced diet in childhood is important for growth and development. We aimed to examine associations of overall diet quality in both early and mid-childhood with trajectories of growth and body composition until age 10 years. METHODS We included 3991 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based, prospective cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. At child's ages of 1 and 8 years, dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires to calculate diet quality scores (0-10), which measure adherence to age-specific dietary guidelines. Height and weight were measured repeatedly between ages 1 and 10 years. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at ages 6 and 10 years. We calculated sex- and age-specific SD-scores for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and body fat percentage (BF%). RESULTS After adjustment for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, results from linear mixed models showed that higher diet quality at 1 year was associated with higher height, weight, and BMI up to age 10 years. Using linear regression analyses, similar associations were observed for diet quality at 8 years. For diet quality at both time points, positive associations with BMI were fully driven by a higher FFMI (β = 0.07 SDS, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.10 for diet quality at 8 years), and not FMI or BF%. Most of the observed associations were independent of diet quality at the other time point. CONCLUSION We observed that better diet quality in both early and mid-childhood was associated with higher height, weight, and FFMI, but not with body fatness up to age 10 years. This was independent of diet quality at an earlier or later time point. Our findings suggest that dietary intake according to dietary guidelines may have a beneficial impact on growth and body composition throughout childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Jen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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A practical model for identification of children at risk of excess energy intake in the developing world. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1979-1989. [PMID: 30846016 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe diet quality by demographic factors and weight status among Barbadian children and examine associations with excess energy intake (EI). A screening tool for the identification of children at risk of excess EI was developed. DESIGN In a cross-sectional survey, the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was used to assess dietary intakes from repeat 24h recalls among 362 children aged 9-10 years. Participants were selected by probability proportional to size. A model to identify excess energy intake from easily measured components of the DQI-I was developed. SETTING Barbados.ParticipantsPrimary-school children in Barbados. RESULTS Over one-third of children were overweight/obese, and mean EI for boys (8644 (se 174·5) kJ/d (2066 (se 41·7) kcal/d)) and girls (8912 (se 169·9) kJ/d (2130 (se 40·6) kcal/d)) exceeded the RDA. Children consuming a variety of food groups, more vegetables and fruits, and lower percentage energy contribution from empty-calorie foods showed reduced likelihood of excess EI. Intake of more than 2400 mg Na/d and higher macronutrient and fatty acid ratios were positively related to the consumption of excess energy. A model using five DQI-I components (overall food group variety, variety for protein source, vegetables, fruits and empty calorie intake) had high sensitivity for identification of children at risk of excess EI. CONCLUSIONS Children's diet quality, despite low intakes of fruit and vegetables, was within acceptable ranges as assessed by the DQI-I and RDA; however, portion size was large and EI high. A practical model for identification of children at risk of excess EI has been developed.
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