1
|
Normando P, de Castro IRR, Bezerra FF, Berti TL, Bertoni N, Lacerda EMDA, Alves-Santos NH, de Freitas MB, Kac G. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian children under 5 years of age: Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). Br J Nutr 2024; 131:312-320. [PMID: 37589095 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the association of socio-demographic and health factors with vitamin D insufficiency and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in Brazilian children aged 6-59 months. Data from 8145 children from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were analysed. The serum concentration of 25(OHD)D was measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) and 95 % CI was calculated. Logistic and linear regression models were used to identify the variables associated with vitamin D insufficiency and serum 25(OH)D concentrations, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 98·6 ± 36·0 nmol/l, and 4·3 % of the children presented vitamin D insufficiency. Children aged 6-23 months (OR = 2·23; 95 % CI 1·52, 3·26); belonging to Southeast (OR = 5·55; 95 % CI 2·34, 13·17) and South (OR = 4·57; 95 % CI 1·77, 11·84) regions; the second tertile of the National Wealth Score (OR = 2·14; 95 % CI 1·16, 3·91) and winter (OR = 5·82; 95 % CI 2·67, 12·71) and spring (OR = 4·84; 95 % CI 2·17, 10·80) seasons of blood collection were associated with a higher chance of vitamin D insufficiency. Female sex (β = -5·66, 95 % CI - 7·81, -3·51), urban location (β = -14·19, 95 % CI -21·0, -7·22) and no vitamin D supplement use (β = -6·01, 95 % CI -9·64, -2·39) were inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration. The age of children and the Brazilian geographical region of household location were the main predictors of vitamin D insufficiency. In Brazil, vitamin D insufficiency among children aged 6-59 months is low and is not a relevant public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Normando
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21941-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Talita Lelis Berti
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21941-902, Brazil
| | - Neilane Bertoni
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21941-902, Brazil
- Divisão de Pesquisa Populacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maiara Brusco de Freitas
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Villatoro-Santos CR, Ramirez-Zea M, Villamor E. Urinary sodium, iodine, and volume in relation to metabolic syndrome in Mesoamerican children and their parents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1774-1783. [PMID: 35637087 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The roles of sodium or iodine intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) etiology remain controversial. We evaluated the associations of 24 h urinary sodium and iodine with MetS among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 217 school-age children and 478 parents from 9 Mesoamerican cities. Exposures were high 24 h urinary sodium excretion and concentration (>2000 mg/d or mg/L, respectively) and high 24 h urinary iodine excretion and concentration (≥300 μg/d or μg/L, respectively). In children, the outcome was a standardized metabolic score from five criteria analogous to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. In adults, MetS was defined according to the ATP III criteria. We estimated adjusted mean differences in the metabolic risk score and adjusted prevalence ratios of MetS between exposure categories using multivariable regression. In children, high sodium concentration was associated with a 0.10 units (43% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.001) and high iodine concentration was related to a 0.09 units (39% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.009). Unexpectedly, high 24 h urinary volume was associated with a lower metabolic score. In adults, high 24 h sodium excretion was related to hypertension and high iodine concentration was related to increased MetS prevalence. CONCLUSION High sodium and iodine concentrations, but not 24 h iodine excretion, are significantly associated with MetS in children, whereas high 24 h urinary volume is related to a decreased metabolic score. In adults, high iodine concentration tends to be related to increased MetS prevalence, but not 24 h iodine excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Villatoro-Santos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - E Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barceló A, Morell-Garcia D, Ribot C, De la Peña M, Peña-Zarza JA, Alonso-Fernández A, Giménez P, Piérola J. Vitamin D as a biomarker of health in snoring children: a familial aggregation study. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1176-1181. [PMID: 34103676 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is a common health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and paternal and maternal vitamin D status in a sample of snoring children. METHODS We selected 137 participants for whom serum 25(OH)D had been measured and underwent overnight polysomnography evaluation. Serum glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, parathyroid hormone, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were also measured. Glucose and insulin levels were used to estimate insulin resistance with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were found in 40.9 and 17.5% of children, respectively. After adjustments for age, BMI z-score and seasonality, the odds ratio for risk of vitamin D insufficiency according to the vitamin D status of parents were: OR (95% CI): paternal insufficiency 15.1 (2.7-35.7), p = 0.002; maternal insufficiency 7.2 (2.4-22), p = 0.001. When children with vitamin D deficiency were analyzed separately, serum 25(OH)D concentration was found to be associated with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = -0.647, p = 0.009) and respiratory arousal index (r = -0.669, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Family patterns of vitamin D could be helpful for the early identification of children at risk of metabolic and/or sleep disturbances and when considering strategies to improve vitamin D status. IMPACT Family patterns of vitamin D could be helpful for the early identification of snoring children at risk of metabolic and/or sleep disturbances. Significant associations were found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in children and their parents. An inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and OSA severity was detected in deficient vitamin D children. Children with insufficient and deficient vitamin D status tended to have a worse metabolic profile, so strategies are needed to improve vitamin D status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barceló
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morell-Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Caterina Ribot
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Peña
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Peña-Zarza
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alberto Alonso-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paloma Giménez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Piérola
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shaka MF, Hussen kabthymer R, Meshesha MD, Borde MT. Vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy children and children with common medical illnesses in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 75:103403. [PMID: 35386789 PMCID: PMC8977889 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
- Dilla University, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Public Health, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Robel Hussen kabthymer
- Dilla University, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Public Health, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Meiraf Daniel Meshesha
- Dilla University, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Tadesse Borde
- Dilla University, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Public Health, Dilla, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cashman KD. Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0282. [PMID: 34860171 PMCID: PMC8789021 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, concern has been repeatedly raised about the little notable progress in the collection, analysis and use of population micronutrient status and deficiency data globally. The need for representative status and intake data for vitamin D has been highlighted as a research priority for well over a decade. AIM AND METHODS A narrative review which aims to provide a summary and assessment of vitamin D nutritional status data globally. This review divides the world into the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) major regions: the Americas, Europe, Oceania, Africa and Asia. Emphasis was placed on published data on the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L (reflecting vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, respectively) as well as vitamin D intake, where possible from nationally representative surveys. RESULTS Collating data from the limited number of available representative surveys from individual countries might suggest a relatively low overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America, Oceania and North America, whereas there is more moderate prevalence in Europe and Asia, and possibly Africa. Overall, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L ranges from ~5 to 18% and 24 to 49%, respectively, depending on FAO world region. Usual intakes of vitamin D can also vary by FAO world region, but in general, with a few exceptions, there are very high levels of inadequacy of vitamin D intake. CONCLUSIONS While the burden of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy varies by world regions and not just by UVB availability, the global burden overall translates into enormous numbers of individuals at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence should be addressed to K D Cashman:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cashman KD. Global View of Per Capita Daily Vitamin D Supply Estimates as Proxy Measures for Vitamin D Intake Data. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10547. [PMID: 34950824 PMCID: PMC8674773 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nationally representative data on vitamin D intake can inform on the adequacy of dietary supply of vitamin D in a population, but such data is lacking for a majority of countries. Estimates of average per capita supply of vitamin D, as calculated using information from the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) national food balance sheets (FBSs) can be used as proxy measures for vitamin D intake within a population. In the present work, FAO national FBSs (from 2004 to 2017) for 173 to 178 countries around the globe were used to generate such average per capita vitamin D supply estimates. For countries where food fortification with vitamin D was common, the estimates accounted for this. Using the 2004–2013 FBS data, there was a large range in average per capita vitamin D supply ranging from 0.3 (Ethiopia) to 17.8 (Maldives) μg/d. Globally, 40, 60, 70, four, two, and two countries had average per capita vitamin D supply estimates <1.5, 1.6–3, 3.1–5.5, 5.6–7.5, 7.6–10, and >10 μg/d, respectively. Pelagic fish was the major contributory food commodity (supplying 53%–86%) in countries with supply >7.6 μg/d. Median per capita vitamin D supply estimates for constituent countries within Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania were 1.4, 2.7, 2.8, 4.1, and 4.7 μg/d, respectively. These overall supply trends were mirrored in the newer, 2014–2017 FBS data. Fortification of milk and dairy or wheat flour with vitamin D had an important impact on the vitamin D supply estimates (average increments of 1.6 and 3.1 μg/d, respectively). Overall, the work showed how the per capita daily vitamin D supply estimates, as surrogate for vitamin D intake data, can highlight countries where inadequacy of supply may be of concern. It also shows how fortification of food with vitamin D can have an important impact on addressing low vitamin D intake. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farzin LR, Dastgiri S. Familial Aggregation in Vitamin D Deficiency Disorder. Cureus 2021; 13:e14685. [PMID: 34055530 PMCID: PMC8153966 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and some diseases (i.e., heart diseases, malignancies, and infectious diseases) has extensively been studied. There is, however, no epidemiological report on whether the familial predisposing factors have any role in the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the familial aggregation of vitamin D deficiency disorder in the northwest region of Iran. Materials and Methods A total number of 930 individuals from the general population were invited/registered to the Family Medicine Clinic of Asadabadi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A blood sample was obtained from subjects to measure the level of vitamin D. The blood tests were carried out by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using Biorexfars diagnostics in the Asadabadi Hospital Laboratory. We calculated odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to estimate the aggregation of vitamin D deficiency among relatives. Results We ascertained 580 cases with vitamin D deficiency disorder representing an overall prevalence rate of 62.4% (95% CI: 59-65%) in the northwest region. An aggregation of the vitamin D deficiency was found among brothers (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.72-3.32), sisters (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.80-1.93), and spouses (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.76-1.82) of the cases. Other relatives (including parents, grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, nieces, and nephews) showed no aggregation of deficiency in the family in this study. Conclusion Our findings indicated that there might be an aggregational occurrence of vitamin D deficiency in some of the family members. Therefore, to be able to perform early preventive intervention, we would suggest testing the blood level of vitamin D for brothers, sisters, and spouse if one was diagnosed as having vitamin D deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila R Farzin
- Community and Family Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Y, Qin R, Hong H, Lv H, Ye K, Wei Y, Zheng W, Qi H, Ni Y, Zhang L, Yang G, Liu G, Wu A. Vitamin D status and its dietary and lifestyle factors in children during the first 5 years of life: A cross-sectional multicentre Jiangsu bone study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:792-806. [PMID: 33751685 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the vitamin D status with its demographic and lifestyle factors including dietary, supplementation, and physical activity in 0-5 years old children. METHODS This was a large population-based cross-sectional multicentre study in which the children were recruited from 12 Children's Health Care Centers by a stratified cluster random-sampling method in 10 cities in Jiangsu Province, China. RESULTS A total number of 5289 children were investigated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 30.1%. The concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D was 64.0 (46.3-83.0) nmol mL-1 after adjustment for covariates. Children with higher risk of vitamin D deficiency were more likely to be at older age, girls, survey conducted in spring, location in southern Jiangsu province, residence in urban, outdoor activity < 2 h day-1 (all p < 0.05). Moreover, those with lower risk were more likely to be the number of parity ≥ 2 times, vitamin D supplementation from birth to 6 months, the initial time of vitamin D supplementation after birth ≤ 1 months, vitamin D and calcium supplementation in the last 3 months, and dose of vitamin D supplementation > 400 IU day-1 (all p < 0.05). Children with preferences for sweets, meat consumption > 150.0 g day-1 , milk consumption < 250 mL day-1 , time of sleeping < 10 h day-1 had higher risks of vitamin D deficiency. However, these relationships were affected by demographics. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D status during the first five years of life was suboptimal and was associated with demographic and lifestyle determinants including milk, meat, sweets, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, sleeping and outdoor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Child Health Care, Drum Tower Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Heyu Lv
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangning Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Kan Ye
- Department of Child Health Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yarong Wei
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongxia Qi
- Department of Child Health Care, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yufei Ni
- Department of Child Health Care, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Kunshan Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Kunshan, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Dafeng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Dafeng, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Xinghua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xinghua, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karamizadeh M, Seif M, Holick MF, Akbarzadeh M. Developing a Model for Prediction of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level: The Use of Linear Regression and Machine Learning Methods. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:191-200. [PMID: 33555236 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1869624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because vitamin D status affects many organs and tissues of the body, it is important to determine the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in healthy young adults. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 healthy individuals aged 20 to 40 years old in Shiraz, Iran. Data regarding demographic characteristics, vitamin D intake through supplements, and sun exposure habits were gathered. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was also measured. Data were analyzed with R software using linear regression and different machine learning methods such as conditional tree, conditional forest and random forest. RESULTS Based on the linear regression, male sex (p < 0.001), taking 50,000 IU vitamin D3 supplement monthly (p < 0.001), and lower waist circumference (p = 0.018) were identified as effective factors in increasing serum 25(OH)D levels. According to the conditional tree, taking 50,000 IU vitamin D3 supplement monthly (p < 0.001) and sex (p < 0.001) were two main factors in the classification of individuals in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels. Besides, conditional forest and random forest results showed that the most important variable was taking 50,000 IU vitamin D3 supplement monthly. CONCLUSIONS Supplement use is the first and most important predictor of 25(OH)D levels and other factors, including sex and waist circumference, are ranked thereafter, and the importance of these factors is greater in those who do not take vitamin D3 supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Karamizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Michael F Holick
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between vitamins of the methionine-homocysteine (Hcys) cycle (B6, B12 and folate) and Hcys with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study. Exposures were plasma vitamins B6 and B12 concentrations, erythrocyte folate and plasma Hcys. In children, the outcome was a continuous metabolic risk score calculated through sex- and age standardisation of waist circumference, the homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum HDL-cholesterol and serum TAG. In parents, the outcome was the prevalence of MetS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria. We estimated mean differences in the metabolic risk score and prevalence ratios of MetS between quartiles of the exposures using multivariable-adjusted linear and Poisson regression models, respectively. SETTING Capital cities of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica and Chiapas State in Mexico. PARTICIPANTS In total, 237 school-aged children and 524 parents. RESULTS Among children, vitamin B12 was inversely associated with the metabolic risk score (quartiles 4-1 adjusted difference = -0·13; 95 % CI: -0·21, -0·04; Ptrend = 0·008) through MAP, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. In contrast, folate was positively associated with the metabolic risk score (quartiles 4-1 adjusted difference = 0·11; 95 % CI: 0·01, 0·20; Ptrend = 0·02). In adults, vitamin B6 was inversely associated with MetS prevalence, whereas vitamin B12 and folate were positively related to this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins of the methionine-Hcys cycle are associated with MetS in different directions. The associations differ between children and adults.
Collapse
|
12
|
Half the Genetic Variance in Vitamin D Concentration is Shared with Skin Colour and Sun Exposure Genes. Behav Genet 2019; 49:386-398. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Associations of underweight and stunting with impaired vitamin D status in Ecuadorian children provides insights into the vitamin's biology. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1971-1973. [PMID: 29692280 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
Familial clustering of vitamin D deficiency via shared environment: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1700-1708. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature review. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:433-453. [PMID: 29344677 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency has been receiving increasing attention as a potential public health concern in low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs), of which there are currently 83. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of available data on vitamin D status and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all 83 LMICs. METHODS We followed the general methodology for SLRs in the area of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Highest priority was placed on identifying relevant population-based studies, followed by cross-sectional studies, and to a lesser extent case-control studies. We adopted the public health convention that a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 25/30 nmol/L) at > 20% in the entire population and/or at-risk population subgroups (infants, children, women of child-bearing age, pregnancy) constitutes a public health issue that may warrant intervention. RESULTS Our SLR revealed that of the 83 LMICs, 65% (n = 54 countries) had no published studies with vitamin D data suitable for inclusion. Using data from the remaining third, a number of LMICs had evidence of excess burden of vitamin D deficiency in one or more population subgroup(s) using the above convention (Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Tunisia and Mongolia) as well as possibly other LMICs, albeit with much more limited data. Several LMICs had no evidence of excess burden. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is a public health issue in some, but certainly not all, LMICs. There is a clear need for targeting public health strategies for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in those LMICs with excess burden.
Collapse
|