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Lin CY, Nguyen NN, Tsai WL, Hsieh RH, Wu HT, Chen YC. Aspartame Intake Delayed Puberty Onset in Female Offspring Rats and Girls. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300270. [PMID: 38389198 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, gut microbiota (GM) community, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is a triggering factor for pubertal onset. The study investigates the effects of the long-term intake of aspartame on puberty and GM in animals and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Aspartame-fed female offspring rats result in vaginal opening time prolongation, serum estrogen reduction, and serum luteinizing hormone elevation. , 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment decreases the mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Kiss1, and G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), increases the mRNA level of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and decreases the expression of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at the genus levels and decreased fecal SCFA levels are noted by 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment. Among which, Escherichia-Shigella is negatively correlated with several SCFAs. In girls, high-dose aspartame consumption decreases the risk of precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS Aspartame reduces the chance of puberty occurring earlier than usual in female offspring and girls. Particularly, 60 mg kg-1 aspartame-fed female offspring delays pubertal onset through the dysregulation of HPG axis and GM composition by inhibiting the Kiss1/GPR54 system and inducing the RFRP-3. An acceptable dose of aspartame should be recommended during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, College of LOHAS, Taipei University of Marine Technology, New Taipei City, 25172, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung, University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Li Y, Li F, He M, Li J, Zhang S, Zhao W, Tang Y, Li Y, Xiong J, Yao P. Association between sugar-free beverage intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13096. [PMID: 38191846 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between sugar-free beverage (SFB) intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe the status of SFB consumption among children and adolescents in China and assess the association between SFB intake and different types of obesity. METHODS The study was based on the baseline data of an ongoing cohort project named Evaluation and Monitoring on School-based Nutrition and Growth in Shenzhen (EMSNGS). Food frequency questionnaires were used to collect information on SFB consumption in 3227 students aged 9-17. Physical and clinical examinations were conducted by trained investigators and clinicians. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between SFB intake and general obesity, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW)/metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). RESULTS The median age of the participants was 13.28 years. Among the participants, 55.2% were boys, and 66.1% were adolescents. The median SFB consumption was 16.67 mL/d. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, each 100 mL increase in daily SFB intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.06-1.23), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03-1.23), and MUOW/MUO (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02-1.21), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that family income may have an impact on the association between SFB intake and overweight/obesity (P for interaction = 0.021) and abdominal obesity (P for interaction = 0.031). CONCLUSION SFB intake was positively associated with childhood obesity in Chinese children, particularly among individuals with high-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Min He
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxi Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangxia Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfan Xiong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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Chien YH, Lin CY, Hsu SY, Chen YH, Wu HT, Huang SW, Chen YC. Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on Body Composition Changes during Pubertal Growth. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102319. [PMID: 37242202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of consuming specific types of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on adiposity changes in children have remained inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the intake of different kinds of NNSs on long-term adiposity changes during pubertal growth. Furthermore, we examined the above relationships among different sexes, pubertal stages, and levels of obesity. A total of 1893 6-15-year-old adults were recruited and followed-up every 3 months. The NNS-FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) was conducted and urine samples were collected to investigate the effects of the selected sweeteners, which included acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, glycyrrhizin, steviol glycosides, and sorbitol. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between NNS intake and body composition. The consumption of aspartame, sucralose, glycyrrhizin, stevioside, and sorbitol was associated with decreased fat mass and increased fat-free mass. In the highest tertile group, the effects of NNS consumption on fat mass corresponded to values of -1.21 (95% CI: -2.04 to -0.38) for aspartame, -0.62 (95% CI: -1.42 to 0.19) for sucralose, -1.26 (95% CI: -2.05 to -0.47) for glycyrrhizin, -0.90 (95% CI: -2.28 to 0.48) for stevioside, and -0.87 (95% CI: -1.67 to -0.08) for sorbitol, while the effects on fat-free mass corresponded to values of 1.20 (95% CI: 0.36 to -0.38) for aspartame, 0.62 (95% CI: -0.19 to 1.43) for sucralose, 1.27 (95% CI: 0.48 to 2.06) for glycyrrhizin, 0.85 (95% CI: -0.53 to 2.23) for stevioside, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.08 to 1.67) for sorbitol. Particularly, aspartame and sorbitol revealed a dose-responsiveness effect. The above finding was more prominent among girls than boys. Moreover, fat mass was significantly reduced in normal-weight children who consumed a moderate amount of aspartame and a large amount of glycyrrhizin and sorbitol compared with obese children. In conclusion, the NNS-specific and sex-specific effects of long-term NNS consumption revealed associations of decreasing fat mass and increasing fat-free mass for children undergoing pubertal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chien
- Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hwa Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Research Center of Thoracic Medicine and Asthma, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Aspartame Consumption, Mitochondrial Disorder-Induced Impaired Ovarian Function, and Infertility Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112740. [PMID: 36361530 PMCID: PMC9656449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent consumption of diet drinks was associated with oocyte dysmorphism, decreased embryo quality, and an adverse effect on pregnancy rate. We investigated the harmful effects of aspartame and potential mechanisms through which it increases infertility risk through clinical observations and in vivo and in vitro studies. Methods: We established a cohort of 840 pregnant women and retrospectively determined their time to conceive. We assessed the estrus cycle, the anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian oxidative stress, and ovarian mitochondrial function in an animal study. We also evaluated mitochondria function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and progesterone release with in vitro studies. Aspartame consumption was associated with increased infertility risk in the younger women (Odds ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 3.22). The results of the in vivo study revealed that aspartame disrupted the estrus cycle and reduced the anti-Mullerian hormone level. Aspartame treatment also suppressed antioxidative activities and resulted in higher oxidative stress in the ovaries and granulosa cells. This phenomenon is caused by an aspartame-induced decline in mitochondrial function (maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production capacity) and triggered mitochondrial biogenesis (assessed by examining the energy depletion signaling-related factors sirtuin-1, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression levels). Aspartame may alter fertility by reserving fewer follicles in the ovary and disrupting steroidogenesis in granulosa cells. Hence, women preparing for pregnancy are suggested to reduce aspartame consumption and avoid oxidative stressors of the ovaries.
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