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Warjri CD, Kshetriya D, Ghosh S. Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water and Cyprinus carpio L. from Umiam Lake reservoir of Meghalaya, India: Potential health risk assessment for human consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39782-39793. [PMID: 38833047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration in water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from the Umiam Lake reservoir located in the Ri bhoi district of Meghalaya, India, and to elucidate the possible human health risk of ingesting fish captured from the contaminated lake. Results show significant (p < 0.05) seasonal differences of heavy metal concentrations in the water and different tissues of fish Cyprinus carpio L.. The total concentration of heavy metals in the water exceeds the WHO and BIS standards and thus poses a significant threat to the aquatic flora and fauna of the reservoir. The heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues were tissue-dependent, where the average concentration of heavy metals in all the tissues of Cyprinus carpio L. was in the order of Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd. In addition, the health risk assessment suggests that the heavy metals in the fish muscle from the Umiam Lake reservoir might have adverse effects on human. Therefore, the overall results of the study provide an understanding on the seasonal distribution of heavy metals in water, provide insight on their bioaccumulation in the fish tissues, and highlights the potential health risk for the local population of long-term fish consumption from Umiam Lake reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Donkupar Warjri
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Diwakar Kshetriya
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Srimoyee Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India.
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Barbieri PA, Lupepsa L, Paupitz BR, de Andrade CO, Gigliolli AAS, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Ribeiro RP, Fernandes CA, Borin-Carvalho LA. Erythrocyte alterations in specimens of Danio rerio caused by exposure to metformin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104373. [PMID: 38244880 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin is widely prescribed around the world. However, its permanence in different environmental concentrations has been associated with adverse toxicological effects in organisms that do not target its therapeutic action. In the aquatic environment, fish such as the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been considered potential bioindicators of environmental impacts and used as experimental models in toxicological studies due to the sensitivity of these species to different types of contaminants, including pharmaceuticals. Thus, this study aimed to analyze metformin's cytotoxic effects on Danio rerio erythrocytes. The animals were submitted to different concentrations of the drug (50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 150 µg/L, and 10000 µg/L) for 365 days and subsequently observed employing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the alterations that occurred. Exposure of animals to metformin led to significant erythrocyte cell abnormalities across all tested concentrations, with a particularly pronounced effect at the higher concentration previously defined as the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration). Remarkable abnormalities included cytoplasmic vacuoles, echinocytes, and vesicle-like cytoplasmic fragments. These findings suggest that metformin, even at concentrations similar to those found in nature and at the NOEC level, exhibits cytotoxic potential in D. rerio, raising concerns about its potential health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luara Lupepsa
- Biological Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Brazil; Research Center in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (Nupélia), State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alexandre Fernandes
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Brazil; Research Center in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (Nupélia), State University of Maringá, Brazil
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3
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Saha NC, Banerjee P, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya R, Saha S, Pastorino P. Haematological, biochemical, enzymological changes and mitochondrial dysfunction of liver in freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus during their acute and chronic exposure to sodium fluoride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104360. [PMID: 38176602 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are increasing fluoride concentration in watercourses. The present study focuses on the sublethal toxicity of sodium fluoride during sub-chronic and chronic time periods in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus. The 96-hour LC50 value for fluoride was found to be 616.50 mg/L. Excessive mucous production and hyper excitability, followed by loss of balance, were seen in fish under acute fluoride exposure. Significant reduction in yield and specific growth rate of fish were assessed at 15, 30 and 45-days exposure intervals. Different bio-indicators like Hepatosomatic-index, Gonadosomatic-index and fecundity were reduced significantly in fish exposed to 10% (61.6 mg/L) and 20% (123.2 mg/L) of 96 h of LC50 values of fluoride in comparison to control. Toxicant concentrations directly correlated with parameter lowering. Fluoride exposure increased plasma glucose, creatinine, AST, and ALT and reduced total RBC, haemoglobin content, Hct (%), plasma protein, and cholesterol. Moreover, fluoride exposure significantly reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential in liver. This may result in metabolic depression, haematological, biochemical, and enzymological stress. The in-silico structural analysis predicts that fluoride may impede cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport system, hence inhibiting mitochondrial functionality. These findings collectively highlight the urgent need for stringent regulation and monitoring of fluoride levels in freshwater ecosystems, as the subchronic and chronic effects observed in A. testudineus may have broader implications for aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India.
| | - Priyajit Banerjee
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Chatterjee
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwick Bhattacharya
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Ullah S, Li Z, Hassan S, Ahmad S, Guo X, Wanghe K, Nabi G. Heavy metals bioaccumulation and subsequent multiple biomarkers based appraisal of toxicity in the critically endangered Tor putitora. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113032. [PMID: 34856487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The construction of hydropower projects discharges effluents to aquatic bodies. The effluents consist of different chemicals including heavy metals. The current study assessed the effects of effluents discharged from an under-construction hydropower project on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of critically endangered Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) in the river Panjkora. The subsequent toxic impacts of higher bioaccumulation of heavy metals on different biochemical, hematological, and serum biochemical profiles were also studied. Different biochemical changes were observed in the tissues of T. putitora including stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, total protein contents, antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-s-transferase), acetylcholinesterase, and whole-body cortisol. The hematotoxic effects were also observed as the count of red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased whereas the count of white blood cells increased. Serum biochemical analysis revealed that cholesterol, urea, total bilirubin, and glucose concentration increased, whereas total proteins and albumin decreased with an increase in the concentration of heavy metals across the sampling sites. The fish from the river was found to be under severe stress as compared to the fish from the reference site. To mitigate the current scenario, stocking fish in an appropriate amount is suggested. The fish diversity and water quality should be assessed at regular intervals to avoid further deterioration and diversity loss. The safety and conservation of wild fisheries should be ensured by implementing strict environmental protection and fishing laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- Animal Behavior and Conservation Lab., School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Animal Behavior and Conservation Lab., School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Said Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24461, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050010, China
| | - Xinle Guo
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Kunyuan Wanghe
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23th Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050010, China.
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Batoye S, Jindal R, Verma S. Ameliorating effect of ascorbic acid on fenvalerate induced ultrastructural changes in scales, erythrocytes and gills of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36472-36492. [PMID: 33694114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenvalerate (type II synthetic pyrethroid), widely used in agricultural practices, find its way into aquatic ecosystem through air, by runoff, or by percolation to groundwater. It is an extremely toxic insecticide for aquatic organisms especially fish. In the present study, the fenvalerate (FEN) induced toxicity and the protective efficacy of ascorbic acid (AA) against FEN in Ctenopharyngodon idella was evaluated by studying the structural alterations in scales, erythrocytes and gills. The fishes were exposed to 1.2 μg/L and 2 μg/L of FEN and orally administered with 1000 mg/kg diet of AA. The fishes were scrutinized on 15th, 30th and 60th day of experiment. Scanning electron microscopic studies (SEM) of FEN-treated fish revealed extensive morphological alterations on the microstructure of scales including deformed focus, uprooted lepidonts and tubercles, hole formation and worn out calcareous material from the surface. FEN intoxication induced severe damage on erythrocytes including formation of dacrocytes, serrated spherocytes, echinocytes with oozed out cytoplasmic content, contracted plasma membrane and appearance of lobopodial projections. Ultrastructural studies in gills declared profound lesions in the form of aneurysm, loss of secondary lamellae and destructed microstructures of pavement cells. On the other hand, supplementation of AA in diet mitigated the impairment provoked by FEN on the scales, erythrocytes and gills due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Batoye
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Verma
- Zoology Department, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Wang X, Wu Z, Wu S, Chen X, Hanif M, Zhang S. Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead ( Ophiocephalus argus Cantor). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11234. [PMID: 33981499 PMCID: PMC8083180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) is a highly nutritious, freshwater, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. We investigated the morphometry, microstructure, and cytochemical characteristics of the peripheral blood cells of O. argus. Our results may provide the basic reference values needed to monitor the health of this fish for large-scale cultivation. METHODS The number of blood cells in O. argus were counted on a hemocytometer and their size was measured using a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of the blood cells were studied using Wright's staining and the cytochemical characteristics were studied using seven chemical stains including peroxidase (POX), Sudan black B (SBB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (AS-D), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (α-NAE). RESULTS The peripheral blood cells in O. argus can be classified as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes; of which, females had 2.9597 million/mm3, 88,400/mm3, and 43,600/mm3, respectively, and males had 3.0105 million/mm3, 105,500/mm3, and 34,000/mm3, respectively. Leukocytes consisted of neutrophils, monocytes, large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes. Eosinophils and basophils were not found. Monocytes were the most numerous leukocytes identified, followed by neutrophils and small lymphocytes, while large lymphocytes were the least frequently identified. Cytochemical staining showed that erythrocytes were only positive for PAS staining. Neutrophils were strongly positive for POX, SBB, and ACP, and positive for all the other cytochemical stains. Monocytes were positive for PAS and α-NAE and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D staining. Large lymphocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ALP, AS-D, and α-NAE staining. Small lymphocytes were positive for PAS and weakly positive for AS-D and α-NAE staining. Thrombocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D, but negative for the remaining cytochemical stains. The morphology of peripheral blood cells in O. argus was generally similar to that of other fish species, while the cytochemical staining patterns showed clear species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengmei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Misbah Hanif
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shengzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Mehra S, Chadha P. Naphthalene-2-sulfonate induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus using comet assay, micronucleus assay and ATIR-FTIR approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129147. [PMID: 33302202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present inquisition was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxicity of naphthalene-2-sulfonate (2NS), a sulfonated aromatic compound and a momentous intermediate involved in the synthesis of dyes and surfactants, in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. After LC50 determination, two sublethal concentrations i.e. 2.38 g/15 g b.w. (1/4 of LC50) and 4.77 g/15 g b.w. (1/2 of LC50) were selected for studying acute exposure. For evaluating sub chronic exposure 1/10th (0.238 g/L) and 1/20th (0.119 g/L) of safe application rate (SAR) were reckoned. Blood samples were collected after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure period to study acute effect, and after 30 and 60 days exposure period for sub-chronic effect. Symbolic elevation in time and dose dependent DNA damage was observed by comet assay as well as micronucleus test revealing maximum damage after 60 days of exposure. After cessation of exposure to 2NS, evident recovery was observed after 30 days. Along with comet assay and micronucleus test, spectroscopic evaluation of DNA damage was also noted using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The biomolecular range (800 cm-1 - 1800cm-1) in lyophilized red blood cell's extracted from 60 days exposed as well as control group exhibit significant alterations in their nucleic acid indicated through multivariate analysis i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Further structural analysis of erythrocytes in maximally damaged group using Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed. Thus the study proposed the genotoxic impact of 2NS which is further supported by other toxicity markers like ATR-FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Mehra
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Jangu S, Kumar D, Brraich OS, Baek KH, Mishra AK. Alterations in ultra-structures and elemental composition of ovaries of Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) as a pollution indicator in Harike Wetland (Ramsar Site), India. J Histotechnol 2020; 44:62-69. [PMID: 33236976 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2020.1840115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Teleosts are the largest class of bony fishes and account for more than 90% of fish species. Their reproductive systems are the key feature to adopt gradual evolutionary change under aquatic environmental conditions. Aquatic ecosystems are faced with a serious threat to their proliferation due to the discharge of untreated industrial effluents into them. Here, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the damaged ovaries of the freshwater fish Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan), due to their exposure to different heavy metals in the polluted waters of Harike Wetland in Punjab, India. Deformed oocytes with rough and distorted surfaces were observed in SEM. Microscopic analysis showed that environmental pollution caused by municipal effluents had damaged the microstructural surface on the fish ovaries. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy also showed damage of the microstructural surface and an abnormal deposition of heavy metals. The alterations in the reproductive system of the fish appeared to be the most responsive and a reliable indicator of environmental pollution, which indicates their significance in aquatic biomonitoring systems. This is the first report in North India showing tissue level markers in biomonitoring programs using the ovary of Labeo rohita as the model system. Microscopic analysis showed that environmental pollution caused by municipal effluents damaged the microstructural surface of the fish ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Jangu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi, India
| | - Onkar Singh Brraich
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Zarnescu O, Petrescu AM, Gaspar A, Craciunescu O. Effect of Sublethal Nickel Chloride Exposure on Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Ovary: An Ultrastructural, Autometallographic, and Electrophoretic Analyses. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:668-678. [PMID: 28486998 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytological responses in different organs of sentinel organisms have proven to be useful tools for characterizing the health status of those organisms and assessing the impact of environmental contaminants. Our study shows that nickel (II) accumulated in both germ cells (oogonia and developing oocytes) and somatic cells (muscle cells, follicle cells) in the Astacus leptodactylus ovary. Muscle cells from ovarian wall show disorganization and the disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules and pyknosis of the cell nucleus. Follicle cells, both those that surround the developing oocytes and also those that are not associated with the oocytes contained within the cytoplasm vacuoles of different sizes, degenerated mitochondria, myelin bodies, disorganized microtubules, and pyknotic nuclei. The most evident pathological phenomenon was the alteration and disorganization of the basal matrix, which separates the ovarian interstitium from ovarian follicles compartment. Exposure to nickel induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in oogonia and developing oocytes, structural alteration of the developing yolk granules and condensation of the nucleoli. Ultrastructural autometallography has shown grains of silver-enhanced nickel inside the cytoplasm of the muscle cells with altered morphology, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and basal matrix of the follicle cells, and in intracisternal granules and developing yolk granules of the oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Zarnescu
- 1Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology,University of Bucharest,Splaiul Independentei 91-95,Bucharest,R-050095,Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Petrescu
- 1Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology,University of Bucharest,Splaiul Independentei 91-95,Bucharest,R-050095,Romania
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences,Splaiul Independentei 296,Bucharest,R-060031,Romania
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences,Splaiul Independentei 296,Bucharest,R-060031,Romania
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Dey S, Choudhury MD, Das S. Sublethal effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on two commonly cultured carps: a SEM- and EDS-based hematological biomarker analysis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1791-1805. [PMID: 27378480 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood being a vehicle for the transport of industrial pollutants in living system, fish hematology is considered as potent biomarker. In the present study, we investigated respective sublethal effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on hematology of two commonly cultured carps, Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella, using optical, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Irrespective of species, results showed significant decrease in erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin contents while an increase in white blood cell counts (P < 0.05). We observed an increasing trend of MCV (170.0 ± 3.07 to 193.16 ± 2.5) and MCH (34.31 ± 1.89 to 38.71 ± 3.61) up to 28th day in C. carpio (P < 0.05), while, in C. idella, the highest percent increase in MCV (180.8 ± 2.19) and MCH (32.9 ± 0.62) was observed on seventh exposure day, which subsequently declined, respectively, to 173.1 ± 17.1 and 27.9 ± 2.45 on 28th day. Unlike C. carpio, significant and progressive MCHC declining trend (18.23 ± 0.28 to 16.13 ± 0.31) was observed in C. idella. The most commonly observed abnormalities under SEM include echinocytes, cytoplasmic blebbing, cytoplasmic ring, spherocytes, lobopodial projections and acanthocytes in red blood cells of exposed fishes. EDS further revealed the presence of aluminum, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, zinc and titanium; some of these metals were not even detected in the effluent samples, suggesting the probable metal bio-concentration in fish tissue, and subsequent jeopardization is a major concern particularly in the industrial area. Our study further suggested the use of sensitive and specific techniques like SEM and EDS in fish hematological biomarker analysis along with the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Dey
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Suchismita Das
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Pala EM, Dey S. Microscopy and Microanalysis of Blood in a Snake Head Fish, Channa gachua Exposed to Environmental Pollution. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:39-47. [PMID: 26914995 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and highly sophisticated analytical methods (Cyria et al., 1989; Massar et al., 2012a) were used to analyze micro-structural and micro-analytical aspects of the blood of snake head fish, Channa gachua, exposed to municipal wastes and city garbage. Red (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts and hemhemoglobin content were found to be higher in pollution affected fish as compared with control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the occurrence of abnormal erythrocytes such as crenated cells, echinocytes, lobopodial projections, membrane internalization, spherocytes, ruptured cells, contracted cells, depression, and uneven elongation of erythrocyte membranes in fish inhabiting the polluted sites. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of silicon and lead in the RBCs of pollution affected fish. Significance of the study includes the highly sophisticated analytical approach, which revealed the aforementioned micro-structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Pala
- 1Department of Zoology,Shillong College,Shillong-793003,Meghalaya,India
| | - Sudip Dey
- 2Electron Microscope Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility,North Eastern Hill University,Shillong-793022,Meghalaya,India
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12
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Massar B, Dey S, Dutta K. Micro structure analysis of the ovaries of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. inhabiting a polluted reservoir, Umiam in Meghalaya, India. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1404-1410. [PMID: 25089745 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761401294x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study uses microscopy to analyze damage caused to the ovaries of a fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio L., owing to its exposure to municipal wastes in a polluted reservoir, Umiam in Meghalaya, India. Histological analysis of the ovary showed atretic oocytes, detached ovarian wall, detached follicular linings, and necrosis of nuclei. Scanning electron microscopy revealed deformed oocytes with a rough and distorted surface. Transmission electron microscopy showed a poorly developed chorion, presence of relatively less electron-dense materials as compared with control, multinucleation in some cells surrounding the oocytes, and distorted and condensed mitochondria. The importance of microscopy in its different forms in analyzing histological, surface microstructural and fine structural damage to fish ovaries in response to environmental pollution owing to municipal wastes and city garbage is discussed with the help of available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashida Massar
- 1Department of Zoology,St. Anthony's College,Shillong-1,Meghalaya-793001,India
| | - Sudip Dey
- 2Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility,NEHU,Shillong-793022,Meghalaya,India
| | - Karabi Dutta
- 3Department of Zoology,Gauhati University,Guwahati-781014,Assam,India
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Prado LRGB, Felix C, Abessa DMS, Buruaem LM, Abujamara LD, Kirschbaum AA, Turatti GCR, Ranzani-Paiva MJT, Correia AT, Seriani R. Hematological parameters and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Achirus lineatus (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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