1
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Chen B, Wang C, Li W. Serum albumin levels and risk of atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1385223. [PMID: 38655495 PMCID: PMC11035896 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1385223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although several observational studies have linked serum albumin to cardiovascular disease and considered it as an important biomarker, little is known about whether increasing or maintaining serum albumin levels can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation. Therefore, this study aims to further explore the causal relationship between serum albumin and atrial fibrillation and its potential mechanism. Method Using data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and a mediation MR analysis, using serum albumin as the exposure variable and atrial fibrillation as the outcome variable. We included 486 serum metabolites as potential mediating factors. To increase the robustness of the analysis, we applied five statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Validate the MR results using Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization method. Result The results of the MR analysis indicate a significant inverse association between genetically predicted serum albumin concentration (g/L) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (Beta = -0.172, OR = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.753-0.941, p = 0.002). Further mediation MR analysis revealed that serum albumin may mediate the causal relationship with atrial fibrillation by affecting two serum metabolites, docosatrienoate and oleate/vaccenate, and the mediating effect was significant. In addition, all our instrumental variables showed no heterogeneity and level-multiplicity in the MR analysis. To verify the stability of the results, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method, and the results further confirmed that our findings were robust and reliable. Finally, we conducted a validation using the Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization method, which demonstrated the reliability of our causal inference results. Conclusion This study strongly demonstrates the causal relationship between serum albumin and reduced risk of atrial fibrillation through genetic methods, and reveals the key mediating role of two serum metabolites in this relationship. These findings not only provide a new perspective for our understanding of the role of serum albumin in atrial fibrillation, but also provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment strategies of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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De Domenico S, De Rinaldis G, Mammone M, Bosch-Belmar M, Piraino S, Leone A. The Zooxanthellate Jellyfish Holobiont Cassiopea andromeda, a Source of Soluble Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050272. [PMID: 37233466 DOI: 10.3390/md21050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskål, 1775), commonly found across the Indo-Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea, and now also in the warmest areas of the Mediterranean Sea, is a scyphozoan jellyfish that hosts autotrophic dinoflagellate symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae). Besides supplying photosynthates to their host, these microalgae are known to produce bioactive compounds as long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and pigments, including carotenoids, with antioxidant properties and other beneficial biological activities. By the present study, a fractionation method was applied on the hydroalcoholic extract from two main body parts (oral arms and umbrella) of the jellyfish holobiont to obtain an improved biochemical characterization of the obtained fractions from the two body parts. The composition of each fraction (i.e., proteins, phenols, fatty acids, and pigments) as well as the associated antioxidant activity were analyzed. The oral arms proved richer in zooxanthellae and pigments than the umbrella. The applied fractionation method was effective in separating pigments and fatty acids into a lipophilic fraction from proteins and pigment-protein complexes. Therefore, the C. andromeda-dinoflagellate holobiont might be considered as a promising natural source of multiple bioactive compounds produced through mixotrophic metabolism, which are of interest for a wide range of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Domenico
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Rinaldis
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Mammone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mar Bosch-Belmar
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Research Unit Lecce, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), S.c.a.r.l., 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Leone
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Research Unit Lecce, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), S.c.a.r.l., 90133 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbits are classified as obligate herbivores. However, under natural conditions, some members of the family Leporidae incorporate animal products into their diets. Therefore, it seems biologically justified to supplement the diets of farmed rabbits with feeds of animal origin as sources of protein, fat and minerals. The aim of this review was to describe, from a historical perspective, the use of various feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition. The applicability of by-products from mammal, poultry, fish and invertebrate processing for rabbit feeding was evaluated, including the future prospects for their use. A review of the available literature revealed that various animal-based feeds can be valuable protein sources in rabbit diets, but their inclusion levels should not exceed 5-10%. Studies investigating their efficacy have been conducted since the 1970s. In some regions of the world, the use of animal-derived protein in livestock feeds was prohibited due to the risk of spreading bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, the interest in animal by-products as protein sources in livestock diets is likely to increase since the above ban has been lifted.
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4
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Wei M, Niu X, Jing HS, Zhong JJ, Deng YL, Hou YM, Liu WQ, Deng ZY, Li J. Butter-Derived Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids Do Not Alleviate Atherosclerotic Lesions in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8631-8644. [PMID: 35792578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, it is widely believed that R-TFA and I-TFA may cause different biological effects. In the present study, we aim to elucidate the effect of mixed R-TFA derived from butter on the development of AS in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and find the possible mechanism. It was shown that butter-derived R-TFA promoted dyslipidemia, reduced thoracic and abdominal aorta diameters, and induced aortic lipid deposition and atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, butter-derived R-TFA affected the serum lipid profile of high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and the lipid metabolism of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through lipidomic techniques, we found that butter-derived R-TFA had a significant effect on the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that butter-derived R-TFA does not alleviate but promotes atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and that the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway plays a major role in this pro-atherosclerotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xian Niu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hong-Shen Jing
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jin-Jing Zhong
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yi-Ling Deng
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yan-Mei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wen-Qun Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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5
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Dietary olive leaves improve the quality and the consumer preferences of a model sheep cheese. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Alves SP, Vahmani P, Mapiye C, McAllister TA, Bessa RJB, Dugan MER. Trans-10 18:1 in ruminant meats: A review. Lipids 2021; 56:539-562. [PMID: 34608647 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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7
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de Brito Medeiros L, Alves SPA, de Bessa RJB, Soares JKB, Costa CNM, de Souza Aquino J, Guerra GCB, de Souza Araújo DF, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Alves AF, Lemos MLP, de Araujo WJ, de Medeiros AN, de Oliveira CJB, de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga R. Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18963. [PMID: 34556715 PMCID: PMC8460723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Brito Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Susana Paula Almeida Alves
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui José Branquinho de Bessa
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- grid.411182.f0000 0001 0169 5930Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG Brazil
| | - Camila Neves Meireles Costa
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XFaculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João PessoaParaíba, 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Mateus Lacerda Pereira Lemos
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Wydemberg José de Araujo
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
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8
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Vahmani P, Johnson J, Sutherland B, Penner G, Prieto N, Aalhus J, Juárez M, López-Campos Ó, Dugan M. Changes in the fatty acid composition of steer subcutaneous fat, including biohydrogenation products, are minimal when finished on combinations of corn and barley grains and silages. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Corn production in Western Canada has increased with development of short-season varieties partially offsetting the use of barley as a silage and grain source. The current study evaluated effects of silage and cereal-grain source on subcutaneous fat (SCF) composition of finishing cattle. Steers (465 ± 28.0 kg) were assigned to 24 pens (12 steers per pen) in a 2 × 3 factorial design for an 89 d finishing study. Diets contained corn silage or barley silage at 8% [dry matter (DM)] combined either dry-rolled barley grain (BG; 86% of DM), corn grain (CG; 85% of DM), or an equal blend of BG and CG (85% of DM). Bone-in ribeyes were collected from four steers per pen, and subcutaneous fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Feeding dry-rolled CG increased dietary fat and 18:2n-6 concentrations, resulting in small increases in 18:2n-6, total n-6 fatty acids, and n-6/n-3 ratios in SCF (P < 0.05). There were no changes in proportions of major trans-18:1 isomers (t10-18:1 or t11-18:1), the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis9,t11–18:2), or n-3 fatty acids. Substitution of dry-rolled CG for BG in finisher diets can, therefore, be done without substantially altering the fatty acid composition of beef fat, including polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270, Canada
| | - J.A. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - B.D. Sutherland
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G.B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - N. Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J.L. Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M. Juárez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Ó. López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M.E.R. Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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9
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Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to overview the history of feeding rabbits with different types of animal fats, and to discuss their effects on rabbit performance and quality of their products. Other aspects of the inclusion of various animal fats in rabbit diets are also described. This article is based on the analysis of relevant scientific literature and presents animal fats fed to rabbits, such as beef tallow, butter, pork lard, poultry fat, fish oil, krill oil, oil extracted from insect larvae, mixtures of various animal fats, and mixtures of animal and vegetable fats. The reported papers describe the effect of fats on growth performance, lactation, rearing performance, meat quality, and health status of rabbits. It is notable that in many cases, various animal fats were often an integral part of numerous diets or were included in control diets. The presented information demonstrates that animal fat can be fed to rabbits at 2–4% of the diet without negative effects on reproductive performance, growth performance and quality of meat obtained. Rabbits were used as model animals in many studies in which fat was added to balance the diets and to increase their energy value, especially when investigating various cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases.
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10
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Ability of tannins to modulate ruminal lipid metabolism and milk and meat fatty acid profiles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Vahmani P, Rolland D, Block H, Dugan M. Red blood cells are superior to plasma for predicting subcutaneous trans fatty acid composition in beef heifers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The trans (t)-18:1 content in beef has become more of interest as partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are removed from foods. Predicting t-18:1 early in the feeding period would be useful if limitations are put on t-18:1 in beef. To determine which blood component is better related to backfat, proportions of t10-18:1 and t11-18:1 (vaccenic acid) were measured in heifer red blood cells (RBC) and plasma (N = 14) after 0, 28, 56, and 76 d on a barley-grain-based diet, and correlated with post-slaughter subcutaneous fat (SCF). Total t-18:1 declined in both RBC and plasma during late finishing (P < 0.05). At 28 d, t11-18:1 decreased and t10-18:1 increased in RBC and plasma (P < 0.05). By 76 d, t10-18:1 declined to 0 d levels. RBC and plasma t-18:1 compositions were highly correlated (t10-18:1, r ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 0.02; t11-18:1, r ≥ 0.51, P ≤ 0.06). Correlations with post-slaughter backfat were, however, consistently greater for RBC compared with plasma. The use of RBC t-18:1 composition may, therefore, be superior to plasma for predicting t-18:1 in SCF, and the length of finishing could be useful for manipulating t-18:1 in beef. The time required for changes in t18:1 in RBC to reflect in changes in SCF still, however, needs to be determined to establish optimal durations for beneficial modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, 2119 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
| | - D.C. Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H.C. Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M.E.R. Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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12
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Dewanckele L, Toral PG, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7655-7681. [PMID: 32600765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To meet the energy requirements of high-yielding dairy cows, grains and fats have increasingly been incorporated in ruminant diets. Moreover, lipid supplements have been included in ruminant diets under experimental or practical conditions to increase the concentrations of bioactive n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk and meat. Nevertheless, those feeding practices have dramatically increased the incidence of milk fat depression in dairy cattle. Although induction of milk fat depression may be a management tool, most often, diet-induced milk fat depression is unintended and associated with a direct economic loss. In this review, we give an update on the role of fatty acids, particularly originating from rumen biohydrogenation, as well as of rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression. Although this syndrome seems to be multi-etiological, the best-known causal factor remains the shift in rumen biohydrogenation pathway from the formation of mainly trans-11 intermediates toward greater accumulation of trans-10 intermediates, referred to as the trans-11 to trans-10 shift. The microbial etiology of this trans-11 to trans-10 shift is not well understood yet and it seems that unraveling the microbial mechanisms of diet-induced milk fat depression is challenging. Potential strategies to avoid diet-induced milk fat depression are supplementation with rumen stabilizers, selection toward more tolerant animals, tailored management of cows at risk, selection toward more efficient fiber-digesting cows, or feeding less concentrates and grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - B Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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13
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Antonio Gagliostro G, Elisabet Antonacci L, Daiana Pérez C, Rossetti L, Carabajal A. Improving Concentration of Healthy Fatty Acids in Milk, Cheese and Yogurt by Adding a Blend of Soybean and Fish Oils to the Ration of Confined Dairy Cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2020.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Ayeb N, Addis M, Fiori M, Atti N, Barmat A, Hammadi M, Boukhris H, Damergi C, Khorchani T. Effect of local diets on nutritional and sensory quality of meat of indigenous goats in Tunisian arid regions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1637-1645. [PMID: 31389084 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of natural resources in small ruminants feeding can reduce the cost of feed and produce good meat quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of local feed resources on the physico-chemical aspects, the sensorial characteristics and the fatty acid profile of goat kid's meat. Twenty-six kids are divided in three groups (average body weight = 15.85 kg; age = 4 months). The groups received oat hay (group control C), dried olive leaves + dried Stipa tenacissima (group OL) or grass hay (group Ko). The animals were slaughtered after 90 days of experience, with an approximate final live weight of 18.5 kg. Total solids, pH, fat, crude protein, vitamin, cholesterol and fatty acid contents of meat were determined. The OL group had the highest ultimate pH (6.82 vs. 6.73); cooking loss, gross composition (total solids, protein and fat), cholesterol and colour coordinates (L, a* and b*) were similar among groups. The vitamin E, affected by diet, was higher in group OL than the other groups (3.71 mg/kg vs. 1.32 and 2.17 mg/kg, respectively, for C and Ko groups). Moreover, meat from this group showed the highest saturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in the meat of C and Ko groups. On the other side, polyunsaturated fatty acid level was not affected by the diet treatment. The n6/n3 ratio was significantly affected by the diet; it was lower in meat of groups Ko and OL (3.17 and 3.38 respectively). The feeding effect on sensory quality of meat was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziha Ayeb
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Margherita Addis
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Bonassai, Italy
| | - Myriam Fiori
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Bonassai, Italy
| | - Naziha Atti
- Laboratoire de Productions Animales et Fourragères, INRA, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Barmat
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Hager Boukhris
- Instiut National Agronomique, Cité Mahrajène, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Damergi
- Instiut National Agronomique, Cité Mahrajène, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
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Berthelot V, Albarello H, Broudiscou L. Effect of extruded linseed supplementation, grain source and pH on dietary and microbial fatty acid outflows in continuous cultures of rumen microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Kliem KE, Humphries DJ, Grandison AS, Morgan R, Livingstone KM, Givens DI, Reynolds CK. Effect of a whey protein and rapeseed oil gel feed supplement on milk fatty acid composition of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:288-300. [PMID: 30447978 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Isoenergetic replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Supplementing dairy cow diets with plant oils lowers milk fat SFA concentrations. However, this feeding strategy can also increase milk fat trans fatty acids (FA) and negatively affect rumen fermentation. Protection of oil supplements from the rumen environment is therefore needed. In the present study a whey protein gel (WPG) of rapeseed oil (RO) was produced for feeding to dairy cows, in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were used in a change-over experiment, with 8-d treatment periods separated by a 5-d washout period. Total mixed ration diets containing 420 g of RO or WPG providing 420 g of RO were fed and the effects on milk production, composition, and FA concentration were measured. Experiment 2 involved 4 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment, with 28-d periods, to investigate the effect of incremental dietary inclusion (0, 271, 617, and 814 g/d supplemental oil) of WPG on milk production, composition, and FA concentration in the last week of each period. Whey protein gel had minimal effects on milk FA profile in experiment 1, but trans-18:1 and total trans-MUFA were higher after 8 d of supplementation with RO than with WPG. Incremental diet inclusion of WPG in experiment 2 resulted in linear increases in milk yield, cis- and trans-MUFA and PUFA, and linear decreases in SFA (from 73 to 58 g/100 g of FA) and milk fat concentration. The WPG supplement was effective at decreasing milk SFA concentration by replacement with MUFA and PUFA in experiment 2, but the increase in trans FA suggested that protection was incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Kliem
- Centre for Dairy Research, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR.
| | - D J Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR
| | - A S Grandison
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AP
| | - R Morgan
- Centre for Dairy Research, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR
| | - K M Livingstone
- Centre for Dairy Research, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AP
| | - D I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR
| | - C K Reynolds
- Centre for Dairy Research, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, RG6 6AR
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Petri RM, Vahmani P, Yang HE, Dugan MER, McAllister TA. Changes in Rumen Microbial Profiles and Subcutaneous Fat Composition When Feeding Extruded Flaxseed Mixed With or Before Hay. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1055. [PMID: 29887841 PMCID: PMC5981202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extruded flaxseed (25%) and ground hay (75%) were each fed (DM basis) either together in a total mixed ration (TMR) or as flaxseed first followed by hay (non-TMR) to three pens of eight crossbred steers (n = 24 per diet) for 240 days. Compared to TMR, feeding non-TMR enriched subcutaneous fat with α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and its biohydrogenation intermediates including vaccenic acid [trans(t)11-18:1], rumenic acid [cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid] and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA). Rumen microbial analysis using QIIME indicated that 14 genera differed (P ≤ 0.05) between TMR and the non-TMR. Azoarcus and Streptococcus were the only genera which increased in relative abundance in the TMR fed steers, whereas Methanimicrococcus, Moryella, Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Succinivibrio, Suttenella, and TG5 decreased as compared to steers fed the non-TMR. Among these, Moryella, Succiniclasticum, and Succinivibrio, spp. were correlated with fatty acid profiles, specifically intermediates believed to be components of the major biohydrogenation pathway for ALA (i.e., t11, c15-18:2, c9, t11, c15-18:3, and total CLnA). In addition, negative correlations were found between the less abundant Ruminoccocus-like OTU60 and major ALA biohydrogenation intermediates, as well as positive correlations with several intermediates from alternative pathways that did not involve the formation of trans 11 double bonds. The present results suggest a number of pathways for ALA biohydrogenation are operating concurrently in the rumen, with their balance being influenced by diet and driven by less abundant species rather than members of the core bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Petri
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Hee Eun Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Wound Healing and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: From Inflammation to Repair. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2503950. [PMID: 29849484 PMCID: PMC5925018 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2503950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an evolutionarily conserved process that is essential for species survival. Wound healing involves a series of biochemical and cellular events that are tightly controlled, divided into 3 concomitant and overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Poor wound healing or a chronic wound represents a silent epidemic that affects billions of people worldwide. Considering the involvement of immune cells in its resolution, recent studies are focused on investigating the roles of immune nutrients such as amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids on wound healing. Among the fatty acids, much attention has been given to omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids since they can modulate cell migration and proliferation, phagocytic capacity, and production of inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the role of ω-6 fatty acids in the wound healing context.
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Fruet APB, Trombetta F, Stefanello FS, Speroni CS, Donadel JZ, De Souza ANM, Rosado Júnior A, Tonetto CJ, Wagner R, De Mello A, Nörnberg JL. Effects of feeding legume-grass pasture and different concentrate levels on fatty acid profile, volatile compounds, and off-flavor of the M. longissimus thoracis. Meat Sci 2018; 140:112-118. [PMID: 29549844 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pasture-finished beef is becoming more popular among consumers due to concerns related to fatty acid content and sustainable practices. The effects of finishing crossbred steers on legume-grass pasture comprised of oats, ryegrass, and clover (PAST), legume-grass pasture plus whole corn grain (WCG) supplementation (SUPP), and only with WCG (GRAIN) on fatty acids profile, volatile compounds, sensory, and texture attributes were studied. Pasture diets (PAST and SUPP) led to lower n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001), and highest deposition of C18:2 cis-9 trans-11 (P < 0.001) in the lean. Beef from steers fed GRAIN had the highest values of volatile compounds associated with lipid oxidation. Off-flavor intensity was significantly greater on beef from steers fed GRAIN when compared to PAST. Overall, muscles from steers finished on PAST and SUPP showed similar attributes but differ when compared to GRAIN. The presence of forage is essential to improve fatty acid profile, decrease volatile compounds associated with lipid oxidation, and minimize off-flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P B Fruet
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil; Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. mail stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
| | - F Trombetta
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - F S Stefanello
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - C S Speroni
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - J Z Donadel
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - A N M De Souza
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - A Rosado Júnior
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - C J Tonetto
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - R Wagner
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - A De Mello
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. mail stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - J L Nörnberg
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
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Zhang F, Ekine-Dzivenu C, Vinsky M, Basarab JA, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER, Li C. Phenotypic and genetic relationships of residual feed intake measures and their component traits with fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2813-1824. [PMID: 28727111 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency is of particular interest to the beef industry because feed is the largest variable cost in production and fatty acid composition is emerging as an important trait, both economically and socially, due to the potential implications of dietary fatty acids on human health. Quantifying correlations between feed efficiency and fatty acid composition will contribute to construction of optimal multiple-trait selection indexes to maximize beef production profitability. In the present study, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlations of feed efficiency measures including residual feed intake (RFI), RFI adjusted for final ultrasound backfat thickness (RFIf); their component traits ADG, DMI, and metabolic BW; and final ultrasound backfat thickness measured at the end of feedlot test with 25 major fatty acids in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of 1,366 finishing steers and heifers using bivariate animal models. The phenotypic correlations of RFI and RFIf with the 25 individual and grouped fatty acid traits were generally low (<0.25 in magnitude). However, relatively stronger genetic correlation coefficients of RFI and RFIf with PUFA traits including the -6:-3 ratio (0.52 ± 0.29 and 0.45 ± 0.31, respectively), 18:2-6 (0.45 ± 0.18 and 0.40 ± 0.19, respectively), -6 (0.43 ± 0.18 and 0.38 ± 0.19, respectively), PUFA (0.42 ± 0.18 and 0.36 ± 0.20, respectively), and 9-16:1 (-0.43 ± 0.20 and -0.33 ± 0.22, respectively) were observed. Hence, selection for low-RFI or more efficient beef cattle will improve fatty acid profiles by lowering the content of -6 PUFA, thus reducing the ratio of -6 to -3 along with increasing the amount of 9-16:1. Moderate to moderately high genetic correlations were also observed for DMI with 9-14:1 (-0.32 ± 0.17) and the sum of CLA analyzed (SumCLA; -0.45 ± 0.21), suggesting that selection of beef cattle with lower DMI will lead to an increase amount of 9-14:1 and SumCLA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, unfavorable genetic correlations were detected for ADG with 11-18:1 (-0.38 ± 0.23) and SumCLA (-0.73 ± 0.26), implying that selection of beef cattle with a better growth rate will decrease the contents of healthy fatty acids 11-18:1 and SumCLA. Therefore, it is recommended that a multiple-trait selection index be used when genetic improvements of fatty acid composition, feed efficiency, feed intake, and growth are important in the breeding objective.
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Ekine-Dzivenu C, Vinsky M, Basarab JA, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER, Li C. Phenotypic and genetic correlations of fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue with carcass merit and meat tenderness traits in Canadian beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:5184-5196. [PMID: 29293784 PMCID: PMC6292258 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivariate animal models were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations between 9 carcass merit and meat tenderness traits with 25 individual and grouped fatty acids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of a population of 1,366 Canadian beef cattle finishing heifers and steers. In general, phenotypic correlations were low (<0.25 in magnitude) except for moderate phenotypic correlations of 9-17:1 (-0.29 ± 0.16), 18:0 (0.26 ± 0.14), 11-18:1 (-0.33 ± 0.15), 11-18:1 (0.35 ± 0.14) with Warner-Bratzler shear force measured 3 d postmortem and between 14:0 (-0.36 ± 0.1), 9-14:1 (-0.34 ± 0.08), 9-16:1 (-0.36 ± 0.08), 9-18:1 (0.26 ± 0.07), and sum of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA; -0.27 ± 0.06) and back fat thickness (BFAT). Genetic correlations were also low for most of the traits. However, moderate to moderately high genetic correlations (0.25 to 0.50 in magnitude) were detected for some traits, including 17:0 (0.4 ± 0.11), 18:0 (0.44 ± 0.12), 9-14:1 (-0.47 ± 0.11), 9-16:1 (-0.43 ± 0.11), and the -6:-3 PUFA ratio (-0.5 ± 0.15) with HCW; 9-14:1 (-0.41 ± 0.13) and 9-16:1 (-0.42 ± 0.13) with BFAT; 17:0 (0.43 ± 0.19) and BCFA (0.45 ± 0.19) with lean meat yield; 13-18:1 (0.40 ± 0.15) with carcass marbling score; sum of CLA (0.45 ± 0.22), 18:2-6 (0.47 ± 0.17), and sum of PUFA (0.48 ± 0.17) with overall tenderness measured 3 d postmortem; the -6:-3 PUFA ratio (0.41 ± 0.22) and sum of CLA (0.42 ± 0.25) with overall tenderness measured 29 d postmortem; and BCFA (0.41 ± 0.27) with Warner-Bratzler shear force measured 29 d postmortem. The genetic correlations observed in this study suggest that contents of some fatty acids in beef tissue and carcass merit and meat tenderness traits are likely influenced by a subset of the same genes in beef cattle. Due to some antagonistic genetic correlations, multiple-trait economic indexes are recommended when fatty acid composition, carcass merit, and meat tenderness traits are included in the breeding objective.
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Meignan T, Lechartier C, Chesneau G, Bareille N. Effects of feeding extruded linseed on production performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4394-4408. [PMID: 28390715 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects on production performance and milk fatty acid (FA) profile of feeding dairy cows extruded linseed (EL), a feed rich in α-linolenic acid, and to assess the variability of the responses related to the dose of EL and the basal diet composition. This meta-analysis was carried out using only data from trials including a control diet without fat supplementation. The dependent variables were defined by the mean differences between values from EL-supplemented groups and values from control groups. The data were processed by regression testing the dose effect, multivariable regression testing the effect of each potential interfering factor associated with the dose effect, and then stepwise regression with backward elimination procedure with all potential interfering factors retained in previous steps. This entire strategy was also applied to a restricted data set, including only trials conducted inside a practical range of fat feeding (only supplemented diets with <60 g of fat/kg of dry matter and supplemented with <600 g of fat from EL). The whole data set consisted of 17 publications, representing 21 control diets and 29 EL-supplemented diets. The daily intake of fat from EL supplementation ranged from 87 to 1,194 g/cow per day. The dry matter intake was numerically reduced in high-fat diets. Extruded linseed supplementation increased milk yield (0.72 kg/d in the restricted data set) and decreased milk protein content by a dilutive effect (-0.58 g/kg in the restricted data set). No effect of dose or diet was identified on dry matter intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. Milk fat content decreased when EL was supplemented to diets with high proportion of corn silage in the forage (-2.8 g/kg between low and high corn silage-based diets in the restricted data set) but did not decrease when the diet contained alfalfa hay. Milk trans-10 18:1 proportion increased when EL was supplemented to high corn silage-based diets. A shift in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways, from trans-11 18:1 to trans-10 18:1, probably occurred when supplementing EL with high corn silage-based diets related to a change in the activity or composition of the microbial equilibrium in the rumen. The sum of pairs 4:0 to 14:0 (FA synthesized de novo by the udder), palmitic acid, and the sum of saturated FA decreased linearly, whereas oleic acid, vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, α-linolenic acid, and the sums of mono- and polyunsaturated FA increased linearly when the daily intake of fat from EL was increased. In experimental conditions, EL supplementation increased linearly proportions of potentially human health-beneficial FA in milk (i.e., oleic acid, vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, α-linolenic acid, total polyunsaturated FA), but should be used cautiously in corn silage-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meignan
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307 Nantes, France; Valorex, La Messayais, F-35210 Combourtillé, France.
| | - C Lechartier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Systèmes d'Elevage, Univ Bretagne Loire, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures, 55 rue Rabelais, F-49007 Angers, France
| | - G Chesneau
- Valorex, La Messayais, F-35210 Combourtillé, France
| | - N Bareille
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307 Nantes, France
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Kuhnt K, Degen C, Jahreis G. Evaluation of the Impact of Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Important Aspects to Consider. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1964-80. [PMID: 25746671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.808605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The definition and evaluation of trans fatty acids (TFA) with regard to foodstuffs and health hazard are not consistent. Based on the current situation, the term should be restricted only to TFA with isolated double bonds in trans-configuration. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) should be separately assessed. Ideally, the origin of the consumed fat should be declared, i.e., ruminant TFA (R-TFA) and industrial TFA (non-ruminant; I-TFA). In ruminant fat, more than 50% of R-TFA consists of vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11). In addition, natural CLA, i.e., c9,t11 CLA is also present. Both are elevated in products from organic farming. In contrast to elaidic acid (t9) and t10, which occur mainly in partially hydrogenated industrial fat, t11 is partially metabolized into c9,t11 CLA via Δ9-desaturation. This is the major metabolic criterion used to differentiate between t11 and other trans C18:1. t11 indicates health beneficial effects in several studies. Moreover, CLA in milk fat is associated with the prevention of allergy and asthma. An analysis of the few studies relating to R-TFA alone makes clear that no convincing adverse physiological effect can be attributed to R-TFA. Only extremely high R-TFA intakes cause negative change in blood lipids. In conclusion, in most European countries, the intake of R-TFA is assessed as being low to moderate. Restriction of R-TFA would unjustifiably represent a disadvantage for organic farming of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
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Belaunzaran X, Lavín P, Barron LJR, Mantecón AR, Kramer JKG, Aldai N. An assessment of the fatty acid composition of horse-meat available at the retail level in northern Spain. Meat Sci 2016; 124:39-47. [PMID: 27835833 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the fatty acid composition of horse-meat available at the retail market in northern Spain. Horse steaks (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle; n=82) were purchased from butcher-shops and large grocery stores throughout six northern regions of Spain in two different seasons. Fat content differed significantly among regions (1.12 to 2.77%). Samples with higher intramuscular fat content presented the highest percentages of total monounsaturated fatty acids and the lowest contents of dimethylacetal and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while the opposite was found in the leanest samples. A high variability was observed in the muscle and subcutaneous n-3 PUFA content. Overall, total n-3 PUFA content ranged between 1.17% and 18.9% in muscle fat and between 1.52% and 27.9% in backfat. Interestingly, almost 5% of surveyed loins from horse carcasses (4 out of 82) contained over 300mg of linolenic acid per 100g of meat which could have been marketed as a "source" of n-3 FAs according to Commission Regulation (EU) No 116/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Belaunzaran
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Paz Lavín
- Mountain Livestock Institute, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Luis J R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Angel R Mantecón
- Mountain Livestock Institute, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - John K G Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Oliveira MA, Alves SP, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB. Effect of dietary starch level and its rumen degradability on lamb meat fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2016; 123:166-172. [PMID: 27744146 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Forty lambs were fed one of four diets supplemented with a linseed and sunflower oil blend but differing in starch level (mid, ≈35 vs. high, ≈50%) and starch rumen degradability (mid, ≈70 vs. high, ≈80%). The effects of diet on growth, carcass traits and meat fatty acid (FA) composition, with emphasis on biohydrogenation intermediates were evaluated. Lambs stayed on trial for 5weeks until slaughter. Treatment had no effect on animal performance and carcass traits. High-degradability diets decreased (P=0.04) meat shear force compared with mid-degradability diets. Lipid content of meat was unaffected by the diet. Mid-starch diets increased (P<0.05) the saturated FA and cis-MUFA but decreased (P<0.05) the trans-MUFA, particularly the t10-18:1, when compared with high-starch diets. The t11-18:1 (0.7% of total FA) and c9,t11-18:2 (<0.3%) remained low and the 18:3n-3 remained high (1.74%) and unaffected by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Santos-Silva
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção Animal e Saúde (UEISPSA-INIAV), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Leroux C, Bernard L, Faulconnier Y, Rouel J, de la Foye A, Domagalski J, Chilliard Y. Bovine Mammary Nutrigenomics and Changes in the Milk Composition due to Rapeseed or Sunflower Oil Supplementation of High-Forage or High-Concentrate Diets. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:65-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000445996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mapiye C, Vahmani P, Mlambo V, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Hoffman L, Dugan M. The trans-octadecenoic fatty acid profile of beef: Implications for global food and nutrition security. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vahmani P, Mapiye C, Prieto N, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER. The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26199725 PMCID: PMC4509462 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products, including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Nuria Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada ; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 1st Avenue South 5403, PO Box 3000, T1J 4B1 Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Jennifer L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
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Meale SJ, Chaves AV, He ML, Guan LL, McAllister TA. Effects of various dietary lipid additives on lamb performance, carcass characteristics, adipose tissue fatty acid composition, and wool characteristics. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3110-20. [PMID: 26115297 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tasco (Ascophyllum nodosum; TA) was compared to canola (CO), flax (FO), and safflower oils (SO) for effects on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue in skirt muscle (SM), subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues, and wool production and quality characteristics of Canadian Arcott lambs. Fifty-six lambs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 14 per treatment). Diets consisted of a pelleted, barley-based finishing diet containing either TA, CO, FO, or SO (2% of dietary DM). Feed deliveries and orts were recorded daily. Lambs were weighed weekly and slaughtered once they reached ≥ 45 kg BW. Carcass characteristics, rumen pH, and liver weights were determined at slaughter. Wool yield was determined on mid-side patches of 100 cm2 shorn at d 0 and on the day before slaughter (d 105 or 140). Dye-bands were used to determine wool growth, micrometer and staple length. Adipose tissues and SM samples were taken at slaughter and analyzed for FA profiles. No effects were observed on intake, growth, or carcass characteristics. A greater (P = 0.02) staple strength of lambs fed CO was the only effect observed in wool. Flax oil increased total n-3 and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio in tissue FA profiles (P < 0.001) in comparison to other diets. Tasco increased (P ≤ 0.001) SFA/PUFA in all tissues, whereas concentrations of CLA c-9, t-11 were greatest with SO in all tissues (P ≤ 0.02), compared to other diets. These results suggest Tasco supplementation did not improve the n-3/n-6 or SFA/PUFA ratios of lamb adipose tissues compared to other dietary lipid additives.
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31
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Ayeb N, Addis M, Fiori M, Khorchani S, Atigui M, Khorchani T. Quality and fatty acid profile of the milk of indigenous goats subjected to different local diets in Tunisian arid lands. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:101-8. [PMID: 25989190 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study tested the hypothesis that certain pastoral forages and olive by-products, available in arid areas, may positively influence fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of goat's milk. Thirty indigenous goats (body weight = 25.2 kg; age = 4.1 years) were allocated to three groups. During 60 days, the goats received ad libitum either dried olive leaves + Stipa tenacissima (group OL), khortane grass hay (group Ko) or oat hay (control diet, group OH). Milk samples were collected and analysed for total solids, fat, protein, lactose and ash content and fatty acid profile. Average milk yield did not statistically differ among groups. Milk total solids from OL group were higher in comparison with Ko and C groups (15.3, 14.7 and 14.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Fat content was also higher for the OL group as compared to the other groups (5.44 vs. 5.01 and 4.66%, respectively, for Ko and OH). No significant differences were observed for the milk content of lactose, protein and ash. The percentage of saturated fatty acids of total milk fat was higher in OL and Ko groups compared to the C group (p < 0.001); the milk whereof was characterized by the highest percentage of monounsaturated (p < 0.01) and total unsaturated fatty acids. Milk fat of Ko and C groups showed significantly higher proportions of rumenic (CLA cis-9 trans-11) and vaccenic acids (C18:1 trans-11) compared to OL milk. The feeding system based on Stipa tenacissima and dried olive leaves resulted in the milk lowest proportion of trans-fatty acids and the highest proportion of polyunsaturated ω3-fatty acids (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ayeb
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur Agronomique, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - M Addis
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | - M Fiori
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | - S Khorchani
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - M Atigui
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - T Khorchani
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
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WANG TAO, LIM JINA, LEE JAESUNG, LEE SANGBUM, HWANG JINHEE, JUNG USUK, KIM MINJEONG, HWANG DAEYOUN, LEE SANGRAK, ROH SANGGUN, LEE HONGGU. Effects of dietary trans-9 octadecenoic acid, trans-11 vaccenic acid and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3200-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Interaction between fish oil and plant oils or starchy concentrates in the diet: Effects on dairy performance and milk fatty acid composition in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Mapiye C, Aalhus JL, Vahmani P, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Block HC, Uttaro B, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:54. [PMID: 25810905 PMCID: PMC4373243 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat (PRF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Diets included a control diet containing 70:30 red clover silage: barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed (SS) substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS-15) or 30% DDGS (DDGS-30). Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF (80:20 w/w). RESULTS Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more (P <0.05) 18:0, 11.8% less cis (c)9-18:1 (P <0.05), and 1.82% more total trans (t)-18:1 mainly in the form of t11-18:1. During sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater (P <0.05) mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased (P <0.05) t-18:1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of t11-18:1, feeding DGGS-15 diet led to no further changes (P >0.05), but feeding DDGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of (P <0.05) of t-18:1 chiefly t11-18:1. Feeding SS and DDGS diets had small but significant (P <0.05) effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. CONCLUSIONS Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% DDGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18:2n-6 biohydrogenation products (i.e., t11-18:1) with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cletos Mapiye
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada ; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Jennifer L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
| | - Timothy A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 1st Avenue South 5403, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada
| | - Hushton C Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
| | - Bethany Uttaro
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Diabetes and Mazankowski Institutes, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada
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Pasture v. standard dairy cream in high-fat diet-fed mice: improved metabolic outcomes and stronger intestinal barrier. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:520-35. [PMID: 24932525 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARα mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.
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Effect of vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissues of indoor lambs with special attention on rumen-derived trans monounsaturated fatty acids. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Types of Oilseed and Adipose Tissue Influence the Composition and Relationships of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products in Steers Fed a Grass Hay Diet. Lipids 2014; 49:275-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Extruded linseed and rapeseed both influenced fatty acid composition of total lipids and their polar and neutral fractions in longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus muscles of finishing Normand cows. Meat Sci 2014; 96:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Aldai N, de Renobales M, Barron LJR, Kramer JKG. What are thetransfatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially producedtransfats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Mertxe de Renobales
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Luis Javier R. Barron
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - John K. G. Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Guelph ON Canada
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40
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Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME. Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:41. [PMID: 24188642 PMCID: PMC3874639 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the subcutaneous fatty acid (FA) composition of calf- and yearling-fed steers with or without growth promoting implants. Crossbred steers (n = 112; 267 ± 5.0 kg) of the same contemporary group were allocated to one of four production system and implant strategy based treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. RESULTS There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between production systems and growth promoting implants for the total and individual subcutaneous FA. Yearling as opposed to calf finishing reduced (P < 0.05) subcutaneous proportions of C20:3n-6, trans (t)12-18:1, C14:0, several minor cis-monounsaturated FA (c-MUFA; c9-14:1, c11-16:1, c11-18:1, c12-18:1, c13-18:1, c9-20:1 and c11-20:1), and increased (P < 0 .05) subcutaneous proportions of t11c15-18:2, total and individual branched-chain FA. Subcutaneous fat from steers implanted with growth promotants had higher (P < 0.05) proportions of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), total n-6 PUFA, C18:2n-6 and individual t-18:1 isomers (t6 to t10) compared to non-implanted steers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, current findings show that production systems and growth promotants led to only minor differences in subcutaneous FA composition of beef steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Er Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1 W1, Canada.
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González L, Moreno T, Bispo E, Dugan MER, Franco D. Effect of supplementing different oils: linseed, sunflower and soybean, on animal performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of veal from "Rubia Gallega" calves. Meat Sci 2013; 96:829-36. [PMID: 24200577 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of longisimus dorsi (LD) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) from Rubia Gallega (RG) calves was compared for three dietary oil sources (linseed, LO; sunflower, SFO or soybean, SYO). Oils were added (4.5%) to a commercial concentrate and no differences on animal performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality among diets were noted. Total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) increased in LD and SCF when feeding LO diet (P<0.001). The trans(t) FA profiles were dominated by t11-18:1, except when feeding SFO diet, where ∑t6- to t10-18:1 exceeded t11-18:1 leading the highest (∑t6-to t10-18:1)/t11-18:11 ratio in LD (P<0.05). The overall changes in n-3 PUFA and t18:1 when feeding LO and SYO could be viewed as positive for human health, but quantitatively it was apparent that most dietary PUFA were completely biohydrogenated. Inhibiting PUFA biohydrogenation will be an important next step to improve the FA composition of RG cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (C.I.A.M), INGACAL, Apdo 10, 15080 A Coruña, Spain.
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42
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Ferlay A, Doreau M, Martin C, Chilliard Y. Effects of incremental amounts of extruded linseed on the milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows receiving hay or corn silage. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6577-95. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Increasing concentrations of wheat dry distillers’ grains with solubles in iso-nitrogenous finishing diets reduce lamb performance. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Avila-Stagno J, Chaves AV, He ML, Harstad OM, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, McAllister TA. Effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:829-37. [PMID: 23148243 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on total tract digestibility, methane (CH4) emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. In both experiments, the control diet contained 57% barley grain, 14.5% wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (WDDGS), 13% sunflower hulls, 6.5% beet pulp, 6.3% alfalfa, and 3% mineral-vitamin mix. Increasing concentrations (7, 14, and 21% dietary DM) of glycerol in the dietary DM were replaced for barley grain. As glycerol was added, alfalfa meal and WDDGS were increased to maintain similar concentrations of CP and NDF among diets. In Exp.1, nutrient digestibility and CH4 emissions from 12 ram lambs were measured in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. In Exp. 2, lamb performance was evaluated in 60 weaned lambs that were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments and fed to slaughter weight. In Exp. 1, nutrient digestibility and CH4 emissions were not altered (P = 0.15) by inclusion of glycerol in the diets. In Exp.2, increasing glycerol in the diet linearly decreased DMI (P < 0.01) and tended (P = 0.06) to reduce ADG, resulting in a linearly decreased final BW. Feed efficiency was not affected by glycerol inclusion in the diets. Carcass traits and total SFA or total MUFA proportions of subcutaneous fat were not affected (P = 0.77) by inclusion of glycerol, but PUFA were linearly decreased (P < 0.01). Proportions of 16:0, 10t-18:1, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and the n-6/n-3 ratio were linearly reduced (P < 0.01) and those of 18:0 (stearic acid), 9c-18:1 (oleic acid), linearly increased (P < 0.01) by glycerol. When included up to 21% of diet DM, glycerol did not affect nutrient digestibility or CH4 emissions of lambs fed barley based finishing diets. Glycerol may improve backfat fatty acid profiles by increasing 18:0 and 9c-18:1 and reducing 10t-18:1 and the n-6/n-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Avila-Stagno
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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46
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The labile lipid fraction of meat: From perceived disease and waste to health and opportunity. Meat Sci 2012; 92:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
It is well known that any quantitative (energy and protein levels) and qualitative (nature of the diet, nutrient dynamic) changes in the feeding of animals affect metabolism. Energy expenditure and feed efficiency at the whole-body level, nutrient partitioning between and within tissues and organs and, ultimately, tissue and organ characteristics are the major regulated traits with consequences on the quality of the meat and milk produced. Recent progress in biology has brought to light important biological mechanisms which explain these observations: for instance, regulation by the nutrients of gene expression or of key metabolic enzyme activity, interaction and sometimes cross-regulation or competition between nutrients to provide free energy (ATP) to living cells, indirect action of nutrients through a complex hormonal action, and, particularly in herbivores, interactions between trans-fatty acids produced in the rumen and tissue metabolism. One of the main targets of this nutritional regulation is a modification of tissue insulin sensitivity and hence of insulin action. In addition, the nutritional control of mitochondrial activity (and hence of nutrient catabolism) is another major mechanism by which nutrients may affect body composition and tissue characteristics. These regulations are of great importance in the most metabolically active tissues (the digestive tract and the liver) and may have undesirable (i.e. diabetes and obesity in humans) or desirable consequences (such as the production of fatty liver by ducks and geese, and the production of fatty and hence tasty meat or milk with an adapted fatty acid profile).
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Toral PG, Chilliard Y, Bernard L. Short communication: in vivo deposition of [1-13C]vaccenic acid and the product of its Δ9-desaturation, [1-13C]rumenic acid, in the body tissues of lactating goats fed oils. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6755-9. [PMID: 22959933 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in lactating goats with the aim of measuring the deposition of trans-11 18:1 (vaccenic acid, VA) and the product of its Δ(9)-desaturation, cis-9, trans-11 18:2 (rumenic acid, RA), in the major tissues that are involved in lipid metabolism in the lactating ruminant (i.e., mammary secretory tissue, liver, and omental and perirenal adipose tissues) and examining its potential link with variations in the expression of genes encoding Δ(9)-desaturase [stearoyl-CoA desaturases 1 and 5 (SCD1 and SCD5)]. Eight lactating goats were fed a diet supplemented with sunflower oil (n=4) or sunflower oil plus fish oil and additional starch (n=4), based on the hypothesis that these dietary treatments could affect Δ(9)-desaturase gene expression in specific tissues. A chemical tracer, 1.5 g of [1-13C]VA as nonesterified fatty acid, was delivered by jugular injection. Goats were slaughtered 4 d later, and tissue samples were collected for the measurement of [13C]VA and [13C]RA enrichment and SCD1 and SCD5 expression. The addition of fish oil and additional starch to a diet containing sunflower oil was associated with several changes in [13C]VA and [13C]RA enrichment. These results support previous studies suggesting that mammary secretory tissue is the primary site of Δ(9)-desaturation in lactating goats. In adipose tissues, the [13C]VA + [13C]RA enrichment was consistent with a net uptake of circulating fatty acids to reconstitute body reserves at the end of the lactation cycle. The putative uptake of [13C]RA synthesized by other tissues precludes any conclusion from being drawn regarding potential Δ(9)-desaturation in the liver of goats, despite the detection of SCD1 and SCD5 mRNA in this tissue. Finally, no significant effect of dietary treatment was observed for SCD1 or SCD5 mRNA abundance in the mammary secretory tissue or other body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Equipe Alimentation Génomique Lactation, Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Martínez Marín AL, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro G, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente MA. Effects of feeding increasing dietary levels of high oleic or regular sunflower or linseed oil on fatty acid profile of goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1942-55. [PMID: 22459841 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of increasing amounts of 3 plant oils in diets on the fatty acid (FA) profile of goat milk were studied. The study consisted of 3 experiments, one per oil tested (linseed oil, LO; high oleic sunflower oil, HOSFO; and regular sunflower oil, RSFO). The 3 experiments were conducted successively on 12 Malagueña goats, which were assigned at random to 1 of 4 treatments: 0, 30, 48, and 66 (H) g of added oil/d. A basal diet made of alfalfa hay and pelleted concentrate (33:67) was used in all of the experiments. For each animal, milk samples collected after 15 d on treatments were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, and FA composition, whereas individual milk yield was measured the last 3 d of each experiment. Oil supplementation affected neither dry matter intake nor milk production traits. Increasing the oil supplementation decreased the content of saturated FA (especially 16:0) in milk fat and increased mono- and polyunsaturated FA in a linear manner. Vaccenic acid content linearly increased with the oil supplementation by 370, 217, and 634% to 5.32, 2.66, and 5.09 g/100 g of total FA methyl esters with the H diet in LO, HOSFO, and RSFO experiments, respectively. Rumenic acid content linearly increased with LO and RSFO supplementation by 298 and 354% from 0.53 and 0.41 g/100 g of total FA methyl esters with the 0 g of added oil/d diet. The content of trans-10-18:1 was not affected by LO supplementation but showed an increasing linear trend with HOSFO supplementation and linearly increased with RSFO supplementation. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated FA in milk fat was decreased by about 70% with the H diet in the LO experiment and it was increased by 54 and 82% with the H diet in the HOSFO and RSFO experiments. In conclusion, LO supplementation in this work seemed to be the most favorable alternative compared with HOSFO or RSFO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal (Universidad de Córdoba), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, s/n. Campus de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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50
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He M, Yang W, Dugan M, Beauchemin K, McKinnon J, McAllister T. Substitution of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for barley silage and barley grain in a finishing diet increases polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in beef. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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