1
|
Abstract
Goat meat could be a sustainable source of red meat. Its farming requires minimal input, is suitable for free-range farming, and produces a healthier red meat option as it is lean. Although goat meat has advantages for meat production, it still needs to be established as a valuable part of the meat trade market. But, currently, goat meat production is less specialized; there is less intense breed selection for premium meat production, and often the animals are farmed with a multifunctional purpose, such as for their meat, fiber, and milk. The less structured goat meat industry contributes to the inconsistent quality of goat meat. This paper attempts to describe the characteristics of popular goat breeds and indigenous goats as a source of meat and the potential of various goat breeds for meat production. Additionally, this paper presents goat meat's quality and physicochemical and sensory attributes that are relevant to understanding the unique attributes of goat meat. Much work is needed for the goat meat processing industry to develop its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariero Gawat
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (M.G.); (J.S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Mike Boland
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (M.G.); (J.S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Lovedeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (M.G.); (J.S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayeb N, Addis M, Fiori M, Atti N, Barmat A, Hammadi M, Boukhris H, Damergi C, Khorchani T. Effect of local diets on nutritional and sensory quality of meat of indigenous goats in Tunisian arid regions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1637-1645. [PMID: 31389084 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of natural resources in small ruminants feeding can reduce the cost of feed and produce good meat quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of local feed resources on the physico-chemical aspects, the sensorial characteristics and the fatty acid profile of goat kid's meat. Twenty-six kids are divided in three groups (average body weight = 15.85 kg; age = 4 months). The groups received oat hay (group control C), dried olive leaves + dried Stipa tenacissima (group OL) or grass hay (group Ko). The animals were slaughtered after 90 days of experience, with an approximate final live weight of 18.5 kg. Total solids, pH, fat, crude protein, vitamin, cholesterol and fatty acid contents of meat were determined. The OL group had the highest ultimate pH (6.82 vs. 6.73); cooking loss, gross composition (total solids, protein and fat), cholesterol and colour coordinates (L, a* and b*) were similar among groups. The vitamin E, affected by diet, was higher in group OL than the other groups (3.71 mg/kg vs. 1.32 and 2.17 mg/kg, respectively, for C and Ko groups). Moreover, meat from this group showed the highest saturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in the meat of C and Ko groups. On the other side, polyunsaturated fatty acid level was not affected by the diet treatment. The n6/n3 ratio was significantly affected by the diet; it was lower in meat of groups Ko and OL (3.17 and 3.38 respectively). The feeding effect on sensory quality of meat was not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naziha Ayeb
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Margherita Addis
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Bonassai, Italy
| | - Myriam Fiori
- Department of Animal Production Research, AGRIS-Sardegna, Bonassai, Italy
| | - Naziha Atti
- Laboratoire de Productions Animales et Fourragères, INRA, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Barmat
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Hager Boukhris
- Instiut National Agronomique, Cité Mahrajène, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Damergi
- Instiut National Agronomique, Cité Mahrajène, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Medenine, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
E G, Hong Q, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Chu M, Zhu L, Huang Y. Genetic diversity estimation of Yunnan indigenous goat breeds using microsatellite markers. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5916-5924. [PMID: 31161008 PMCID: PMC6540658 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the genetic diversity of seven Yunnan indigenous goat populations (Fengqing hornless goat, Mile red-bone goat, Longling goat, Ninglang black goat, Black-bone goat, Yunling black goat, and Zhaotong goat), their population structures were investigated using 20 microsatellite markers. RESULTS The results indicated that the genetic diversity of these goats was rich. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4667 ± 0.0243 to 0.5793 ± 0.0230, and the mean number of alleles ranged from 4.80 ± 1.61 and 4.80 ± 1.64 to 6.20 ± 2.93. The population structure analysis showed that these seven goat populations were separated into two clusters, consistent with the results from phylogenetic networks, pairwise differences, and STRUCTURE analyses. We speculate that this may have been caused by natural geographical isolation, human migration and economic and cultural exchanges. We suggest removing CSRD247 and ILSTS005, two loci identified to be under positive selection in the present study, from the microsatellite evaluation system of goats. CONCLUSIONS The present study may provide a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of Yunnan indigenous goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Xin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Qiong‐Hua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary InstituteKunmingChina
| | - Yong‐Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue‐Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Ming‐Xing Chu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Lan Zhu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Fu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pragna P, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Archana PR, Soren NM, Beena V, Bhatta R. Comparative assessment of growth performance of three different indigenous goat breeds exposed to summer heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:825-836. [PMID: 29582479 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess comparatively the growth performance of three different indigenous goat breeds during exposure to summer heat stress. The primary objective of the study was to observe the heat stress impact on the growth performance based on the body weight changes, allometric measurements, growth hormone (GH) concentration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression pattern during the summer season in comparison with the local breed (Osmanabadi). Thirty-six ten-month- to one-year-old female goats of Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem Black breeds were randomly divided into six groups, OC (n = 6; Osmanabadi control), OHS (n = 6; Osmanabadi heat stress), MC (n = 6; Malabari control), MHS (n = 6; Malabari heat stress), SBC (n = 6; Salem Black control) and SBHS (n = 6; Salem Black heat stress). Body weight was recorded at weekly intervals, whereas other growth and allometric measurements and blood collection were carried out at fortnightly intervals. Breed factor significantly (p < .05) influenced only few growth variables such as body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body condition score (BCS). However, heat stress treatment significantly (p < .05) reduced all growth parameters expect BMI. Further, the heat stress significantly (p < .01) increased plasma GH concentration in goats with significantly higher (p < .05) concentration recorded in OHS. Among the stress groups, the lower (p < .05) PBMC IGF-1 mRNA expression was recorded in OHS, while the higher (p < .05) expression was observed in SBHS indicating the extreme adaptive capability of Salem Black breed. Thus, the results indicated that the Salem Black breed performed much better compared to both Osmanabadi and Malabari breeds indicating the superior ability of this breed to adapt to heat stress challenges. The results also indicated that plasma GH and IGF-1 gene may act as ideal biomarkers for assessing the heat stress impact on growth performance in indigenous goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India.,Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India.,Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - P R Archana
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India.,Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India.,Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - N M Soren
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - V Beena
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|