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Kholif AE, Gouda GA, Morsy TA, Matloup OH, Sallam SM, Patra AK. Associative effects between Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and Moringa oleifera leaf silage used at different levels decreased in vitro ruminal greenhouse gas production and altered ruminal fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6001-6020. [PMID: 35986854 PMCID: PMC9894963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf silage and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae mixture used at different levels replacing concentrate feed mixture in the diets of ruminant were evaluated using an in vitro gas production technique. C. vulgaris was included in rations at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations. The concentrate feed mixture was replaced by M. oleifera silage up to 100%. Productions of total gas, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) and ruminal fermentation were measured. Interactions between M. oleifera and C. vulgaris levels were observed for the rate of total gas production, lag time of CH4 production, pH, and concentrations of ammonia-N (NH3-N), total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate. The lower level of C. vulgaris increased total gas production and decreased CH4 and CO2 production as well as improved nutrient degradability compared to the other levels of C. vulgaris which showed less improvement in these parameters. The replacement levels of concentrate at 10 to 40% with M. oleifera linearly increased the asymptotic total gas production and degradabilities of dry matter and acid detergent fiber (P<0.05), while the replacement levels of 80 to 100% lowered the asymptotic (P<0.01) for the ration containing 1% C. vulgaris. Rations containing M. oleifera linearly increased the lag time of total gas production (P<0.05), neutral detergent fiber degradability, and ruminal bacteria count and decreased the asymptotic CH4 and CO2 production and ruminal protozoal count (P<0.05). For the rations containing 2 and 3% C. vulgaris, M. oleifera linearly (P<0.01) decreased the asymptotic total gas, CH4 and CO2 production, and ruminal protozoal count. The lag time of CH4 production was not affected at 1% C. vulgaris, but reduced linearly at 2% and 3% C. vulgaris. Ruminal pH was not affected by M. oleifera, but was increased by C. vulgaris at 3% level. Overall, M. oleifera in the ration containing C. vulgaris at all levels increased ruminal NH3-N concentration; however, C. vulgaris at 2% level and M. oleifera at levels up to 40% lowered NH3-N concentration. M. oleifera rations with 1% and 2% C. vulgaris increased the concentrations of total VFA and propionate, whereas these variables were not affected at 3% C. vulgaris level. In conclusion, replacement of concentrate mixture with M. oleifera at 30% level and C. vulgaris at 1% in the diet due to associative effects may improve ruminal fermentation and feed degradability while decreasing CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eid Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Osama Hefiny Matloup
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Mohamed Sallam
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, India
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Opportunities and limitations of a standardisation of the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) for analyses of ruminal nutrient degradation and fermentation and on microbial community characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brede J, Peukert M, Egert B, Breves G, Brede M. Long-Term Mootral Application Impacts Methane Production and the Microbial Community in the Rumen Simulation Technique System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691502. [PMID: 34690944 PMCID: PMC8531547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane emissions by ruminants contribute to global warming and result in a loss of dietary energy for the animals. One possibility of reducing methane emissions is by dietary strategies. In the present trial, we investigated the long-term effects of Mootral, a feed additive consisting of garlic powder (Allium sativum) and bitter orange extracts (Citrus aurantium), on fermentation parameters and the microbial community in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. The experiment lasted 38 days and was divided into three phases: an equilibration period of 7 days, a baseline period (BL) of 3 days, and experimental period (EP) of 28 days. Twelve fermentation vessels were divided into three groups (n = 4): control (CON), short-term (ST), and long-term (LT) application. From day 11 to day 27, 1.7 g of Mootral was added to the ST vessels; LT vessels received 1.7 g of Mootral daily for the entire EP. With the onset of Mootral application, methane production was significantly reduced in both groups until day 18. Thereafter, the production rate returned to the initial quantity. Furthermore, the short chain fatty acid fermentation profile was significantly altered by Mootral application; the molar proportion of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate and butyrate increased. Metabolomic analysis revealed further changes in metabolite concentrations associated with the Mootral supplementation period. The methyl coenzyme-M reductase gene copy number was reduced in the liquid and solid phase, whereas the treatment did not affect the abundance of bacteria. At the end of the BL, Methanomicrobia was the most abundant archaeal class. Mootral supplementation induced an increase in the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales and a reduction in the relative abundance of Methanomicrobia, however, this effect was transient. Abundances of bacterial families were only marginally altered by the treatment. In conclusion, Mootral has the transient ability to reduce methane production significantly due to a selective effect on archaea numbers and archaeal community composition with little effect on the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Brede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Manuela Peukert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Melanie Brede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Ebeid HM, Hassan FU, Li M, Peng L, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. Camelina sativa L. Oil Mitigates Enteric in vitro Methane Production, Modulates Ruminal Fermentation, and Ruminal Bacterial Diversity in Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:550. [PMID: 33005640 PMCID: PMC7479821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Camelina sativa oil (CO) on fermentation kinetics and methane (CH4) production in rations with different roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. Three total mixed rations (TMRs) were used as substrates (R70:C30, R50:C50, and R30:C70) supplemented with different levels of CO (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% on dry matter basis) in an in vitro batch culture system. The enteric CH4 production was determined at different times of incubation while fermentation parameters were measured at the end of incubation. Results revealed that CO significantly decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 production at 48 h in medium (R50:C50) and low- (R30:C70) roughage diets than control. Camelina oil at all levels significantly (P < 0.05) affected ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and microbial protein (MCP) in all rations. Propionate concentration was increased by supplementing 8% CO to R70:C30 TMR, but it decreased with increasing levels of CO for low- and medium-roughage diets. Acetate concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 4% CO supplementation, but it decreased with 8% CO level in R30:C70 TMR. For all rations, CO decreased (P < 0.001) total bacteria, protozoa, and methanogens. Total fungi counts were affected by CO in all rations, especially with a 6% level in two rations (R30:C70 and R50:C50) and 8% level with high-roughage ration (R70:C30). Supplementation of CO in medium-roughage ration (R50:C50) showed a linear (P < 0.05) decrease in bacterial richness and evenness indices along with Shannon diversity as compared to the control. Moreover, CO also increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in all TMRs more effectively at higher levels. Camelina oil also affected the relative abundance of Prevotella in both low- and medium-roughage diets while increasing the abundance of Ruminobacter and Pseudobutyrivibrio. The present study concluded that CO enhanced fermentation kinetics while decreasing enteric in vitro CH4 production from fibrous diets. Thus, it may be considered as a potentially effective and environmentally friendly way of mitigating CH4 emission from livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M Ebeid
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Orton T, Rohn K, Breves G, Brede M. Alterations in fermentation parameters during and after induction of a subacute rumen acidosis in the rumen simulation technique. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1678-1689. [PMID: 32596984 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common problem in dairy cattle. High-concentrate rations lead to an accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen and a subsequent decrease in ruminal pH. As SARA impairs animal welfare and productivity, numerous in vivo studies are focusing on evaluation of prevention strategies. In vitro models can support this research and reduce animal numbers and experimental costs. We used different diets and buffer compositions to induce SARA in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) and investigated the recovery process. The experiment consisted of an equilibration period (7 days), a first control period, a SARA period and a second control period (5 days each). During the SARA period, SARA was induced by infusing SARA1 or SARA2 buffer with reduced bicarbonate (20 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L) and phosphate (both 10 mmol/L) contents compared to a modified McDougall's buffer (bicarbonate 97.9 mmol/L, phosphates 20 mmol/L). Additionally, we compared three feeding strategies, which differed in the concentrate-to-roughage ratio (30:70, 70:30, changing ratio: 30% concentrate in control periods and 70% concentrate in SARA period). During the SARA period, the pH decreased to a constant value below the SARA thresholds of pH 5.8 and 5.6, whereas lactate concentrations remained low. The total SCFA production rate declined 3 days after SARA induction, and the molar proportion of acetate decreased. The decrease in pH and SCFA production was more pronounced for SARA1 buffer. The high-concentrate diet reduced the molar proportion of acetate and increased NH3 -N concentrations. During the second control period, most parameters recovered. In conclusion, SARA conditions were successfully induced in the Rusitec. However, we observed a higher influence of buffer composition than of concentrate proportions on most biochemical parameters. Nearly all changes were reversible. This model can be applied to test acidosis prevention strategies prior to animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Orton
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Brede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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In Vitro Techniques Using the Daisy II Incubator for the Assessment of Digestibility: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050775. [PMID: 32365689 PMCID: PMC7278437 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ankom DaisyII incubator (ADII; Ankom Technology Corporation Fairport, NY, USA) has gained acceptance as an alternative to traditional in vitro procedures. It reduces the labour requirement and increases the number of determinations that can be completed by a single operator. The apparatus allows for the simultaneous incubation of several feedstuffs in sealed polyester bags in the same incubation vessel, which is rotated continuously at 39.5 °C. With this method, the material that disappears from the bag during incubation is considered digestible. The method, which was first developed to predict the digestibility of feedstuffs for ruminants, has been modified and adapted to improve its accuracy and prediction capacity. Modifications used by various researchers include the use of different inocula, buffer solutions, and sample weights. Recently, attempts have been made to adapt the method to determine nutrient digestibility of feedstuff in non-ruminant animals, including pets. Abstract This review summarises the use of the Ankom DaisyII incubator (ADII; Ankom Technology Corporation Fairport, NY, USA), as presented in studies on digestibility, and its extension to other species apart from ruminants, from its introduction until today. This technique has been modified and adapted to allow for different types of investigations to be conducted. Researchers have studied and tested different procedures, and the main sources of variation have been found to be: the inoculum source, sample size, sample preparation, and bag type. In vitro digestibility methods, applied to the ADII incubator, have been reviewed, the precision and accuracy of the method using the ADII incubator have been dealt with, and comparisons with other methods have been made. Moreover, some hypotheses on the possible evolutions of this technology in non-ruminants, including pets, have been described. To date, there are no standardised protocols for the collection, storage, and transportation of rumen fluid or faeces. There is also still a need to standardise the procedures for washing the bags after digestion. Moreover, some performance metrics of the instrument (such as the reliability of the rotation mechanism of the jars) still require improvement.
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Spanghero M, Chiaravalli M, Colombini S, Fabro C, Froldi F, Mason F, Moschini M, Sarnataro C, Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F. Rumen Inoculum Collected from Cows at Slaughter or from a Continuous Fermenter and Preserved in Warm, Refrigerated, Chilled or Freeze-Dried Environments for In Vitro Tests. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100815. [PMID: 31623149 PMCID: PMC6826744 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of animal donors of rumen fluid for laboratory experiments can raise ethical concerns, and alternatives to the collection of rumen fluids from live animals are urgently requested. The aim of this study was to compare the fresh rumen fluid (collected at slaughter, W) with that obtained from a continuous fermenter (RCF) and three methods of rumen fluid preservation (refrigeration, R, chilling, C, and freeze-drying, FD). The fermentability of different inoculum was evaluated by three in vitro tests (neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) degradability and gas production, NDFd, RDP and GP, respectively) using six feeds as substrates. Despite the two types of inoculum differed in terms of metabolites and microbiota concentration, the differences in vitro fermentability between the two liquids were less pronounced than expected (-15 and 20% for NDFd and GP when the liquid of fermenter was used and no differences for RDP). Within each in vitro test, the data obtained from rumen and from fermenter liquids were highly correlated for the six feeds, as well as between W and R (r: 0.837-0.985; p < 0.01). The low fermentative capacity was found for C and, particularly, FD for liquids. RCF could be used to generate inoculum for in vitro purposes and short-term refrigeration is a valuable practice to manage inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Spanghero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiaravalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carla Fabro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Federico Froldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Federico Mason
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IARFR PAS), 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Moschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sarnataro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
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Dillard SL, Roca-Fernández AI, Rubano MD, Soder KJ. Evaluation of a single-flow continuous culture fermenter system for determination of ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1313-1324. [PMID: 31298448 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 4-unit, single-flow continuous culture fermenter system was developed to assess in vitro nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and daily enteric methane (CH4 ) production of ruminant diets. The objective was to develop a closed-vessel system that maintained protozoal populations and provided accurate predictions of total CH4 production. A diet of 50% orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and 50% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was fed during 4, 10-day periods (7-day adaptation and 3-day collection). Fermenters were fed 82 g of dry matter (DM)/day in four equal feedings. pH and temperature were taken every 2 min, and CH4 concentration was measured every 10 min. Samples for DM and protozoal counts were taken daily, and daily effluent samples were collected for determination of DM, VFA and NH3 -N concentrations. There was no effect (p > 0.17) of adaptation versus collection days on vessel and effluent DM, temperature or pH. Initial protozoal counts decreased (p < 0.01), but recovered to initial counts by the collection period. Total VFA, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations did not differ (p ≥ 0.13) among periods or days of the collection period. There was no difference (p ≥ 0.37) among days or periods in total daily CH4 production and CH4 production per g of OM, NDF, digestible OM or digestible NDF fed. Data collected throughout 4 experimental periods demonstrated that the system was able to reach a steady state in fermentation well within the 7-day adaptation period and even typically variable data (i.e., CH4 production) were stable within and across periods. While further research is needed to determine the relationship between this system and in vivo data, this continuous culture fermenter system provides a valid comparison of in vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric CH4 production of ruminant diets that can then be further validated with in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leanne Dillard
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana I Roca-Fernández
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Depto. Producción Vegetal, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, España
| | - Melissa D Rubano
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy J Soder
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Capelari M, Johnson KA, Latack B, Roth J, Powers W. The effect of encapsulated nitrate and monensin on ruminal fermentation using a semi-continuous culture system. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3446-3459. [PMID: 29800454 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because enteric methane (CH4) production from ruminants represents a source of greenhouse gas emissions and an energy loss for the host animal alternatives to minimize emissions is a current research priority. Seven 37-d trials tested the effect of encapsulated nitrate (EN) and sodium monensin (MON) in diets commonly fed to dairy (DAIRY; 50:50 forage to concentrate; four trials) and beef cattle (BEEF; 15:85 forage to concentrate; three trials) on rumen fermentation and CH4 production using a semi-continuous fermentation system. A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used and additives (0, 1.25, and 2.5% of EN; 0 and 4 mg/L of MON) were tested alone and combined (EN + MON) totaling six treatments. Rumen fluid was pooled from five nonadapted lactating cows fed 50:50 forage to concentrate diet 3 h after morning feeding, and 1 L of processed inoculum was transferred to 2.2-L vessels. Treatment diets were added to nylon bags which remained in the anaerobic fermentation of mixed rumen microorganisms for 48 h. Nitrate decreased CH4 production in DAIRY (24.7 vs. 32.1 mM/d; P < 0.01) and BEEF trials (33.5 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P < 0.01). Methane production was decreased by MON in DAIRY (26.3 vs. 32.1; P < 0.01) and BEEF (26.6 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P < 0.01). The combination of EN + MON further decreased CH4 in DAIRY (21.3 vs. 32.1 mM/d; P = 0.03) and BEEF (19.3 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P = 0.01). Nitrate did not affect major VFA production in DAIRY and BEEF trials, but significantly decreased digestion of protein (96.8 vs. 97.6%; P < 0.01) and starch (79.0 vs. 80.4%; P < 0.01) in DAIRY and NDF (29.3 vs. 32.5%; P < 0.01) and starch (88.5 vs. 90.3%; P < 0.01) in BEEF. Monensin significantly affected VFA pattern with an increase in propionate (P < 0.01) and a decrease on acetate (P < 0.01) production with consequent decrease on acetate-to-propionate ratio in DAIRY (1.6 vs. 2.0; P < 0.01) and BEEF (1.6 vs. 1.9; P < 0.01). Monensin decreased NDF digestion in BEEF only (29.3 vs. 32.5 %; P < 0.01). Significant concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were detected only for EN and EN + MON (P < 0.01). Nitrate and MON effectively decreased CH4 production when fed separately and the combination of additives additively decreased CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Capelari
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Brooke Latack
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jolene Roth
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Wendy Powers
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA
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Effects of the inclusion of Moringa oleifera seed on rumen fermentation and methane production in a beef cattle diet using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Animal 2018; 13:283-291. [PMID: 29954468 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera seeds are currently being used as a livestock feed across tropical regions of the world due to its availability and palatability. However, limited knowledge exists on the effects of the raw seeds on ruminant metabolism. As such, the rumen stimulation technique was used to evaluate the effects of substituting increasing concentrations of ground Moringa seeds (0, 100, 200 and 400 g/kg concentrate dry matter (DM)) in the diet on rumen fermentation and methane production. Two identical, Rusitec apparatuses, each with eight fermenters were used with the first 8 days used for adaptation and days 9 to 16 used for measurements. Fermenters were fed a total mixed ration with Urochloa brizantha as the forage. Disappearance of DM, CP, NDF and ADF linearly decreased (P<0.01) with increasing concentrations of Moringa seeds in the diet. Total volatile fatty acid production and the acetate to propionate ratio were also linearly decreased (P<0.01). However, only the 400 g/kg (concentrate DM basis) treatment differed (P<0.01) from the control. Methane production (%), total microbial incorporation of 15N and total production of microbial N linearly decreased (P<0.01) as the inclusion of Moringa seeds increased. Though the inclusion of Moringa seeds in the diet decreased CH4 production, this arose from an unfavourable decrease in diet digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters.
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Cabeza-Luna I, Carro M, Fernández-Yepes J, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of modifications to retain protozoa in continuous-culture fermenters on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, and microbial biomass assessed by two different methods. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tsuruoka K, Kanamaru H, Takahashi H, Gotoh T. Preliminary study of the effects of condensed barley distillers soluble on rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites in Japanese Black cows. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:610-617. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tsuruoka
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Kuju Oita Japan
- Livestock Research Institute; Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center; Takeda Oita Japan
| | - Hidenobu Kanamaru
- Livestock Technology Office, Oita Prefectural Agriculture; Forestry and Fisheries Institute; Oita Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Kuju Oita Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Kuju Oita Japan
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Abecia L, Soto EC, Ramos-Morales E, Molina-Alcaide E. Microbial and chemical composition of liquid-associated bacteria in goats' rumen and fermenters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1001-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Abecia
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC); Granada Spain
| | - E. C. Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC); Granada Spain
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14
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Hristov A, Lee C, Hristova R, Huhtanen P, Firkins J. A meta-analysis of variability in continuous-culture ruminal fermentation and digestibility data. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5299-5307. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Yáñez-Ruiz D, Newbold C, Molina-Alcaide E. The effect of the feed-to-buffer ratio on bacterial diversity and ruminal fermentation in single-flow continuous-culture fermenters. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:1374-84. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Martínez M, Ranilla M, Tejido M, Ramos S, Carro M. Comparison of fermentation of diets of variable composition and microbial populations in the rumen of sheep and Rusitec fermenters. I. Digestibility, fermentation parameters, and microbial growth. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:3684-98. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Martínez ME, Ranilla MJ, Ramos S, Tejido ML, Carro MD. Effects of dilution rate and retention time of concentrate on efficiency of microbial growth, methane production, and ruminal fermentation in Rusitec fermenters. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:3930-8. [PMID: 19620676 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 dilution rates (DL) and 2 concentrate retention times (RT) on microbial growth, methane production, and fermentation of a 30:70 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet in Rusitec fermenters maintained at similar pH. The DL were 3.78 (low DL, LDL) and 5.42%/h (high DL, HDL), and concentrate RT was either 24 h (T24) or 48 h (T48). Forage RT was 48 h in all fermenters. Apparent disappearance of diet DM and NDF was greater in HDL fermenters compared with LDL fermenters, but there was a significant DL x concentrate RT interaction, showing that the effect of DL was more pronounced in T48 compared with T24 fermenters. Methane production was not affected by DL, but was greater in T48 compared with T24 fermenters, which was consistent with the increased fiber degradation in T48 fermenters. Increasing DL augmented volatile fatty acid production and molar proportions of propionate, isovalerate, and valerate, and reduced those of caproate, but no effects were observed on acetate, butyrate, and isobutyrate proportions. Increasing concentrate RT resulted in greater volatile fatty acid production and proportions of acetate, butyrate, and caproate, but reduced those of propionate, valerate, and isovalerate. Ammonia-N production was not affected by concentrate RT, but was greater at HDL compared with LDL. Microbial growth was not affected by DL, but microbial growth efficiency was lower in HDL compared with LDL fermenters. Concentrate RT affected microbial growth and its efficiency, with both being greater in T48 compared with T24 fermenters. Carboxymetylcellulase and xylanase activities in ruminal fluid were greater in HDL compared with LDL fermenters, but were not affected by concentrate RT. There were DL x concentrate RT interactions for diet apparent disappearance, molar proportions of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and caproate, and acetate:propionate ratio, indicating that effects of DL on these variables were influenced by concentrate RT. The results would indicate that using higher DL and shorter concentrate RT than those typically used in Rusitec fermenters would contribute to improving the simulation of in vivo fermentation of high-concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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