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Catellani A, Mezzetti M, Minuti A, Cattaneo L, Trevisi E. Metabolic and inflammatory responses reveal different adaptation to the transition period challenges in Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Simmental dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Catellani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - M. Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - A. Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L. Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E. Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Oehm AW, Zablotski Y, Hoedemaker M, Campe A, Strube C, Jordan D, Springer A, Klawitter M, Knubben-Schweizer G. Associations of production characteristics with the on-farm presence of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cows vary across production levels and indicate differences between breeds. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294601. [PMID: 37976265 PMCID: PMC10656002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is one of the economically most important endoparasites in cattle production. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relevance of production level on the associations of on-farm presence of F. hepatica with farm-level milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein in Holstein cows, a specialised dairy breed, and in Simmental cows, a dual purpose breed. Furthermore, we investigated whether differential associations were present depending on breed. Data from 560 dairy farms across Germany housing 93,672 cows were analysed. The presence of F. hepatica antibodies was determined via ELISA on bulk tank milk samples. Quantile regression was applied to model the median difference in milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein depending on the interaction of breed and fluke occurrence. Whereas a reduction in milk yield (-1,206 kg, p < 0.001), milk fat (-22.9 kg, p = 0.001), and milk protein (-41.6 kg, p <0.001) was evident on F. hepatica positive German Holstein farms, only milk fat (-33.8 kg, p = 0.01) and milk protein (-22.6 kg, p = 0.03) were affected on F. hepatica positive German Simmental farms. Subsequently, production traits were modelled within each of the two breeds for low, medium, and high producing farms in the presence of F. hepatica antibodies and of confounders. On Holstein farms, the presence of F. hepatica seropositivity was associated with lower production, while on German Simmental farms such an association was less evident. This work demonstrates that production level is relevant when assessing the associations between the exposure to F. hepatica with production characteristics. Moreover, both models indicate a breed dependence. This could point towards a differential F. hepatica resilience of specialised dairy breeds in comparison with dual purpose breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W. Oehm
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Jordan
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Springer
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Klawitter
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Martens H. [The lipidosis in the liver of the dairy cow: Part 2 Genetic predisposition and prophylaxis]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:305-313. [PMID: 37956673 DOI: 10.1055/a-2178-8847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows is the result of a disturbed balance between the uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), their metabolism in the hepatocytes, and the limited efflux of TG as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Lipidosis and the associated risk for ketosis represents a consequence of selecting dairy cows primarily for milk production without considering the basic physiological mechanisms of this trait. The overall risk for lipidosis and ketosis possesses a genetic background and the recently released new breeding value of the German Holstein Friesian cows now sets the path for correction of this risk and in that confirms the assumed genetic threat. Ectopic fat deposition in the liver is the result of various steps including lipolysis, uptake of fat by the liver cell, its metabolism, and finally release as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). These reactions may be modulated directly or indirectly and hence, serve as basis for prophylactic measures. The pertaining methods are described in order to support an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of lipidosis and ketosis. They consist of feeding a glucogenic diet, restricted feeding during the close-up time as well as supplementation with choline, niacin, carnitine, or the reduction of milking frequency. Prophylactic measures for the prevention of ketosis are also included in this discussion.
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Knob DA, Scholz AM, Perazzoli L, Mendes BPB, Kappes R, Alessio DRM, Rech ÂF, Thaler Neto A. Feed Efficiency and Physiological Parameters of Holstein and Crossbred Holstein × Simmental Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101668. [PMID: 37238098 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the feed efficiency (FE) and physiological parameters of Holstein and crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows in a confinement system during winter and summer. The study was conducted in a dairy farm in southern Brazil by including a total of 48 multiparous cows. The cows were studied for 21 days in two periods, summer and winter, and their daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body weight, and body condition score were recorded. An analysis of variance was conducted using the SAS statistical package. The results showed that crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows have a similar FE as Holstein cows in a high-production system (1.83 × 1.81 kg DMI/kg MY, respectively), and they can achieve the same production levels as purebred Holstein cows (43.8 vs. 44.5 milk/cow/day). Our findings indicated a difference for the period as both genetic groups achieved higher FE in winter than in summer (1.98 vs. 1.67 DMI/kg MY, respectively). In addition, we found evidence that crossbred cows are better at dissipating body heat during heat-stress situations, as they have higher RR in summer compared to purebred cows, while Holstein cows have higher RT in summer afternoons than crossbred cows. Therefore, using crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows is an alternative for high-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise Aline Knob
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88520-000, Brazil
- Organic Farming with Focus on Sustainable Soil Use, Justus Liebig Universität-Giessen (JLU), 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Armin Manfred Scholz
- Lehr- und Versuchsgut Oberschleißheim, Tierärztlichen Fakultät, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (LMU), 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Laiz Perazzoli
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Kappes
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88520-000, Brazil
- Lehr- und Versuchsgut Oberschleißheim, Tierärztlichen Fakultät, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (LMU), 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Dileta Regina Moro Alessio
- Núcleo de Educação a Distância, Centro Universitário Leonardo da Vinci, Rua Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, Indaial 89084-405, Brazil
| | - Ângela Fonseca Rech
- Estação Experimental de Lages, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Lages 88502-970, Brazil
| | - André Thaler Neto
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88520-000, Brazil
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Oehm AW, Merle R, Tautenhahn A, Jensen KC, Mueller KE, Feist M, Zablotski Y. Identifying cow - level factors and farm characteristics associated with locomotion scores in dairy cows using cumulative link mixed models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263294. [PMID: 35089972 PMCID: PMC8797239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lameness is a tremendous problem in intensively managed dairy herds all over the world. It has been associated with considerable adverse effects on animal welfare and economic viability. The majority of studies have evaluated factors associated with gait disturbance by categorising cows into lame and non-lame. This procedure yet entails a loss of information and precision. In the present study, we extend the binomial response to five categories acknowledging the ordered categorical nature of locomotion assessments, which conserves a higher level of information. A cumulative link mixed modelling approach was used to identify factors associated with increasing locomotion scores. The analysis revealed that a low body condition, elevated somatic cell count, more severe hock lesions, increasing parity, absence of pasture access, and poor udder cleanliness were relevant variables associated with higher locomotion scores. Furthermore, distinct differences in the locomotion scores assigned were identified in regard to breed, observer, and season. Using locomotion scores rather than a dichotomised response variable uncovers more refined relationships between gait disturbances and associated factors. This will help to understand the intricate nature of gait disturbances in dairy cows more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W. Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Tautenhahn
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Charlotte Jensen
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin-Elisabeth Mueller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Steinwidder A, Rohrer H, Pfister R, Gallnböck M, Podstatzky L, Gasteiner J. Effects of concentrate supplementation strategies during the transition period and milking frequency in early lactation on seasonal winter-calving organic dairy cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Smit HPJ, Reinsch T, Swanepoel PA, Loges R, Kluß C, Taube F. Environmental Impact of Rotationally Grazed Pastures at Different Management Intensities in South Africa. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051214. [PMID: 33922387 PMCID: PMC8146214 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and concentrate feeding are key management factors in grazed dairy-pasture systems. However, the extent to which these management factors affect environmental efficiency is a current debate among scientists. We designed a study to investigate dairy system environmental efficiency through the evaluation of the carbon footprint of milk and the nitrogen-balance as a result of different fertilization rates applied on irrigated dairy-pastures in South Africa. The lowest carbon footprint was observed when low rates of fertilizer were applied. Methane from ruminal digestion and nitrous oxide emissions from grazed pastures were the main contributors affecting the carbon footprint. The application of fertilizer resulted in only small herbage yield differences between treatments. The nitrogen-balance was negative when no nitrogen was applied. This indicates that such an approach will not be sustainable without adapting sward species composition (e.g., introduction of forage legumes), even though nitrogen circulates through animal manure to the pasture. The environmental impact of milk produced from pasture-based dairy farms can be reduced through increased farm nitrogen use-efficiency and improved irrigation systems in South Africa. Abstract Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and concentrate feeding are important factors in rotational pasture management for dairy farms in South Africa. The extent to which these factors affect environmental efficiency is subject to current and intense debate among scientists. A three-year field study was conducted to investigate the yield response of different N-fertilizer treatments (0 (N0), 220 (N20), 440 (N40), 660 (N60) and 880 (N80) kg N ha−1 year−1) on grazed pastures and to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of milk produced. Excessive N-fertilization (N60 and N80) did not increase herbage dry matter and energy yields from pastures. However, N80 indicated the highest N-yield but at the same time also the highest N surpluses at field level. A maximum fertilizer rate of 220 kg ha−1 year−1 (in addition to excreted N from grazing animals) appears sufficient to ensure adequate herbage yields (~20 t DM ha−1 year−1) with a slightly positive field-N-balance. This amount will prevent the depletion of soil C and N, with low N losses to the environment, where adequate milk yields of ~17 t ECM ha−1 with a low CF (~1.3 kg CO2 kg ECM−1) are reached. Methane from enteric fermentation (~49% ± 3.3) and N2O (~16% ± 3.2) emissions from irrigated pastures were the main contributors to the CF. A further CF reduction can be achieved by improved N-fertilization planning, low emission irrigation techniques and strategies to limit N2O emissions from pasture soils in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P. J. Smit
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.R.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thorsten Reinsch
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.R.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (F.T.)
| | - Pieter A. Swanepoel
- Department of Agronomy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
| | - Ralf Loges
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.R.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (F.T.)
| | - Christof Kluß
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.R.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (F.T.)
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.R.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (F.T.)
- Grass Based Dairy Systems, Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University (WUR), 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Effect of Dry-Period Diet on the Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050803. [PMID: 32384689 PMCID: PMC7277933 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In dairy cows, the management of the dry period should optimize milk production and limit impact on metabolic health. In early lactation, there is little information on the effect of the dry-period diet composition on the production and composition of milk and the blood metabolites. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different dry-period diets on the blood metabolites of dairy cows during the peripartum period and the milk yield and fatty acid profile at onset of lactation. This study showed that different dry-period diets can be used without impact on milk production and composition when these diets cover the needs of dairy cows. However, blood metabolites were more sensitive to the diet offered during the dry period. In early lactation, a dry-period diet based on corn and grass silages allowed a smooth transition with better rumen and liver function parameters. Abstract The objective of this work was to observe the effect of three different dry-period diets on blood metabolites (p = 9) and the production and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk (p = 19) in the peripartum period. In this study, 32 Holstein dairy cows, during their dry period, were divided in 3 different diet groups, as follows: the CONC diet (n = 11) was based on concentrate meal and straw, the CORN diet (n = 11) was based on corn silage, and the MIXED diet (n = 10) was based on corn and grass silages. According to our results, the variations of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), NEFA/cholesterol ratio, and albumin were significantly (p < 0.05) different, according to the dry diet. The dry-period diet also had a significant effect on the concentrations of urea and vitamin B12 in the blood. In early lactation, this work showed that blood metabolites were more sensitive to changes in the dry diet than the production and FA profile of milk.
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Faehnrich B, Nemaz P, Schabauer A. Essential oil-bearing supplementation of dairy cows
– in vivo experiments elucidating factors
and co-factors influencing parameters of feed efficiency. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/110413/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kleefisch MT, Zebeli Q, Humer E, Gruber L, Klevenhusen F. Effects of feeding high-quality hay with graded amounts of concentrate on feed intake, performance and blood metabolites of cows in early lactation. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:290-307. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1474004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theresia Kleefisch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Gruber
- Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institute of Livestock Research, Irdning, Austria
| | - Fenja Klevenhusen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gruber L, Khol-Parisini A, Humer E, Abdel-Raheem SM, Zebeli Q. Long-term influence of feeding barley treated with lactic acid and heat on performance and energy balance in dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2016; 71:54-66. [PMID: 27858467 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1253226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the long-term influence of feeding ground barley treated with lactic acid (LA) alone or with LA and heat on performance, energy and protein balance in dairy cows. Thirty cows were fed three diets differing in the treatment of barley grain, either unprocessed ground barley (Control), ground barley steeped in 1% LA at room temperature (LA-treated barley) or ground barley steeped in 1% LA with an additional heating at 55°C (LAH-treated barley). Cows were studied from week 3 to 17 post-partum. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition and body weight (BW) were measured daily. Estimated energy and protein balances were calculated and blood samples were collected three times during the experiment and analysed for common metabolites of energy and lipid metabolism. Digestibility of different treated barley and other dietary ingredients was investigated in vivo using four wethers. The treatment of barley with LA and LAH increased the digestibility of organic matter (OM) by approximately 5% and the content of metabolisable energy by 0.5-0.6 MJ/kg DM. Data showed no effect of feeding diets containing LA- or LAH-treated barley at 39% of DM on overall DMI, BW, BW change, milk production and composition and on the blood variables studied. Diet influenced the estimated balances of net energy of lactation (p < 0.01) and the content of utilisable protein at the duodenum (p = 0.07) with cows fed the diet with LA-treated barley showing improved balances. In conclusion, feeding diets containing LA- or LAH-treated barley had no influence on performance, milk composition and blood metabolites, but LA treatment without heat seems to improve the energy balance of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Gruber
- a Institute of Livestock Research , Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein , Irdning , Austria
| | - Annabella Khol-Parisini
- b Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds , Vetmeduni Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- b Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds , Vetmeduni Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- c Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- b Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds , Vetmeduni Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Bothmann J, Magnus F, Hasseler W, Kossen T, Fürll M. Stoffwechselmonitoring in kleinen und mittelgroßen Milchrindbetrieben im Emsland. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44:83-91. [DOI: 10.15653/tpg-151032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungGegenstand: Komplexe Auswertung 5-jähriger Stoffwechselanalysen in Kleinbetrieben hinsichtlich Indikationen, Durchführung und Ergebnissen.Material und Methoden: Insgesamt 793 Blutserumproben von Kühen in unterschiedlichen Laktationsstadien sowie von Färsen (122 Einsendungen aus 53 Betrieben) wurden auf die Parameter freie Fettsäuren (FFS), β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB), Cholesterol, Harnstoff, Kreatinin, Glukose, Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, Bilirubin, Leberenzyme, Kreatinkinase (CK), β-Carotin, Elektrolyte und Spurenelemente untersucht. Ergebnisse: Etwa ein Fünftel der Untersuchungen erfolgten allein zur Kontrolle des Stoffwechselstatus. Die weiteren Einsendungsgründe entsprachen den Merzungsursachen. Die FFS zeigten im Laktationsverlauf ante partum mit 56,7% die häufigsten Referenzwertabweichungen. Bis 8 Wochen post partum (p. p.) verringerte sich dieser Anteil auf 36–38% und später auf < 11%. Die BHB-Referenzwertabweichungen überschritten in der gesamten Laktation 68%. Die Harnstoffkonzentration lag in der Mittel- und Spätlaktation zu 40–50% über dem Referenzbereich. Eine Hypokalzämie trat in der 1. Woche p. p. zu 13,2% auf, eine Hypophosphatämie zu 6,6%. Für die CK wurden Referenzwertabweichungen mit einem Anteil von 60,4–90,9% ermittelt. Ein Selen- und Kupfermangel bestand zu ca. 15%. Färsen wiesen mit 21,3% häufiger als die Kühe eine Kupferunterversorgung auf. Ein β-Carotin-Mangel ergab sich ante partum zu 50% und post partum zu 47,1–77,8%. Nachteilige Referenzwertabweichungen nahmen von 2006 bis 2011 bei FFS, Harnstoff, β-Carotin und Selen zu, korrelierend mit den Milchpreissenkungen 2009 und 2010. Referenzwertabweichungen von BHB, CK, Cholesterol, Kalzium und anorganischem Phosphat blieben auf einem Niveau. In 80% der Betriebe verbesserte sich der Stoffwechselstatus im Kontrollzeitraum. Schlussfolgerung: Auch in kleineren Betrieben decken Stoffwechselscreenings peripartal frühzeitig Ursachen für die häufigsten Merzungsgründe auf und bieten Optionen für korrigierende Maßnahmen.
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Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum. Animal 2016; 10:1829-1838. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ruminal disappearance of phosphorus and starch, reticuloruminal pH and total tract nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed diets differing in grain processing. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Metzler-Zebeli B, Khol-Parisini A, Gruber L, Zebeli Q. Microbial populations and fermentation profiles in rumen liquid and solids of Holstein cows respond differently to dietary barley processing. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1502-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B.U. Metzler-Zebeli
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; University Clinic for Swine; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster “Animal Gut Health”; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Khol-Parisini
- Research Cluster “Animal Gut Health”; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - L. Gruber
- Institute of Livestock Research; Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein; Irdning Austria
| | - Q. Zebeli
- Research Cluster “Animal Gut Health”; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
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16
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Humer E, Khol-Parisini A, Gruber L, Gasteiner J, Abdel-Raheem SM, Zebeli Q. Long-term reticuloruminal pH dynamics and markers of liver health in early-lactating cows of various parities fed diets differing in grain processing. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6433-48. [PMID: 26188584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid (La) with or without thermal treatment on reticuloruminal pH dynamics and metabolic activity of the liver in 12 primiparous and 18 multiparous early-lactating dairy cows. All cows were included on d 21 postpartum and sampled until d 90 postpartum. Cows were fed a diet based on differently processed ground barley grain: untreated grain (control diet, CON), or grain treated with 1% La alone for 24 h before feeding (La), or with an additional oven-heating at 55°C for 12 h (LaH). The reticuloruminal pH and temperature were measured via indwelling sensors that allowed for continuous (every 10min) and long-term measurement from d 21 to 80 postpartum. Blood samples were taken on d 21, 40, and 90 of lactation and analyzed for liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as bilirubin, bile acids, and serum amyloid A. Dry matter intake was higher in multiparous cows (20.7±0.27 kg/d) compared with primiparous cows (18.2±0.33 kg/d), but was not affected by dietary treatment. Overall, the relatively short duration (51±5min/d) of reticuloruminal pH <5.8 suggests low risk of subacute ruminal acidosis throughout the experiment. Results indicated that La treatment of barley, with or without heat, lowered the time duration of pH <5.8 compared with CON, but only in primiparous cows (from 118±13 to 46±11 and 25±11min/d for CON, La, and LaH, respectively). In multiparous cows, the opposite effect of feeding the La-treated barley on time duration of pH <5.8 (11±8 vs. 46±9 vs. 57±9min/d for CON, La, and LaH, respectively) was observed. Multiparous cows generally showed higher pH readings and shorter periods in which the ruminal pH dropped below the threshold of pH 5.8. The reticuloruminal temperature was not affected by dietary treatment, whereas parity affected the time duration of reticuloruminal temperature >39.5°C, being 60±19min/d shorter in primiparous cows. The measured activities of the liver enzymes AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as bilirubin, bile acids, and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A, were not affected by grain feeding. Additionally, only one small effect of parity on investigated serum variables was noticed, showing slightly but significantly higher values of AST in multiparous (80.5±1.4 U/L) compared with primiparous cows (76.0±1.7 U/L). In conclusion, our results indicate greater risk for primiparous cows to develop subacute ruminal acidosis-like conditions during early lactation than multiparous cows. The study also suggests limited benefits of feeding processed barley grain with La with or without thermal treatment to modulate ruminal tolerance of grain feeding, whereby differing effects in primiparous cows were observed compared with multiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Khol-Parisini
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Gruber
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Raumberg 38, 8952 Irdning, Austria
| | - J Gasteiner
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Raumberg 38, 8952 Irdning, Austria
| | - Sh M Abdel-Raheem
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Do different cow types respond differently to a reduction of concentrate supplementation in an Alpine low-input dairy system? Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Klein-Jöbstl D, Schornsteiner E, Mann E, Wagner M, Drillich M, Schmitz-Esser S. Pyrosequencing reveals diverse fecal microbiota in Simmental calves during early development. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:622. [PMID: 25452753 PMCID: PMC4233928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth to the time after weaning the gastrointestinal microbiota of calves must develop into a stable, autochthonous community accompanied by pivotal changes of anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the fecal microbiota of six Simmental dairy calves to investigate time-dependent dynamics of the microbial community. Calves were followed up from birth until after weaning according to characteristic timepoints during physiological development of the gastrointestinal tract. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 35 samples yielded 253,528 reads clustering into 5410 operational taxonomic units based on 0.03 16S rRNA distance. Operational taxonomic units were assigned to 296 genera and 17 phyla with Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria being most abundant. An age-dependent increasing diversity and species richness was observed. Highest similarities between fecal microbial communities were found around weaning compared with timepoints from birth to the middle of the milk feeding period. Principal coordinate analysis revealed a high variance particularly in samples taken at the middle of the milk feeding period (at the age of approximately 40 days) compared to earlier timepoints, confirming a unique individual development of the fecal microbiota of each calf. This study provides first deep insights into the composition of the fecal microbiota of Simmental dairy calves and might be a basis for future more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Klein-Jöbstl
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster "Animal Gut Health," University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Schornsteiner
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Mann
- Research Cluster "Animal Gut Health," University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Research Cluster "Animal Gut Health," University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Research Cluster "Animal Gut Health," University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
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19
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Zhang X, Luo H, Hou X, Badgery W, Zhang Y, Jiang C. Effect of restricted time at pasture and indoor supplementation on ingestive behaviour, dry matter intake and weight gain of growing lambs. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Urdl M, Gruber L, Obritzhauser W, Schauer A. Metabolic parameters and their relationship to energy balance in multiparous Simmental, Brown Swiss and Holstein cows in the periparturient period as influenced by energy supply pre- and post-calving. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:174-189. [PMID: 24605925 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three energy supply (E) levels [low (L), medium (M), high (H)], both pre-partum (PRE) and post-partum (POST), and their interactions on metabolic parameters and energy balance (EB) in dairy cows of three breeds. In both phases, E levels applied to a total of 81 multiparous cows of breeds Simmental (SI), Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein-Friesian (HF; n = 27 for each breed) were 75%, 100% and 125% of recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. During the pre-calving period, serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were higher for L(PRE) cows, and glucose concentrations were elevated for H(PRE) cows. During the lactation period, NEFA concentrations were greatest for treatment L(POST). Mean concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were highest for cows of the L(POST) treatment, intermediate for M(POST) and lowest for H(POST). Glucose concentrations were lower for L(POST) cows. SI cows had lower BHB concentrations both pre- and post-calving and higher glucose concentrations during early lactation than the other breeds. BHB concentration POST was highest for BS cows. Restricted feeding PRE resulted in a better energy status of cows fed above energy requirements POST (E(PRE) × E(POST) interaction). HF cows had a higher EB pre-calving, whereas SI cows had a less negative EB during early lactation, compared with the other breeds respectively. Correlations of serum NEFA, BHB and glucose concentrations with EB were strongest during the transition period. Results suggest that controlling energy intake during the dry period might be advantageous for the energy status of dairy cows after calving, whereas energy restriction in early lactation leads to metabolic stress. Evidence is provided of a clear relationship between EB and the blood metabolites NEFA and BHB, especially in the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urdl
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria
| | - L Gruber
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria
| | | | - A Schauer
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria
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