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Freitas-de-Melo A, Garcia Kako Rodriguez M, Crosa C, Ungerfeld R. Social Stress during the Estrus or Luteal Phase in Sheep. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:12-20. [PMID: 38314791 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2021408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, progesterone and estrogens affect the stress response. The study aimed to compare the physiological and behavioral responses to the social isolation of ewes during the estrus or luteal phase. Estrous and diestrous ewes (n = 10 and 8 respectively) were individually isolated in a novel place for 10 min. Ewes' behavior was recorded during the test. Cortisol, blood proteins and glucose concentrations, and the skin surface temperature were determined before and after the test. Cortisol increased immediately after the test ended (P = 0.02). Serum total protein (P = 0.02), globulin (P < 0.0001), and plasma glucose (P = 0.006) concentrations were greater in estrus than in the luteal phase. The abdominal skin surface temperature was greater during estrus than during the luteal phase (P = 0.02). Ewes in estrus spent more time standing up immobile than ewes in the luteal phase (P = 0.05). In conclusion, the physiological and behavioral responses changed according to the phase of the estrous cycle. These results highlight the need for future studies focusing on how reproductive status influences the stress response to different management practices in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Crosa
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ungerfeld R, Freitas-de-Melo A. Administration of a single dose of long-acting injectable progesterone formulation reduces the stress response to weaning in anestrous ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106753. [PMID: 36027631 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High circulating progesterone concentrations decrease the responses to stressful situations in farm ruminants. We hypothesized that administering a single dose of long-acting progesterone formulation reduces the stress response of anestrous ewes to weaning. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral, cortisol, and blood protein responses to weaning of anestrous ewes treated or not, with a single dose of a long-acting progesterone formulation. A complementary aim was to characterize the bioavailability of progesterone after this treatment. Thirty-six multiparous single-lambing Corriedale ewes and their lambs were used in this study. The lambs were weaned at 6:30 h when they were 65 d old (d0), and were taken to another paddock without chemical, visual or auditory contact with their mothers, while the ewes remained in the same paddock. Immediately before weaning, while 19 ewes received oil based long-acting progesterone formulation, other 17 ewes remained as controls, receiving sunflower oil. Twelve ewes from each group were used for behavioral recordings, the other 5 untreated ewes and 7 treated ewes were used to characterize the cortisol response and the progesterone profile. Behaviors were recorded every 10th min for 3 h in the morning and 3 h in the afternoon on day minus 3, d0 and d2, and expressed as percentage of recordings each animal displayed each behavior on each day. Treated ewes were recorded more times standing up than ewes on the day of weaning (P < 0.05), but the reverse result was found 2 d after (P < 0.01). Treated ewes were recorded more times lying down than control ewes on d2 after weaning (P < 0.0001), when treated ewes were observed fewer times walking than control ewes (P = 0.0004), as also happened the day of weaning (P < 0.0001). On the day of weaning, treated ewes grazed and paced less than control ewes (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009). Treated ewes ruminated more than control ewes on the day of weaning (P = 0.02) and 2 d later (P = 0.0002). Control ewes also secreted more cortisol than progesterone-treated ewes (P = 0.03), with no effect of the treatment on the concentration of total proteins, albumin or globulins. While control ewes never had luteal progesterone concentrations (>0.5 ng/mL), treated ewes achieved luteal progesterone concentrations 2 h after its administration, and remained well above luteal levels until 15 h after administration. The administration of a single dose of long-acting progesterone formulation appears to be a viable choice in reducing the stress to weaning in ewes. Ewes treated with progesterone coped better with weaning, returning to their normal basal behavior earlier than untreated ones, and secreting lower cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 8, km 18, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay.
| | - A Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 8, km 18, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay.
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Ozgocer T, Ucar C, Yildiz S. Daily cortisol awakening response and menstrual symptoms in young females. Stress Health 2022; 38:57-68. [PMID: 34137165 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual symptoms include some rhythmical changes and stress perception but women differ in duration and severity of these symptoms. It is not known whether these differences are associated with cortisol awakening response (CAR). The aim of the current study was to follow young women daily for the CAR and menstrual parameters throughout the whole menstrual cycle. Healthy and regularly cycling young women (n = 16, 17 to 31-year-old) participated in the current study. The daily records of severity of problems (DRSP) was filled in daily by the participants. CAR was also assessed daily form the salivary samples collected at a 0-, 15-, 30- and 60-min post-awakening. In terms of daily awakening cortisol profiles, women had either 2-20 (n = 3), or 20-200 (n = 8) or 200-2000 (n = 5) ng/ml cortisol according to the median levels throughout their cycle. CAR was weakly and negatively correlated with DRSP scores but strongly and positively with oestradiol (R2 = 0.300; p = 0.000) and progesterone (R2 = 0.490; p = 0.000) concentrations. Individuals with higher oestradiol and progesterone concentrations did not have high DRSP scores. In conclusion, CAR had a very high between-subject difference but had a low within-subject difference throughout the days of menstrual cycle, suggesting that CAR is a relatively stable personal trait. Moreover, the interplay between cortisol, progesterone and oestradiol appears to be important for the severity of menstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ozgocer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cihat Ucar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yildiz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
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Pinto-Santini L, Pérez-Clariget R, Ungerfeld R. Daily variation of the cortisol and insulin concentration, glycemia, surface temperature, and behavior patterns due the administration of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin in rams. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106688. [PMID: 34689060 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids can modulate the circadian rhythmicity of some physiological and behavioral functions of sheep. During the non-breeding season, Corriedale rams have a low testosterone concentration, but the administration of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) stimulates its secretion. Therefore, the daily variation of cortisol and insulin concentrations, glycemia, behavioral pattern (eating, ruminating, standing, lying, and sleeping), and rostral and eye surface temperatures were compared in rams treated or not treated with eCG during the non-breeding season [between August (late winter) and September (early spring)]. Twenty Corriedale adult rams (BW 63.4 ± 7.3 kg; BCS: 3.5 ± 0.5; mean ± SD; age: 2-3 years old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a) Treated: administration of 1000 IU of eCG intramuscularly and b) Control: control, without application of eCG. All the rams were managed under the same feeding and environmental conditions (individual pens outdoors). All variables were measured each hour for 26 h, except testosterone and insulin that were measured at 09:00, 10:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 22:00, 24:00, 03:00, 06:00, 09:00 and 11:00 h. Testosterone and cortisol concentration were greater in Treated than Control rams (testosterone: 32.7 ± 0.7 nmol/L vs 5.8 ± 0.7 nmol/L; P <0.0001; cortisol: 11.3 ± 0.6 nmol/L vs 9.9 ± 0.6 nmol/L; P =0.02). The eye surface temperature was 0.9°C lower in the Treated than in the Control rams (P =0.004). The characteristics of the daily variation pattern of cortisol, glycemia, glycemia:insulin ratio, and surface temperature were not affected by the treatment, the acrophases being at ∼06:00 h, ∼18:00 h, ∼08:00 h, and ∼11:00 h, respectively. The acrophase of insulin concentration was observed earlier in Treated than in Control rams (13:02 ± 0:56 vs 15:47 ± 0:53; P =0.04). Additionally, the acrophase of the time spent eating was advanced in Treated rams (09:48 ± 00:16 vs 10:20 ± 00:16; P =0.04) and sleeping (21:39 ± 00:57 vs 02:02 ± 01:06; P <0.0001). Treated rams slept less time than Control rams (P =0.04). In conclusion, the administration of eCG modulated the daily variation pattern of insulin concentration and the behavioral pattern (period in which rams were observed eating and sleeping). Nevertheless, although there was a greater cortisol concentration and reduced eye surface temperature, the administration of eCG did not modify their daily variation pattern, suggesting that this is robust, limiting the effect of testosterone on their basal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pinto-Santini
- Unidad Académica de Ovinos, Lanas y Caprinos, Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de los Sistemas Productivos, Facultad de Veterinaria), Universidad de la República, Ruta 1, Km 42.500, Libertad - San José. 80100 Uruguay.
| | - R Pérez-Clariget
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo. 10097, Uruguay
| | - R Ungerfeld
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria), Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo. 11600, Urugua
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Conditions for assessing cortisol in sheep: the total form in blood v. the free form in saliva. Animal 2020; 14:1916-1922. [PMID: 32264991 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is often used as a stress indicator in animal behaviour research. Cortisol is commonly measured in plasma and can also be measured in saliva. Saliva contains only the free form of cortisol, which is biologically active, and saliva sampling is not invasive and may therefore be less stressful. Our study aims to guide the choice between the measurements of cortisol in plasma v. saliva depending on experimental conditions. We analysed the effect of the level of cortisol in plasma on the concentration of cortisol in saliva compared to plasma and the effect of saliva sampling v. jugular venepuncture on the cortisol response. In Experiment 1, blood and saliva were collected simultaneously under conditions in which the expected cortisol release in blood varied: in an undisturbed situation or after the isolation of lambs from their pens or the administration of exogenous ACTH (six animals per treatment). In Experiment 2, we subjected lambs to saliva sampling, venepuncture or neither of these for 8 days to evaluate how stressful the sampling method was and whether the animals habituated to it by comparing the responses between the first and last days (four animals per treatment). All animals were equipped with jugular catheters to allow regular blood sampling without disturbance. Samples were collected 15 min before any treatment was applied, then at various time points up to 135 min in Experiment 1 and 45 min in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, we observed a strong correlation between salivary and plasma cortisol concentrations (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). The ratio between salivary and plasma cortisol concentrations was 0.106 on average. This ratio was higher and more variable when the cortisol concentration in plasma was below 55 nmol/l. In Experiment 2, venepuncture induced a larger cortisol response than saliva sampling or no intervention on day 1 (P < 0.02); this difference was not observed on day 8, suggesting that sheep habituated to venepuncture. We recommend the measurement of cortisol in saliva to avoid stressing animals. However, when the expected concentration in plasma is below 55 nmol/l, the cortisol in saliva will reflect only the free fraction of the cortisol, which may be a limitation if the focus of the experiment is on total cortisol. In addition, if cortisol is measured in plasma and blood is collected by venepuncture, we recommend that sheep be habituated to venepuncture, at least to the handling required for a venepuncture.
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Chakhma A, Khaldoun-Benabbas M, Charallah-Cherif S, Kassouri S, Khammar F, Amirat Z. Annual changes in plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations compared to pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the female goat reared under arid environment. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1630920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Chakhma
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences FSNV, Saad Dahleb University, Blida 1 USDB1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mounira Khaldoun-Benabbas
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Salima Charallah-Cherif
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sara Kassouri
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Khammar
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zaina Amirat
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Berger T, Sidhu P, Tang S, Kucera H. Are testicular cortisol and WISP2 involved in estrogen-regulated Sertoli cell proliferation? Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fowler N, Vo PT, Sisk CL, Klump KL. Stress as a potential moderator of ovarian hormone influences on binge eating in women. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30854192 PMCID: PMC6396839 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16895.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated significant associations between increased levels of ovarian hormones and increased rates of binge eating (BE) in women. However, whereas all women experience fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle, not all women binge eat in response to these fluctuations, suggesting that other factors must contribute. Stress is one potential contributing factor. Specifically, it may be that hormone-BE associations are stronger in women who experience high levels of stress, particularly as stress has been shown to be a precipitant to BE episodes in women. To date, no studies have directly examined stress as a moderator of hormone-BE associations, but indirect data (that is, associations between BE and stress and between ovarian hormones and stress) could provide initial clues about moderating effects. Given the above, the purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate these indirect data and their promise for understanding the role of stress in hormone-BE associations. Studies examining associations between all three phenotypes (that is, ovarian hormones, stress, and BE) in animals and humans were reviewed to provide the most thorough and up-to-date review of the literature on the potential moderating effects of stress on ovarian hormone-BE associations. Overall, current evidence suggests that associations between hormones and BE may be stronger in women with high stress levels, possibly via altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and increased sensitivity to and altered effects of ovarian hormones during stress. Additional studies are necessary to directly examine stress as a moderator of ovarian hormone-BE associations and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fowler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Phuong T Vo
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
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Abril-Sánchez S, Freitas-de-Melo A, Damián JP, Giriboni J, Villagrá-García A, Ungerfeld R. Ejaculation does not contribute to the stress response to electroejaculation in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:403-408. [PMID: 28120512 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroejaculation procedures (EEPs) provoke stress; nevertheless, ejaculation produces physiological changes similar as those usually used to measure stress responses. The application of EEP to animals that cannot ejaculate-as ewes-may be useful to discriminate the responses induced by ejaculation from those provoked by EEP. The aim was to determine the stress response to EEP in rams and ewes. The EEPs were applied to 10 rams and 10 ewes during the non-breeding season, and the number of vocalizations, the heart rate, rectal temperature, serum cortisol concentration, biochemical and haematological parameters were measured. Overall, EEP provoked increases in cortisol concentration, glycaemia, rectal temperature and concentration of creatine kinase (all them: p < .0001) as well as relative concentration of granulocytes (p = .003) and absolute granulocyte concentration (p = .0002) in both, rams and ewes. Heart rate, relative concentration of lymphocytes (p = .001), haematocrit (p = .02) and haemoglobin (p = .045) decreased in animals from both genders after EEP. Besides, cortisol (p < .0001), rectal temperature (p = .002) and glycaemia (p = .001) were greater in ewes than rams, and creatine kinase also tended to be greater in ewes than rams (p = .054). On the other hand, the number of animals that vocalized (p = .006), white blood cells (p = .02) and absolute lymphocytes (p = .02) were greater in rams than ewes. The general trends show a similar pattern of stress responses in animals from both genders. Therefore, we concluded that ejaculation does not contribute to the stress response provoked by the EEP. This procedure also provokes muscular damage and probably pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abril-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J P Damián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Giriboni
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - R Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Jopek K, Celichowski P, Szyszka M, Tyczewska M, Milecka P, Malendowicz LK, Rucinski M. Transcriptome Profile of Rat Adrenal Evoked by Gonadectomy and Testosterone or Estradiol Replacement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28261157 PMCID: PMC5309227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in adrenal cortex structure and function are well known in different species. In the rat, they are manifested as larger adrenal cortex and higher corticosterone secretion by females compared with males. These sex differences depend, among others, on functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In this aspect, it is widely accepted that testosterone exerts an inhibitory and estradiol stimulatory effect on the said axis. The molecular bases of these sex-related differences are poorly understood. Therefore, we performed studies aimed to demonstrate the effect of testosterone and estradiol on the expression of differentially regulated genes in rat adrenal gland. The classical method applied in the study-gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement-allows obtaining results suggesting a physiological role of the tested hormone (testosterone or estradiol) in the regulation of the specific genes. Adult male and female rats were either gonadectomized or sham operated. Half of orchiectomized rats were replaced with testosterone while ovariectomized ones with estradiol. Transcriptome was identified by means of Affymetrix® Rat Gene 2.1 ST Array. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by means of DAVID web-based bioinformatic tools and confirmed by means of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. For selected genes, validation of the results was performed using QPCR. Performed experiments have provided unexpected results. Contrary to expectations, in orchiectomized rats, testosterone replacement stimulates expression of numerous genes, mainly those associated with lipids and cholesterol metabolism. However, in ovariectomized animals, estradiol replacement inhibits the expression of genes, mainly those involved in intracellular signaling pathways. The physiological relevance of these findings awaits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Milecka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K. Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ludwik K. Malendowicz,
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
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Cheong JN, Cuffe JSM, Jefferies AJ, Anevska K, Moritz KM, Wlodek ME. Sex-Specific Metabolic Outcomes in Offspring of Female Rats Born Small or Exposed to Stress During Pregnancy. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4104-4120. [PMID: 27571133 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight increases adult metabolic disease risk in both the first (F1) and second (F2) generation. Physiological stress during pregnancy in F1 females that were born small induces F2 fetal growth restriction, but the long-term metabolic health of these F2 offspring is unknown. Uteroplacental insufficiency (restricted) or sham (control) surgery was performed in F0 rats. F1 females (control, restricted) were allocated to unstressed or stressed pregnancies. F2 offspring exposed to maternal stress in utero had reduced birth weight. At 6 months, F2 stressed males had elevated fasting glucose. In contrast, F2 restricted males had reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. Interestingly, these metabolic deficits were not present at 12 month. F2 males had increased adrenal mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and IGF-1 receptor when their mothers were born small or exposed to stress during pregnancy. Stressed control F2 males had increased expression of adrenal genes that regulate androgen signaling at 6 months, whereas expression increased in restricted male and female offspring at 12 months. F2 females from stressed mothers had lower area under the glucose curve during glucose tolerance testing at 12 months compared with unstressed females but were otherwise unaffected. If F1 mothers were either born small or exposed to stress during her pregnancy, F2 offspring had impaired physiological outcomes in a sex- and age-specific manner. Importantly, stress during pregnancy did not exacerbate disease risk in F2 offspring of mothers born small, suggesting that they independently program disease in offspring through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean N Cheong
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - James S M Cuffe
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew J Jefferies
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kristina Anevska
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology (J.N.C., A.J.J., K.A., M.E.W.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences (J..S.M.C., K.M.M.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Medical Science (J.S.M.C.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; and Department of Physiology (K.A.), Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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Salas M, Temple D, Abáigar T, Cuadrado M, Delclaux M, Enseñat C, Almagro V, Martínez-Nevado E, Quevedo MÁ, Carbajal A, Tallo-Parra O, Sabés-Alsina M, Amat M, Lopez-Bejar M, Fernández-Bellon H, Manteca X. Aggressive behavior and hair cortisol levels in captive Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas
) as animal-based welfare indicators. Zoo Biol 2016; 35:467-473. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Salas
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Déborah Temple
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Teresa Abáigar
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Crta.Sacramento La Cañada de San Urbano (Almería) Spain
| | - Mariano Cuadrado
- Zoobotánico Jerez; c/Madreselva; Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz) Spain
| | | | - Conrad Enseñat
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
- Parc Zoològic de Barcelona; Parc de la Ciutadella; Barcelona Spain
| | - Vanessa Almagro
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
- Parc Zoològic de Barcelona; Parc de la Ciutadella; Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - Annaïs Carbajal
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Oriol Tallo-Parra
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Maria Sabés-Alsina
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Marta Amat
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Manel Lopez-Bejar
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Hugo Fernández-Bellon
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
- Parc Zoològic de Barcelona; Parc de la Ciutadella; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
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13
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Gallelli MF, Lombardo D, Vissio P, Quiroga A, Caggiano N, Soler E, Meikle A, Castillo VA. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs: Sex-linked and seasonal variation. Res Vet Sci 2016; 104:10-6. [PMID: 26850531 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations in corticotrophs and adrenal zona fasciculata in dogs, as well as the expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). An immunohistochemical analysis was conducted in pituitaries for ACTH and in adrenal glands for ERα and for the melanocortin-2-receptor (MC2R) in winter and summer. Double immunofluorescence was performed to identify ERα in corticotrophs. Females had a greater proportion of corticotrophs per field (p<0.01), with a greater cellular area and optical density (p<0.001) than males. Optical density of corticotrophs was greater in winter for both sexes (p<0.001). In zona fasciculata, ERα and MC2R expression was greater in females (p<0.001) and was greater in winter (p<0.001). ERα was identified in corticotrophs. This study is the first to demonstrate ERα expression in corticotrophs and the adrenal cortex in dogs, providing evidence for sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Gallelli
- UBACyT scholarship holder, Argentina; Hospital Escuela-Unidad de Endocrinología, A. Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales, Fac. de Ciencias Veterinarias-UBA, Av. Chorroarin 280, Buenos Aires CP 1427, Argentina.
| | - D Lombardo
- Cátedra de Histología, Fac. de Ciencias Veterinarias-UBA, Av. Chorroarin 280, Buenos Aires CP 1427, Argentina
| | - P Vissio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología del Crecimiento y la Reproducción, DBBE, FCEN-UBA/IBBEA-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Quiroga
- Área de Patología Especial, Fac. De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP. Calle 60 y 118, CP 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Caggiano
- Área de Patología Especial, Fac. De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP. Calle 60 y 118, CP 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Soler
- Hospital Escuela-Unidad de Endocrinología, A. Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales, Fac. de Ciencias Veterinarias-UBA, Av. Chorroarin 280, Buenos Aires CP 1427, Argentina
| | - A Meikle
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Fac. De Ciencias Veterinarias, UDELAR, Lasplacesr 1550-1620, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V A Castillo
- Hospital Escuela-Unidad de Endocrinología, A. Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales, Fac. de Ciencias Veterinarias-UBA, Av. Chorroarin 280, Buenos Aires CP 1427, Argentina
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14
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He Z, Li J, Luo H, Zhang L, Ma L, Chen L, Wang H. Sex-specific increase in susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in adult offspring after prenatal ethanol exposure with post-weaning high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17679. [PMID: 26631430 PMCID: PMC4668390 DOI: 10.1038/srep17679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) is an established risk factor for intrauterine growth retardation. The present study was designed to determine whether PEE can increase the susceptibility of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, based on a generalized linear model analysis. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered ethanol (4 g/kg.d) from gestational day 11 until term delivery. All offspring were fed either a normal diet or a HFD after weaning and were sacrificed at postnatal week 20, and blood samples were collected. Results showed that PEE reduced serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels but enhanced serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistant index (IRI), triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. Moreover, the analysis showed interactions among PEE, HFD and sex. In the PEE offspring, HFD aggravated the decrease in ACTH and corticosterone levels and further increased serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and TC levels. The changes of serum ACTH, glucose and IRI levels in the female HFD rats were greater than those in the male HFD rats. Our findings suggest that PEE enhances the susceptibility to MS induced by HFD in a sex-specific manner, which might be primarily associated with the neuroendocrine metabolic programming by PEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology &Health Statistics, Public Health School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
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