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Zequan X, Yonggang S, Heng X, Yaodong W, Xin M, Dan L, Li Z, Tingting D, Zirong W. Transcriptome-based analysis of early post-mortem formation of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork. Meat Sci 2022; 194:108962. [PMID: 36126390 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat can cause consumer dissatisfaction and economic losses. This study determined meat quality, glycolytic enzyme activity, and differential gene expression in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) of normal and PSE pork carcasses. The SM did not result in PSE meat. Hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase activities were lower in the SM of PSE carcasses than in the normal carcasses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that immune, inflammatory, and muscle fibre genes were significantly enriched in PSE pork. More specifically, PPP1R3G and MSS51 may be key genes regulating pork quality in the SM. Meanwhile, the differential expression of PLVAB, ADIPOQ, LEP, MYH4, MYH7, MYL3, MYL6B, FOS, ATF3, and HSPA6 may induce PSE formation in the LL. These results may provide insights into PSE pork formation mechanisms and reveal candidate genes for improving meat quality after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zequan
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Tecon Biology Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shao Yonggang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xu Heng
- Tecon Biology Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Ma Xin
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liu Dan
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhang Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Du Tingting
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wang Zirong
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Vincent A, Dessauge F, Gondret F, Lebret B, Le Floc'h N, Louveau I, Lefaucheur L. Poor hygiene of housing conditions influences energy metabolism in a muscle type-dependent manner in growing pigs differing in feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7991. [PMID: 35568703 PMCID: PMC9107456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of pigs to cope with inflammatory challenges may by modified by selection for residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency. In the current study, we evaluated skeletal muscle metabolic responses to degraded hygiene conditions in pigs divergently selected for RFI. At 82 d of age, low RFI and high RFI pigs were housed in either poor or good hygiene conditions. After a 6-week challenge, the poor hygiene conditions induced a decrease in growth performance (P < 0.001) and in plasma IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.003) in both lines. In the slow-twitch oxidative semispinalis muscle, poor hygiene conditions induced a shift towards a more oxidative metabolism and an activation of the AMPK pathway in pigs of both RFI lines. In the fast-twitch glycolytic longississimus muscle, poor hygiene conditions were associated to a less glycolytic metabolism in the HRFI line only. Poor hygiene conditions also increased the protein level of lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3β (LC3-II) in both RFI lines, suggesting an activation of the autophagy pathway. Altogether, the data revealed muscle-type specific metabolic adaptations to poor hygiene conditions, which may be related to different strategies to fuel the activated immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Vincent
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
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Li Z, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Tuchscherer A, Metges CC, Trakooljul N, Wimmers K, Murani E. Kinetics of Physiological and Behavioural Responses in Endotoxemic Pigs with or without Dexamethasone Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061393. [PMID: 30897706 PMCID: PMC6471452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used immunoregulatory agent, knowledge about its pharmacological properties in farm animals, especially pigs, is insufficient. Previous studies suggest that compared to other species, pigs are less sensitive to the immunosuppression conferred by DEX and more sensitive to the threat of bacterial endotoxins. However, there is a paucity of studies examining DEX immunomodulation in endotoxemia in this species. In this study, a porcine endotoxemia model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of DEX-pretreatment on the magnitude and kinetics of neuroendocrine, metabolic, hematologic, inflammatory, and behavioural responses were examined. DEX decreased cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte whereas glucose concentration was increased under both normal and endotoxemic conditions. By contrast, DEX decreased triglyceride, lactate, and IL-6 concentrations and increased platelet count only under an endotoxemic condition. DEX also reduced the frequency of sickness behaviour following LPS challenge. PCA showed that glucose and triglyceride metabolism together with red blood cell count mainly contributed to the separation of clusters during DEX treatment. Our study demonstrates that DEX protects pigs from inflammation and morbidity in endotoxemia, in spite of their less sensitivity to DEX. Moreover, its considerable role in the regulation of the metabolic and hematologic responses in endotoxemic pigs is revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Margret Tuchscherer
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Terenina E, Sautron V, Ydier C, Bazovkina D, Sevin-Pujol A, Gress L, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Billon Y, Liaubet L, Mormede P, Villa-Vialaneix N. Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:988. [PMID: 29273011 PMCID: PMC5741867 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is a generic term used to describe non-specific responses of the body to all kinds of challenges. A very large variability in the response can be observed across individuals, depending on numerous conditioning factors like genetics, early influences and life history. As a result, there is a wide range of individual vulnerability and resilience to stress, also called robustness. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding strategies is increasing progressively towards the production of animals with a high level of production under a wide range of climatic conditions and management systems, together with a lower environmental impact and a high level of animal welfare. The present study aims at describing blood transcriptomic, hormonal, and metabolic responses of pigs to a systemic challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective is to analyze the individual variation of the biological responses in relation to the activity of the HPA axis measured by the levels of plasma cortisol after LPS and ACTH in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs. The kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reaches its peak 4 h after LPS injection. The characteristic changes of white blood cell count to LPS were observed, with a decrease of total count, maximal at t=+4 h, and the mirror changes in the respective proportions of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocytes / granulocytes ratio was maximal at t=+1 h. An integrative statistical approach was used and provided a set of candidate genes for kinetic studies and ongoing complementary studies focused on the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the specific biomarkers indicative of an inflammation in swine. Furthermore, these stress responses persist for prolonged periods of time and at significant expression levels, making them good candidate markers for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4363-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Terenina
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France.
| | - Valérie Sautron
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Caroline Ydier
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Darya Bazovkina
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Amélie Sevin-Pujol
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Laure Gress
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Yvon Billon
- INRA, UE 1372 GenESI, Surgeres, F-17700, France
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Pierre Mormede
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
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