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Plata-Pérez G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Morales-Almaráz E, Del Razo-Rodríguez OE, López-González F, Peláez-Acero A, Campos-Montiel RG, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Vieyra-Alberto R. Oilseed Supplementation Improves Milk Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow Milk: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131642. [PMID: 35804541 PMCID: PMC9265076 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed supplementation is a strategy to improve milk production and milk composition in dairy cows; however, the response to this approach is inconsistent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oilseed supplementation on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows via a meta-analysis and meta-regression. A comprehensive and structured search was performed using the following electronic databases: Google Scholar, Primo-UAEH and PubMed. The response variables were: milk yield (MY), atherogenic index (AI), Σ omega-3 PUFA, Σ omega-6 PUFA, fat, protein, lactose, linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA), oleic acid (OA), vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. The explanatory variables were breed, lactation stage (first, second, and third), oilseed type (linseed, soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower), way (whole, extruded, ground, and roasted), dietary inclusion level, difference of the LA, LNA, OA, forage and NDF of supplemented and control rations, washout period and experimental design. A meta-analysis was performed with the “meta” package of the statistical program R. A meta-regression analysis was applied to explore the sources of heretogeneity. The inclusion of oilseeds in dairy cow rations had a positive effect on CLA (+0.27 g 100 g−1 fatty acids (FA); p < 0.0001), VA (+1.03 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), OA (+3.44 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), LNA (+0.28 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001) and UFA (+8.32 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), and negative effects on AI (−1.01; p < 0.0001), SFA (−6.51; p < 0.0001), fat milk (−0.11%; p < 0.001) and protein milk (−0.04%; p < 0.007). Fat content was affected by animal breed, lactation stage, type and processing of oilseed and dietary NDF and LA contents. CLA, LA, OA and UFA, desirable FA milk components, were affected by type, processing, and the intake of oilseed; additionally, the concentrations of CLA and VA are affected by washout and design. Oilseed supplementation in dairy cow rations has a positive effect on desirable milk components for human consumption. However, animal response to oilseed supplementation depends on explanatory variables related to experimental design, animal characteristics and the type of oilseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Plata-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Juan C. Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.-H.); (R.V.-A.)
| | - Ernesto Morales-Almaráz
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | - Oscar E. Del Razo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Felipe López-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario No. 100 Ote, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | - Armando Peláez-Acero
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Rafael G. Campos-Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
| | - Rodolfo Vieyra-Alberto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.-H.); (R.V.-A.)
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Aoki H, Sato Y, Katsumata S, Yamauchi M, Yamanaka S, Kishi Y, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. Effects of calcium salt of linseed oil fatty acid with different oil adsorbents on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13707. [PMID: 35289034 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of supplementary calcium salt of fatty acid (CSFA) from linseed oil with different oil adsorbents on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics in barley substrate condition. A non-supplementation treatment (CONT) and treatments of six products, CSFA without oil adsorbent (2.1 fatty acid/Ca molar ratio) and CSFAs with silica gel, zeolite, bentonite, diatomite, and vermiculite (2.8 fatty acid/Ca molar ratio), were prepared. The supplementary 2% and 4% CSFA with silica gel (+S) in the substrate reduced CH4 production 56% and 79%, respectively, compared with that in CONT (p < 0.01). The products, except for +S, did not decrease CH4 production. The dry matter (DM) disappearance in CSFAs with oil adsorbents was lower than that in the CSFA without oil adsorbent (74.8%-77.3% vs. 79.3%, p < 0.01), and crude protein (CP) disappearance in +S supplementation was lower than that of the other products (53.5% vs. 57.2%-59.1%, p < 0.01). The +S supplementation decreased acetate proportion and increased propionate proportion (p < 0.01). Our study indicated that although the disappearance of DM and CP might decrease, using silica gel as an oil adsorbent of linseed oil calcium salt with high fatty acid/Ca molar ratio has the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Aoki
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachi Katsumata
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momo Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kishi
- Research & Development Department, Taiyo Yushi Corp., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazato Oishi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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WANDERLEY AM, ÍTAVO LCV, SANTOS GTD, ÍTAVO CCBF, DIAS AM, DIFANTE GDS, GURGEL ALC, CUNHA CS, MATEUS RG, CARDOSO CAL, OLIVEIRA MVMD. Sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids from oilseeds in dairy cows diets can alter yield of and fatty acid profile in milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.119021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang S, Tang L, Xu F, Hui Y, Lu H, Liu X. TRPV1 Receptor-Mediated Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Capsaicin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:750355. [PMID: 34692753 PMCID: PMC8526734 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that capsaicin exhibits hypoglycemic effects by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel in diabetic rats. Interestingly, capsiate was also able to activate the TRPV1 channel, but with a non-significant hypoglycemic effect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of capsaicin on the glycometabolism of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by blocking the TRPV1 channel. After a 4-week capsaicin treatment (6 mg/kg·bw), the serum insulin level of STZ-induced diabetic rats increased from 15.2 to 22.1 mIU/L, the content of hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen increased by 81.2 and 20.2%, respectively, and the blood glucose level decreased significantly from 19.3 to 14.7 mmol/L. When the TRPV1 channel was blocked, capsaicin lost the above-mentioned effects, and the hypoglycemic effect was no longer significant. It was concluded that a combined up-regulation of both TRPV1 receptors and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) led to the hypoglycemic effect of capsaicin, which partially explains our previous observation: capsiate activating TRPV1 without showing a significant hypoglycemic effect was due to the lack of a significant up-regulation of PDX-1. Based on the experimental results, we speculated that two signaling pathways [TRPV1-(PDX1)-(GLUT2/GK) and TRPV1-(PDX-1)-(IRS1/2)] exist in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Tang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanshu Xu
- Department of Cell and System Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yonghai Hui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongjia Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wanderley AM, Ítavo LCV, Dos Santos GT, Ítavo CCBF, Cunha CS, Dos Santos Difante G, Dias AM, Mateus RG, de Oliveira MVM. Ruminal degradation kinetics of diets with different lipid sources and its influence on intake and milk yield of early lactation crossbred Holstein × Gir cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:516. [PMID: 34654978 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesized that the dietary inclusion of different lipid sources does not alter diet quality, feed intake, and, consequently, milk yield of cows. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental lipid sources for early lactation crossbred cows on milk yield, intake, and diet quality through in vitro digestibility and fermentation kinetics, and to demonstrate which variables have the most impact on each diet using principal component analysis (PCA). Five early lactating crossbred ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir cows (35 ± 8 days in milk), with a mean body weight of 410 ± 7.15 kg of body weight, were randomly allotted to a 5 × 5 Latin square. The treatments consisted of five experimental diets: a control diet with no additional lipid source and four diets with different lipid sources: cottonseed (242.6 g/kg of dry matter (DM)), sunflower seed (243.0 g/kg of DM), whole soybeans (234.0 g/kg of DM), and soybean oil (42.0 g/kg of DM), which were included at a rate to provide 70 g/kg of lipid. Diets with no additional lipid source and containing whole soybeans had higher DM, OM, and CP digestibility than other treatments. The diet containing soybean oil had the highest EE digestibility. Gas production was highest in the diet containing soybean oil. The dietary treatments did not affect DM intake. Milk yield was lower in cows receiving diets containing cottonseed. Whole soybeans can be included in diets for lactating cows to increase the energy intake without impairing the feed intake and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Martins Wanderley
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Camila Soares Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Filinto Müller, 2443, Campo Grande, 79074-460, Brazil
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Tosto MSL, Santos SA, Filho RDCP, Rodrigues TCGDC, Nicory IMC, de Carvalho GGP, Bittencourt RF, Ayres MCC, Pereira TCDJ. Metabolic and behavior changings during the transition period as predictors of calving proximity and welfare of dairy goats. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 11:100168. [PMID: 33598586 PMCID: PMC7868806 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This Research aimed to evaluate the metabolic status and behavior changes during the transition period in dairy goats from three breeds, under tropical conditions. Thirty multiparous female goats were kept in pens, distributed randomly by breeds. Infrared cameras were fitted in the pens to monitor the animals, and its activities were recorded. Goats displayed varied idle, standing, walking, and feeding behaviors at kidding day (P < 0.10) when compared with the days after and before. Agnostic interactions prevailed between 3.33 and 7.98% of the time on the day of kidding. There was a day effect for the exploratory activities (P < 0.10), where the most exploratory activities were observed on the day of kidding. The milk production and fat content differed according to breed and lactation week. Collective pens for lactating goats, kept in a tropical environment, do not compromise the social behavior and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Silva Libânio Tosto
- Corresponding author. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, 500, Ondina, Zipcode 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Fatty Acid Profile and Enterolactone Content of Early and Commercial Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Flaked Flaxseed during the Dry Period. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122394. [PMID: 33333731 PMCID: PMC7765167 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various supplementations in animal feeding have been investigate in order to enrich food of animal origin with n-3 fatty acids. Although the effects of flaxseeds inclusion in diets for lactating dairy have already been assessed, few studies have focused on this n-3 source supplementation during the transition period. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of flacked flaxseed (200 g/head/day; 2.13% DM) dietary treatment during the dry period on milk yield and quality in the 30 days after calving. In addition, the enterolactone content in plasma (before and after calving) and in milk of cows fed diets supplemented or not with flaxseed was considered. The study demonstrated that the carry-over effect on the milk profile of C18:2, C18:3 n-3, and C20:5 n-3 was significantly higher in flaxseed diet than in the control one at 4th day of lactation. A significant increase of enterolactone on milk from flaxseed fed cows was observed only at 15 sampling day. The quick modification in fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk in the first few days of lactation suggests that the carry over effect from pre-calving flaxseed feeding at this concentration was very short lasting.
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Freitas Júnior JE, Bettero VP, Zanferari F, Del Valle TA, De Paiva PG, Ferreira De Jesus E, Takiya CS, Leite LC, Dias M, Rennó FP. Ruminal fatty acid outflow in dry cows fed different sources of linoleic acid: reticulum and omasum as alternative sampling sites to abomasum. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:171-193. [PMID: 31033355 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1595886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the rumen outflow of fatty acids (FA) and biohydrogenation (BH) extent using alternative sampling sites (reticulum and omasum) to abomasum in dry cows fed different sources of FA. Four Holstein non-pregnant dry cows (≥3 parturitions, and 712 ± 125 kg BW), cannulated in the rumen and abomasum, were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment, containing the following treatments: 1) control (CON); 2) soya bean oil (SO), dietary inclusion at 30 g/kg; 3) whole raw soya beans (WS), dietary inclusion at 160 g/kg; and 4) calcium salts of FA (CSFA), dietary inclusion at 32 g/kg. Rumen outflow of nutrients was estimated using the three markers reconstitution system (cobalt-EDTA, ytterbium chloride, and indigestible neutral detergent fibre [NDF]). Diets with FA sources decreased feed intake and increased FA intake. No differences in nutrient intake and digestibility were detected among cows fed diets supplemented with different FA sources. Diets with FA sources reduced the rumen outflow of DM and NDF, hence decreasing their passage rates. In addition, SO diet reduced the ruminal outflow of DM and NDF in comparison with WS and CSFA. Omasal sampling yielded the highest values of rumen outflow of NDF and potentially degradable NDF (pdNDF), whereas the reticular and abomasal samplings yielded intermediate and least values, respectively. The interaction effect between diet and sampling site was observed for rumen outflow of majority FA (except for C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 trans-10, cis-12) and BH extension of C18:1 cis, C18:2, and C18:3. Calculations derived from abomasal sampling revealed that WS and CSFA diets had lower BH extent of C18:1 cis and C18:2 in comparison with SO, whereas cows fed CSFA had greater BH extent of C18:3 and lower BH extent of C18:1 cis compared to those fed WS. However, the latter results were not similar when calculations were performed based on the reticular and omasal samplings. Thus, there is evidence that neither reticular nor omasal samplings are suitable for estimating rumen outflow of FA in dry cows. In addition, WS and CSFA diets can increase the abomasal flow of polyunsaturated FA in dry cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Freitas Júnior
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production , University of São Paulo , Pirassununga , Brazil
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Vitor P Bettero
- c Department of Animal Science , UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho' , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Filipe Zanferari
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production , University of São Paulo , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - Tiago A Del Valle
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production , University of São Paulo , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - Pablo G De Paiva
- c Department of Animal Science , UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho' , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Elmeson Ferreira De Jesus
- c Department of Animal Science , UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho' , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Caio S Takiya
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production , University of São Paulo , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - Laudi C Leite
- d Department of Animal Sciences , Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia , Cruz das Almas , Brazil
| | - Márcia Dias
- e Department of Animal Sciences , Federal University of Goiás , Jataí , Brazil
| | - Francisco P Rennó
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production , University of São Paulo , Pirassununga , Brazil
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Hypoglycaemic effect of capsaicinoids via elevation of insulin level and inhibition of glucose absorption in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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10
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Freitas JE, Takiya CS, Del Valle TA, Barletta RV, Venturelli BC, Vendramini THA, Mingoti RD, Calomeni GD, Gardinal R, Gandra JR, Bettero VP, Ferreira de Jesus E, Oliveira MDS, Rennó FP. Ruminal biohydrogenation and abomasal flow of fatty acids in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with soybean oil, whole soybeans, or calcium salts of fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7881-7891. [PMID: 30007815 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants have a unique metabolism and digestion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Unlike monogastric animals, the fatty acid (FA) profile ingested by ruminants is not the same as that reaching the small intestine. The objective of this study was to evaluate whole raw soybeans (WS) in diets as a replacer for calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) in terms of UFA profile in the abomasal digesta of early- to mid-lactation cows. Eight Holstein cows (80 ± 20 d in milk, 22.9 ± 0.69 kg/d of milk yield, and 580 ± 20 kg of body weight; mean ± standard deviation) with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with 22-d periods. The experiment evaluated different fat sources rich in linoleic acid on ruminal kinetics, ruminal fermentation, FA abomasal flow, and milk FA profile of cows assigned to treatment sequences containing a control (CON), with no fat source; soybean oil, added at 2.68% of diet dry matter (DM); WS, addition of WS at 14.3% of diet DM; and CSFA, addition of CSFA at 2.68% of diet DM. Dietary fat supplementation had no effect on nutrient intake and digestibility, with the exception of ether extract. Cows fed fat sources tended to have lower milk fat concentration than those fed CON. In general, diets containing fat sources tended to decrease ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility in relation to CON. Cows fed WS had lower ruminal digestibility of DM and higher abomasal flow of DM in comparison to cows fed CSFA. As expected, diets containing fat supplements increased FA abomasal flow of C18:0 and total FA. Cows fed WS tended to present a higher concentration of UFA in milk when compared with those fed CSFA. This study suggests that under some circumstances, abomasal flow of UFA in early lactation cows can be increased by supplementing their diet with fat supplements rich in linoleic acid, regardless of rumen protection, with small effects on ruminal DM digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, 0170-110
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T A Del Valle
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - R V Barletta
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - B C Venturelli
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T H A Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - R D Mingoti
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - G D Calomeni
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - R Gardinal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - J R Gandra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil, 79825-070
| | - V P Bettero
- Department of Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil, 14884-900
| | - E Ferreira de Jesus
- Department of Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil, 14884-900
| | - M D S Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil, 14884-900
| | - F P Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900.
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Gardinal R, Calomeni GD, Zanferari F, Vendramini THA, Takiya CS, Del Valle TA, Renno FP. Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Milk fatty acid profile and oocyte and embryo quality of early-lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:675-689. [PMID: 29102140 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybeans (WS) supplementation during the prepartum period on nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance, blood metabolites, and oocyte and embryo quality of transition cows. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G): G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control), supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30, and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected on d -49, -35, -21, -14, -7, 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 70 relative to partum. Ovum pick-ups were performed on d 21 ± 3, 42 ± 7, 63 ± 7, and 84 ± 7 of lactation. Different durations of WS supplementation did not affect DMI and apparent total-tract digestibility in either the pre- or postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation had no effect on milk yield and composition nor energy balance of cows. However, the duration of WS supplementation had several effects on milk fatty acid (FA) profile of cows, including a linear decrease in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1, unsaturated C18, total monounsaturated, and unsaturated FA. Further, the milk contents of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 FA, cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 FA, and total polyunsaturated FA were increased when WS were fed to cows from 30 d but not from 60 or 90 d of the expected calving date. The length of WS supplementation in the prepartum period linearly increased blood cholesterol concentration of cows during the prepartum period, but it had no effect on blood glucose and nonesterified FA concentrations in the pre- and postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period increased the average number of grade 2 oocytes, notably in G60, but it had no effect on embryo production and cleavage proportion of early-lactation cows. The duration of WS supplementation in the prepartum period had no effect on milk yield and energy balance of the subsequent lactation, but it altered milk FA profile in early lactation by decreasing unsaturated FA content, notably when starting to supplement WS at 90 and 60 d from the expected calving date. Our results also showed that the duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period does not improve oocyte quality in the subsequent lactation of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gardinal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - G D Calomeni
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - F Zanferari
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T H A Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T A Del Valle
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - F P Renno
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900; Bursar 1-C of the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development, Brasilia, Brazil, 716055-001.
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12
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Gardinal R, Calomeni GD, Zanferari F, Vendramini THA, Takiya CS, Bertagnon HG, Batista CF, Della Libera AMMP, Renno FP. Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Measures of cellular immune function in transition cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:661-674. [PMID: 29102135 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybean (WS) supplementation (diet rich in n-6 fatty acid) during the prepartum period on cellular immune function of dairy cows in the transition period and early lactation. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G) [G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control)] supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30 and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding (d -56 ± 2, -28 ± 2, -14 ± 2, -7 ± 2, at the day of partum, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 28 ± 2, and 56 ± 2 relative to parturition). Cell phenotyping and phagocytosis assays were carried out using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry technique. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD3+ cells, as well as increased the percentage of blood CD8+ cells in the postpartum period, notably in G30, whereas the lowest values were observed in G0. Further, the duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the reactive oxygen species median fluorescence intensity of CH138+ cells after phagocytizing Staphylococcus aureus in the postpartum period. Longer periods of WS supplementation linearly increased phagocytosis median fluorescence intensity of CH138+ cells in the prepartum period of cows. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD14+ cells producing reactive oxygen species when stimulated either by Staph. aureus or Escherichia coli in the postpartum period. In conclusion, longer periods of WS supplementation during late lactation and the dry period (beginning on d 90 of the expected calving date) alter the leukocyte population and improve neutrophil immune response in the postpartum period with no detrimental effects on cow performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gardinal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - G D Calomeni
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - F Zanferari
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T H A Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - H G Bertagnon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - C F Batista
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - A M M P Della Libera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - F P Renno
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900; Bursar 1-C of the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development, Brasilia, Brazil, 71605-001.
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Zhang S, Ma X, Zhang L, Sun H, Liu X. Capsaicin Reduces Blood Glucose by Increasing Insulin Levels and Glycogen Content Better than Capsiate in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2323-2330. [PMID: 28230360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chili peppers exhibit antiobesity, anticancer, antidiabetic, and pain- and itch-relieving effects on animals and humans; these effects are due to capsaicin, which is the main pungent and biologically active component of pepper. Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, is similar to capsaicin in terms of structure and biological activity. In this study, we investigated whether capsaicin and capsiate exhibit the same hypoglycemic effects on rats with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Experimental rats were categorized into four groups: control, model, capsaicin, and capsiate groups. The two treatment groups were treated orally with 6 mg/kg bw capsaicin and capsiate daily for 28 days. Treatment with capsaicin and capsiate increased body weight, increased glycogen content, and inhibited intestinal absorption of sugar in T1D rats. Particularly, insulin levels were increased from 14.9 ± 0.76 mIU/L (model group) to 22.4 ± 1.39 mIU/L (capsaicin group), but the capsiate group (16.7 ± 0.79 mIU/L) was increased by only 12.2%. Analysis of the related genes suggested that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor was activated by capsaicin. Liver X receptor and pancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 controlled the glycometabolism balance by regulating the expression levels of glucose kinase, glucose transport protein 2 (GLUT2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, leading to reduced blood glucose levels in T1D rats. Meanwhile, the hypoglycemic effect was enhanced by the down-regulated expression of sodium glucose cotransporter 1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the intestine. The results showed that the spicy characteristics of capsaicin might be the root of its ability to decrease blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Tiansheng Road 2, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Tiansheng Road 2, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Tiansheng Road 2, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Tiansheng Road 2, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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