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Will KJ, Zanin GP, Magoga J, da Rosa Ulguim R, Mellagi APG, Bortolozzo FP. Effect of peripartum dexamethasone treatment on farrowing outcomes and newborn piglet traits in multiparous sows. Theriogenology 2024; 223:22-28. [PMID: 38657436 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of dexamethasone treatment on farrowing performance and piglet traits in the first 5 days of life in multiparous sows, a high-risk group for stillbirths and prolonged farrowing. In this study, 185 multiparous sows (parity 4.25 ± 0.14) were selected on the day of farrowing and divided into three treatments: CON - control, without dexamethasone treatment; DexaPF - treatment with dexamethasone (20 mg im per female) at the time of copious colostrum secretion (pre-farrowing); and DexaFO - treatment with dexamethasone (20 mg im per female) when the first piglet was born (farrowing onset). All sows and their litters were monitored for farrowing duration, obstetric interventions, colostrum yield and intake, newborn piglet traits, and piglet performance until 5 d of age. A subsample of 106 females (∼35 per treatment) had their blood glucose concentration checked hourly shortly after the first piglet was born until the end of farrowing. Additionally, blood samples from 42 litters were collected for immunocrit evaluation. The results showed no differences regarding farrowing duration (CON = 258.02 ± 13.81 min; DexaPF = 251.29 ± 13.60 min; DexaFO = 294.92 ± 13.89 min; P = 0.06) and obstetric intervention rates among treatments (CON = 36.58 ± 6.78 %; DexaPF = 42.16 ± 6.89 %; DexaFO = 48.05 ± 7.08 %; P = 0.45). The blood glucose concentration during farrowing was higher in DexaPF (94.56 ± 1.57 mg/dL; P < 0.001) than in CON (73.50 ± 1.72 mg/dL) and DexaFO (87.94 ± 1.80 mg/dL). No differences were observed regarding total piglets born and born alive, stillborn, newborn piglet vitality, colostrum intake, immunocrit, colostrum yield, and glycemia and rectal temperature at 24 h of age (P ≥ 0.13). Regarding meconium staining, higher percentages of piglets born without meconium staining were observed in DexaFO (54.77 ± 5.21 %; P = 0.02) compared with CON (48.58 ± 5.26 %), and no difference was observed for the DexaPF group (53.23 ± 5.21 %). In addition, a higher unbroken umbilical cord rate was observed in DexaFO (92.41 ± 1.31 %; P < 0.01) than the CON or DexaPF (86.91 ± 1.97 % and 89.31 ± 1.67 %, respectively). However, the treatments did not affect piglet performance (weight gain and survival) until 5 d of age (P ≥ 0.15). In summary, dexamethasone treatment in periparturient multiparous sows did not improve farrowing performance and key production parameters, such as the piglet weight gain and survival up to 5 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaqueline Will
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Piovesan Zanin
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joana Magoga
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Rosa Ulguim
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves Mellagi
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Carnevale RF, Muro BBD, Leal DF, Alves LKS, Monteiro MS, Gomes NAC, Pereira FA, Ferreira FNA, Neta CSS, Watanabe TTN, Almond GW, Garbossa CAP. The effects of feeding sows at onset of farrowing supplemental energy (blend of carbohydrates and glycerol) on farrowing kinetics and piglet vitality. Animal 2024; 18:101104. [PMID: 38417217 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivering piglets is one of the most energy-demanding activities sows undergo in their lifetime. Sows can have myometrial contractions from 2 to 12 h before the first piglet is expelled as well as a nest-building behavior. Thus, when the first piglet is delivered, the female has already used part of her energy supply. When the sow gets exhausted due to lack of energy, the farrowing process can be interrupted, causing damage to the viability and vitality of the piglets. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of feeding sows an energy supplement at the onset of farrowing on farrowing kinetics and piglet vitality. The energy supplement consisted of a blend of carbohydrates and glycerol which provides 439 kJ of metabolizable energy per kg of metabolic weight. A total of 180 sows were used. At the onset of farrowing, sows were assigned to one of the following treatments: sows that were not supplied energy at the onset of farrowing, serving as controls (CON, n = 85); sows fed the energy supplement at the onset of farrowing (ESP, n = 95). Farrowing kinetics, blood glucose concentration, and piglet vitality were recorded for each sow. Blood glucose concentration was assessed by puncturing the auricular vein and using a portable glucometer at four different time points: after the birth of the 1st piglet (T0), and at 20 (T20), 40 (T40), 80 (T80), and 180 (T180) min after the birth of the 1st piglet. The vitality of the 1st, 6th, 12th, 17th, and 20th piglet born was evaluated using the Apgar score. Piglet birth weight and average colostrum intake were measured. The farrowing duration was 20 min shorter (P < 0.05) for ESP sows in comparison with CON sows. Sows from ESP treatment had higher (P ≤ 0.05) blood glucose concentration at T20 and T40 compared to the CON sows. The inter-piglet birth interval was shortened (P < 0.05) by 14 min between the 1st and 2nd piglet for the ESP treatment. The 17th and 20th piglets born from ESP sows had higher (P < 0.05) Apgar score compared to piglets of the same birth order from CON sows. Colostrum intake was higher (P < 0.01) for piglets born from ESP sows. Litter growth performance did not differ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding a blend of carbohydrates and glycerol as an energy supplement for farrowing sows improved farrowing kinetics and piglet vitality score.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Carnevale
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - B B D Muro
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - L K S Alves
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Monteiro
- Nerthus Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento LTDA, São Carlos, SP 13563-651, Brazil
| | - N A C Gomes
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F A Pereira
- Technical Services Department, Agroceres Multimix, Rio Claro, SP 13502-741, Brazil
| | - F N A Ferreira
- Technical Services Department, Agroceres Multimix, Rio Claro, SP 13502-741, Brazil
| | - C S S Neta
- Technical Services Department, Agroceres Multimix, Rio Claro, SP 13502-741, Brazil
| | - T T N Watanabe
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G W Almond
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - C A P Garbossa
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Ampode KMB, Mun HS, Lagua EB, Chem V, Park HR, Kim YH, Yang CJ. Bump Feeding Improves Sow Reproductive Performance, Milk Yield, Piglet Birth Weight, and Farrowing Behavior. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3148. [PMID: 37835754 PMCID: PMC10571924 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The late gestation period is crucial for fetal growth and development, impacting swine enterprises' profitability. Various nutritional strategies have been explored to enhance reproductive performance in sows, but findings regarding birth weight and litter size have been inconsistent. This study investigated the effects of increased feeding allowance during the late gestation period on the reproductive performance and farrowing behavior of primiparous and multiparous sows. A total of 28 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in this experiment, and fed 2.50 kg/d or 3.50 kg/d from 84 days of gestation until farrowing. Farrowing behavior was monitored using a DeepEyesTM M3SEN camera. The data were analyzed using the 2 × 2 factorial within Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2011, Version 9.3) software. The results indicated that regardless of the parity number, sows fed a high diet exhibited a numerical increase in the total number of born piglets and a significant increase in milk yield (p = 0.014) and piglet birthweight (p = 0.023). Backfat thickness loss was significantly higher in sows with a 2.50 kg feeding allowance (p = 0.022), and the total number of piglets born, live births, and litter size were numerically higher in sows fed 3.50 kg per day. Moreover, stillborn piglets, mortality rate, and re-estrus days were numerically lower in sows with a high feeding allowance. The diet and parity did not individually affect the average duration of farrowing and farrowing intervals. However, the duration of postural changes in sows after farrowing was significantly reduced (p = 0.012). The principal component analysis revealed 81.40% and 80.70% differences upon partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Therefore, increasing feeding allowance during the late gestation period, regardless of parity, could positively influence sows' reproductive performance and piglets' growth performance during the lactation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiven Mark B. Ampode
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Sultan Kudarat State University, Tacurong 9800, Philippines
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eddiemar B. Lagua
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Veasna Chem
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rang Park
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Theil PK, Krogh U, Bruun TS, Feyera T. Feeding the modern sow to sustain high productivity. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:517-532. [PMID: 35451142 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selection for hyper-prolific sows has increased the litter size by more than 50% during the last three decades, and proper nutrition of the female pigs has concomitantly changed due to improved prolificacy and productivity of gilts and sows. This review summarizes the physiological characteristics and nutritional challenges associated with feeding modern hyper-prolific sows during the gilt rearing period and during gestation, transition, and lactation periods. The review presents up-to-date knowledge of the energy and lysine requirements of female pigs and focuses on how nutrition may increase fat gain and limit protein and weight gain in the gilt rearing period and in early and mid-gestation. In late gestation, fetal and mammary growth should be considered and during the transition, colostrum yield and farrowing performance need to be optimized. Finally, milk production should be optimized and body mobilization should be minimized in the lactation period to achieve high feed efficiency in hyper-prolific sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Uffe Krogh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Livestock, SEGES Innovation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Takele Feyera
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Islas-Fabila P, Bonilla-Jaime H, González-Hernández M, Vega-Manríquez X, Jiménez-Collado CA, Ballesteros-Rodea G, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Orozco-Gregorio H, Roldán-Santiago P. Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on the characteristics of farrowing and piglet vitality. Theriogenology 2023; 200:49-59. [PMID: 36758457 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia is considered the main non-infectious cause of prepartum mortality in swine, as well as an important factor that negatively affects neonatal vitality and can trigger physiological and metabolic disorders. Hence, the search for pharmacological protocols to reduce the harmful effects of asphyxia is a key area of research. Recent observations show that administering thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) prior to a hypoxic event in certain species (rabbits, rats) has a neuroprotector effect that preserves energy metabolism under hypoxic conditions. Given this, the objective of this study was to evaluate a prophylactic protocol in high- and low-vitality neonate piglets based on TPP's effect on physiological and metabolic responses, body temperature, and weight. A total of 149 piglets born from 15 multiparous sows were used. The dams were randomly divided into two groups: control (NaCl 0.9%) and TPP (25 ml of TTP) administered 24 and 12 h before the expected farrowing date. The following reproductive variables of the sows were recorded: duration of farrowing, total number of piglets born per litter, number of liveborn piglets per litter, number of stillbirths and mummified fetuses at birth, and number of live piglets at weaning. In addition, the expulsion interval and vitality of all neonates were evaluated, body temperatures were recorded at ten intervals, and physiological profiles (blood gases, electrolytes, glucose) were registered for each neonate. Results show that the TPP-treated sows had shorter farrowing duration (P = 0.0060) and higher percentage of high-vitality neonates (60%). Moreover, their offspring exhibited greater vitality, fewer imbalances in their physiological and metabolic profiles, and greater weight gain at weaning (P < 0.0001). Findings suggest that administering TPP exerts a protective effect when hypoxic events occur, though this differs from results obtained with rat pups, where applying TPP after such events did not provide protection from asphyxia-induced damage. These differences may be due to the moment at which TPP was applied. The application time we selected was distinct from the procedure followed with rats because it was based on a dataset that describes the influence of administering TPP as a prophylactic treatment before a hypoxic event. Prophylactic administration of TPP to sows at the end of gestation exerted a neuroprotective effect on neonatal vitality and gas exchanges and energy metabolism in the offspring that were reflected in the greater weekly weight gain in those piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Islas-Fabila
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Milagros González-Hernández
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Xóchil Vega-Manríquez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | | | - Gilberto Ballesteros-Rodea
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan, 04910, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Héctor Orozco-Gregorio
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Will KJ, Magoga J, De Conti ER, da Rosa Ulguim R, Mellagi APG, Bortolozzo FP. Relationship between dexamethasone treatment around parturition of primiparous sows and farrowing performance and newborn piglet traits. Theriogenology 2023; 198:256-263. [PMID: 36623428 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between the steroidal anti-inflammatory action of dexamethasone treatment in primiparous sows and farrowing and piglet performance in the first 5 d of life. For this purpose, 234 gilts were selected on the day of farrowing and distributed among three treatments: CON - control, without dexamethasone treatment; DexaPF - treatment with dexamethasone (20 mg im) per female at the moment of copious colostrum secretion (pre-farrowing); and DexaFO - treatment with dexamethasone (20 mg im), per female when the first piglet was born (farrowing onset). All females and their litters were evaluated regarding farrowing duration, obstetric interventions, colostrum yield and intake, newborn piglet traits, and piglet performance until 5 d of age. A subsample of 79 females (∼26 per treatment) had their blood glucose concentration evaluated hourly shortly after the first piglet was born until the end of farrowing. Additionally, blood samples from 11 litters per treatment were collected for immunocrit evaluation. As a result, faster farrowing was observed in the DexaPF treatment (188.14 min; P = 0.002) compared with CON (229.99 min) and DexaFO (221.79 min). Additionally, lower obstetric intervention rates were observed in sows treated with dexamethasone (DexaPF = 7.69%; DexaFO = 5.13%) compared with CON (19.23%; P = 0.02). The sow's blood glucose concentration during farrowing was higher in DexaPF (90.55 mg/dL) than in CON (73.15 mg/dL) and DexaFO (80.06 mg/dL) treatments (P < 0.01). Besides the effect on farrowing duration, no differences among treatments were observed regarding piglets born alive and stillbirths, newborn piglet vitality, colostrum consumption, immunocrit, and colostrum yield (P ≥ 0.17). Regarding piglet traits, higher percentages of piglets born without meconium staining and lower percentages of piglets with meconium scores 2 and 3 were observed in the groups treated with dexamethasone (DexaPF and DexaFO; P < 0.01) compared with CON. However, piglet weight gain and survival rate until 5 d of age were not affected by the treatment (P ≥ 0.61). In summary, dexamethasone treatment before farrowing onset, in primiparous sows, had the potential to reduce the farrowing duration and the necessity of obstetric intervention, but it did not affect the main productive parameters such as the occurrence of stillbirths, piglet weight gain, and survival rates until 5 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaqueline Will
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joana Magoga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Rigo De Conti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Rosa Ulguim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves Mellagi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Odakura AM, Caldara FR, Burbarelli MFDC, Almeida Paz ICDL, Garcia RG, Oliveira dos Santos VM, de Brito Mandu DF, Braz JM, Lourenço da Silva MI. Dietary Supplementation of Eubiotic Fiber Based on Lignocellulose on Performance and Welfare of Gestating and Lactating Sows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040695. [PMID: 36830483 PMCID: PMC9952275 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially fermentable insoluble dietary fiber supplementation on the behavior, surface temperature, and reproductive parameters of gestating and lactating sows, as well as on the performance of their litters. Four hundred hyper-prolific sows were assigned in a randomized block design with two treatment groups during the gestation phase: Control (C), corn-soy based diets, or corn-soy based diets with daily 55 g supplementation of eubiotic fiber (F) from the 85th day of gestation until the farrowing (late pregnancy). During the lactation phase, the sows were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design using the following treatment groups: (1) CC, no fiber included during gestation and lactation. (2) FC, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during late pregnancy. (3) CF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during lactation. (4) FF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber during late pregnancy and lactation. Sows that received dietary fiber supplementation during the final third of gestation increased feed intake during lactation. Piglets from sows supplemented in both phases showed a significant increase in weight at weaning. The dietary supplementation of eubiotic fiber for sows in the end period of gestation and lactation improved performance and welfare, with positive consequences for developing their litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnês Markiy Odakura
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Oliveira dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Murback Braz
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
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The improvement of parturition duration by high intake of dietary fibre in late gestation is associated with gut microbiota and metabolome in sows. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2341-2352. [PMID: 35152932 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged parturition duration has been widely demonstrated to be a risk factor for incidence of stillbirth. This study evaluated the supply of dietary fibre on the parturition duration, gut microbiota and metabolome using sows as a model. A total of 40 Yorkshire sows were randomly given diet containing normal level of dietary fibre (NDF, 17·5 % dietary fibre) or high level of dietary fibre (HDF, 33·5 % dietary fibre). Faecal microbiota profiled with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, SCFA and metabolome in the faeces and plasma around parturition were compared between the dietary groups. Correlation analysis was conducted to further explore the potential associations between specific bacterial taxa and metabolites. Results showed that HDF diet significantly improved the parturition process as presented by the shorter parturition duration. HDF diet increased the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes and multiple genera. Except for butyrate, SCFA levels in the faeces and plasma of sows at parturition were elevated in HDF group. The abundances of fifteen and twelve metabolites in the faeces and plasma, respectively, markedly differ between HDF and NDF sows. These metabolites are involved in energy metabolism and bacterial metabolism. Correlation analysis also showed associations between specific bacteria taxa and metabolites. Collectively, our study indicates that the improvement of parturition duration by high fibre intake in late gestation is associated with gut microbiota, production of SCFA and other metabolites, potentially serving for energy metabolism.
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Monteiro MS, Muro BB, Carnevale RF, Poor AP, Araújo KM, Viana CH, Almond GW, Moreno AM, Garbossa CA, Leal DF. The Beneficial Effects of Providing Prepartum Sows With Nesting Materials on Farrowing Traits, Piglet Performance and Maternal Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tucker BS, Petrovski KR, Craig JR, Morrison RS, Smits RJ, Kirkwood RN. Increased feeding frequency prior to farrowing: effects on sow performance. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac062. [PMID: 35673542 PMCID: PMC9168070 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the interval between the consumption of the last meal and the start of farrowing is suggested to increase the energy available to sows during farrowing, potentially reducing the farrowing duration and easing piglet births. The present study aimed to examine whether increasing feeding frequency from one to two feeds within standard production hours (0700 to 1500 hours) would produce a difference in farrowing duration and/or stillborn numbers. From entry to farrowing crates (110 ± 1 d gestation) to farrowing (116 ± 1 d gestation), multiparous sows (n = 118) were fed a daily fixed amount of feed either once at 0800 hours or in two meals at 0800 and 1300 hours. Sow weights and backfat depths were recorded on entry and exit from the farrowing crate. Litter size and weight were recorded 24 h after farrowing and on day 21 of lactation. Sows fed twice had a shorter farrowing duration and fewer stillborn piglets than those fed once (2.21 ± 0.56 h vs. 3.25 ± 0.52 h; P = 0.001). The interaction between treatment and farrowing duration showed that sows fed twice have a reduced farrowing duration and had significantly lower stillborn rates than those fed once or those fed twice with longer farrowing durations (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that increasing feeding frequency prior to farrow can reduce the farrowing duration and stillborn numbers in some sows, however, some sows remain with a high stillborn rate regardless of feeding frequency. Piglet average daily gain was greater in once-fed sows, but fewer of these sows remained in the herd at subsequent farrowing. Further, subsequent total born and born alive were higher in twice-fed sows. Feeding sows at a higher frequency can improve farrowing performance in some sows and could increase the longevity of the sow in the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony S Tucker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jessica R Craig
- Research and Innovation, Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Morrison
- Research and Innovation, Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia
| | - Robert J Smits
- Research and Innovation, Australian Pork Limited, Barton, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Roy N Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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11
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Nam N, Sukon P. Incidence of dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and associated risk factors. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:97-103. [PMID: 35282397 PMCID: PMC8908415 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-97-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated risk factors for dystocia in swine, although this birthing abnormality can compromise welfare of both sows and piglets
by increasing stillbirth rate and decreasing sow productivity. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with dystocia at piglet level
in cloprostenol-induced farrowings. A dystocia event was recorded when a birth interval exceeded 45 min or when manual extraction was applied. Data
were collected from 898 piglets born from 77 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows, which were induced for farrowing on day 114 of
gestation. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate the association between dystocia and parity, gestation length, litter size,
relative birth order (RBO (%) = 100 ⋅ birth order/litter size), birth weight, crown rump length, body mass index, ponderal index,
piglet's sex, use of oxytocin, and stillbirth. Sows nested in farrowing batches were fitted as random factors in GLMMs. Incidence of dystocia at
piglet and farrowing levels was 11.0 % and 75.3 %, respectively. The final multivariate model explained 20.1 % variation of
dystocia. RBO had a quadratic effect on dystocia in which incidence of dystocia decreased from RBO ≤ 40 % to RBO = 60 %–70 %,
and then increased to the end of parturition. Piglets with birth weight > 1700 g and stillborn piglets had higher odds of dystocia in
comparison with piglets with a birth weight of 900–1700 g (OR = 2.63; 95 % CI = 1.66–4.18) and live-born piglets
(OR = 2.62; 95 % CI = 1.12–6.15), respectively. This study indicates that dystocia is very common in cloprostenol-induced farrowings
and suggests that the last one-third of parturitions is the most important stage to be supervised, and selection for homogenous litters and moderate
high birth weight may reduce the rate of dystocia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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12
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Maternal Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Lowers Incidence of Stillbirth in Hyper Prolific Sows under Commercial Circumstances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123364. [PMID: 34944140 PMCID: PMC8698137 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate whether or not maternal dietary nitrate supplementation, a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, could reduce piglet losses under commercial circumstances. In the current experiment, 120 hyper prolific gilts and sows (Landrace x Yorkshire: Danbred) on a commercial farm in Denmark received either a control lactation diet or a lactation diet containing 0.1% of calcium nitrate (containing 63.1% of nitrate) from approximately 5 days pre-farrowing until day 4 of lactation. The number of piglets born total, alive, and stillborn, as well as birth weights, weights after cross-fostering (approximately 1 day of age), 24 h after cross-fostering, day 3 of age, and at weaning was recorded. Placentas of sows were collected after expulsion and scored on redness. No effect of nitrate supplementation was found on piglet weight, piglet growth, placental redness score, and pre-weaning mortality during lactation. Maternal dietary nitrate supplementation decreased stillbirth percentage with 2.5% (9.9 vs. 7.4%; p = 0.05). It can be concluded that maternal dietary nitrate supplementation shows the potential to decrease the incidence of stillbirth in hyper prolific sows.
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13
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Sun H, de Laguna FB, Wang S, Liu F, Shi L, Jiang H, Hu X, Qin P, Tan J. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 on sows´
farrowing duration, reproductive performance, and weanling piglets´ performance
and IgG concentration. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 64:10-22. [PMID: 35174339 PMCID: PMC8819323 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii
CNCM I-1079 (LSB) supplemented to lactating sows on reproductive traits and
farrowing duration and to piglets from day 7 of life on post-weaning performance
and IgG concentration. Ninety-six Landrace × Yorkshire sows started the
trial 5 days before the expected farrowing date. Sows were distributed into 2
groups according to parity number and backfat thickness: control (CON: regular
lactation diet) and LSB (CON + LSB at 2 × 109 colony forming
units [CFU]/kg of feed). Seven days after birth, litters were randomly selected
from each group and supplemented creep feed with or without LSB at 2 ×
109 CFU/kg. At weaning, piglets from CON sows were shifted to a
commercial farm and allocated to 14 pens in groups of 25 piglets/pen according
to the creep feed supplemented during lactation. Piglets followed a 3-phase
feeding program: creep, pre-starter and starter, with or without LSB at 2
× 109 CFU/kg LSB in creep and pre-starter, and 1 ×
109 CFU/kg LSB in starter. The piglets were vaccinated against
classical swine fever on days 41 and 72 of life. One day before each vaccination
and at the end of the trial, blood samples were collected from 15 randomly
selected piglets per treatment and assessed for total IgG. Supplemented sows
with non-supplemented litters displayed the lowest backfat thickness loss during
lactation (p < 0.05). The LSB supplementation shortened
farrowing duration (p < 0.05) and increased feed intake
(p < 0.05) during the first week of lactation. The
LSB-fed piglets were heavier at the end of creep (p <
0.05), pre-starter (p < 0.05), and the trial
(p < 0.05); grew faster during creep
(p < 0.05), starter (p <
0.05), and overall (p < 0.05); and displayed an improved
feed conversion ratio during creep (p < 0.05). Total IgG
content was higher at days 40 (p < 0.05) and 71
(p < 0.05) in LSB-fed piglets. We conclude that
supplementing sows with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM
I-1079 from late gestation until weaning shortens farrowing duration, increases
feed intake, and minimizes backfat losses during lactation. When supplemented to
piglet diet, post-weaning performance is improved. This improvement observed
could be linked to a better immune status, as suggested by the higher IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Bravo de Laguna
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac
31702, France
- Corresponding author: Fernando Bravo de Laguna,
Lallemand SAS, Blagnac 31702, France., Tel: +34-606-434276, E-mail:
| | | | - Fengju Liu
- Beijing Hilink International
Biotechnology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Guangxi Yangxiang, Guangxi
537100, China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Guangxi Yangxiang, Guangxi
537100, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Beijing Hilink International
Biotechnology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jiajian Tan
- Guangxi Yangxiang, Guangxi
537100, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed
Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding author: Jiajian Tan, Guangxi
Yangxiang, Guangxi 537100, China., Tel: +86-775-6797781, E-mail:
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