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De las Cuevas C. Psychiatric Patients' Perceived Health Control and Reactance: Implications for Medication Adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1591-1601. [PMID: 37448759 PMCID: PMC10337681 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s417608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to prescribed treatment is a major challenge in psychiatry, with non-adherence rates estimated to be as high as 50%. Two factors that have been suggested to influence medication adherence in psychiatric patients are perceived health control and psychological reactance. Perceived health control refers to the belief that one can control their own health outcomes, while psychological reactance refers to the negative response that occurs when individuals perceive their freedom or autonomy to be threatened. The aim of this review is to explore the possible relevance and interaction of perceived health control and psychological reactance in the adherence of psychiatric patients to their treatment. Several studies have suggested that higher levels of perceived health control are associated with better medication adherence, while higher levels of psychological reactance are associated with poorer adherence. Moreover, it has been suggested that patients with high levels of perceived health control may be more likely to experience psychological reactance if they feel that their autonomy is threatened by the treatment regimen. Taken together, these findings suggest that perceived health control and psychological reactance may interact to influence medication adherence in psychiatric patients. Future research could explore ways to enhance patients' perceived health control while minimizing psychological reactance in order to improve treatment adherence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De las Cuevas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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Chauhan N, Chakrabarti S, Grover S. Detecting medication non-adherence in schizophrenia: A comparison of different methods among outpatients from a North Indian center. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:380-389. [PMID: 38161480 PMCID: PMC10756629 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_147_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rates of medication non-adherence among Indian patients with schizophrenia are high, and its detection poses problems. Comparisons of suitable measures to detect medication non-adherence in schizophrenia from Indian outpatient settings are scarce. Aim This study compared simple and inexpensive methods of detecting medication non-adherence in schizophrenia among outpatients from a tertiary-care center in North India. Materials and Method A longitudinal comparison of two self-reports, the Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire and the Drug Attitude Inventory-10, clinicians' ratings employing the Compliance Rating Scale, and clinic-based pill counts was conducted among 70 outpatients with schizophrenia. The rates and detection of medication non-adherence, associations with determinants of treatment non-adherence, and agreement between measures were examined at intake and after six months of follow-up (n = 53). Results The self-reports had greater ability to detect medication adherence (specificity 41-65%; positive predictive values 25-51%; negative likelihood ratios 0.86-1.14) and moderate ability to detect medication non-adherence (sensitivity 27-65%; negative predictive values 49-69%; positive likelihood ratios 0.78-1.10). They yielded higher medication non-adherence rates, detected changes in medication non-adherence over time, and were associated with the other measures and the well-known correlates of medication non-adherence. Clinicians' ratings and pill counts had high sensitivity (56-90%) but low specificity (35-49%) to detect medication non-adherence. Conclusion Self-reports are comparatively better screening options for detecting medication non-adherence among Indian outpatients with schizophrenia. However, the sequential use of different measures could lead to better recognition of medication non-adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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3
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Kule M, Kaggwa MM. Adherence to Typical Antipsychotics among Patients with Schizophrenia in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 2023:7035893. [PMID: 36778520 PMCID: PMC9918368 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7035893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been a recent transition from typical to atypical antipsychotics in managing schizophrenia. This has been attributed to the acute side effects experienced by patients on typical antipsychotics that lead to nonadherence. However, the treatment cost with typical antipsychotics is cheaper (preferred in low-income settings), and there is no difference in the effectiveness, efficacy, discontinuation rate, or side effect symptom burden with atypical antipsychotics. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of nonadherence and the associated factors to typical antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic at a rural tertiary facility in Uganda. Method A cross-sectional study among 135 patients with schizophrenia for at least six months on typical antipsychotics (mean age of 39.7 (±11.9) and 55.6% were female) from a rural tertiary facility in Uganda. Data were collected regarding sociodemographics, adherence, insight for psychosis, attitude towards typical antipsychotics, side effects, satisfaction with medications, and explanations from health workers about medications and side effects. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with nonadherence. Results The prevalence of nonadherence was 16.3%, and the likelihood of being nonadherent was more among the poor (monthly earning below the poverty line). However, having reduced energy was associated with reducing the likelihood of having nonadherence. Conclusion The prevalence of nonadherence was lower than many previously obtained prevalence and was comparable to nonadherence for atypical antipsychotics. However, to reduce nonadherence, we need all stakeholders (such as the government, insurance companies, and caregivers) to assist patients living in poverty with access to medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Kule
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
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Al Dameery K, Valsaraj BP, Qutishat M, Obeidat A, Alkhawaldeh A, Al Sabei S, Al Omari O, ALBashtawy M, Al Qadire M. Enhancing Medication Adherence Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: Mobile App Intervention Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231197269. [PMID: 37655277 PMCID: PMC10467252 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231197269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Technology has permeated every aspect of our existence and the mental health sector is not exempt from this. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the impact of using a mobile phone app (MyTherapy pill reminder and medication tracker) on medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective disorder. Methods Time series design was used. Fifty-one participants were recruited from tertiary hospitals in Oman. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale was used for assessing medication adherence. The data related to medication adherence were collected at baseline, 3 months later and 3 months after installing the program on participants' smartphones. SPSS data set used to analyze the data. Results A repeated-measures ANOVA found no significant change in the level of adherence among patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders at the start and 12 weeks later when the mobile app was installed (p = .371). However, adherence scores improved significantly 12 weeks after installation of mobile app compared with the same group at the baseline and 12 weeks before the installation of mobile app (p < .001). Conclusion The mobile phone app was effective in improving the adherence level among patients. Installation of the program and teaching patients how to use it to improve their level of adherence is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arwa Obeidat
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
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Zhu X, Li M, Liu P, Chang R, Wang Q, Liu J. A mobile health application-based strategy for enhancing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:472-480. [PMID: 33280669 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, Wenhua Xi Road #44, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ru Chang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street #1160, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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Cutler RL, der Linden NV, Charlie Benrimoj SI, Fernandez-Llimos F, Garcia-Cardenas V. An evidence-based model to consolidate medication adherence cost estimation: the medication adherence cost estimation framework. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:555-567. [PMID: 31116029 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2018-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a standardized framework determining the economic impact of medication nonadherence. Materials & methods: Secondary analysis of existing literature reported cost data, aggregating cost outcome indicators. Weighted-average cost analysis performed, determining the proportional contribution to total cost. Results: Direct costs were reported in 92% of studies and indirect costs in 4% of studies. Three most utilized cost categories were hospital (68%), primary care (18%) and pharmacy costs (72%). Average unadjusted direct costs ranged from $625 to $154,203 contributing to 88% of the total cost; adjusted medical costs ranged from $565 to $56,313 representing 96% of the total cost. Conclusion: The medication adherence cost estimation framework enables the comparison of costing studies, facilitating informed health policy decision-making based on consistent evidence and terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle L Cutler
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2007
| | - Naomi Van der Linden
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2000
| | | | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, 1649-003
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Zhou W, Xu Y, Lv Q, Sheng YH, Chen L, Li M, Shen L, Huai C, Yi Z, Cui D, Qin S. Genetic Association of Olanzapine Treatment Response in Han Chinese Schizophrenia Patients. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30886581 PMCID: PMC6409308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic medication, plays a critical role in current treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been observed that the olanzapine responses in schizophrenia treatment are different across individuals. However, prediction of this individual-specific olanzapine response requires in-depth knowledge of biomarkers of drug response. Here, we performed an integrative investigation on 238 Han Chinese SCZ patients to identify predictive biomarkers that were associated with the efficacy of olanzapine treatment. This study applied HaloPlex technology to sequence 143 genes from 79 Han Chinese SCZ patients. Our result suggested that there were 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant association with olanzapine response in Han Chinese SCZ patients. Using MassARRAY platform, we tested that if these 12 SNPs were also statistically significant in 159 other SCZ patients (independent cohort) and the combined 238 SCZ patients (composed of two tested cohorts). The result of this analysis showed that 2 SNPs were significantly associated with the olanzapine response in both independent cohorts (rs324026, P = 0.023; rs12610827, P = 0.043) and combined SCZ patient population (rs324026, adjust P = 0.014; rs12610827, adjust P = 0.012). Our study provides systematic analyses of genetic variants associated with olanzapine responses of Han Chinese SCZ patients. The discovery of these novel biomarkers of olanzapine-response will facilitate to advance future olanzapine treatment specific for Han Chinese SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Huai
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wubeshet YS, Mohammed OS, Desse TA. Prevalence and management practice of first generation antipsychotics induced side effects among schizophrenic patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, central Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30658604 PMCID: PMC6339381 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) are associated with a range of adverse events which can significantly reduce patients' quality of life and contribute to non-adherence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and management practice of first generation antipsychotics induced side effects among schizophrenic patients. METHODS The study was conducted at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from March to June, 2017. Data from patients were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Demographics and side effects of antipsychotics were collected by face to face interview. Clinical characteristics, medications and previous history of adverse drug events were extracted from medical records using data abstraction format. The data were analyzed using statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were done. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS Out of 356 participants, 300 of them had complete data and were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 33.71 ± 10.2 years. The majority, 195(65.0%), of participants were males. Most of the participants, 293(97.7%), developed FGA medication induced side effects. One hundred sixty three (54.3%) participants were treated with Trihexyphenidyl for FGAs induced side effects. Dose reduction of antipsychotics was done for 51(17.0%) participants. Most of the participants' side effects were not managed according to American Psychiatric Association guideline; 178 (82.4%). The most common types of FGAs induced side effects were cardiovascular side effects 169(56.3%); sedation and CNS side effects 149(49.6%); and extrapyramidal side effects 114(38.0%). There is a significant association between occurrence of side effects of FGAs and duration of illness (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of first generation antipsychotics induced side effects was high. However, management practice of the side effects was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirgalem Shewakena Wubeshet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Oumer Sada Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigestu Alemu Desse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Pennington M, McCrone P. Does Non-Adherence Increase Treatment Costs in Schizophrenia? PHARMACOECONOMICS 2018; 36:941-955. [PMID: 29700755 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-018-0652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication non-adherence is a serious barrier to treatment of schizophrenia. Understanding the impact of non-adherence on costs is essential to the assessment of the cost effectiveness of interventions in which adherence to treatment is a concern. OBJECTIVES We undertook a comprehensive review of the available literature on the impact on costs of non-adherence to antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a search on multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Health Management Information Consortium) for any study reporting the impact of adherence to antipsychotics on costs in patients with schizophrenia up to February 2018. We included trials of behavioural interventions but excluded comparisons of different pharmacological therapies. Studies were included if at least one-third of the study population had schizophrenia and costs were reported. RESULTS Thirty-four publications on 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported analyses of administrative databases, primarily Medicaid. Findings on healthcare costs were mixed but suggested that lower pharmacy costs in non-adherent patients may outweigh increased hospitalisation costs where drug costs are relatively high. A few studies published analysis of prospective cohort data, or trials of behavioural interventions intended to influence adherence, mainly in a European setting. Findings were again mixed but indicate that increasing adherence does not reduce overall costs. CONCLUSIONS Inference from analysis of administrative data is limited by the risk of selection bias. Inference from trials is limited by small sample sizes. The literature does not consistently support an assumption that non-adherence increases healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pennington
- King's Health Economics, PO24 David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Paul McCrone
- King's Health Economics, PO24 David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Mohr P, Galderisi S, Boyer P, Wasserman D, Arteel P, Ieven A, Karkkainen H, Pereira E, Guldemond N, Winkler P, Gaebel W. Value of schizophrenia treatment I: The patient journey. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 53:107-115. [PMID: 30036773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the European Brain Council project "The Value of Treatment" was to provide evidence-based, cost-effective policy recommendations for a patient-centered and sustainable coordinated care model for brain disorders. The first part of schizophrenia study examined the needs and gaps in the patients' care pathway. METHODS Descriptive analysis was based on an inventory of needs and treatment opportunities, using focus group sessions, expert interviews, users' input, and literature review. Three patient pathways were selected: indicated prevention, duration of untreated psychosis, and relapse prevention. RESULTS The analysis identified several critical barriers to optimal treatment. Available health care services often miss or delay detection of symptoms and diagnosis in at-risk individuals. There is a lack of illness awareness among patients, families, and the public; scarcity of information, training and education among primary care providers; stigmatizing beliefs. Early symptom recognition and timely intervention result in better outcome and prognosis; effective management leads to a functional recovery. In the current model of care, there is insufficient cooperation between health and social care providers, patients and families, inadequate utilization of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, lacking patient monitoring, and low implementation of integrated community care. CONCLUSIONS Early detection and early intervention programs, timely intervention, and relapse prevention are essential for effective management of schizophrenia. It requires a paradigm shift from symptom control, achieving and maintaining remission, to the emphasis on recovery. Since the current services are not able to accomplish this goal, changes in mental health policies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mohr
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Arteel
- Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks-Europe (GAMIAN Europe), Belgium
| | - Aagje Ieven
- European Federation of Associations of Families of People with Mental Illness (EUFAMI), Belgium
| | - Hilkka Karkkainen
- Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks-Europe (GAMIAN Europe), Belgium
| | - Eulalia Pereira
- European Federation of Associations of Families of People with Mental Illness (EUFAMI), Belgium
| | - Nick Guldemond
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- LVR-Klinikum, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Virgolesi M, Pucciarelli G, Colantoni AM, D'Andrea F, Di Donato B, Giorgi F, Landi L, Salustri E, Turci C, Proietti MG. The effectiveness of a nursing discharge programme to improve medication adherence and patient satisfaction in the psychiatric intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:4456-4466. [PMID: 28233457 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To observe the extent to which a nursing discharge plan is effective in promoting therapeutic adherence and improving patient satisfaction with their treatment based on information interventions provided by nursing staff, direct hospital medication distribution and follow-up telephone calls. BACKGROUND Patient adherence is a fundamental requirement for the treatment of chronic diseases. Among psychiatric patients, adherence to the prescribed course of treatment allows patients to keep the symptoms of their disease under control, allowing for improvements in the management of their condition, minimising the risks of relapse and reducing the number of hospitalisations. DESIGN This study uses a prospective correlational design. METHODS The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the Satisfaction with Information about Medicine Scale and the General Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. RESULTS Of the 135 patients enrolled in the study, 57% of the sample was female, and, on average, patients were aged 33 years. About 72.9% were unmarried, and 88.1% were educated at less than high school level. This study showed that patients who received more information on their health status and on what would be done for them after their hospitalisation had a higher adherence to treatment. In addition, patients who were more satisfied with the nursing care provided had a higher rate of adherence to their treatment plan. CONCLUSIONS The interpersonal and educational nursing intervention improves adherence to a treatment plan by allowing patients to express themselves not only as individuals who rely on health care but also as protagonists able to effectively manage their disease and to empower themselves by acquiring disease management skills. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE A patient-nurse communication programme could help to analyse the individual patient circumstances that might become barriers to adherence and to apply nursing interventions that promote better patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Virgolesi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pucciarelli
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Giorgi
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit, Albano Laziale Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Landi
- San Paolo Hospital, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Salustri
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Turci
- Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship, Rome, Italy
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Joe S, Lee JS. Association between non-compliance with psychiatric treatment and non-psychiatric service utilization and costs in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:444. [PMID: 27955645 PMCID: PMC5154112 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between medication non-compliance in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, and increased psychiatric service utilization and costs are well documented; however, non-psychiatric service utilization and costs are not. Therefore, we investigated the association of non-compliance with psychiatric treatment and the utilization and costs of non-psychiatric services. METHODS Data on South Korean individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia or a related disorder, who were treated in a psychiatric clinic at least twice during 2011, were selected among national data collected for the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patients Sample between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011. The sample was divided into two overlapping groups with two different classifications of patterns of medication prescription refills: (1) adherent versus non-adherent group, and (2) persistent versus non-persistent group. A matching method was used to remove the effects of different follow-up durations and insurance system on medical service utilization and costs. The final sample for analysis consisted of data from 5,548 individuals in the adherent versus non-adherent group and 3,912 in the persistent versus non-persistent group. Comparisons of the psychiatric and non-psychiatric service utilizations were made between the groups. RESULTS The number of psychiatric service utilizations were significantly lower in the non-adherent than the adherent group. They were also significantly lower in the non-persistent group than the persistent group. The number of non-psychiatric service utilizations was significantly higher in the non-adherent group. They were also significantly higher in the non-persistent group than the persistent group. All psychiatric costs per person during the study period were lower in the non-adherent than the adherent group, and lower in the non-persistent than the persistent group. All non-psychiatric costs per person were higher in the non-adherent than the adherent group, and higher in the non-persistent than the persistent group. CONCLUSION Non-adherence to psychiatric treatment by patients with schizophrenia and related disorders was associated with higher medical service utilization and increased personal and societal medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Joe
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyung, Kyungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, SongPa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Adherence to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Administered Subcutaneously and Associated Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2016; 21:419-25. [PMID: 26587852 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to biologic therapy is relatively poorly studied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because many of the studies have investigated the drug persistence, which represents only a surrogate of adherence. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the extent of adherence in RA patients with subcutaneously administered anti-tumor necrosis factor methotrexate agents and to identify the risk factors for nonadherence. METHODS A cohort of RA patients who started a subcutaneous anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment were enrolled. After 12 months of treatment, all patients completed the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale questionnaire. Associations between beliefs and nonadherence and the influence of demographic, clinical, and radiographic features were assessed using logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 209 (80.4%) of the 260 patients were included in the analyses. Forty-three of 209 patients were considered nonadherent to their medication (20.6%) according to the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. More than half (53.1%) of patients showed at least 1 form of nonadherent behavior.The logistic model showed that low disease activity (P = 0.003), higher patient-physician discordance ratings (P = 0.012), older age (P = 0.041), and a high number of comorbid conditions (P = 0.011) were significantly associated with increased likelihood of nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS The overall nonadherence with subcutaneous biologic therapy is relatively high among RA patients and should be taken into account when a patient's response to treatment is unsatisfactory.
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Colizzi M, Carra E, Fraietta S, Lally J, Quattrone D, Bonaccorso S, Mondelli V, Ajnakina O, Dazzan P, Trotta A, Sideli L, Kolliakou A, Gaughran F, Khondoker M, David AS, Murray RM, MacCabe JH, Di Forti M. Substance use, medication adherence and outcome one year following a first episode of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:311-7. [PMID: 26718334 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both substance use and poor medication adherence are associated with poor outcome in psychosis. To clarify the contributions of substance use and poor medication adherence to poor outcome in the year following a first episode of psychosis, 205 patients were evaluated for use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants at their psychosis onset, and in a 1-year follow-up. Data on medication adherence and symptom remission were also collected. Patients had high rates of overall substance use before (37-65%) and after psychosis onset (45-66%). 44% showed poor medication adherence and 55% did not reach remission from psychosis. Nicotine dependence and cannabis use after psychosis onset significantly predicted both poor medication adherence and non-remission, and poor medication adherence mediated the effects of these substances on non-remission. In conclusion, medication adherence lies on the causal pathway between nicotine dependence and cannabis on the one hand and non-remission on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Carra
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Fraietta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - John Lally
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Bonaccorso
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kolliakou
- National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Khondoker
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - James H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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15
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Cost-Effectiveness of Financial Incentives to Promote Adherence to Depot Antipsychotic Medication: Economic Evaluation of a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138816. [PMID: 26448540 PMCID: PMC4598185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Offering a modest financial incentive to people with psychosis can promote adherence to depot antipsychotic medication, but the cost-effectiveness of this approach has not been examined. Methods Economic evaluation within a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. 141 patients under the care of 73 teams (clusters) were randomised to intervention or control; 138 patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder or bipolar disorder participated. Intervention participants received £15 per depot injection over 12 months, additional to usual acute, mental and community primary health services. The control group received usual health services. Main outcome measures: incremental cost per 20% increase in adherence to depot antipsychotic medication; incremental cost of ‘good’ adherence (defined as taking at least 95% of the prescribed number of depot medications over the intervention period). Findings Economic and outcome data for baseline and 12-month follow-up were available for 117 participants. The adjusted difference in adherence between groups was 12.2% (73.4% control vs. 85.6% intervention); the adjusted costs difference was £598 (95% CI -£4 533, £5 730). The extra cost per patient to increase adherence to depot medications by 20% was £982 (95% CI -£8 020, £14 000). The extra cost per patient of achieving 'good' adherence was £2 950 (CI -£19 400, £27 800). Probability of cost-effectiveness exceeded 97.5% at willingness-to-pay values of £14 000 for a 20% increase in adherence and £27 800 for good adherence. Interpretation Offering a modest financial incentive to people with psychosis is cost-effective in promoting adherence to depot antipsychotic medication. Direct healthcare costs (including costs of the financial incentive) are unlikely to be increased by this intervention. Trial Registration ISRCTN.com 77769281
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16
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Le Clerc S, Taing L, Fond G, Meary A, Llorca PM, Blanc O, Beaune P, Rajagopal K, Jamain S, Tamouza R, Zagury JF, Leboyer M. A double amino-acid change in the HLA-A peptide-binding groove is associated with response to psychotropic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5. [PMID: 26218850 PMCID: PMC5068718 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice of an efficient psychotropic treatment for patients with schizophrenia is a key issue to improve prognosis and quality of life and to decrease the related burden and costs. As for other complex disorders, response to drugs in schizophrenia is highly heterogeneous and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this diversity are still poorly understood. In a carefully followed-up cohort of schizophrenic patients prospectively treated with risperidone or olanzapine, we used a specially designed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to perform a large-scale genomic analysis and identify genetic variants associated with response to psychotropic drugs. We found significant associations between response to treatment defined by the reduction in psychotic symptomatology 42 days after the beginning of treatment and SNPs located in the chromosome 6, which houses the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). After imputation of the conventional HLA class I and class II alleles, as well as the amino-acid variants, we observed a striking association between a better response to treatment and a double amino-acid variant at positions 62 and 66 of the peptide-binding groove of the HLA-A molecule. These results support the current notion that schizophrenia may have immune-inflammatory underpinnings and may contribute to pave the way for personalized treatments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Clerc
- Équipe EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - L Taing
- Équipe EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - G Fond
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - A Meary
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - P-M Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O Blanc
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Beaune
- INSERM, U775, Centre de recherches Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - K Rajagopal
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
| | - S Jamain
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - R Tamouza
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset (LabEx Transplantex) et INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - J-F Zagury
- Équipe EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France,Équipe EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F75003 Paris, France.
| | - M Leboyer
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, F94000 Créteil, France. E-mail:
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Abstract
This review considers pharmacogenetics of the so called 'second-generation' antipsychotics. Findings for polymorphisms replicating in more than one study are emphasized and compared and contrasted with larger-scale candidate gene studies and genome-wide association study analyses. Variants in three types of genes are discussed: pharmacokinetic genes associated with drug metabolism and disposition, pharmacodynamic genes encoding drug targets, and pharmacotypic genes impacting disease presentation and subtype. Among pharmacokinetic markers, CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype has clear clinical significance, as it impacts dosing considerations for aripiprazole, iloperidone and risperidone, and variants of the ABCB1 gene hold promise as biomarkers for dosing for olanzapine and clozapine. Among pharmacodynamic variants, the TaqIA1 allele of the DRD2 gene, the DRD3 (Ser9Gly) polymorphism, and the HTR2C -759C/T polymorphism have emerged as potential biomarkers for response and/or side effects. However, large-scale candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies indicate that pharmacotypic genes may ultimately prove to be the richest source of biomarkers for response and side effect profiles for second-generation antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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18
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Sayyah M, Boostani H, Ashrafpoori M, Pakseresht S. Effects of Atorvastatin on Negative Sign in Chronic Schizophrenia: a Double Blind Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:1269-74. [PMID: 26664396 PMCID: PMC4673957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin on negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. The study was a prospective, double-blind, 6-week trial. Forty patients participated in the study; 19 patients were assigned to the Atorvastatin group as well as 21 patients to the placebo group. For assessing negative signs, we used Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in weeks 1st, 3nd, 4th, and 6th. Moreover, patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups with Risperidone (6 mg/day) plus 20 mg Atorvastatin or with Risperidone (6 mg/day) plus placebo. Mean scores of Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) decreased during the treatment but there was no significant difference between the mean scores of two groups. The result of this trial suggested that Atorvastatin can be effective in reducing negative sign in schizophrenia although further studies seem to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sayyah
- Faculty member of Education Development Center (EDC), Psychiatrist, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ,
| | - Hatam Boostani
- Faculty member of Psychiatry Group, Psychiatrist, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mitra Ashrafpoori
- Resident of psychiatry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Siroos Pakseresht
- Faculty member of Education Development Center (EDC), Psychiatrist, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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19
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Haddad PM, Brain C, Scott J. Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2014; 5:43-62. [PMID: 25061342 PMCID: PMC4085309 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s42735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonadherence with medication occurs in all chronic medical disorders. It is a particular challenge in schizophrenia due to the illness's association with social isolation, stigma, and comorbid substance misuse, plus the effect of symptom domains on adherence, including positive and negative symptoms, lack of insight, depression, and cognitive impairment. Nonadherence lies on a spectrum, is often covert, and is underestimated by clinicians, but affects more than one third of patients with schizophrenia per annum. It increases the risk of relapse, rehospitalization, and self-harm, increases inpatient costs, and lowers quality of life. It results from multiple patient, clinician, illness, medication, and service factors, but a useful distinction is between intentional and unintentional nonadherence. There is no gold standard approach to the measurement of adherence as all methods have pros and cons. Interventions to improve adherence include psychoeducation and other psychosocial interventions, antipsychotic long-acting injections, electronic reminders, service-based interventions, and financial incentives. These overlap, all have some evidence of effectiveness, and the intervention adopted should be tailored to the individual. Psychosocial interventions that utilize combined approaches seem more effective than unidimensional approaches. There is increasing interest in electronic reminders and monitoring systems to enhance adherence, eg, Short Message Service text messaging and real-time medication monitoring linked to smart pill containers or an electronic ingestible event marker. Financial incentives to enhance antipsychotic adherence raise ethical issues, and their place in practice remains unclear. Simple pragmatic strategies to improve medication adherence include shared decision-making, regular assessment of adherence, simplification of the medication regimen, ensuring that treatment is effective and that side effects are managed, and promoting a positive therapeutic alliance and good communication between the clinician and patient. These elements remain essential for all patients, not least for the small minority where vulnerability and risk issue dictate that compulsory treatment is necessary to ensure adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Haddad
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Cecilia Brain
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nå Ut-teamet, Psychosis Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, London, UK
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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20
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Shame, perceived knowledge and satisfaction associated with mental health as predictors of attitude patterns towards help-seeking. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2014; 23:177-87. [PMID: 23866069 PMCID: PMC6998175 DOI: 10.1017/s204579601300036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. To examine stigma- and knowledge-related barriers to help-seeking among members of the general population. Methods. In a representative survey of young to middle-aged Swiss adults (n = 8875), shame about a potential own mental illness, perceived knowledge about and satisfaction with one's mental health, psychiatric symptoms and attitudes towards help-seeking were assessed. Results. A latent profile analysis of all participants yielded two groups with different attitudes towards help-seeking. Relative to the majority, a one-in-four subgroup endorsed more negative attitudes towards seeking professional help, including psychiatric medication, and was characterized by more shame, less perceived knowledge, higher satisfaction with their mental health, younger age, male gender and lower education. Among participants with high symptom levels (n = 855), a third subgroup was reluctant to seek help in their private environment and characterized by high symptoms as well as low satisfaction with their mental health. Conclusions. Shame as an emotional proxy of self-stigma as well as poor subjective mental health literacy may be independent barriers to help-seeking. Interventions to increase mental health service use could focus on both variables and on those individuals with more negative views about professional help, in the general public as well as among people with a current mental illness.
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21
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Patel A, McCrone P, Leese M, Amaddeo F, Tansella M, Kilian R, Angermeyer M, Kikkert M, Schene A, Knapp M. Cost-effectiveness of adherence therapy versus health education for people with schizophrenia: randomised controlled trial in four European countries. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2013; 11:12. [PMID: 23705862 PMCID: PMC3668244 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-adherence to anti-psychotics is common, expensive and affects recovery. We therefore examine the cost-effectiveness of adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia by multi-centre randomised trial in Amsterdam, London, Leipzig and Verona. Methods Participants received 8 sessions of adherence therapy or health education. We measured lost productivity and use of health/social care, criminal justice system and informal care at baseline and one year to estimate and compare mean total costs from health/social care and societal perspectives. Outcomes were the Short Form 36 (SF-36) mental component score (MCS) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained (SF-36 and EuroQoL 5 dimension (EQ5D)). Cost-effectiveness was examined for all cost and outcome combinations using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs). Results 409 participants were recruited. There were no cost or outcome differences between adherence therapy and health education. The probability of adherence therapy being cost-effective compared to health education was between 0.3 and 0.6 for the six cost-outcome combinations at the willingness to pay thresholds we examined. Conclusions Adherence therapy appears equivalent to health education. It is unclear whether it would have performed differently against a treatment as usual control, whether such an intervention can impact on quality of life in the short-term, or whether it is likely to be cost-effective in some sites but not others. Trial registration Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials
ISRCTN01816159
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Patel
- Centre for the Economics of Mental & Physical Health, PO 24, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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