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Hammad MA, Alyami MHF, Awed HS. The association between internet addiction and sleep quality among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Ann Med 2024; 56:2307502. [PMID: 38294763 PMCID: PMC10833109 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2307502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is one of the fundamental human needs, essential for maintaining a high quality of life and mental and physical well-being across all age groups. Poor sleep quality often stems from negative lifestyle habits, including excessive internet usage. Therefore, it is important to determine the prevalence of internet gaming disorder among youth in Saudi Arabia and to examine the relationship between internet addiction levels and sleep quality. METHODS Data were collected from 338 medical students in the southern region of Saudi Arabia (mean age = 21.2 years, standard deviation = 3.29 years). Participants completed an online questionnaire comprising the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis employed iterations, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and ANOVA. RESULTS The results revealed that 21% of the participants exhibited severe internet addiction, while 31% displayed moderate internet addiction. Furthermore, the findings indicated a positive correlation between sleep quality and the severity of internet addiction. Sleep quality symptoms explained 75% of the variance in Internet addiction scores, even after controlling for demographic variables. Additional bivariate analyses revealed that individuals who spent six or more hours online daily were more likely to experience symptoms of poor sleep quality and exhibit a higher severity of internet addiction. Additionally, Men were more susceptible to developing internet addiction compared to women. Moreover, students with internet addiction tended to have lower academic achievements. CONCLUSION These findings, while exploratory, offer valuable insights into potential interventions, strategies, and programs for mitigating internet addiction and enhancing sleep quality among medical college students.
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Relationship between Internet Addiction, Personality Factors, and Emotional Distress among Adolescents in Malaysia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121883. [PMID: 36553330 PMCID: PMC9776460 DOI: 10.3390/children9121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has significantly affected the mental health of adolescents, thus increasing the emotional distress among them. Studies have reported that heavy Internet use during COVID-19 was linked with poor mental health among adolescents. Additionally, it was found that personality factors are linked with mental health in general. Although past literature has reported the effect of personality factors on mental health, there are limited studies examining the underlying mechanisms among Malaysian adolescents. Therefore, the current study offers an understanding of the intervening role of personality factors in the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress among adolescents in Malaysia. This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and emotional distress (depression, stress, and anxiety) among adolescents in Malaysia. There are a total of 500 participants from 7 secondary schools who range from 13 to 19 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study, and 3 valid questionnaires were used: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Partial least square structure equation modelling (SmartPLS) was used to analyse the mediation models. The results showed that the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents was 29.6% and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents were 64.8%, 78%, and 51.4%, respectively. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed only emotional stability mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress, but not openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, or agreeableness. It is proposed that mental health providers should focus on providing emotion-related interventions to adolescents confronting COVID-19 challenges, ultimately improving mental health.
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Brasso C, Bellino S, Blua C, Bozzatello P, Rocca P. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Youth Mental Health: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:772. [PMID: 35453522 PMCID: PMC9031156 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical health, psychological wellbeing, and mental health of the whole population. Young people are among those most at risk of developing mental health symptoms or disorders related to the pandemic. PURPOSE the present narrative review is aimed at providing an updated overview of the current literature concerning the psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection but also of the COVID-19 outbreak, environmental restriction, and social distancing on mental health outcomes among the youth population aged between 15 and 25 years. METHODS in December 2021, an electronic search on this topic was performed on PubMed. Relevant publications from January 2020 until December 2021 were included. FINDINGS 53 cross-sectional studies, 26 longitudinal studies, 4 ecological studies, 1 qualitative study, and 1 systematic review were included. We found many methodological limitations in the studies included, especially poor choice of study samples and short follow-ups. Little literature was in support of a strong relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequences on youth mental health. On the contrary, many studies showed how extraordinary measures to limit the spread of the virus have impacted young people in terms of onset of new mental disorders and symptoms, suicidality, and access to emergency psychiatric services. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders show the greatest increase in incidence, especially in girls and young women. CONCLUSIONS it seems important to pay attention to the mental health of young people in relation to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies with more robust methodologies and longer follow-ups are needed to establish precise indications for targeted interventions in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.); (P.B.); (P.R.)
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Jung YH, Kim SY, Jang SI, Park EC, Shin J, Suh J. Association between the Perceived Household Financial Decline Due to COVID-19 and Smartphone Dependency among Korean Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3303. [PMID: 35328992 PMCID: PMC8951075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study identified the association between COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline and smartphone dependency among adolescents in South Korea. Data from the 2020 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Korea was used and 54,809 middle and high school students were included. COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline was categorized as no financial decline, mild, moderate, and severe. Smartphone dependency was calculated by 10 questions and was largely categorized as yes and no, and as normal, low, and high (prevalence rate: 25.0%). Binary and multinomial regression analyses were performed to analyze the association. The more severe the financial decline, the more pronounced the risk of high-risk smartphone dependency (mild financial decline: odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.96-1.28; moderate: OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43; severe: OR 2.56, 95% CI 2.06-3.17). Poor family relationships (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10) and severe social conflict (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.50-3.58) were also related to smartphone dependency. The ORs were 2.63 with more than three bathrooms and 1.63 with their own bedroom. Smartphone dependency among adolescents is closely related to COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline. As smartphone dependency relates to complicated psychological issues, further evaluation is necessary, especially for vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwa Jung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (E.-C.P.)
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (E.-C.P.)
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (E.-C.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (E.-C.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (E.-C.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lioupi C, Loumakou M, Sarafidou GO. Predictors of excessive internet use among adolescents in Greece after the economic recession: The role of psychopathology, parental rearing practices, self-efficacy and internet-related activities. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Bao Y, Cheng J, Chang X, Ran M, Sun Y, Kosten T, Strang J, Lu L, Shi J. Internet Addiction Increases in the General Population During COVID-19: Evidence From China. Am J Addict 2021; 30:389-397. [PMID: 33738888 PMCID: PMC8251395 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES COVID-19-related quarantine and stress have likely escalated the crisis of Internet addiction. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Internet use and related risk factors among the general public in China. METHODS A large-sample cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 24 to April 30, 2020, in China, and 20,472 participants completed the survey. We investigated the prevalence and severity of Internet addiction based on the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and explored the risk factors related to increases in time spent on Internet use and severity of Internet addiction, as well as severe Internet addiction. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 36.7% among the general population during the pandemic, and that of severe Internet addiction was 2.8%, according to IAT scores. Time spent on recreational Internet use had significantly increased during the pandemic, and almost half of participants reported increases in the severity of Internet addiction. Risk factors for increases in time spent on Internet use and severity of Internet addiction and severe Internet addiction included having fewer social supporters, perceiving pressure and impact on mental health status due to COVID-19, and being over-engaged in playing videogames. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted Internet use and increased the prevalence and severity of Internet addiction among the general population in China, especially in vulnerable populations. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence for policymakers to refine public health policies to control the pandemic and make efforts to provide population-specific prevention and interventions for people at risk of developing Internet addiction. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shi‐Qiu Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Lu Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiang‐Wen Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mao‐Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social AdministrationUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yan‐Kun Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina
| | - Thomas Kosten
- Division of Alcohol and Addiction PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - John Strang
- Department of AddictionInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina
| | - Jie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, National Institute on Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalBeijingChina
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Koronczai B, Kökönyei G, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. The Relationship Between Personality Traits, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Problematic Internet Use: A Complex Mediation Model. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11837. [PMID: 31025955 PMCID: PMC6658222 DOI: 10.2196/11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many empirical studies that demonstrate the associations between problematic internet use, psychopathological symptoms, and personality traits. However, complex models are scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to build and test a mediation model based on problematic internet use, psychopathological symptoms, and personality traits. METHODS Data were collected from a medical addiction center (43 internet addicts) and internet cafés (222 customers) in Beijing (mean age 22.45, SD 4.96 years; 239/265, 90.2% males). Path analysis was applied to test the mediation models using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Based on the preliminary analyses (correlations and linear regression), two different models were built. In the first model, low conscientiousness and depression had a direct significant influence on problematic internet use. The indirect effect of conscientiousness-via depression-was nonsignificant. Emotional stability only affected problematic internet use indirectly, via depressive symptoms. In the second model, low conscientiousness also had a direct influence on problematic internet use, whereas the indirect path via the Global Severity Index was again nonsignificant. Emotional stability impacted problematic internet use indirectly via the Global Severity Index, whereas it had no direct effect on it, as in the first model. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits (ie, conscientiousness as a protective factor and neuroticism as a risk factor) play a significant role in problematic internet use, both directly and indirectly (via distress level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Koronczai
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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