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Mortelmans T, Marty B, Kazazis D, Padeste C, Li X, Ekinci Y. Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Capillary Device for Rapid and Multiplexed Immunoassays in Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2455-2464. [PMID: 38687557 PMCID: PMC11129352 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate whole blood immunoassays using a microfluidic device optimized for conducting rapid and multiplexed fluorescence-linked immunoassays. The device is capable of handling whole blood samples without any preparatory treatment. The three-dimensional channels in poly(methyl methacrylate) are designed to passively load bodily fluids and, due to their linearly tapered profile, facilitate size-dependent immobilization of biofunctionalized particles. The channel geometry is optimized to allow for the unimpeded flow of cellular constituents such as red blood cells (RBCs). Additionally, to make the device easier to operate, the biofunctionalized particles are pretrapped in a first step, and the channel is dried under vacuum, after which it can be loaded with the biological sample. This novel approach and design eliminated the need for traditionally laborious steps such as filtering, incubation, and washing steps, thereby substantially simplifying the immunoassay procedures. Moreover, by leveraging the shallow device dimensions, we show that sample loading to read-out is possible within 5 min. Our results also show that the presence of RBCs does not compromise the sensitivity of the assays when compared to those performed in a pure buffer solution. This highlights the practical adaptability of the device for simple and rapid whole-blood assays. Lastly, we demonstrate the device's multiplexing capability by pretrapping particles of different sizes, each functionalized with a different antigen, thus enabling the performance of multiplexed on-chip whole-blood immunoassays, showcasing the device's versatility and effectiveness toward low-cost, simple, and multiplexed sensing of biomarkers and pathogens directly in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mortelmans
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Balz Marty
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kazazis
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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2
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Terzapulo X, Kassenova A, Bukasov R. Immunoassays: Analytical and Clinical Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives of SERS Detection in Comparison with Fluorescent Spectroscopic Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2080. [PMID: 38396756 PMCID: PMC10889711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays (IAs) with fluorescence-based detection are already well-established commercialized biosensing methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Immunoassays with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection have received significant attention from the research community for at least two decades, but so far they still lack a wide clinical commercial application. This review, unlike any other review that we have seen, performs a three-dimensional performance comparison of SERS IAs vs. fluorescence IAs. First, we compared the limit of detection (LOD) as a key performance parameter for 30 fluorescence and 30 SERS-based immunoassays reported in the literature. We also compared the clinical performances of a smaller number of available reports for SERS vs. fluorescence immunoassays (FIAs). We found that the median and geometric average LODs are about 1.5-2 orders of magnitude lower for SERS-based immunoassays in comparison to fluorescence-based immunoassays. For instance, the median LOD for SERS IA is 4.3 × 10-13 M, whereas for FIA, it is 1.5 × 10-11 M. However, there is no significant difference in average relative standard deviation (RSD)-both are about 5-6%. The analysis of sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy reported for a limited number of the published clinical studies with SERS IA and FIA demonstrates an advantage of SERS IA over FIA, at least in terms of the median value for all three of those parameters. We discussed common and specific challenges to the performances of both SERS IA and FIA, while proposing some solutions to mitigate those challenges for both techniques. These challenges include non-specific protein binding, non-specific interactions in the immunoassays, sometimes insufficient reproducibility, relatively long assay times, photobleaching, etc. Overall, this review may be useful for a large number of researchers who would like to use immunoassays, but particularly for those who would like to make improvements and move forward in both SERS-based IAs and fluorescence-based IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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3
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Dukic J, Ehlert U. Longitudinal Course of Sex Steroids From Pregnancy to Postpartum. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad108. [PMID: 37450580 PMCID: PMC10499333 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex steroids (SS) typically rise during pregnancy and decline after birth, but no consistent reference values exist for these hormonal courses. We aimed to establish an overview of SS secretion patterns during the peripartum and to better understand how SS contribute to maternal and fetal pathologies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Additionally, we conducted a supplementary manual search of references. Observational studies published in English and assessing estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone over the course of the peripartum in physically healthy female subjects were included, without restrictions on year of publication. Extracted data were analyzed descriptively and visually. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS SS increase progressively during pregnancy, with an extremely wide range of reported concentrations, especially in the third trimester. In fact, reported concentrations varied up to 5000-fold at comparable measurement time points. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive understanding of the influence of SS levels on associated maternal and fetal pathologies is currently hindered by 2 main factors. First, reported SS levels vary widely during the peripartum period. Second, the current state of knowledge on how SS are associated with pathologies in mothers and babies is largely based on correlational studies, and causality thus remains unclear. Consequently, we recommend the development of a systematic reference framework that follows the suggestions presented in this review. This would enable the establishment of SS reference values for a healthy population, resulting in the possibility to draw conclusions about deviations and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dukic
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Ghimire ML, Cox BD, Winn CA, Rockett TW, Schifano NP, Slagle HM, Gonzalez F, Bertino MF, Caputo GA, Reiner JE. Selective Detection and Characterization of Small Cysteine-Containing Peptides with Cluster-Modified Nanopore Sensing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17229-17241. [PMID: 36214366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that one can monitor ligand-induced structure fluctuations of individual thiolate-capped gold nanoclusters using resistive-pulse nanopore sensing. The magnitude of the fluctuations scales with the size of the capping ligand, and it was later shown one can observe ligand exchange in this nanopore setup. We expand on these results by exploring the different types of current fluctuations associated with peptide ligands attaching to tiopronin-capped gold nanoclusters. We show here that the fluctuations can be used to identify the attaching peptide through either the magnitude of the peptide-induced current jumps or the onset of high-frequency current fluctuations. Importantly, the peptide attachment process requires that the peptide contains a cysteine residue. This suggests that nanopore-based monitoring of peptide attachments with thiolate-capped clusters could provide a means for selective detection of cysteine-containing peptides. Finally, we demonstrate the cluster-based protocol with various peptide mixtures to show that one can identify more than one cysteine-containing peptide in a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav L Ghimire
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Bobby D Cox
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Cole A Winn
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Thomas W Rockett
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Nicholas P Schifano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Hannah M Slagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Frank Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Massimo F Bertino
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joseph E Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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5
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Shaban SM, Byeok Jo S, Hafez E, Ho Cho J, Kim DH. A comprehensive overview on alkaline phosphatase targeting and reporting assays. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS AU 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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7
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Xing X, Yao L, Yan C, Xu Z, Xu J, Liu G, Yao B, Chen W. Recent progress of personal glucose meters integrated methods in food safety hazards detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7413-7426. [PMID: 34047213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of personal glucose meters (PGMs) for blood glucose monitoring and management by the diabetic patients has been a long history since its first invention in 1968 and commercial application in 1975. The main reasons for its wide acceptance and popularity can be attributed mainly to the easy operation, test-to-result model, low cost, and small volume of sample required for blood glucose concentration test. During past decades, advances in analytical techniques have repurposed the use of PGMs into a general point-of-care testing platform for a variety of non-glucose targets, especially the food hazards. In this review, we summarized the recent published research using PGMs to detect the food safety hazards of mycotoxins, illegal additives, pathogen bacteria, and pesticide and veterinary drug residues detection with PGMs. The progress on PGM-based detection achieved in food safety have been carefully compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the current bottlenecks and challenges for practical applications of PGM for hazards detection in food safety have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuguang Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science, School of Life and Health, Anhui Science & Technology University, Fengyang, China.,Anhui Province Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science, School of Life and Health, Anhui Science & Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Bangben Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Stevens KG, Pukala TL. Conjugating immunoassays to mass spectrometry: Solutions to contemporary challenges in clinical diagnostics. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 132:116064. [PMID: 33046944 PMCID: PMC7539833 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Developments in immunoassays and mass spectrometry have independently influenced diagnostic technology. However, both techniques possess unique strengths and limitations, which define their ability to meet evolving requirements for faster, more affordable and more accurate clinical tests. In response, hybrid techniques, which combine the accessibility and ease-of-use of immunoassays with the sensitivity, high throughput and multiplexing capabilities of mass spectrometry are continually being explored. Developments in antibody conjugation methodology have expanded the role of these biomolecules to applications outside of conventional colorimetric assays and histology. Furthermore, the range of different mass spectrometry ionisation and analysis technologies has enabled its successful adaptation as a detection method for numerous clinically relevant immunological assays. Several recent examples of combined mass spectrometry-immunoassay techniques demonstrate the potential of these methods as improved diagnostic tests for several important human diseases. The present challenges are to continue technological advancements in mass spectrometry instrumentation and develop improved bioconjugation methods, which can overcome their existing limitations and demonstrate the clinical significance of these hybrid approaches.
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9
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Kvas M, Teixeira AG, Chiang B, Frampton JP. Aqueous two-phase system antibody confinement enables cost-effective analysis of protein analytes by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with minimal optical crosstalk. Analyst 2020; 145:5458-5465. [PMID: 32578585 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous two-phase system formed from polyethylene glycol and dextran was used to uniformly coat the bottom surfaces of the wells of standard 96-well assay plates with capture and detection antibodies to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this approach, limits of detection and linear dynamic range values comparable to those obtained for conventional sandwich ELISA were obtained using considerably lower antibody quantities due to the much lower reagent volumes required when antibodies are applied in a dextran solution beneath a polyethylene glycol overlay. Confinement of the antibody reagents to the bottom surfaces of the wells within the dextran phase also dramatically decreased the optical crosstalk present between neighboring wells when using transparent microplates. Adaptation of the conventional single sandwich ELISA for aqueous two-phase system antibody confinement was demonstrated by analysis of standard curves for C-reactive protein, transforming growth factor beta 1, and the chemokine CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Kvas
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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10
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Zhao D, Kong Y, Zhao S, Xing H. Engineering Functional DNA–Protein Conjugates for Biosensing, Biomedical, and Nanoassembly Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Minamiki T, Ichikawa Y, Kurita R. Systematic Investigation of Molecular Recognition Ability in FET-Based Chemical Sensors Functionalized with a Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayer System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15903-15910. [PMID: 32134238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring new strategies for simple and on-demand methods of manipulating the sensing ability of sensor devices functionalized with artificial receptors embedded in a molecular assembly is important to realizing high-throughput on-site sensing systems based on integrated and miniaturized devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs). Although FET-based chemical sensors can be used for rapid, quantitative, and simultaneous determination of various desired analytes, detectable targets in conventional FET sensors are currently restricted owing to the complicated processes used to prepare sensing materials. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the sensing features of FETs and the nanostructures of mixed self-assembled monolayers (mSAMs) for the detection of biomolecules. The FET devices were systematically functionalized using mixtures of benzenethiol derivatives (4-mercaptobenzoic acid and benzenethiol), which changed the nanostructure of the SAMs formed on gold sensing electrodes. The obtained cross-reactivity in the FETs modified with the mSAMs was derived from the multidimensional variations of the SAM characteristics. Our successful demonstration of continuous control of the molecular recognition ability in the FETs by applying the mSAM system could lead to the development of next-generation versatile analyzers, including chemical sensor arrays for the determination of multiple analytes anytime, anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Minamiki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichikawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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12
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Sensitivity and reproducibility improvements in a human plasma immunoassay with removal of clotting factors. Anal Biochem 2019; 585:113410. [PMID: 31473245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferences in human plasma immunoassay are severe challenge that affects the sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay. The clotting factor fibrinogen is a negatively charged protein and is one of the most common sources of interference in immunoassays, and its removal increases the sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we present a highly sensitive and reproducible method for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human plasma immunoassays. Protamine sulfate, a highly positively charged protein, was used to precipitate fibrinogen via ionic interaction to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of human plasma immunoassay. In a sandwich ELISA for PSA using plasma and protamine-treated plasma samples, the limit of detection was improved from 413 pg/mL in plasma to 235 pg/mL in protamine-treated plasma samples, and the coefficient of variation known as a measure of reproducibility was significantly lowered by protamine treatment. The use of protamine sulfate in human plasma immunoassays for detection of PSA using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors resulted in increased sensitivity and reproducibility by about 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, relative to when not using protamine sulfate. Based on these results, protamine sulfate was the best choice to increase the sensitivity and reproducibility in immunoassays using plasma samples.
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13
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Development of a microcolumn one-site immunometric assay for a protein biomarker: Analysis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1610:460558. [PMID: 31564560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A one-site immunometric assay based on affinity microcolumns was developed for the analysis of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as a model protein biomarker. In this assay, a sample containing AGP was incubated with an excess amount of a labeled binding agent, such as fluorescein-labeled anti-AGP antibodies or Fab fragments. The excess binding agent was removed by passing this mixture through a microcolumn that contained an immobilized form of AGP, while the signal was measured for the binding agent-AGP complex in the non-retained fraction. Theoretical and practical factors were both considered in selecting the concentration of labeled binding agent, the incubation time of this agent with the sample, and the application conditions for this mixture onto the microcolumn. The effects of using various labeling methods and intact antibodies vs Fab fragments were also considered. The final assay was performed with fluorescein-labeled anti-AGP antibodies and a 2.1 mm i.d. × 1.0 cm AGP microcolumn operated at 0.30 mL min-1. This method required only 1 µL of serum or plasma, had a detection limit of 0.63 nM AGP, and gave a potential throughput of 2 min per sample. This assay was used to measure AGP in normal serum and plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, giving good agreement with the literature and a reference method. The same approach and guidelines can be used to create assays for other protein biomarkers by changing the labeled binding agent and immobilized protein within the microcolumn.
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14
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Application of Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence to Immunoassays and Enzyme Assays. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101977. [PMID: 31121978 PMCID: PMC6571882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is one of the most sensitive separation tools among electrical separation methods. The use of CE-LIF in immunoassays and enzyme assays has gained a reputation in recent years for its high detection sensitivity, short analysis time, and accurate quantification. Immunoassays are bioassay platforms that rely on binding reactions between an antigen (analyte) and a specific antibody. Enzyme assays measure enzymatic activity through quantitative analysis of substrates and products by the reaction of enzymes in purified enzyme or cell systems. These two category analyses play an important role in the context of biopharmaceutical analysis, clinical therapy, drug discovery, and diagnosis analysis. This review discusses the expanding portfolio of immune and enzyme assays using CE-LIF and focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods over the ten years of existing technology since 2008.
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15
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Orientation Control of the Molecular Recognition Layer for Improved Sensitivity: a Review. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Cui X, Jin M, Du P, Chen G, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Wang J. Development of immunoassays for multi-residue detection of small molecule compounds. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1428284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Cui
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Minamiki T, Sasaki Y, Tokito S, Minami T. Label-Free Direct Electrical Detection of a Histidine-Rich Protein with Sub-Femtomolar Sensitivity using an Organic Field-Effect Transistor. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:472-475. [PMID: 28794937 PMCID: PMC5542759 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in achieving sensor systems to enable on-site testing of biomarkers. Herein, a new strategy for highly sensitive protein detection at sub-femtomolar levels without any labelling has been demonstrated by using an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). An artificial histidine-rich protein receptor (NiII-nitrilotriacetic acid complex, NiII-nta) functionalizes a detection portion (i.e. an extended-gate electrode) of the fabricated OFET device. The OFET responds electrically and selectively to a target analyte (bovine serum albumin), meaning that the binding processes at the NiII-nta on the extended-gate electrode for the analyte affect the field-effect properties of the device. Our results demonstrate that the combination of the OFET with the artificial receptor is an ideal approach for label-free and immune-free protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Minamiki
- Institute of Industrial ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo153–8505Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo153–8505Japan
- Research Center for Organic ElectronicsYamagata UniversityYamagata992–8510Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic ElectronicsYamagata UniversityYamagata992–8510Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo153–8505Japan
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Li YF, Sun YM, Beier RC, Lei HT, Gee S, Hammock BD, Wang H, Wang Z, Sun X, Shen YD, Yang JY, Xu ZL. Immunochemical techniques for multianalyte analysis of chemical residues in food and the environment: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Yuan Y, Wu W, Xu S, Liu B. A biosensor based on self-clickable AIEgen: a signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive immunoassays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5287-5290. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A signal amplified fluorogenic ELISA based on self-clickable fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgen) as a substrate was developed for ultrasensitive immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyong Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
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20
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Minamiki T, Minami T, Sasaki Y, Wakida SI, Kurita R, Niwa O, Tokito S. Label-Free Detection of Human Glycoprotein (CgA) Using an Extended-Gated Organic Transistor-Based Immunosensor. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122033. [PMID: 27916899 PMCID: PMC5191014 DOI: 10.3390/s16122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the fabrication of an extended-gated organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based immunosensor and its application in the detection of human chromogranin A (hCgA). The fabricated OFET device possesses an extended-gate electrode immobilized with an anti-CgA antibody. The titration results of hCgA showed that the electrical changes in the OFET characteristics corresponded to the glycoprotein recognition ability of the monoclonal antibody (anti-CgA). The observed sensitivity (detection limit: 0.11 µg/mL) and selectivity indicate that the OFET-based immunosensor can be potentially applied to the rapid detection of the glycoprotein concentration without any labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Minamiki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Wakida
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Osamu Niwa
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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21
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Sun J, Hu T, Xu X, Wang L, Yang X. A fluorescent ELISA based on the enzyme-triggered synthesis of poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16846-16850. [PMID: 27714143 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the ALP-triggered hydrolysis of the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate as well as the product ascorbate-controlled generation of polyT-CuNPs with bright red fluorescence, we have developed a novel, selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-on assay for ALP activity sensing. Based on the conventional ELISA platform and commercially available antibody-ALP conjugates, an unconventional fluorescent ELISA system has been rationally developed and successfully applied in the quantitative measurement of model antigen proteins using fluorescence spectroscopy and a naked-eye readout under ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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22
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Sun J, Hu T, Chen C, Zhao D, Yang F, Yang X. Fluorescence Immunoassay System via Enzyme-Enabled in Situ Synthesis of Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9789-9795. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chuanxia Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Minamiki T, Minami T, Sasaki Y, Kurita R, Niwa O, Wakida SI, Tokito S. An Organic Field-effect Transistor with an Extended-gate Electrode Capable of Detecting Human Immunoglobulin A. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:725-8. [PMID: 26165299 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on the development of an extended-gate type organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based immunosensor for the detection of human immunoglobulin A (IgA). The titration results of IgA exhibited shifts in the transfer characteristics of the OFET sensor device with increasing IgA concentration. A linear detection range from 0 to 10 μg/mL was realized with a detection limit of 2.1 μg/mL, indicating that the OFET-based immunosensor can be potentially applied to the monitoring of infectious diseases and psychological stress in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Minamiki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
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24
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Pfaunmiller EL, Anguizola JA, Milanuk ML, Carter N, Hage DS. Use of protein G microcolumns in chromatographic immunoassays: A comparison of competitive binding formats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:91-100. [PMID: 26777776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Affinity microcolumns containing protein G were used as general platforms for creating chromatographic-based competitive binding immunoassays. Human serum albumin (HSA) was used as a model target for this work and HSA tagged with a near infrared fluorescent dye was utilized as the label. The protein G microcolumns were evaluated for use in several assay formats, including both solution-based and column-based competitive binding immunoassays and simultaneous or sequential injection formats. All of these methods were characterized by using the same amounts of labeled HSA and anti-HSA antibodies per sample, as chosen for the analysis of a protein target in the low-to-mid ng/mL range. The results were used to compare these formats in terms of their response, precision, limit of detection, and analysis time. All these methods gave detection limits in the range of 8-19ng/mL and precisions ranging from ±5% to ±10% when using an injection flow rate of 0.10mL/min. The column-based sequential injection immunoassay provided the best limit of detection and the greatest change in response at low target concentrations, while the solution-based simultaneous injection method had the broadest linear and dynamic ranges. These results provided valuable guidelines that can be employed to develop and extend the use of protein G microcolumns and these competitive binding formats to other protein biomarkers or biological agents of clinical or pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitchell L Milanuk
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - NaTasha Carter
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - David S Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
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25
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SUEYOSHI K, MIYAHARA Y, ENDO T, HISAMOTO H. A Simple and Rapid Immunoassay Based on Microchip Electrophoresis Using a Reagent-Release Cartridge. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji SUEYOSHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yuta MIYAHARA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro ENDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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26
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Matsuda R, Rodriguez E, Suresh D, Hage DS. Chromatographic immunoassays: strategies and recent developments in the analysis of drugs and biological agents. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2947-66. [PMID: 26571109 PMCID: PMC4820777 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromatographic immunoassay is a technique in which an antibody or antibody-related agent is used as part of a chromatographic system for the isolation or measurement of a specific target. Various binding agents, detection methods, supports and assay formats have been developed for this group of methods, and applications have been reported that range from drugs, hormones and herbicides to peptides, proteins and bacteria. This review discusses the general principles and applications of chromatographic immunoassays, with an emphasis being given to methods and formats that have been developed for the analysis of drugs and biological agents. The relative advantages or limitations of each format are discussed. Recent developments and research in this field, as well as possible future directions, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Elliott Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Doddavenkatanna Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
- Home Department: Department of Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka 572103, India
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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27
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Ma Z, Liu N. Design of immunoprobes for electrochemical multiplexed tumor marker detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1075-83. [PMID: 26027743 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1052798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many approaches have been developed for simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers. Among these approaches, the electrochemical immunoassay has the advantage of high sensitivity and specificity and could be easily expanded into multiplex detection platform. For the simultaneous multianalyte electrochemical immunosensor, performance is closely related with the characteristics of the immunoprobes and substrate. In order to construct a multilabeled immunoprobe platform, the most important issue is how to discriminate each signal for each analyte from the multiple antigen-antibody reactions. Currently, enzyme-based, noble metal nanomaterials, carbonmaterials and polymer-based nanomaterial immunoprobes have been used for dual- or three-analyte detections. However, there are still some challenges in developing sensitive method to detect three or more tumor markers owing to the lack of redox-active species that can produce three or more distinctive peaks. Additionally, for the immunosensing substrate, good conductivity, high specific surface area and good biocompatibility are further necessities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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28
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Optimization of a Solid-Phase Extraction Method for the Determination of 12 Aminoglycosides in Water Samples Using LC–ESI–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Tang M, Wen G, Luo Y, Liang A, Jiang Z. A simple resonance Rayleigh scattering method for determination of trace CA125 using immuno-AuRu nanoalloy as probe via ultrasonic irradiation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:1032-1038. [PMID: 25173519 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AuRu nanoalloy (GR) with Au/Ru molar ratio of 32/1 was prepared by the sodium borohydride reduction method. It was used to label the CA125 antibody (Ab) to obtain an immunonanoprobe (GRAb) for cancer antigen 125 (CA125). In pH 7.0 citric acid-Na2HPO4 buffer solution and irradiation of ultrasound, the probes were aggregated nonspecifically to big clusters that showed a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 278 nm. Upon addition of CA125, GRAb reacted specifically with CA125 to form dispersive immunocomplexes of CA125-GRAb in the solution and this process enhanced by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, which led to the RRS intensity decreased greatly. The decreased RRS intensity was linear to the concentration of CA125 in the range of 1.3-80 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.6 U/mL. The proposed method was applied to detect CA125 in real sample, with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanghe Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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30
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A Label-Free Immunosensor for IgG Based on an Extended-Gate Type Organic Field Effect Transistor. MATERIALS 2014; 7:6843-6852. [PMID: 28788216 PMCID: PMC5456160 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel biosensor for immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection based on an extended-gate type organic field effect transistor (OFET) has been developed that possesses an anti-IgG antibody on its extended-gate electrode and can be operated below 3 V. The titration results from the target IgG in the presence of a bovine serum albumin interferent, clearly exhibiting a negative shift in the OFET transfer curve with increasing IgG concentration. This is presumed to be due an interaction between target IgG and the immobilized anti-IgG antibody on the extended-gate electrode. As a result, a linear range from 0 to 10 µg/mL was achieved with a relatively low detection limit of 0.62 µg/mL (=4 nM). We believe that these results open up opportunities for applying extended-gate-type OFETs to immunosensing.
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31
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Development of microcolumn-based one-site immunometric assays for protein biomarkers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:92-100. [PMID: 25263063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-site immunometric assays that utilize affinity microcolumns were developed and evaluated for the analysis of protein biomarkers. This approach used labeled antibodies that were monitored through on-line fluorescence or near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection. Human serum albumin (HSA) was utilized as a model target protein for this approach. In these assays, a fixed amount of labeled anti-HSA antibodies was mixed with samples or standards containing HSA, followed by the injection of this mixture onto an HSA microcolumn to remove excess antibodies and detect the non-retained labeled antibodies that were bound to HSA from the sample. The affinity microcolumns were 2.1mm i.d. ×5mm and contained 8-9nmol of immobilized HSA. These microcolumns were used from 0.10 to 1.0mL/min and gave results within 35s to 2.8min of sample injection. Limits of detection down to 0.10-0.28ng/mL (1.5-4.2pM) or 25-30pg/mL (0.38-0.45pM) were achieved when using fluorescein or a NIR fluorescent dye as the label, with an assay precision of ±0.1-4.2%. Several parameters were examined during the optimization of these assays, and general guidelines and procedures were developed for the extension of this approach for use with other types of affinity microcolumns and protein biomarkers.
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32
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Liu R, Wu P, Yang L, Hou X, Lv Y. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based immunoassay: a review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:373-393. [PMID: 24272753 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The last 10 years witnessed the emerging and growing up of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS)-based immunoassay. Its high sensitivity and multiplex potential have made ICPMS a revolutionary technique for bioanalyte quantification after element-tagged immunoassay. This review focuses on the major developments and the applications of ICPMS-based immunoassay, with emphasis on methodological innovations. The ICPMS-based immunoassay with elemental tags of metal ions, nanoparticles, and metal containing polymers was discussed in detail. The recent development of multiplex assay, mass cytometry, suspension array, and surface analysis demonstrated the versatility and great potential of this technique. ICPMS-based immunoassay has become one of the key methods in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P.R. China; Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions, College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P.R. China
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33
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Shen J, Li Y, Gu H, Xia F, Zuo X. Recent development of sandwich assay based on the nanobiotechnologies for proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, and ions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7631-77. [PMID: 25115973 DOI: 10.1021/cr300248x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juwen Shen
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
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34
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Moser AC, Willicott CW, Hage DS. Clinical applications of capillary electrophoresis based immunoassays. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:937-55. [PMID: 24132682 PMCID: PMC3975666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays have long been an important set of tools in clinical laboratories for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Over the last two decades, there has been growing interest in utilizing CE as a means for conducting immunoassays with clinical samples. The resulting method is known as a CE immunoassay. This approach makes use of the selective and strong binding of antibodies for their targets, as is employed in a traditional immunoassay, and combines this with the speed, efficiency, and small sample requirements of CE. This review discusses the variety of ways in which CE immunoassays have been employed with clinical samples. An overview of the formats and detection modes that have been employed in these applications is first presented. A more detailed discussion is then given on the type of clinical targets and samples that have been measured or studied by using CE immunoassays. Particular attention is given to the use of this method in the fields of endocrinology, pharmaceutical measurements, protein and peptide analysis, immunology, infectious disease detection, and oncology. Representative applications in each of these areas are described, with these examples involving work with both traditional and microanalytical CE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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35
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Tang B, Li M, Zhang X, Wang J, Xie P, Zhao Y, Wei Z. In Situ Detection of Liver Cancer Biomarkers with Atomic Force Microscopy at a Single-molecule Level. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- College of Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Peng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Prabhulkar S, de la Zerda A, Paranjape A, Awdeh RM. Single step nanoplasmonic immunoassay for the measurement of protein biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2013; 3:77-88. [PMID: 25587399 PMCID: PMC4263591 DOI: 10.3390/bios3010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A nanoplasmonic biosensor for highly-sensitive, single-step detection of protein biomarkers is presented. The principle is based on the utilization of the optical scattering properties of gold nanorods (GNRs) conjugated to bio-recognition molecules. The nanoplasmonic properties of the GNRs were utilized to detect proteins using near-infrared light interferometry. We show that the antibody-conjugated GNRs can specifically bind to our model analyte, Glucose Transporter-1 (Glut-1). The signal intensity of back-scattered light from the GNRs bound after incubation, correlated well to the Glut-1 concentration as per the calibration curve. The detection range using this nanoplasmonic immunoassay ranges from 10 ng/mL to 1 ug/mL for Glut-1. The minimal detectable concentration based on the lowest discernable concentration from zero is 10 ng/mL. This nanoplasmonic immunoassay can act as a simple, selective, sensitive strategy for effective disease diagnosis. It offers advantages such as wide detection range, increased speed of analysis (due to fewer incubation/washing steps), and no label development as compared to traditional immunoassay techniques. Our future goal is to incorporate this detection strategy onto a microfluidic platform to be used as a point-of-care diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Prabhulkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami-Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Amit Paranjape
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami-Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Richard M Awdeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami-Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (S.P.); (A.P.)
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Konstantinidis S, Kong S, Titchener-Hooker N. Identifying analytics for high throughput bioprocess development studies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1924-35. [PMID: 23334907 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, high throughput screening (HTS) studies have been increasingly employed as an integral element of bioprocess development activities. These studies are often limited by an analytical bottleneck; they generate multiple samples for analysis and the available analytical methods cannot always cope with the added analytical burden. A potential solution to this challenge is offered by the deployment of appropriate analytics. This article outlines features of analytical methods that affect their fit to high throughput (HT) applications. These are discussed for a range of analytics frequently used in bioprocess development studies of monoclonal antibodies. It then outlines how these features need to be considered in order to classify analytical methods in terms of their particular application in high throughput scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Konstantinidis
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Abstract
We report a novel microfluidic device use for sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay assay (ELISA). The related procedures including the introduction of reagents, dilution and distribution of samples, as well as immobilization of enzyme can be readily carried out on a poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip. Particularly, this microfluidic chip comprising of two distinct parallel units, and has an identical dimension as a conventional microtiter plate, which offers access to the directly quantitative detection by the microplate reader. Gradient-concentration reacting solutions at six different concentrations level generated by the microfluidic channel network are simultaneously transported to 24 reaction chambers to form enzymatic products. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP) and KH(2)PO(4) are used as enzyme-substrate-inhibitor model, to demonstrate the utility of the developed microchip-based enzyme inhibitor assay. Various conditions such as the surface treatment of chip channels, fluids velocities, substrate concentration, and buffer pH are investigated. The present microfluidic device for ELISA holds several advantages, for instance frugal usage of samples and reagents, less of operating time, favorably integrated configuration, ease of manipulation, and could be explored to a variety of high throughput drug screening.
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Gao X, Chen Z, Lin X. A novel immunosensor based on an alternate strategy of electrodeposition and self-assembly. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ho JAA, Jou AFJ, Wu LC, Hsu SL. Development of an immunopredictor for the evaluation of the risk of cardiovascular diseases based on the level of soluble P-selectin. Methods 2011; 56:223-9. [PMID: 22062957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its physiologic role in modulating adhesive interactions between blood cells and the endothelium during inflammatory processes or at injury sites, the adhesion molecule P-selectin is of great interest. The level of soluble P-selectin in plasma or serum can be detected and used as a clinical predictor for adverse cardiovascular events, leading to the presumption that it is secreted, shed or cleaved from the cell membrane during the process of diseases. Increased levels of soluble P-selectin in the plasma have been shown to be associated with a range of cardiovascular disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Therefore, it is of huge significance to develop simple, rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of such pathological predictors, not only for facilitating the surveillance of cardiovascular mortality/sudden cardiac death, but also for effectively monitoring the drug potency on platelets based on measurement of P-selectin performed on fixed blood samples following platelet stimulation in whole blood in a remote setting. We herein developed a simple, yet novel and sensitive electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of P-selectin; it operates through covalent linkage of anti-P-selectin antibody on CNT@GNB nanocomposites-modified disposable screen-printed electrode as the detection platform, with the potassium ferrocyanide-encapsulated, anti-P-selectin-tagged liposomal biolabels as the electrochemical signal probes. The immunorecognition of the sample P-selectin by the liposomal biolabels occurred on the surface of the electrodes; the release of potassium ferrocyanide from the bound liposomal biolabels extensively contributed to the increase in electrochemical signal, which was acquired in HCl solution at +0.32V in square wave voltammetry mode. The resulting sigmoidally shaped dose-response curves possessed a linear dynamic working range from 1×10(-13) to 1×10(-5)g/mL. This liposome-based electrochemical immunoassay provides an amplification approach for detecting P-selectin at trace levels, leading to a detection limit as low as 4.3fg (equivalent to 5μL of 0.85pg/mL solution). A commercially available ELISA kit was used as a reference method to validate the newly-developed assay through the analysis of mouse serum samples. A strong correlation was observed between the two data sets as the R-squared value of 0.997 from the linear regression line. This electrochemical immunosensor will be useful for the detection of P-selectin in biological fluids and tissue extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical and Nanobiomedicinal Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Teng Y, Zhang X, Fu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Jin L, Zhang W. Optimized ferrocene-functionalized ZnO nanorods for signal amplification in electrochemical immunoassay of Escherichia coli. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hayat A, Barthelmebs L, Sassolas A, Marty JL. An electrochemical immunosensor based on covalent immobilization of okadaic acid onto screen printed carbon electrode via diazotization-coupling reaction. Talanta 2011; 85:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tang J, Tang D, Li Q, Su B, Qiu B, Chen G. Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen with signal dual-amplification using glucose oxidase and an artificial catalase. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 697:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huang X, Ren J. Capillary Electrophoresis of Polyamines with Universal Indirect Chemiluminescence Detection, Using Cobalt (II) as a Probe Ion. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120017175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Huang
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , P. R. China
| | - Jicun Ren
- b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiaotong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai , 200240 , P. R. China
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Tajima N, Takai M, Ishihara K. Significance of Antibody Orientation Unraveled: Well-Oriented Antibodies Recorded High Binding Affinity. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1969-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1026786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Materials Engineering,
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering,
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Jiang W, Yuan R, Chai YQ, Yin B. Amperometric immunosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Prussian blue/nanogold-modified electrode for determination of α-fetoprotein. Anal Biochem 2010; 407:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arévalo FJ, Granero AM, Fernández H, Raba J, Zón MA. Citrinin (CIT) determination in rice samples using a micro fluidic electrochemical immunosensor. Talanta 2010; 83:966-73. [PMID: 21147345 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of an electrochemical immunosensor incorporated in a micro fluidic cell for quantification of citrinin (CIT) mycotoxin in rice samples is described for the first time. Both CIT present in rice samples and immobilized on a gold surface electrodeposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with a cysteamine self-assembled monolayer were allowed to compete for the monoclonal mouse anti-CIT IgG antibody (mAb-CIT) present in solution. Then, an excess of rabbit anti mouse IgG (H+L) labelled with the horseradish peroxidase (secAb-HRP) was added, which reacts with the mAb-CIT which is in the immuno-complex formed with the immobilized CIT on the electrode surface. The HPR, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) catalyzes the oxidation of catechol (H(2)Q) whose back electrochemical reduction was detected on a GC electrode at -0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl by amperometric measurements. The current measured is proportional to the enzymatic activity and inversely proportional to the amount of CIT present in the rice samples. This immunosensor for CIT showed a range of work between 0.5 and 50 ng mL(-1). The detection (LOD) and the quantification (LOQ) limits were 0.1 and 0.5 ng mL(-1), respectively. The coefficients of variation intra- and inter-assays were less than 6%. The electrochemical detection could be done within 2 min and the assay total time was 45 min. The immunosensor was provided to undertake at least 80 determinations for different samples with a minimum previous pre-treatment. Our electrochemical immunosensor showed a higher sensitivity and reduced analysis time compared to other analytical methods such as chromatographic methods. This methodology is fast, selective and very sensitive. Thus, the immunosensor showed to be a very useful tool to determine CIT in samples of cereals, mainly rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Javier Arévalo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No 3, (5800)-Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Zhu Y, Koh WCA, Shim YB. An Amperometric Immunosensor for IgG Based on Conducting Polymer and Carbon Nanotube-Linked Hydrazine Label. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Lv P, Min L, Yuan R, Chai Y, Chen S. A novel immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) protected prussian blue nanoparticles and double-layer nanometer-sized gold particles. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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