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Luță EA, Biță A, Moroșan A, Mihaiescu DE, Ghica M, Mihai DP, Olaru OT, Deculescu-Ioniță T, Duțu LE, Popescu ML, Costea L, Nitulescu GM, Lupuliasa D, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. The Influence of Phytosociological Cultivation and Fertilization on Polyphenolic Content of Menthae and Melissae folium and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties through In Vitro and In Silico Methods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2398. [PMID: 36145799 PMCID: PMC9504945 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since medicinal plants are widely used in treating various diseases, phytoconstituents enrichment strategies are of high interest for plant growers. First of all, we investigated the impact of phytosociological cultivation on polyphenolic content (total flavonoids-TFL, and total polyphenols-TPC) of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaves, using spectrophotometric methods. Secondly, the influence of chemical (NPK) and organic (BIO) fertilization on polyphenolic content and plant material quality was also assessed. Dry extracts were obtained from harvested leaves using hydroethanolic extraction solvents for further qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytoconstituents by FT-ICR MS and UHPLC-MS. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was determined in vitro using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Molecular docking simulations were employed to further evaluate the antioxidant potential of obtained extracts, predicting the interactions of identified phytochemicals with sirtuins. The concentration of polyphenols was higher in the plant material harvested from the phytosociological culture. Moreover, the use of BIO fertilizer led to the biosynthesis of a higher content of polyphenols. Higher amounts of phytochemicals, such as caffeic acid, were determined in extracts obtained from phytosociological crops. The antioxidant activity was dependent on polyphenols concentration, more potent inhibition values being observed for the extracts obtained from the phytosociological batches. Molecular docking studies and MM/PBSA calculations revealed that the obtained extracts have the potential to directly activate sirtuins 1, 5 and 6 through several polyphenolic compounds, such as rosmarinic acid, thus complementing the free radical scavenging activity with the potential stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. In conclusion, growing medicinal plants in phytosociological cultures treated with biofertilizers can have a positive impact on plant material quality, concentration in active constituents and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Biță
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenițescu”, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University of Politehnica, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenițescu”, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University of Politehnica, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Ghica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Deculescu-Ioniță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ligia Elena Duțu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Lidia Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Costea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Lee J, Kim MS, Kim HS, Choe YK, Cho SG, Goh EM, Kim J. Characterization of RDX and HMX explosive adduct ions using ESI FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 56:e4632. [PMID: 32767485 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of two common explosives such as cyclonite (RDX) and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) using a mass spectrometer with ultrahigh resolution and accuracy has not been comprehensively performed. Here, ultrahigh mass accuracy 15-T Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) spectra were utilized to comprehensively characterize the adduct ions of RDX and HMX. Two different ionization sources such as a conventional electrospray ionization (ESI) source and a chip-based static nano-ESI source were used to investigate the adduct ions of RDX and HMX. The ESI-MS analyses of two explosives in negative ion mode provide some adduct ions of RDX and HMX even without prior addition of their corresponding anions. A total of six types of adduct ion were characterized: [M + Cl]- , [M + HCOO]- , [M + NO2 ]- , [M + CH3 COO]- , [M + NO3 ]- , and [M + C3 H5 O3 ]- , where M is either RDX or HMX. The ultrahigh accuracy of the 15-T FT-ICR MS was utilized to distinguish two closely spaced peaks representing the monoisotopic [M + NO2 ]- and second isotopic [M + HCOO]- ions, thereby enabling the discovery of a [M + NO2 ]- adduct ion in the ESI analysis of RDX or HMX. [M + NO2 ]- and [M + CH3 COO]- adduct ions were only observed when using a static nano-ESI source. It is the first report explaining the discovery of [M + NO2 ]- adduct ion in the ESI-MS analyses of RDX and HMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongwon-Gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongwon-Gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoong-Kee Choe
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Soo Gyeong Cho
- Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mee Goh
- Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wu Z, Bagarolo GI, Thoröe-Boveleth S, Jankowski J. "Lipidomics": Mass spectrometric and chemometric analyses of lipids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:294-307. [PMID: 32553782 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous in the human organism and play essential roles as components of cell membranes and hormones, for energy storage or as mediators of cell signaling pathways. As crucial mediators of the human metabolism, lipids are also involved in metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and renal diseases, cancer and/or hepatological and neurological disorders. With rapidly growing evidence supporting the impact of lipids on both the genesis and progression of these diseases as well as patient wellbeing, the characterization of the human lipidome has gained high interest and importance in life sciences and clinical diagnostics within the last 15 years. This is mostly due to technically advanced molecular identification and quantification methods, mainly based on mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry has become one of the most powerful tools for the identification of lipids. New lipidic mediators or biomarkers of diseases can be analysed by state-of-the art mass spectrometry techniques supported by sophisticated bioinformatics and biostatistics. The lipidomic approach has developed dramatically in the realm of life sciences and clinical diagnostics due to the available mass spectrometric methods and in particular due to the adaptation of biostatistical methods in recent years. Therefore, the current knowledge of lipid extraction methods, mass-spectrometric approaches, biostatistical data analysis, including workflows for the interpretation of lipidomic high-throughput data, are reviewed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Ilaria Bagarolo
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Thoröe-Boveleth
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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An S, Liu S, Cao J, Lu S. Nitrogen-Activated Oxidation in Nitrogen Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Rapid Detection of Explosives Using Thermal Desorption DART-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2092-2100. [PMID: 31368004 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to analyze an array of explosives including nitro-based explosives, peroxide explosives, and energetic heterocyclic compounds with different DART discharge gases (helium, argon, and nitrogen). Profound analyte oxidation was observed for particular compounds (TNT (9) and 2, 4-DNT (10)), whose mass spectra were completely dominated by the oxidation products when nitrogen was substituted for helium in DART analysis. This interesting phenomenon suggested that a highly oxidative environment provided by N2 DART ion source. A possible mechanism involved in nitrogen DART was proposed which may help further understanding the different chemistry involved in the ionization process. This work also presents a thermal desorption DART (TD-DART) configuration that can enable rapid, specific analysis of explosives from swipes. The screening of swipes with three different compositions (fiberglass, Hybond N+ membrane, and filter paper) showed that fiberglass swipe has the best performance which was then used for the subsequent TD-DART analysis. A direct comparison of TD-DART with traditional DART demonstrated that TD-DART indeed gives better response than traditional DART (provided that the distance between the DART source and mass spectrometer is the same) and will have wider applications than traditional DART.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuQi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - ShiFang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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5
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Gaiffe G, Cole RB, Sonnette A, Floch N, Bridoux MC. Identification of Postblast Residues by DART-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Kendrick Mass Defect. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8093-8100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gaiffe
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Floch
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
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Almeida Assis AC, Caetano J, Florêncio MH, Cordeiro C. Triacetone triperoxide characterization by FT-ICR mass spectrometry: Uncovering multiple forensic evidence. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:37-45. [PMID: 31128407 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triacetone triperoxide is one of the most common used explosives by terrorist and criminal groups, being easily synthesized with over the counter reagents. Moreover, it's difficult to detect since it contains no nitrogen. Extreme resolution mass spectrometry, based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry provides a way to established its composition, being able to detect its presence in complex matrixes. In this work, we investigated the detailed chemical composition of triacetone triperoxide and analysed latent fingerprints for evidence of its handling. Our results allowed the characterization of the oligoperoxides formed in the synthesis of triacetone triperoxide: oligomers dihydroperoxy terminated [H(OOC(CH3)2)nOOH] and the oligomeric acetone carbonyl oxides terminated as hydroperoxides [H(O2C(CH3)2)nOOC(O)CH3]. The discrimination between the different synthetic routes using different acid catalysts is possible given the clear differences between the mass spectrum corresponding to each case. Moreover, we identified triacetone triperoxide in latent fingerprints following its manipulation. For criminal investigation, in addition to the unambiguous detection and identification of the explosive, it is of the highest interest to identify the reagents used, who produced it and who used it for criminal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Almeida Assis
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária, Portugal.
| | - José Caetano
- EOD
- CBRN Unit/Police Special Unit - Polícia de Segurança Pública, Portugal.
| | - Maria Helena Florêncio
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Gilbert-López B, Lara-Ortega FJ, Robles-Molina J, Brandt S, Schütz A, Moreno-González D, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Franzke J. Detection of multiclass explosives and related compounds in soil and water by liquid chromatography-dielectric barrier discharge ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4785-4796. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Paek J, Kim Y, Lee D, Kim J. MALDI-MS Analysis of Sucrose Using a Charcoal Matrix with Different Cationization Agents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Paek
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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Liu ZF, Xu B, Sun ZW, Sun YY, Zhou H, Zhu J, Xu JZ, Duan XK, Liu CC. Identification of Nitro Explosives by Direct Analysis in Real-Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1282503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Fang Liu
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Technical Department, ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Wen Sun
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-You Sun
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Duan
- Technical Department, ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Charles C. Liu
- Technical Department, ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing, China
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Zhao Q, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang X, Huang G, Xu W. Rapid screening of explosives in ambient environment by aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:1-6. [PMID: 27737506 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, direct, and trace detection of explosives in an open environment is of particular need in homeland and/or transportation security. In this work, an aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry method was developed for the direct quantitative analyses of explosives from a distance. Remote non-volatile explosive sensing was achieved for 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene, trinitrohexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine, 8701 (main ingredient: RDX 98.5%), and C4 (a type of plastic explosive) with a distance of 0.65 m. Furthermore, a close to 324 cm2 effective sampling area could be achieved, and the limits of detection are in the ng range. This device can be deployed in airports and subway stations for high-throughput and automatic luggage/personnel screening of prohibited articles, such as explosives and illicit drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Anyeep Instrumentation Company, Suzhou, 215129, China
| | - Guangyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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13
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McKenzie-Coe A, DeBord JD, Ridgeway M, Park M, Eiceman G, Fernandez-Lima F. Lifetimes and stabilities of familiar explosive molecular adduct complexes during ion mobility measurements. Analyst 2016; 140:5692-9. [PMID: 26153567 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) was utilized for the separation and identification of familiar explosives in complex mixtures. For the first time, molecular adduct complex lifetimes, relative stability, binding energies and candidate structures are reported for familiar explosives. Experimental and theoretical results showed that the adduct size and reactivity, complex binding energy and the explosive structure tailor the stability of the molecular adduct complex. The flexibility of TIMS to adapt the mobility separation as a function of the molecular adduct complex stability (i.e., short or long IMS experiments/low or high IMS resolution) permits targeted measurements of explosives in complex mixtures with high confidence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McKenzie-Coe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Kauppila TJ, Flink A, Pukkila J, Ketola RA. Analysis of nitrogen-based explosives with desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:467-475. [PMID: 26777676 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fast methods that allow the in situ analysis of explosives from a variety of surfaces are needed in crime scene investigations and home-land security. Here, the feasibility of the ambient mass spectrometry technique desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) in the analysis of the most common nitrogen-based explosives is studied. METHODS DAPPI and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) were compared in the direct analysis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrophenol (picric acid), octogen (HMX), cyclonite (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and nitroglycerin (NG). The effect of different additives in DAPPI dopant and in DESI spray solvent on the ionization efficiency was tested, as well as the suitability of DAPPI to detect explosives from a variety of surfaces. RESULTS The analytes showed ions only in negative ion mode. With negative DAPPI, TNT and picric acid formed deprotonated molecules with all dopant systems, while RDX, HMX, PETN and NG were ionized by adduct formation. The formation of adducts was enhanced by addition of chloroform, formic acid, acetic acid or nitric acid to the DAPPI dopant. DAPPI was more sensitive than DESI for TNT, while DESI was more sensitive for HMX and picric acid. CONCLUSIONS DAPPI could become an important method for the direct analysis of nitroaromatics from a variety of surfaces. For compounds that are thermally labile, or that have very low vapor pressure, however, DESI is better suited.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kauppila
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Flink
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Pukkila
- Crime Laboratory, National Bureau of Investigation, Vantaa, Finland
| | - R A Ketola
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Čapka L, Večeřa Z, Mikuška P, Šesták J, Kahle V, Bumbová A. A portable device for fast analysis of explosives in the environment. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee J, Park S, Cho SG, Goh EM, Lee S, Koh SS, Kim J. Analysis of explosives using corona discharge ionization combined with ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 120:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park S, Lee J, Cho SG, Goh EM, Lee S, Koh SS, Kim J. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Eight Common Chemical Explosives Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.12.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Postler J, Goulart MM, Matias C, Mauracher A, Ferreira da Silva F, Scheier P, Limão-Vieira P, Denifl S. Dissociative electron attachment to the nitroamine HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:744-752. [PMID: 23483516 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) measurements with gas phase HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, C4H8N8O8, have been performed by means of a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment. The most intense signals are observed at 46 and 176 u and assigned to NO2(-) and C3H6N5O4(-), respectively. Anion efficiency curves for 15 negatively charged fragments have been measured in the electron energy region from about 0-20 eV with an energy resolution of ~0.7 eV. Product anions are observed mainly in the low energy region, near 0 eV, arising from surprisingly complex reactions associated with multiple bond cleavages and structural and electronic rearrangement. The remarkable instability of HMX towards electron attachment with virtually zero kinetic energy reflects the highly explosive nature of this compound. Substantially different intensity ratios of resonances for common fragment anions allow distinguishing the nitroamines HMX and royal demolition explosive molecule (RDX) in negative ion mass spectrometry based on free electron capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Postler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstr. 25 / 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Hybrid preconcentrator/focuser module for determinations of explosive marker compounds with a micro-scale gas chromatograph. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Mäkinen M, Nousiainen M, Sillanpää M. Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra-traces of explosives: a review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:940-973. [PMID: 21294149 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in high accuracy and resolution from a minimal quantity of explosive without involving complicated sample preparation. The performance of the in-field analysis of extremely hazardous material has to be user-friendly and safe for operators. The two closely related ion spectrometric methods used in explosive analyses include mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The four requirements-speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and sampling-are fulfilled with both of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mäkinen
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
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21
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Flanigan PM, Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Determination of Inorganic Improvised Explosive Device Signatures Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Detection with Offline Classification. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7115-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2014299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - John J. Brady
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Judge
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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22
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Determination of emulsion explosives with Span-80 as emulsifier by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3521-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Hyphenated Methods. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10711-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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24
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25
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Garcia-Reyes JF, Harper JD, Salazar GA, Charipar NA, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Detection of Explosives and Related Compounds by Low-Temperature Plasma Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1084-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1029117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
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26
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Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Identification of explosives and explosive formulations using laser electrospray mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1659-1664. [PMID: 20486263 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass analysis is demonstrated for the detection of sub-microgram quantities of explosive samples on a metallic surface at atmospheric pressure using laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS). A non-resonant femtosecond duration laser pulse vaporizes native samples for subsequent electrospray ionization and transfer into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. LEMS was used to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 3,4,8,9,12,13-hexaoxa-1,6-diazabicyclo[4.4.4]tetradecane (HMTD), and 3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxacyclononane (TATP) deposited on a steel surface. LEMS was also used to directly analyze composite propellant materials containing an explosive to determine the molecular composition of the explosive pellets at atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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27
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Sanders NL, Kothari S, Huang G, Salazar G, Cooks RG. Detection of Explosives as Negative Ions Directly from Surfaces Using a Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5313-6. [PMID: 20496904 DOI: 10.1021/ac1008157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer Kothari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Gary Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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28
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Hur M, Yeo I, Park E, Kim YH, Yoo J, Kim E, No MH, Koh J, Kim S. Combination of Statistical Methods and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for More Comprehensive, Molecular-Level Interpretations of Petroleum Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 82:211-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manhoi Hur
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Injoon Yeo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongshin Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myoung-han No
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaesuk Koh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Mass Spectrometry Team, Ochang, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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29
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Optimized Automatic Noise Level Calculations for Broadband FT-ICR Mass Spectra of Petroleum Give More Reliable and Faster Peak Picking Results. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.11.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Kim S, Rodgers RP, Blakney GT, Hendrickson CL, Marshall AG. Automated electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry for petroleum analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:263-268. [PMID: 18990588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of petroleum samples at the molecular level by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) typically requires a prolonged accumulation of ions and/or summing up a large number of scans. Here, a chip-based micro-ESI system (Advion NanoMate, Ithaca, NY) has been successfully automated in combination with FT-ICR MS analysis of petroleum samples. A foil-sealed 96-well glass plate prevents solvent evaporation, with no visible loss of sample after 20 h of continuous operation. Mass spectra obtained from the same sample but taken from different wells after various time delays were very similar. Data from replicate samples in different wells could be combined to enhance mass spectral signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range. Furthermore, the automated data acquisition eliminates sample carryover, and produces heteroatom class distribution, double-bond equivalents (DBE), and carbon number very similar to those from the conventional (manual) micro-ESI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Korean Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang S, Yang C, Ouyang Z, Zhang X. Direct detection of explosives on solid surfaces by low temperature plasma desorption mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:176-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b816230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wong RL, Amster IJ. Experimental Evidence for Space-Charge Effects between Ions of the Same Mass-to-Charge in Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 265:99-105. [PMID: 19562102 PMCID: PMC2701712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It is often stated that ions of the same mass-to-charge do not induce space-charge frequency shifts among themselves in an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry measurement. Here, we demonstrate space-charge induced frequency shifts for ions of a single mass-to-charge. The monoisotopic atomic ion, Cs(+), was used for this study. The measured frequency is observed to decrease linearly with an increase in the number of ions, as has been reported previously for space-charge effects between ions of different mass-to-charge. The frequency shift between ions of the same m/z value are compared to that induced between ions of different m/z value, and is found to be 7.5 times smaller. Control experiments were performed to ensure that the observed space-charge effects are not artifacts of the measurement or of experimental design. The results can be rationalized by recognizing that the electric forces between ions in a magnetic field conform to the weak form of the Newton's third law, where the action and reaction forces do not cancel exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Jonathan Amster
- Address for correspondence: Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, Phone: (706) 542-2001,
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Tachon R, Pichon V, Le Borgne MB, Minet JJ. Use of porous graphitic carbon for the analysis of nitrate ester, nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives and by-products by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:174-81. [PMID: 17451723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new LC/MS method was developed for the analysis of sixteen different analytes including the most common organic explosives encountered in forensic investigations. The separation was achieved using a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column with a binary gradient elution. Molecular modeling suggested a possible interpretation for the elution order of explosive compounds on PGC. The introduction of ammonium formate in the mobile phase resulted in the formation of characteristic adduct ions thus enhancing the mass spectrometric detection of nitrate ester and nitramine compounds. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) were compared in terms of sensitivity. The final LC/APCI-MS method allowed easy identification of investigated compounds with limits of detection ranging from 0.04 to 1.06 ng/microl. The analysis of simulated forensic samples confirmed the performance of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tachon
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
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34
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Groom CA, Halasz A, Paquet L, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G, Hawari J. Detection of nitroaromatic and cyclic nitramine compounds by cyclodextrin assisted capillary electrophoresis quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1072:73-82. [PMID: 15881461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An Agilent 3DCE capillary electrophoresis system using sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SB-beta-CD)-ammonium acetate separation buffer pH 6.9 was coupled to a Bruker Esquire 3000+ quadrupole ion trap mass detector via a commercially available electrospray ionization interface with acetonitrile sheath flow. The CE-MS system was applied in negative ionization mode for the resolution and detection of nitroaromatic and polar cyclic or caged nitramine energetic materials including TNT [2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, formula mass (FW) 227.13], TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, FW 213.12), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, FW 222.26) HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, FW 296.16), and CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, FW 438.19). The CE-MS system conformed to the high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection (HPLC-UV) and HPLC-MS reference methods for the identification of energetic contaminants and their degradation products in soil and marine sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Groom
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Canada PQ H4P 2R2
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Mathis JA, McCord BR. The analysis of high explosives by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: multiplexed detection of negative ion adducts. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:99-104. [PMID: 15584084 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection of adducts of high explosives with chloride, formate, acetate, and nitrate was used to demonstrate the gas-phase interaction of neutral explosives with these anions. The relative intensities of the adduct species were determined to compare the competitive formation of the selected high explosives and anions. The relative stability of the adduct species varies, yielding preferential formation of certain anionic adducts with different high explosives. To exploit this effect, an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ESI-MS method was developed and used for the simultaneous analysis of high explosives using two different techniques for the addition of the anionic additives; pre- and post-column. The results show that the pre-column approach provides similar results with improved selectivity for specific explosives. By detecting characteristic adduct species for each explosive, this method provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for the analysis and identification of high explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Mathis
- Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Nambayah M, Quickenden TI. A quantitative assessment of chemical techniques for detecting traces of explosives at counter-terrorist portals. Talanta 2004; 63:461-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Gross JH. Hyphenated Methods. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36756-x_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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38
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Gross JH. Instrumentation. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36756-x_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gapeev A, Sigman M, Yinon J. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of explosives: RDX adduct ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:943-948. [PMID: 12717767 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), attachment of an anion to the analyte molecule is the major way of producing characteristic ions under electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) conditions. The formation of RDX cluster ions in LC/MS and the origin of the clustering agents have been studied. In order to determine whether the clustering anions originate from self-decomposition of RDX in the source or from impurities in the mobile phase, isotopically labeled RDX ((13)C(3)-RDX and (15)N(6)-RDX) and isotopically labeled glycolic acid, acetic acid, ammonium formate and formaldehyde have been used in order to establish the composition and formation route of RDX adduct ions produced in ESI and APCI sources. The results showed that, in ESI, self-decomposition of RDX plays no role in adduct ion formation; rather, RDX clusters with formate, acetate, hydroxyacetate, and chloride anions present in the mobile phase as impurities at ppm levels. In APCI, part of the RDX molecules decompose yielding NO(2) (-) species which in turn cluster with a second RDX molecule producing abundant [M+NO(2)](-) cluster ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gapeev
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, PO Box 162367, Orlando, FL 32816-2367, USA
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