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Kulikova T, Shiabiev I, Padnya P, Rogov A, Evtugyn G, Stoikov I, Porfireva A. Impedimetric DNA Sensor Based on Electropolymerized N-Phenylaminophenothiazine and Thiacalix[4]arene Tetraacids for Doxorubicin Determination. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050513. [PMID: 37232875 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA sensors are highly demanded for fast and reliable determination of antitumor drugs and chemotherapy monitoring. In this work, an impedimetric DNA sensor has been developed on the base of a phenylamino derivative of phenothiazine (PhTz). A glassy carbon electrode was covered with electrodeposited product of PhTz oxidation obtained through multiple scans of the potential. The addition of thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing four terminal carboxylic groups in the substituents of the lower rim improved the conditions of electropolymerization and affected the performance of the electrochemical sensor depending on the configuration of the macrocyclic core and molar ratio with PhTz molecules in the reaction medium. Following that, the deposition of DNA by physical adsorption was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The redox properties of the surface layer obtained changed the electron transfer resistance in the presence of doxorubicin due to its intercalating DNA helix and influencing charge distribution on the electrode interface. This made it possible to determine 3 pM-1 nM doxorubicin in 20 min incubation (limit of detection 1.0 pM). The DNA sensor developed was tested on a bovine serum protein solution, Ringer-Locke's solution mimicking plasma electrolytes and commercial medication (doxorubicin-LANS) and showed a satisfactory recovery rate of 90-105%. The sensor could find applications in pharmacy and medical diagnostics for the assessment of drugs able to specifically bind to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kulikova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Shiabiev
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Rogov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Mohammadi SZ, Mousazadeh F, Tajik S. Simultaneous Determination of Doxorubicin and Dasatinib by using Screen-Printed Electrode/Ni–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Zia Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 00000, Iran
| | - Farideh Mousazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 00000, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 76169-13555, Kerman 00000, Iran
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Mehmandoust M, Khoshnavaz Y, Karimi F, Çakar S, Özacar M, Erk N. A novel 2-dimensional nanocomposite as a mediator for the determination of doxorubicin in biological samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113590. [PMID: 35690088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In our study, the electrochemical properties of a novel activated nanocomposite were studied with 2-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride/sodium dodecyl sulfate/graphene nanoplatelets on the screen-printed electrodes (2D-g-C3N4/SDS/GNPs/SPE). The as-fabricated sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, including wide dynamic ranges from 0.03 to 1.0 and 1.0-13.5 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10.0 nM. The fabricated 2D-g-C3N4/SDS/GNPs/SPE electrode exhibited high sensitivity, stability, good reproducibility, reusability, and repeatability towards DOX sensing. It can be utilized in real samples, including human plasma and urine, with excellent correlations and coefficients of variation below 6.0%. Therefore, this study presents potential application values in sensing DOX with efficient performance. Finally, the accuracy was attested by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the reference method, signalizing a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehmandoust
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, And Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Yasamin Khoshnavaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Soner Çakar
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Science and Arts Faculty, Chemistry Department, Zonguldak, 67100, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, And Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Özacar
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Chemistry, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, And Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, And Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
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4
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Amin N, Afkhami A, Hosseinzadeh L, Amin A, Madrakian T. Flexible electrospun nanofibrous film integrated with fluorescent carbon dots for smartphone-based detection and cellular imaging application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119944. [PMID: 34020381 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dose of administered chemotherapy drugs is crucial to determine due to the potential for efficient or adverse outcomes for cancer patients. To date, no user-friendly and low-cost method of doxorubicin (DOX) detection using nontoxic and biodegradable materials has been reported. For this reason, in this work, we have developed for the first time a nanofiber-based sensing platform for sensitive and on-site DOX assay in just 10 min. This is obtained thanks to printable, porosity and embeddability features of electrospun nanofibrous films (ENFFs) combined with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NS-CDs) as sensing probes. The assay was done by just pipetting analyte on the hydrophilic spots of the fabricated photoluminescence water-stable ENFFs where the color intensity was being darkened. DOX quenched NS-CDs fluorescence onto ENFFs through inner filter effect. The developed sensor was either coupled with smartphone technology to provide miniaturized, portable and easy-to-use device or an ordinary spectrofluorimeter for solid-state sensing applications (detection limit of 5.4 nM). Moreover, applicability of the designed sensor was evaluated in human serum with satisfactory recoveries. It is more interesting that the fabricated NS-CDs/ENF scaffolds have a high potential to detect the intracellular DOX to enhance cell proliferation leading to be considered as a multimodal tool in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Amin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; D-8 International University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Inistitute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Amin
- Nakh Shimi Azar Knowledge Based-Company, Tehran, Iran
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Ghanbari MH, Norouzi Z. A new nanostructure consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoonions for an electrochemical sensor to the determination of doxorubicin. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Choi WG, Kim DK, Shin Y, Park R, Cho YY, Lee JY, Kang HC, Lee HS. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Doxorubicin and its Metabolites Doxorubicinol, Doxorubicinone, Doxorubicinolone, and 7-Deoxydoxorubicinone in Mouse Plasma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051254. [PMID: 32164308 PMCID: PMC7179444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, acts as a cancer treatment by interfering with the function of DNA. Herein, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was for the first time developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and its major metabolites doxorubicinol, doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The liquid–liquid extraction of a 10 μL mouse plasma sample with chloroform:methanol (4:1, v/v) and use of the selected reaction monitoring mode led to less matrix effect and better sensitivity. The lower limits of quantification levels were 0.5 ng/mL for doxorubicin, 0.1 ng/mL for doxorubicinol, and 0.01 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone. The standard curves were linear over the range of 0.5–200 ng/mL for doxorubicin; 0.1–200 ng/mL for doxorubicinol; and 0.01–50 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The intra and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative errors for doxorubicin and its four metabolites at four quality control concentrations were 0.9–13.6% and –13.0% to 14.9%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin and its metabolites after intravenous administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg to female BALB/c nude mice.
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7
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Application of bioactive cyclic oligosaccharide on the detection of doxorubicin hydrochloride in unprocessed human plasma sample: A new platform towards efficient chemotherapy. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Electrochemical sensing of doxorubicin in unprocessed whole blood, cell lysate, and human plasma samples using thin film of poly-arginine modified glassy carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Weaver MT, Lynch KB, Zhu Z, Chen H, Lu JJ, Pu Q, Liu S. Confocal laser-induced fluorescence detector for narrow capillary system with yoctomole limit of detection. Talanta 2016; 165:240-244. [PMID: 28153248 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detectors for low-micrometer and sub-micrometer capillary on-column detection are not commercially available. In this paper, we describe in details how to construct a confocal LIF detector to address this issue. We characterize the detector by determining its limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range (LDR) and background signal drift; a very low LOD (~70 fluorescein molecules or 12 yoctomole fluorescein), a wide LDR (greater than 3 orders of magnitude) and a small background signal drift (~1.2-fold of the root mean square noise) are obtained. For detecting analytes inside a low-micrometer and sub-micrometer capillary, proper alignment is essential. We present a simple protocol to align the capillary with the optical system and use the position-lock capability of a translation stage to fix the capillary in position during the experiment. To demonstrate the feasibility of using this detector for narrow capillary systems, we build a 2-μm-i.d. capillary flow injection analysis (FIA) system using the newly developed LIF prototype as a detector and obtain an FIA LOD of 14 zeptomole fluorescein. We also separate a DNA ladder sample by bare narrow capillary - hydrodynamic chromatography and use the LIF prototype to monitor the resolved DNA fragments. We obtain not only well-resolved peaks but also the quantitative information of all DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Weaver
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Kyle B Lynch
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Zaifang Zhu
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Huang Chen
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Joann J Lu
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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10
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A new kinetic–mechanistic approach to elucidate electrooxidation of doxorubicin hydrochloride in unprocessed human fluids using magnetic graphene based nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:638-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Haghshenas E, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Electrochemically oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube/glassy carbon electrode as a probe for simultaneous determination of dopamine and doxorubicin in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Fang XX, Li HY, Fang P, Pan JZ, Fang Q. A handheld laser-induced fluorescence detector for multiple applications. Talanta 2015; 150:135-41. [PMID: 26838391 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a compact handheld laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector based on a 450 nm laser diode and quasi-confocal optical configuration with a total size of 9.1 × 6.2 × 4.1 cm(3). Since there are few reports on the use of 450 nm laser diode in LIF detection, especially in miniaturized LIF detector, we systematically investigated various optical arrangements suitable for the requirements of 450 nm laser diode and system miniaturization, including focusing lens, filter combination, and pinhole, as well as Raman effect of water at 450 nm excitation wavelength. As the result, the handheld LIF detector integrates the light source (450 nm laser diode), optical circuit module (including a 450 nm band-pass filter, a dichroic mirror, a collimating lens, a 525 nm band-pass filter, and a 1.0mm aperture), optical detector (miniaturized photomultiplier tube), as well as electronic module (including signal recording, processing and displaying units). This detector is capable of working independently with a cost of ca. $2000 for the whole instrument. The detection limit of the instrument for sodium fluorescein solution is 0.42 nM (S/N=3). The broad applicability of the present system was demonstrated in capillary electrophoresis separation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled amino acids and in flow cytometry of tumor cells as an on-line LIF detector, as well as in droplet array chip analysis as a LIF scanner. We expect such a compact LIF detector could be applied in flow analysis systems as an on-line detector, and in field analysis and biosensor analysis as a portable universal LIF detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Pan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Gautier J, Munnier E, Soucé M, Chourpa I, Douziech Eyrolles L. Analysis of doxorubicin distribution in MCF-7 cells treated with drug-loaded nanoparticles by combination of two fluorescence-based techniques, confocal spectral imaging and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3425-35. [PMID: 25749791 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular distribution of the antiancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was followed qualitatively by fluorescence confocal spectral imaging (FCSI) and quantitatively by capillary electrophoresis (CE). FCSI permits the localization of the major fluorescent species in cell compartments, with spectral shifts indicating the polarity of the respective environment. However, distinction between drug and metabolites by FCSI is difficult due to their similar fluorochromes, and direct quantification of their fluorescence is complicated by quantum yield variation between different subcellular environments. On the other hand, capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is a quantitative method capable of separating doxorubicin and its metabolites. In this paper, we propose a method for determining drug and metabolite concentration in enriched nuclear and cytosolic fractions of cancer cells by CE-LIF, and we compare these data with those of FCSI. Significant differences in the subcellular distribution of DOX are observed between the drug administered as a molecular solution or as a suspension of drug-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol. Comparative analysis of the CE-LIF vs FCSI data may lead to a tentative calibration of this latter method in terms of DOX fluorescence quantum yields in the nucleus and more or less polar regions of the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Gautier
- Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, EA6295 "Nanomedicaments et Nanosondes", 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
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14
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Domínguez-Vega E, Pérez-Fernández V, Crego AL, García MÁ, Marina ML. Recent advances in CE analysis of antibiotics and its use as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:28-49. [PMID: 24395661 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are a class of therapeutic molecules widely employed in both human and veterinary medicine. This article reviews the most recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE in pharmaceutical, environmental, food, and biomedical fields. Emphasis is placed on the strategies to increase sensitivity as diverse off-line, in-line, and on-line preconcentration approaches and the use of different detection systems. The use of CE in the microchip format for the analysis of antibiotics is also reviewed in this article. Moreover, since the use of antibiotics as chiral selectors in CE has grown in the last years, a new section devoted to this aspect has been included. This review constitutes an update of previous published reviews and covers the literature published from June 2011 until June 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Department of Biomolecular Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Vajdle O, Zbiljić J, Tasić B, Jović D, Guzsvány V, Djordjevic A. Voltammetric behavior of doxorubicin at a renewable silver-amalgam film electrode and its determination in human urine. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Ali I, Haque A, Wani WA, Saleem K, Al Za'abi M. Analyses of anticancer drugs by capillary electrophoresis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1296-311. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi; 110025; India
| | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi; 110025; India
| | - Waseem A. Wani
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi; 110025; India
| | - Kishwar Saleem
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi; 110025; India
| | - Mohammed Al Za'abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat; Sultanate of Oman
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17
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Zhu Y, Chen N, Li Q, Fang Q. Improving the sensitivity of confocal laser induced fluorescence detection to the sub-picomolar scale for round capillaries by laterally shifting the laser focus point. Analyst 2013; 138:4642-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Xu J, Liu Y, Yu Y, Ni Q, Chen Y. Subcellular Quantification of Doxorubicin and Its Metabolite in Cultured Human Leukemia Cells Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.680056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Monitoring the subcellular localization of doxorubicin in CHO-K1 using MEKC−LIF: Liposomal carrier for enhanced drug delivery. Talanta 2012; 99:683-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Shuang S, Dong C. Electrochemical Sensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Doxorubicin and Methotrexate Based on Cyclodextrin-Graphene Hybrid Nanosheets. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Wang Y, Katzenmeyer JB, Arriaga EA. Combination of micellar electrokinetic and high-performance liquid chromatographies to assess age-related changes in the in vitro metabolism of Fischer 344 rat liver. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:935-43. [PMID: 21746738 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of doxorubicin, a widely used anticancer drug, is different in young adult and old cancer patients. In this study, we demonstrate that micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection is highly suited to monitor the metabolism of doxorubicin in subcellular fractions isolated from young adult (11 months, 100% survival rate) and old (26 months, ~25% survival rate) Fischer 344 rat livers. The relative amounts of doxorubicin metabolized in both mitochondria-enriched and postmitochondria fractions of young adult were larger than the respective fractions of old rat liver. 7-Deoxydoxorubicinolone and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone were identified using internal standard addition and structural elucidation by high-performance liquid chromatography with combined laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection. Although high-performance liquid chromatography with combined laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection is more useful in the identification of compounds, micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection has low-sample requirements, simplified sample processing procedures, short analysis times and low limit of detection. Therefore, the combination of these two techniques provides a powerful approach to investigate metabolism of fluorescent drugs in aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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23
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Katzenmeyer JB, Eddy CV, Arriaga EA. Tandem laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the in vitro metabolism of doxorubicin. Anal Chem 2011; 82:8113-20. [PMID: 20825163 DOI: 10.1021/ac1011415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural characterization, identification, and quantification of xenobiotics and their metabolic products commonly require the use of at least two different techniques. This has been the case in the analysis of metabolic products of doxorubicin, a widely used fluorescent anthracycline for the treatment of tumors and leukemia. In this work, we combine high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a tandem laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection scheme for the characterization of doxorubicin and its metabolites produced in the postmitochondrial fraction prepared from Fischer 344 rat liver. LIF detection allowed quantification of the metabolic compounds while MS detection aided in the identification of the metabolites. Using this HPLC-LIF-MS methodology, the disappearance of doxorubicin and the appearance of 7-deoxydoxorubicinone and 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone were monitored over the course of 40 min. This application demonstrates the potential of the tandem LIF-MS detection scheme in quantification and characterization of biotransformations of fluorescent xenobiotics of biomedical and environmental relevance. Furthermore, this detection scheme would be particularly relevant in the analysis of fluorescent analytes in complex samples and in validation of methods for the analysis of such samples that typically rely only on LIF detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Katzenmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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24
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Bioanalytical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:1641-53. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we describe recent developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with laser-induced native fluorescence (LINF) detection in the analysis of biological, pharmaceutical and environmental samples. Compared with traditional UV absorbance detection used in CE, the LINF technique can greatly improve the concentration sensitivity of CE without the need for derivatization; the only requirement being that the analyte must have native fluorescence. Instrumentation and laser sources used in CE–LINF are summarized and specific applications of CE–LINF to small-biomolecule analysis, profiling of human biofluids, detection of native fluorescent peptides and proteins, single-cell analysis and the use of online sample preconcentration methods are also reviewed in detail.
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25
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Mbuna J, Kaneta T, Imasaka T. Measurement of intracellular accumulation of anthracyclines in cancerous cells by direct injection of cell lysate in MEKC/LIF detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1396-404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Vacek J, Havran L, Fojta M. Ex situ Voltammetry and Chronopotentiometry of Doxorubicin at a Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode: Redox and Catalytic Properties and Analytical Applications. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Wang Y, Hong J, Cressman ENK, Arriaga EA. Direct sampling from human liver tissue cross sections for electrophoretic analysis of doxorubicin. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3321-8. [PMID: 19323500 DOI: 10.1021/ac802542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After chemoembolization of the liver with doxorubicin (Dox), this drug and its metabolites are not homogeneously distributed in this organ. The distribution cannot be easily measured making it difficult to assess how the drug performs in different tissue regions. Here we report a technique for sampling tissue cross sections that can analyze the contents of micrometer size regions. The tissue cross sections were from the explanted liver of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient. Samples were directly aspirated from a 5 microm thick tissue cross section into a 50 microm i.d. capillary where the tissue was solubilized with a separation buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Upon sample dissolution, Dox and natively fluorescent compounds were separated and detected by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Sampling reproducibility and recovery were assessed using 10% (w/v) gelatin as tissue mimic. Sampling from gelatin slices containing Dox revealed a relative standard deviation of 13%, which was comparable to that of sampling from solution. Dox recovery was 82% +/- 16% (n = 5). When sampling tumor and nontumor tissue regions, samples could be taken from the same region 100 microm apart. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine that each sample was 8.4 +/- 1.0 pL in volume which made it possible to determine Dox concentrations in the ranges of 0.4-1.3 and 0.3-0.5 microM for the samples taken from tumor and nontumor regions, respectively. The results demonstrated the feasibility of sampling, detection, and quantification of Dox in micrometer size regions, which could be a useful resource for analyzing the Dox concentration and distribution in highly heterogeneous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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28
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Kim HS, Wainer IW. Simultaneous analysis of liposomal doxorubicin and doxorubicin using capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 52:372-6. [PMID: 19625153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method based on a capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection was developed and validated for simultaneous separation of doxorubicin (DOX) and liposomal encapsulated DOX. The separation was accomplished using a fused silica capillary (60cm in total length, 75microm I.D.) and potassium phosphate buffer [12.5mM, pH 7.4] as the running buffer. The effect of sample preparation conditions on maintaining liposomal integrity was also investigated. The limit of detection for DOX was 0.1microg/ml and the precision and accuracy of CE/LIF method was within the ranges of FDA guidelines. The validated method was successfully used to quantify DOX in human plasma using a direct injection of a 4-fold dilution of spiked liposomal DOX in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seung Kim
- Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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29
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Highly sensitive detection of daunorubicin based on carbon nanotubes–drug supramolecular interaction. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Skinner CD. A PDMS sheath flow cuvette for high-sensitivity LIF measurements in CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:372-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Wang Y, Arriaga EA. Monitoring incorporation, transformation and subcellular distribution of N-l-leucyl-doxorubicin in uterine sarcoma cells using capillary electrophoretic techniques. Cancer Lett 2008; 262:123-32. [PMID: 18194838 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that N-l-leucyl-doxorubicin (LeuDox) is less toxic than its parent drug, Dox, but the underlying causes of this reduced toxicity have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the incorporation of LeuDox into (i) the MES-SA human uterine sarcoma cell line and (ii) its Dox resistant counterpart, MES-SA/Dx5 cell line and the subsequent transformation of LeuDox into Dox and its subcellular distribution, were investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection (MEKC-LIF). In both cell lines the cellular uptakes of Dox and LeuDox were similar at equimolar doses, while the percent transformation of LeuDox into Dox in MES-SA/Dx5 cells was about twice as great as its transformation in MES-SA cells, which is beneficial for reaching Dox cytotoxic levels in this resistant cell line. When both cells lines were treated with IC(35) concentrations of either Dox and LeuDox, the intracellular Dox amounts were 6-fold higher in the resistant cell line than in the sensitive cell line, suggesting that other cellular processes play a role in the cytotoxicity of Dox in the resistant cell line. The amounts and ratios of Dox and LeuDox in four subcellular fractions of LeuDox-treated MES-SA/Dx5 cells were also investigated. The highest Dox/LeuDox ratio (i.e. 2.92) was found in the nuclear fraction, followed by the ratio in the low density organelle fraction (i.e. 1.92) that contains lysosomes, organelles in which lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes, capthesins, transform LeuDox into Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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32
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Borland LM, Kottegoda S, Phillips KS, Allbritton NL. Chemical analysis of single cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:191-227. [PMID: 20636079 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of single cells requires methods for quickly and quantitatively detecting a diverse array of analytes from extremely small volumes (femtoliters to nanoliters) with very high sensitivity and selectivity. Microelectrophoretic separations, using both traditional capillary electrophoresis and emerging microfluidic methods, are well suited for handling the unique size of single cells and limited numbers of intracellular molecules. Numerous analytes, ranging from small molecules such as amino acids and neurotransmitters to large proteins and subcellular organelles, have been quantified in single cells using microelectrophoretic separation techniques. Microseparation techniques, coupled to varying detection schemes including absorbance and fluorescence detection, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry, have allowed researchers to examine a number of processes inside single cells. This review also touches on a promising direction in single cell cytometry: the development of microfluidics for integrated cellular manipulation, chemical processing, and separation of cellular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Borland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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33
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Wang H, Chen J, Zhu L, Shadpour H, Hupert ML, Soper SA. Continuous flow thermal cycler microchip for DNA cycle sequencing. Anal Chem 2007; 78:6223-31. [PMID: 16944905 DOI: 10.1021/ac060568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here on the use of a polymer-based continuous flow thermal cycler (CFTC) microchip for Sanger cycle sequencing using dye terminator chemistry. The CFTC chip consisted of a 20-loop spiral microfluidic channel hot-embossed into polycarbonate (PC) that had three well-defined temperature zones poised at 95, 55, and 60 degrees C for denaturation, renaturation, and DNA extension, respectively. The sequencing cocktail was hydrodynamically pumped through the microreactor channel at different linear velocities ranging from 1 to 12 mm/s. At a linear velocity of 4 mm/s resulting in a 36-s extension time, a read length of >600 bp could be obtained in a total reaction time of 14.6 min. Further increases in the flow rate resulted in a reduction in the total reaction time but also produced a decrease in the sequencing read length. The CFTC chip could be reused for subsequent sequencing runs (>30) with negligible amounts of carryover contamination or degradation in the sequencing read length. The CFTC microchip was subsequently coupled to a solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) microchip made from PC for purification of the DNA sequencing ladders (i.e., removal of excess dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides, DNA template, and salts) prior to gel electrophoresis. Coupling of the CFTC chip to the SPRI microchip showed read lengths similar to that obtained from benchtop instruments but did not require manual manipulation of the cycle sequencing reactions following amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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34
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Xiao H, Li X, Zou H, Yang L, Wang Y, Wang H, Le XC. CE-LIF coupled with flow cytometry for high-throughput quantitation of fluorophores in single intact cells. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3452-9. [PMID: 16944459 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a method of coupled CE-LIF detection with flow cytometry for high-throughput determination and quantitation of fluorophores in single intact K562/S (KS) cells. The membrane properties of KS cell including fluophore transport rate and apparent permeability coefficient were further quantitatively characterized. The method has advantages for accurate quantitation and unique capacity of high-throughput analysis. The strategy will be useful for the quantitation of fluorophores in the intact cells, such as measurement of multidrug resistance, quantitation of specific protein expression, and quantitative characterization of protein and enzyme functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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35
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Johnson RD, Navratil M, Poe BG, Xiong G, Olson KJ, Ahmadzadeh H, Andreyev D, Duffy CF, Arriaga EA. Analysis of mitochondria isolated from single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:107-18. [PMID: 16937092 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bulk studies are not suitable to describe and study cell-to-cell variation, which is of high importance in biological processes such as embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, and disease. Previously, capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was used to measure the properties of organelles isolated from millions of cells. As such, these bulk measurements reported average properties for the organelles of cell populations. Similar measurements for organelles released from single cells would be highly relevant to describe the subcellular variations among cells. Toward this goal, here we introduce an approach to analyze the mitochondria released from single mammalian cells. Osteosarcoma 143B cells are labeled with either the fluorescent mitochondrion-specific 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) or via expression of the fluorescent protein DsRed2. Subsequently, a single cell is introduced into the CE-LIF capillary where the organelles are released by a combined treatment of digitonin and trypsin. After this treatment, an electric field is applied and the released organelles electromigrate toward the LIF detector. From an electropherogram, the number of detected events per cell, their individual electrophoretic mobilities, and their individual fluorescence intensities are calculated. The results obtained from DsRed2 labeling, which is retained in intact mitochondria, and NAO labeling, which labels all mitochondria, are the basis for discussion of the strengths and limitations of this single-cell approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Johnson
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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36
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Eder AR, Chen JS, Arriaga EA. Separation of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3263-70. [PMID: 16915573 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicinol (DOXol) is a human metabolite of the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX), and is associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and decreased drug efficacy. Due to the structural similarities and equal molecular charges of DOXol and DOX, their electrophoretic separation is commonly ineffective. A method for separating and detecting DOX and DOXol, as well as two DOXol enantiomers, was established using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Differential DOXol production was detected in a DOX-sensitive and resistant pair of cell lines, with a 0.08 +/- 0.01 fmol limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Eder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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37
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Fazal MA, Palmer VR, Dovichi NJ. Analysis of differential detergent fractions of an AtT-20 cellular homogenate using one- and two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1130:182-9. [PMID: 16781720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Differential detergent fractionation was used to sequentially extract cytosolic, membrane, nuclear, and cytoskeletal fractions from AtT-20 cells. Extracted components were denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and then labeled with the fluorogenic reagent 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-1-carboxaldehyde. Both capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) were used to separate labeled components by one-dimensional (1D) electrophoresis. Labeled components were also separated by two-dimensional (2D) capillary electrophoresis; CSE was employed in the first dimension and MECC in the second dimension. Roughly 150 fractions were transferred from the first to the second capillary for this comprehensive analysis in 2.5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abul Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-1700, USA
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38
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Eder AR, Arriaga EA. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography reveals differences in intracellular metabolism between liposomal and free doxorubicin treatment of human leukemia cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 829:115-22. [PMID: 16246643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxil is a pegylated liposome formulation of the anthracycline doxorubicin. To better explain observed differences in the toxicity of Doxil and free doxorubicin in solution, the intracellular metabolism of the formulations after treatment in CCRF-CEM and CEM/C2 human leukemia cell lines was investigated. Using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection, with a 63 zepto (10(-21)) mole doxorubicin limit of detection, five common metabolites and doxorubicin were detected upon treatment with both of these drug delivery systems. Two unique metabolites appeared with the Doxil and two unique metabolites appeared with the free doxorubicin delivery systems. For common metabolites, the relative amount of metabolite generated from Doxil was approximately 10 times higher than for free doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Eder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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39
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DeGregorio MW, Dingley KH, Wurz GT, Ubick E, Turteltaub KW. Accelerator mass spectrometry allows for cellular quantification of doxorubicin at femtomolar concentrations. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 57:335-42. [PMID: 16047147 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-0060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive analytical methodology used to quantify the content of radioisotopes, such as (14)C, in a sample. The primary goals of this work were to demonstrate the utility of AMS in determining total cellular [(14)C]anthracycline concentrations following administration of doxorubicin (DOX) and to develop a sensitive assay that is superior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantification of [(14)C]anthracycline at the tumor level. In order to validate the sensitivity of AMS versus HPLC with fluorescence detection, we performed three studies comparing the cellular accumulation of DOX: one in vitro cell line study, and two in vivo xenograft mouse studies. Using AMS, we quantified cellular [(14)C]anthracycline content up to 4 h following in vitro exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.2 pg/ml (345 fM) to 2 microg/ml (3.45 microM) [(14)C]DOX. The results of this study show that, compared to standard fluorescence-based HPLC, the AMS method was over five orders of magnitude more sensitive. Two in vivo studies compared the sensitivity of AMS to HPLC using a nude mouse xenograft model in which breast cancer cells were implanted subcutaneously. After sufficiently large tumors formed, [(14)C]DOX was administered intravenously at two dose levels. Additionally, we tested the AMS method in a nude mouse xenograft model of multidrug resistance (MDR) in which each mouse was implanted with both wild type and MDR+ cells on opposite flanks. The results of the second and third studies showed that [(14)C]anthracycline concentrations were significantly higher in the wild type tumors compared to the MDR+ tumors, consistent with the MDR model. Although this method does not discriminate between parent drug and metabolites, the extreme sensitivity of AMS should facilitate similar studies in humans to establish target site drug delivery and to potentially determine the optimal treatment dose and regimen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/analysis
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Carbon Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/analysis
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Female
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Reproducibility of Results
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- M W DeGregorio
- University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Sacramento, 95817, USA.
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40
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Woods LA, Powell PR, Paxon TL, Ewing AG. Analysis of Mammalian Cell Cytoplasm with Electrophoresis in Nanometer Inner Diameter Capillaries. ELECTROANAL 2005; 17:1192-1197. [PMID: 17364015 PMCID: PMC1821352 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis in 770 nanometer inner diameter capillaries coupled to electrochemical detection with an etched electrode matching an etched capillary (etched electrochemical detection) has been used with ultrasmall sampling to inject subcellular samples from intact single mammalian cells. Separations of cytoplasmic samples taken from rat pheochromocytoma cells have been achieved. As little as 8% of the total volume of a single cell has been sampled and analyzed. Dopamine has been identified and quantified in these PC12 cells using this technique. The average cytoplasmic level of dopamine in rat pheochromocytoma cells has been determined to be 240 ± 60 μM. The use of electrophoresis in 770 nanometer inner diameter capillaries with electrochemical detection to monitor cytoplasmic neurotransmitters at the single cell level can provide information about complex cellular functions such as neurotransmitter storage and synthesis.
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41
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Gunasekera N, Xiong G, Musier-Forsyth K, Arriaga E. A capillary electrophoretic method for monitoring the presence of α-tubulin in nuclear preparations. Anal Biochem 2004; 330:1-9. [PMID: 15183755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive capillary electrophoretic method was developed to detect the presence of alpha-tubulin, a microtubular cytoskeletal component, in isolated nuclear preparations. These preparations are treated with anti-alpha-tubulin primary mouse antibodies and then stained with a fluorescently labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody. The stained preparation is then analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection, a technique that allows for sensitive detection of fluorescently labeled species. Using this method, it is feasible to count individual subcellular aggregates containing alpha-tubulin (SATs), estimate the number of alpha-tubulin molecules per SAT, determine the cumulative intensity of all SATs as an estimate of the relative level of alpha-tubulin in a preparation, and obtain their apparent electrophoretic mobility distribution. The method was validated by comparing SATs from untreated cells with those from colchicine-treated cells. Since colchicine is a microtubule-disrupting agent, treatment reduced the number of SATs per cell as well as the cumulative intensity of all SATs in a preparation. In contrast, the apparent electrophoretic mobility distribution was not influenced by colchicine treatment, suggesting that this parameter is not strongly dependent on the alpha-tubulin content. Given the zeptomolar sensitivity of laser-induced fluorescence detection and the widespread availability of antibodies, the approach used here represents an improvement in the detection of cytoskeletal impurities in subcellular fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilhan Gunasekera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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42
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43
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Presley AD, Fuller KM, Arriaga EA. MitoTracker Green labeling of mitochondrial proteins and their subsequent analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:141-50. [PMID: 12880861 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MitoTracker Green (MTG) is a mitochondrial-selective fluorescent label commonly used in confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. It is expected that this dye selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix where it covalently binds to mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free thiol groups of cysteine residues. Here we demonstrate that MTG can be used as a protein labeling reagent that is compatible with a subsequent analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Although the MTG-labeled proteins and MTG do not seem to electrophoretically separate, an enhancement in fluorescence intensity of the product indicates that only proteins with free thiol groups are capable of reacting with MTG. In addition we propose that MTG is a partially selective label towards some mitochondrial proteins. This selectivity stems from the high MTG concentration in the mitochondrial matrix that favors alkylation of the available thiol groups in this subcellular compartment. To that effect we treated mitochondria-enriched fractions that had been prepared by differential centrifugation of an NS-1 cell lysate. This fraction was solubilized with an SDS-containing buffer and analyzed by CE-LIF. The presence of a band with fluorescence stronger than MTG alone also indicated the presence of an MTG-protein product. Confirming that MTG is labeling mitochondrial proteins was done by treating the solubilized mitochondrial fraction with 5-furoylquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde (FQ), a fluorogenic reagent that reacts with primary amino groups, and analysis by CE-LIF using two separate detection channels: 520 nm for MTG-labeled species and 635 nm for FQ-labeled species. In addition, these results indicate that MTG labels only a subset of proteins in the mitochondria-enriched fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Presley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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