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Nagase K, Takagi H, Nakada H, Ishikawa H, Nagata Y, Aomori T, Kanazawa H. Chromatography columns packed with thermoresponsive-cationic-polymer-modified beads for therapeutic drug monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12847. [PMID: 35896711 PMCID: PMC9329465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring, which is used to determine appropriate drug doses, is critical in pharmacological therapy. In this study, we developed thermoresponsive chromatography columns with various cationic properties for effective therapeutic drug monitoring. Thermoresponsive cationic copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-n-butyl methacrylate-co-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-BMA-co-DMAPAAm))-modified silica beads, which were used as the chromatographic stationary phase, were prepared by modifying the radical initiator of the silica beads, followed by radical polymerization. Characterization of the prepared silica beads demonstrated that thermoresponsive polymers with various cationic properties successfully modified the beads. The elution behavior of several steroids in the prepared bead-packed columns at various temperatures indicated that the optimal column operating temperature was 30 °C. Appropriate measurement conditions for 13 drugs were investigated by varying the cationic properties of the columns and the pH of the mobile phase. Drug concentrations in serum samples were determined using the developed columns and mobile phases with a suitable pH. Voriconazole concentrations in human serum samples were determined using the developed columns with all-aqueous mobile phases. We anticipate that the developed chromatography columns can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring because drug concentrations can be measured using all-aqueous mobile phases that are suitable in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruki Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nagata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tohru Aomori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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2
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Nagase K, Matsumoto K, Kanazawa H. Temperature-responsive mixed-mode column for the modulation of multiple interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4434. [PMID: 35292748 PMCID: PMC8924202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, mixed-mode chromatography columns have been investigated using multiple analyte interactions. A mixed-mode chromatography column was developed using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brush-modified silica beads and poly(3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PAPTAC) brush-modified silica beads. PNIPAAm brush-modified silica beads and PAPTAC brush-modified silica beads were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. The beads were then packed into a stainless-steel column in arbitrary compositions. The elution studies evaluated the column performance on hydrophobic, electrostatic, and therapeutic drug samples using steroids, adenosine nucleotide, and antiepileptic drugs as analytes, respectively. Steroids exhibited an increased retention time when the column temperature was increased. The retention of adenosine nucleotides increased with the increasing composition of the PAPTAC-modified beads in the column. The antiepileptic drugs were separated using the prepared mixed-mode columns. An effective separation of antiepileptic drugs was observed on a 10:1 PNIPAAm:PAPTAC column because the balance between the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with antiepileptic drugs was optimized for the bead composition. Oligonucleotides were also separated using mixed-mode columns through multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These results demonstrate that the developed mixed-mode column can modulate multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions by changing the column temperature and composition of the packed PNIPAAm and PAPTAC beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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3
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Nagase K, Inoue S, Inoue M, Kanazawa H. Two-dimensional temperature-responsive chromatography using a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush-modified stationary phase for effective therapeutic drug monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2653. [PMID: 35173260 PMCID: PMC8850448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an effective pharmacological approach for controlling drug concentration in a patient's serum. Herein, a new two-dimensional chromatography system was developed using two poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-modified bead-packed columns for effective and safe drug monitoring. PNIPAAm-modified silica beads were prepared as packing materials using atom transfer radical polymerization of NIPAAm. The increase in the retention times of the drugs requiring TDM with increasing temperature, was attributed to enhanced hydrophobic interactions at elevated temperatures. The drugs and serum proteins were separated on the prepared column at 40 °C using an all-aqueous mobile phase. Differences in the hydrophobic interactions accounted for the elution of the serum proteins and drugs at short and long retention times, respectively, and a primary column was employed to separate the serum proteins and drugs. After eluting the serum proteins from the column, the drug was introduced into the secondary column, leading to a peak of its purified form and enabling determination of the drug concentration. Two-dimensional temperature-responsive chromatography can benefit TDM by allowing the drug concentration in the serum to be measured in all-aqueous mobile phases without sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - So Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masakazu Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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4
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Temperature responsive chromatography for therapeutic drug monitoring with an aqueous mobile phase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23508. [PMID: 34873248 PMCID: PMC8648775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring is a key technology for effective pharmacological treatment. In the present study, a temperature-responsive chromatography column was developed for safe and simple therapeutic drug monitoring without the use of organic solvents. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel-modified silica beads were prepared via a condensation reaction and radical polymerization. The temperature-dependent elution behavior of the drugs was observed using a PNIPAAm-modified silica-bead packed column and an all-aqueous mobile phase. Sharp peaks with reproducible retention times were observed at temperatures of 30 °C or 40 °C because the PNIPAAm hydrogel on the silica beads shrinks at these temperatures, limiting drug diffusion into the PNIPAAm hydrogel layer. The elution behavior of the sample from the prepared column was examined using a mixture of serum and model drugs. The serum and drugs were separated on the column at 30 °C or 40 °C, and the concentration of the eluted drug was obtained using the calibration curve. The results show that the prepared chromatography column would be useful for therapeutic drug monitoring because the drug concentration in serum can be measured without using organic solvents in the mobile phase and without any need for sample preparation.
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5
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Shen J, Qiao J, Zhang X, Qi L. Dual-stimuli-responsive porous polymer enzyme reactor for tuning enzymolysis efficiency. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:435. [PMID: 34837525 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for preparing a dual-stimuli-responsive porous polymer membrane enzyme reactor (D-PPMER) is described, consisting of poly (styrene-maleic anhydride-N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylate-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline]-1'-esterspiropyran ester) [P(S-M-N-SP)] and D-amino acid oxidase. Tunable control via "on/off" 365 nm UV light irradiation and temperature variation was used to change the membrane surface configuration and adjust the enzymolysis efficiency of the D-PPMER. A chiral capillary electrophoresis technique was developed for evaluation of the enzymatic efficiency of D-PPMER with a Zn(II)-dipeptide complex as the chiral selector and D,L-serine as the substrate. Interestingly, the enzymatic kinetic reaction rate of D-PPMER under UV irradiation at 36 °C (9.2 × 10-2 mM·min-1) was 3.2-fold greater than that of the free enzyme (2.9 × 10-2 mM·min-1). This was because upon UV irradiation at high temperature, the P(SP) and P(N) moieties altered from a "stretched" to a "curled" state to encapsulate the enzyme in smaller cavities. The confinement effect of the cavities further improved the enzymatic efficiency of the D-PPMER. This protocol highlights the outstanding potential of smart polymers, enables tunable control over the kinetic rates of stimuli-responsive enzyme reactors, and establishes a platform for adjusting enzymolysis efficiency using two different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, No.601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Nagase K, Umemoto Y, Kanazawa H. Effect of pore diameter on the elution behavior of analytes from thermoresponsive polymer grafted beads packed columns. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9976. [PMID: 33976250 PMCID: PMC8113370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-responsive chromatography using thermoresponsive polymers is innovative and can control analyte retention via column temperature. Analyte elution behavior in this type of chromatography depends on the modified thermoresponsive polymer and the structure of the base materials. In the present study, we examine the effect of the pore diameter of silica beads on analyte elution behavior in temperature-responsive chromatography. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-n-butyl methacrylate) hydrogel was applied to beads of various pore sizes: 7, 12, and 30 nm. Almost the same amount of copolymer hydrogel was applied to all beads, indicating that the efficiency of copolymer modification was independent of pore size. Analyte retention on prepared beads in a packed column was observed using steroids, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates as analytes. Analyte retention times increased with temperature on packed columns of 12- and 30-nm beads, whereas the column packed with 7-nm beads exhibited decreased retention times with increasing temperature. The difference in analyte elution behavior among the various pore sizes was attributed to analyte diffusion into the bead pores. These results demonstrate that bead pore diameter determines temperature-dependent elution behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Yuta Umemoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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7
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Modha S, Castro C, Tsutsui H. Recent developments in flow modeling and fluid control for paper-based microfluidic biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113026. [PMID: 33545552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, researchers have shown that paper is a promising substrate for affordable biosensors. The field of paper-microfluidics has evolved rapidly in that time, with simple colorimetric assays giving way to more complex electrochemical devices that can handle multiple samples at a given time. As paper devices become more complex, the ability to precisely control different fluids simultaneously becomes a challenge. Specifically, automated flow control is a necessary attribute to make paper-based devices more useable in resource-limited settings. Flow control strategies on paper are typically developed experimentally through trial-and-error, with little focus on theory. This is because flow behavior in paper is not well understood and sometimes difficult to predict precisely. Additionally, popular theoretical models are too simplistic, making them unsuitable for complex device designs and application conditions. A better understanding of flow theory would allow devices conceived straight from theoretical models. This could save time and resources by reducing experimental work. In this review, we provide an overview of different theoretical models used to characterize imbibition in paper substrates and document the latest flow control strategies that have been applied to automated fluid control on paper. Additionally, we look at current efforts to commercialize paper-based devices along with challenges facing this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Modha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Carlos Castro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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8
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A microfluidic column of water index-matched packed microspheres for label-free observation of water pollutants. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:143. [PMID: 33774708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic, label-free optical sensor for water pollutants, which is based on a packed micro-column of microspheres with refractive index similar to that of water, is presented. The perfluoropolyether microspheres are synthetized by membrane emulsification followed by UV irradiation. The microfluidic channel hosting the packed column is transparent when filled with pure water as a consequence of refractive index matching, whereas it scatters light in presence of compounds with lipophilic moieties that spontaneously adsorb on the fluorinated microspheres. The device is characterized by investigating the response to cationic and anionic surfactants. Both the signal growth rate and the recovery rate measured during washing with water depend on the type and concentration of the compounds. The cationic surfactants tested display a larger signal increase, linearly scaling with concentration. A limit of detection of 1 μM is obtained in the current configuration. The water index-matched microspheres enable to access an additional analytical parameter, that is the propagation velocity of the scattering signal along the column. This parameter is also found to scale linearly with concentration, hence providing a complementary analytical tool sensitive to the adhesion kinetics.
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9
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Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Temperature-responsive chromatography for bioseparations: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1138:191-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Ushiro K, Shoji T, Matsumoto M, Asoh TA, Horibe H, Katsumoto Y, Tsuboi Y. Microanalysis of Single Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Droplet Produced by an Optical Tweezer in Water: Isotacticity Dependence of Growth and Chemical Structure of the Droplet. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8454-8463. [PMID: 32900197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive phase separation mechanisms of aqueous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions were investigated using an optical tweezer combined with a Raman microspectroscope. A near-infrared laser beam (λ = 1064 nm) was focused into the solution to produce and trap a single polymer microdroplet under an optical microscope. The laser beam played two important roles: The first role is to locally heat the solution to induce phase separation in which numerous polymer microdroplets are generated around the focus, while the second one is to collect these microdroplets. Eventually, a single polymer droplet was stably produced and trapped at the focus. Our method enabled us to perform two types of microanalysis for the droplet. Analysis I is real-time monitoring the growth of the polymer droplets by which we can determine the growth rate of droplets. Analysis II is Raman microspectroscopy to reveal chemical components of the droplets. By means of these two analyses, we revealed important phase separation mechanisms in terms of stereoregularity (isotacticity) dependence. From analysis I, we show that droplet growth is governed by the Ostwald ripening mechanism and the growth is accelerated by increasing the isotacticity. From analysis II, we show that the gelation is promoted in the droplet (physical gel formation) with increasing isotacticity. Our technique should be a versatile tool to explore liquid-liquid phase separation mechanisms for various binary solution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ushiro
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shoji
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hideo Horibe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Katsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsuboi
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Stimulus-responsive polymers have been used in improving the efficacy of medical diagnostics through different approaches including enhancing the contrast in imaging techniques and promoting the molecular recognition in diagnostic assays. This review overviews the mechanisms of stimulus-responsive polymers in response to external stimuli including temperature, pH, ion, light, etc. The applications of responsive polymers in magnetic resonance imaging, capture and purification of biomolecules through protein-ligand recognition and lab-on-a-chip technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divambal Appavoo
- NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, FL 32826, USA.
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12
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Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Applications of “Smart Polymers” as Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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DEP-on-a-Chip: Dielectrophoresis Applied to Microfluidic Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060423. [PMID: 31238556 PMCID: PMC6630590 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric particles in a non-uniform electric field are subject to a force caused by a phenomenon called dielectrophoresis (DEP). DEP is a commonly used technique in microfluidics for particle or cell separation. In comparison with other separation methods, DEP has the unique advantage of being label-free, fast, and accurate. It has been widely applied in microfluidics for bio-molecular diagnostics and medical and polymer research. This review introduces the basic theory of DEP, its advantages compared with other separation methods, and its applications in recent years, in particular, focusing on the different electrode types integrated into microfluidic chips, fabrication techniques, and operation principles.
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14
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Andar AU, Deldari S, Gutierrez E, Burgenson D, Al-Adhami M, Gurramkonda C, Tolosa L, Kostov Y, Frey DD, Rao G. Low-cost customizable microscale toolkit for rapid screening and purification of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:870-881. [PMID: 30450616 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical separations require tremendous amounts of optimization to achieve acceptable product purity. Typically, large volumes of reagents and biological materials are needed for testing different parameters, thus adding to the expense of biopharmaceutical process development. This study demonstrates a versatile and customizable microscale column (µCol) for biopharmaceutical separations using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as an example application to identify key parameters. µCols have excellent precision, efficiency, and reproducibility, can accommodate any affinity, ion-exchange or size-exclusion-based resin and are compatible with any high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. µCols reduce reagent amounts, provide comparable purification performance and high-throughput, and are easy to automate compared with current conventional resin columns. We provide a detailed description of the fabrication methods, resin packing methods, and µCol validation experiments using a conventional HPLC system. Finite element modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics was used to validate the experimental performance of the µCols. In this study, µCols were used for improving the purification achieved for granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) expressed using a cell-free CHO in vitro translation (IVT) system and were compared to a conventional 1 ml IMAC column. Experimental data revealed comparable purity with a 10-fold reduction in the amount of buffer, resin, and purification time for the μCols compared with conventional columns for similar protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay U Andar
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sevda Deldari
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erick Gutierrez
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Burgenson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mustafa Al-Adhami
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas D Frey
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Castro D, Conchouso D, Kodzius R, Arevalo A, Foulds IG. High-Throughput Incubation and Quantification of Agglutination Assays in a Microfluidic System. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E281. [PMID: 29867050 PMCID: PMC6027479 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a two-phase microfluidic system capable of incubating and quantifying microbead-based agglutination assays. The microfluidic system is based on a simple fabrication solution, which requires only laboratory tubing filled with carrier oil, driven by negative pressure using a syringe pump. We provide a user-friendly interface, in which a pipette is used to insert single droplets of a 1.25-µL volume into a system that is continuously running and therefore works entirely on demand without the need for stopping, resetting or washing the system. These assays are incubated by highly efficient passive mixing with a sample-to-answer time of 2.5 min, a 5⁻10-fold improvement over traditional agglutination assays. We study system parameters such as channel length, incubation time and flow speed to select optimal assay conditions, using the streptavidin-biotin interaction as a model analyte quantified using optical image processing. We then investigate the effect of changing the concentration of both analyte and microbead concentrations, with a minimum detection limit of 100 ng/mL. The system can be both low- and high-throughput, depending on the rate at which assays are inserted. In our experiments, we were able to easily produce throughputs of 360 assays per hour by simple manual pipetting, which could be increased even further by automation and parallelization. Agglutination assays are a versatile tool, capable of detecting an ever-growing catalog of infectious diseases, proteins and metabolites. A system such as this one is a step towards being able to produce high-throughput microfluidic diagnostic solutions with widespread adoption. The development of analytical techniques in the microfluidic format, such as the one presented in this work, is an important step in being able to continuously monitor the performance and microfluidic outputs of organ-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David Conchouso
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Arpys Arevalo
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ian G Foulds
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Okanagan Campus, School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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16
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Kuscu M, Akan OB. Modeling convection-diffusion-reaction systems for microfluidic molecular communications with surface-based receivers in Internet of Bio-Nano Things. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192202. [PMID: 29415019 PMCID: PMC5802928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider a microfluidic molecular communication (MC) system, where the concentration-encoded molecular messages are transported via fluid flow-induced convection and diffusion, and detected by a surface-based MC receiver with ligand receptors placed at the bottom of the microfluidic channel. The overall system is a convection-diffusion-reaction system that can only be solved by numerical methods, e.g., finite element analysis (FEA). However, analytical models are key for the information and communication technology (ICT), as they enable an optimisation framework to develop advanced communication techniques, such as optimum detection methods and reliable transmission schemes. In this direction, we develop an analytical model to approximate the expected time course of bound receptor concentration, i.e., the received signal used to decode the transmitted messages. The model obviates the need for computationally expensive numerical methods by capturing the nonlinearities caused by laminar flow resulting in parabolic velocity profile, and finite number of ligand receptors leading to receiver saturation. The model also captures the effects of reactive surface depletion layer resulting from the mass transport limitations and moving reaction boundary originated from the passage of finite-duration molecular concentration pulse over the receiver surface. Based on the proposed model, we derive closed form analytical expressions that approximate the received pulse width, pulse delay and pulse amplitude, which can be used to optimize the system from an ICT perspective. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model by comparing model-based analytical results to the numerical results obtained by solving the exact system model with COMSOL Multiphysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kuscu
- Internet of Everything (IoE) Group, Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ozgur B. Akan
- Internet of Everything (IoE) Group, Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Next-generation and Wireless Communications Laboratory (NWCL), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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17
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Hernández-Vargas G, Ponce-Ponce de León CA, González-Valdez J, Iqbal HMN. “Smart” Polymers: Physicochemical Characteristics and Applications in Bio-Separation Strategies. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1356332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hernández-Vargas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | | | - José González-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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18
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Development of a metal/chelate polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate monolith capillary for selective depletion of immunoglobulin G from human plasma for proteomics. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Sonker M, Knob R, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Integrated electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices with pH-mediated solid-phase extraction coupled to microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1743-1754. [PMID: 28272749 PMCID: PMC5541996 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration in microfluidics is important for achieving automation. Sample preconcentration integrated with separation in a microfluidic setup can have a substantial impact on rapid analysis of low-abundance disease biomarkers. Here, we have developed a microfluidic device that uses pH-mediated solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment and elution of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Furthermore, this SPE module was integrated with microchip electrophoresis for combined enrichment and separation of multiple analytes, including a PTB peptide biomarker (P1). A reversed-phase octyl methacrylate monolith was polymerized as the SPE medium in polyethylene glycol diacrylate modified cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic channels. Eluent for pH-mediated SPE of PTB biomarkers on the monolith was optimized using different pH values and ionic concentrations. Nearly 50-fold enrichment was observed in single channel SPE devices for a low nanomolar solution of P1, with great elution time reproducibility (<7% RSD). The monolith binding capacity was determined to be 400 pg (0.2 pmol). A mixture of a model peptide (FA) and a PTB biomarker (P1) was extracted, eluted, injected, and then separated by microchip electrophoresis in our integrated device with ∼15-fold enrichment. This device shows important progress towards an integrated electrokinetically operated platform for preconcentration and separation of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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20
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Sepehrifar R, Boysen RI, Danylec B, Yang Y, Saito K, Hearn MT. Design, synthesis and application of a new class of stimuli-responsive separation materials. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Sonker M, Yang R, Sahore V, Kumar S, Woolley AT. On-Chip Fluorescent Labeling using Reversed-phase Monoliths and Microchip Electrophoretic Separations of Selected Preterm Birth Biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:7739-7746. [PMID: 28496521 PMCID: PMC5421993 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay01803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On-chip preconcentration, purification, and fluorescent labeling are desirable sample preparation steps to achieve complete automation in integrated microfluidic systems. In this work, we developed electrokinetically operated microfluidic devices for solid-phase extraction and fluorescent labeling of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Reversed-phase monoliths based on different acrylate monomers were photopolymerized in cyclic olefin copolymer microdevices and studied for the selective retention and elution of a fluorescent dye and PTB biomarkers. Octyl methacrylate-based monoliths with desirable retention and elution characteristics were chosen and used for on-chip fluorescent labeling of three PTB biomarkers. Purification of on-chip labeled samples was done by selective elution of unreacted dye prior to sample. Automated and rapid on-chip fluorescent labeling was achieved with similar efficiency to that obtained for samples labeled off chip. Additionally, protocols for microchip electrophoresis of several off-chip-labeled PTB biomarkers were demonstrated in poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices. This study is an important step toward the development of integrated on-chip labeling and separation microfluidic devices for PTB biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
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22
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Laing S, Suriano R, Lamprou DA, Smith CA, Dalby MJ, Mabbott S, Faulds K, Graham D. Thermoresponsive Polymer Micropatterns Fabricated by Dip-Pen Nanolithography for a Highly Controllable Substrate with Potential Cellular Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24844-52. [PMID: 27572916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel approach for patterning thermoresponsive hydrogels based on N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAAm) and bifunctional Jeffamine ED-600 by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The direct writing of micron-sized thermoresponsive polymer spots was achieved with efficient control over feature size. A Jeffamine-based ink prepared through the combination of organic polymers, such as DEAAm, in an inorganic silica network was used to print thermosensitive arrays on a thiol-silanized silicon oxide substrate. The use of a Jeffamine hydrogel, acting as a carrier matrix, allowed a reduction in the evaporation of ink molecules with high volatility, such as DEAAm, and facilitated the transfer of ink from tip to substrate. The thermoresponsive behavior of polymer arrays which swell/deswell in aqueous solution in response to a change in temperature was successfully characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy: a thermally induced change in height and hydration state was observed, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate that cells can adhere to and interact with these dynamic features and exhibit a change in behavior when cultured on the substrates above and below the transition temperature of the Jeffamine/DEAAm thermoresponsive hydrogels. This demonstrates the potential of these micropatterned hydrogels to act as a controllable surface for cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Laing
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde , 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Suriano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano , Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde , 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology, and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Carol-Anne Smith
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute for Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute for Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Mabbott
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde , 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde , 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde , 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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23
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Dalier F, Eghiaian F, Scheuring S, Marie E, Tribet C. Temperature-Switchable Control of Ligand Display on Adlayers of Mixed Poly(lysine)-g-(PEO) and Poly(lysine)-g-(ligand-modified poly-N-isopropylacrylamide). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1727-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Dalier
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Eghiaian
- U1006 INSERM,
Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, 163 av. de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - S. Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM,
Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, 163 av. de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - E. Marie
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C. Tribet
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Nagase K, Okano T. Thermoresponsive-polymer-based materials for temperature-modulated bioanalysis and bioseparations. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6381-6397. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, bioseparations using thermoresponsive polymers are summarized. Thermoresponsive chromatography for separating bioactive compounds and proteins, and cell separations using thermoresponsive polymers and their properties are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
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25
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Kim YJ, Kim SH, Fujii T, Matsunaga YT. Dual stimuli-responsive smart beads that allow “on–off” manipulation of cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:953-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature- and electric field-responsive polymer-conjugated polystyrene beads, termed smart beads, are designed to isolate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Kim
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS)
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS)
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS)
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Yukiko T. Matsunaga
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS)
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
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26
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Cao X, Horák D, An Z, Plichta Z. Raft polymerization ofN,N-dimethylacrylamide from magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) microspheres to suppress nonspecific protein adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueteng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental Science and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental Science and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zdeněk Plichta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06; Prague 6 Czech Republic
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27
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Mahmood R. Purification of anti-bromelain antibodies by affinity precipitation using pNIPAm-linked bromelain. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 46:161-4. [PMID: 25569629 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.996232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Affinity precipitation has emerged as a very useful technique for the purification of proteins. Here it has been employed for the purification of anti-bromelain antibodies from rabbit serum. A system has been developed for reversibly binding and thermoprecipitating antibodies. Anti-bromelain antibodies were raised in rabbit by immunizing it with bromelain. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAm)-bromelain conjugate was prepared and incubated with rabbit serum. After that the temperature was raised for thermal precipitation of the polymer. Antibodies were then eluted from the complex by incubating it with a small volume of buffer, pH 3.0. This method is very effective in concentrating the antibodies. Purity and specificity of the antibodies were checked by gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The study of the effect of pH and temperature on the binding of the antibodies to the conjugate showed that the optimum binding occurred at pH 8.0 and 25°C.The polymer enzyme conjugate was further used for another cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Mahmood
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
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28
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Lai JJ, Stayton PS. Improving lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) diagnostics via biomarker enrichment for mHealth. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1256:71-84. [PMID: 25626532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2172-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection technologies based on mobile devices can be utilized to enable many mHealth applications, including a reader for lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA). However, an intrinsic challenge associated with LFIA for clinical diagnostics is the limitation in sensitivity. Therefore, rapid and simple specimen processing strategies can directly enable more sensitive LFIA by purifying and concentrating biomarkers. Here, a binary reagent system is presented for concentrating analytes from a larger volume specimen to improve the malaria LFIA's limit of detection (LOD). The biomarker enrichment process utilizes temperature-responsive gold-streptavidin conjugates, biotinylated antibodies, and temperature-responsive magnetic nanoparticles. The temperature-responsive gold colloids were synthesized by modifying the citrate-stabilized gold colloids with a diblock copolymer, containing a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) segment and a gold-binding block composed of NIPAAm-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide. The gold-streptavidin conjugates were synthesized by conjugating temperature-responsive gold colloids with streptavidin via covalent linkages using carbodiimide chemistry chemistry. The gold conjugates formed half-sandwiches, gold labeled biomarker, by complexing with biotinylated antibodies that were bound to Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2), a malaria antigen. When a thermal stimulus was applied in conjunction with a magnetic field, the half-sandwiches and temperature-responsive magnetic nanoparticles that were both decorated with pNIPAAm formed large aggregates that were efficiently magnetically separated from human plasma. The binary reagent system was applied to a large volume (500 μL) specimen for concentrating biomarker 50-fold into a small volume and applied directly to an off-the-shelf malaria LFIA to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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29
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Mei N, Seale B, Ng AH, Wheeler AR, Oleschuk R. Digital Microfluidic Platform for Human Plasma Protein Depletion. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8466-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5022198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningsi Mei
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon Seale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alphonsus H.C. Ng
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Richard Oleschuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
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30
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Kim D, Herr AE. Protein immobilization techniques for microfluidic assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:41501. [PMID: 24003344 PMCID: PMC3747845 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have shown unequivocal performance improvements over conventional bench-top assays across a range of performance metrics. For example, specific advances have been made in reagent consumption, throughput, integration of multiple assay steps, assay automation, and multiplexing capability. For heterogeneous systems, controlled immobilization of reactants is essential for reliable, sensitive detection of analytes. In most cases, protein immobilization densities are maximized, while native activity and conformation are maintained. Immobilization methods and chemistries vary significantly depending on immobilization surface, protein properties, and specific assay goals. In this review, we present trade-offs considerations for common immobilization surface materials. We overview immobilization methods and chemistries, and discuss studies exemplar of key approaches-here with a specific emphasis on immunoassays and enzymatic reactors. Recent "smart immobilization" methods including the use of light, electrochemical, thermal, and chemical stimuli to attach and detach proteins on demand with precise spatial control are highlighted. Spatially encoded protein immobilization using DNA hybridization for multiplexed assays and reversible protein immobilization surfaces for repeatable assay are introduced as immobilization methods. We also describe multifunctional surface coatings that can perform tasks that were, until recently, relegated to multiple functional coatings. We consider the microfluidics literature from 1997 to present and close with a perspective on future approaches to protein immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-728, South Korea
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31
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32
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Stimuli-responsive polymers: biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:10-6. [PMID: 23246762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years many interesting biomedical uses have been proposed for stimuli-responsive polymers, including uses in diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering (regenerative medicine), and cell culture. This article briefly overviews the field of stimuli-responsive polymers and describes some of the most successful biomedical applications to date of such "smart" polymers. Other interesting potential applications are also discussed. The major barriers to future clinical translation of smart polymers are also critically discussed.
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Salehi P, Makhoul G, Roy R, Malhotra M, Mood ZA, Daniel SJ. Curcumin loaded NIPAAM/VP/PEG-A nanoparticles: physicochemical and chemopreventive properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:574-88. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Salehi
- a Department of Experimental Surgery , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3H1P3 , Canada
| | - Georges Makhoul
- a Department of Experimental Surgery , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3H1P3 , Canada
| | - Ranjan Roy
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3A2B2 , Canada
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3A2B4 , Canada
| | - Zhoobin A. Mood
- a Department of Experimental Surgery , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3H1P3 , Canada
| | - Sam J. Daniel
- d Department of Otolaryngology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3H1P3 , Canada
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Cao Z, Miao J, Zhu K, Lau C. Instantaneous derivatization technology for the simultaneous and homogeneous detection of multiple double-stranded PCR amplicons. Analyst 2011; 136:3981-7. [PMID: 21850316 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the development of instantaneous derivatization technology for the homogeneous and simultaneous detection of multiple PCR amplicons specific to the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) by using three carriers: magnetic beads, polystyrene beads, and thermo-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIP). Briefly, PCR amplicons are labeled with digoxin, biotin or FITC via the modified up-stream primers respectively. After PCR amplification, the immunoreactions occur between a mixture of three target PCR amplicons and three modified carriers with anti-digoxin antibody, streptavidin or anti-FITC antibody in a single vessel, and then each carrier is separated from the others under different conditions based on their physio-chemical attributes. And then direct CL detection proceeds via the instantaneous derivatization reaction between intrinsic guanine nucleobases and 3,4,5-trimethoxylphenylglyoxal (TMPG). This new protocol directly measures the double-stranded DNA and therefore does not require a denaturing step, thus offering an enhanced sensitivity due to the absence of competitive hybridization, i.e., the detection limit had a 20-fold improvement on the conventional PCR measurement. Additionally, by comparison of previous guanine based detection formats, this protocol is easy to be used for the detection of any guanine containing targets without the use of guanine-free or inosine-substituted capture probes. Overall, the proposed technique takes the advantages of sensitivity, high-speed and cost-effectivity, which provides a promising alternative for the analysis of multiple PCR targets in a variety of clinical, environmental, and biodefense fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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35
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Riche CT, Marin BC, Malmstadt N, Gupta M. Vapor deposition of cross-linked fluoropolymer barrier coatings onto pre-assembled microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3049-3052. [PMID: 21850298 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interior surfaces of pre-assembled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices were modified with a cross-linked fluoropolymer barrier coating that significantly increased the chemical compatibility of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson T Riche
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Chen GD, Fachin F, Fernandez-Suarez M, Wardle BL, Toner M. Nanoporous elements in microfluidics for multiscale manipulation of bioparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1061-7. [PMID: 21413145 PMCID: PMC3141316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid materials, such as silicon, glass, and polymers, dominate as structural elements in microsystems including microfluidics. Porous elements have been limited to membranes sandwiched between microchannel layers or polymer monoliths. This paper reports the use of micropatterned carbon-nanotube forests confined inside microfluidic channels for mechanically and/or chemically capturing particles ranging over three orders of magnitude in size. Nanoparticles below the internanotube spacing (80 nm) of the forest can penetrate inside the forest and interact with the large surface area created by individual nanotubes. For larger particles (>80 nm), the ultrahigh porosity of the nanotube elements reduces the fluid boundary layer and enhances particle-structure interactions on the outer surface of the patterned nanoporous elements. Specific biomolecular recognition is demonstrated using cells (≈10 μm), bacteria (≈1 μm), and viral-sized particles (≈40 nm) using both effects. This technology can provide unprecedented control of bioseparation processes to access bioparticles of interest, opening new pathways for both research and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Fernandez-Suarez
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02139, USA
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37
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Golden AL, Battrell CF, Pennell S, Hoffman AS, Lai JJ, Stayton PS. Simple fluidic system for purifying and concentrating diagnostic biomarkers using stimuli-responsive antibody conjugates and membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1820-6. [PMID: 20845976 DOI: 10.1021/bc100169y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple fluidic system that can purify and concentrate diagnostic biomarkers through the capture and triggered release of stimuli-responsive polymer-antibody conjugates at porous membranes that are grafted with the same stimuli-responsive polymer. This technique is applied here to the capture and detection of a model streptavidin antigen and subsequently to clinical ranges of the malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) from spiked human plasma. The carboxyl end-groups of semi-telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization were modified with tetrafluorophenol to yield amine-reactive ester groups for conjugation to amine groups of anti-streptavidin and anti-PfHRP2 antibodies. Stimuli-responsive membranes were constructed from 1.2 μm pore-size, hydroxylated, nylon-6,6 filters (Loprodyne, from Pall Corporation). The surface hydroxyl groups on the filters were conjugated to a 2-ethylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methyl propionic acid (EMP) RAFT chain transfer agent, and the surface-grafted pNIPAAm was obtained by subsequent polymerization. The number average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity indices (PDI) of the surface grafts were characterized, and membranes with either 4100 and 8400 dalton pNIPAAm grafts showed greater than 80% anti-streptavidin capture efficiency. The 8400 dalton-graft membrane showed the highest release efficiency, and it was demonstrated that at 0.2 nM starting concentration the streptavidin could be concentrated approximately 40-fold by releasing into a small 50 μL volume. This concentrator system was applied to the capture and concentration of the PfHRP2 antigen, and results showed that the PfHRP2 antigen could be processed and detected at clinically relevant concentrations of this malaria biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Golden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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38
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Yang L, Pan F, Zhao X, Yaseen M, Padia F, Coffey P, Freund A, Yang L, Liu T, Ma X, Lu JR. Thermoresponsive copolymer nanofilms for controlling cell adhesion, growth, and detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17304-17314. [PMID: 20964301 DOI: 10.1021/la102411u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development and use of a novel thermoresponsive polymeric nanofilm for controlling cell adhesion and growth at 37 °C, and then cell detachment for cell recovery by subsequent temperature drop to the ambient temperature, without enzymatic cleavage or mechanical scraping. A copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (abbreviated PNIPAAm copolymer), was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The thermoresponses of the copolymer in aqueous solution were demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) through detecting the sensitive changes of copolymer aggregation against temperature. The DLS measurements revealed the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 30 °C. The PNIPAAm film stability and robustness was provided through silyl cross-linking within the film and with the hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface. Film thickness, stability, and reversibility with respect to temperature switches were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. The results confirmed the high extent of thermosensitivity and structural restoration based on the alterations of film thickness and surface wettability. The effective control of adhesion, growth, and detachment of HeLa and HEK293 cells demonstrated the physical controllability and cellular compatibility of the copolymer nanofilms. These PNIPAAm copolymer nanofilms could open up a convenient interfacial mediation for cell film production and cell expansion by nonenzymatic and nonmechanical cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Sandison ME, Cumming SA, Kolch W, Pitt AR. On-chip immunoprecipitation for protein purification. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2805-2813. [PMID: 20714512 DOI: 10.1039/c005295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Immunoprecipitation (IP) is one of the most widely used and selective techniques for protein purification. Here, a miniaturised, polymer-supported immunoprecipitation (µIP) method for the on-chip purification of proteins from complex mixtures is described. A 4 µl PDMS column functionalised with covalently bound antibodies was created and all critical aspects of the µIP protocol (antibody immobilisation, blocking of potential non-specific adsorption sites, sample incubation and washing conditions) were assessed and optimised. The optimised µIP method was used to obtain purified fractions of affinity-tagged protein from a bacterial lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi E Sandison
- Integrative and Systems Biology, FBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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40
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Charati MB, Lee I, Hribar KC, Burdick JA. Light-sensitive polypeptide hydrogel and nanorod composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1608-1611. [PMID: 20603882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B Charati
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Sun X, Li D, Lee ML. Poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized polymeric microchips for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2010; 81:6278-84. [PMID: 19572700 DOI: 10.1021/ac9001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the synthesis, fabrication, and preliminary evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-functionalized polymeric microchips that are inherently resistant to protein adsorption without surface modification in capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this study, we investigated the impact of cross-linker purity and addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a comonomer on CE performance. Impure poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) induced electroosmotic flow (EOF) and increased the separation time, while the addition of MMA decreased the separation efficiency to approximately 25% of that obtained using microchips fabricated without MMA. Resultant improved microchips were evaluated for the separation of fluorescent dyes, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. A CE efficiency of 4.2 x 10(4) plates for aspartic acid in a 3.5 cm long microchannel was obtained. Chiral separation of 10 different D,L-amino acid pairs was obtained with addition of a chiral selector (i.e., beta-cyclodextrin) in the running buffer. Selectivity (alpha) and resolution (R(s)) for D,L-leucine were 1.16 and 1.64, respectively. Good reproducibility was an added advantage of these PEG-functionalized microchips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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42
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Nash MA, Lai JJ, Hoffman AS, Yager P, Stayton PS. "Smart" diblock copolymers as templates for magnetic-core gold-shell nanoparticle synthesis. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:85-91. [PMID: 20017498 PMCID: PMC2806508 DOI: 10.1021/nl902865v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a new strategy for synthesizing temperature-responsive gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-core/Au-shell nanoparticles (Au-mNPs) from diblock copolymer micelles. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer chains were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) with a thermally responsive "smart" poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) block and an amine-containing poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide) (DMAEAm) block that acted as a reducing agent during gold shell formation. The Au-mNPs reversibly aggregated upon heating the solution above the transition temperature of pNIPAAm, resulting in a red-shifted localized surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Nash
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - James J. Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Allan S. Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Paul Yager
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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43
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de Oliveira Tiera VA, Tiera MJ, Blaz Vieira NA, do Amaral BR, Pires RZ. The Interaction BetweenN–Isopropylacrylamide-Acrylic Acid-Ethyl Methacrylate Thermosensitive Polymers and Cationic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802701499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Lee J, Kim O, Jung J, Na K, Heo P, Hyun J. Simple fabrication of a smart microarray of polystyrene microbeads for immunoassay. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 72:173-80. [PMID: 19410434 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple method to fabricate an array of polystyrene microbeads (PS microbeads) conjugated with an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) on a glass surface using a removable polymer template (RPT). A thin layer of adhesive was spun-cast on glass and cured by UV radiation. Micropatterns of an RPT were then transferred onto the surface by microcontact printing. The adhesion of PS microbeads on the surface depended on the adhesion performance of the adhesive layer, which could be adjusted by irradiation time. An array of PS microbeads conjugated with ELP was used for a smart immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a cancer marker. By controlling the phase transition of ELP molecules, PSA molecules were selectively adhered or released from the bead surface. The selective and reversible binding of PSA molecules on the bead surface was characterized with fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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45
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Satokawa Y, Shikata T, Tanaka F, Qiu XP, Winnik FM. Hydration and Dynamic Behavior of a Cyclic Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Aqueous Solution: Effects of the Polymer Chain Topology. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802375w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Satokawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fumihiko Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xing-ping Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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46
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Ma D, Chen H, Shi D, Li Z, Wang J. Preparation and characterization of thermo-responsive PDMS surfaces grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 332:85-90. [PMID: 19168188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the preparation of a thermo-responsive, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface by means of benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization, we observed that thick (>1 mm) PDMS substrates were much more difficult to be grafted with PNIPAAm than thin ones. Investigations revealed that the shortage of diffused benzophenone molecules in the surface region of the thick substrate might be the reason. By prolonging the time spent for treating the substrate with a benzophenone solution, PNIPAAm could be successfully grafted onto thick PDMS substrates. The PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface was highly thermo-responsive. The contact angle on a grafted surface increased from 38 to 91 degrees in response to the temperature increase from 20 to 38 degrees C. An electroosmotic flow (EOF) mobility of 5x10(-4) cm(2)/Vs was supported by a PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS channel at 50 degrees C, whereas negligible EOF was observed at 20 degrees C. Doxorubicin (DX), an anticancer drug, was adsorbed by the grafted surface at 40 degrees C, and the majority of the adsorbed DX was quickly released from the surface to a stripping solution at 5 degrees C. Osteoblast cells adhered onto the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface and proliferated therein at 37 degrees C, while the cell sheet detached from the surface by lowering the temperature to 25 degrees C without using any enzymatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin'gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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47
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Kang H, Miao J, Cao Z, Lu J. Homogeneous temperature- and substrate-resolved technology for a chemiluminescence multianalyte immunoassay. Analyst 2009; 134:2246-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b910689h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Meng Q, Li Z, Li G, Zhang X, An Y, Zhu XX. Aggregation of biotinylated polymeric microspheres induced by interaction with avidin. PURE APPL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200779091575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Monodisperse biotinylated poly(styrene-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide) microspheres were synthesized in aqueous solutions with a two-step method. Upon the addition of avidin solutions of different concentrations in phosphate buffer into the dispersed biotinylated microspheres, the microspheres aggregated rapidly due to the high binding affinity between biotin and avidin. The hydrodynamic diameter of the aggregates and the aggregation rate observed at given time intervals increased with increasing concentration of avidin. The composition of the microspheres and the incorporation of biotin were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology, size distribution, and aggregation of the microspheres were studied by techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingli An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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49
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Liu J, Yang S, Lee CS, DeVoe DL. Polyacrylamide gel plugs enabling 2-D microfluidic protein separationsvia isoelectric focusing and multiplexed sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2241-50. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Ahn SK, Kasi RM, Kim SC, Sharma N, Zhou Y. Stimuli-responsive polymer gels. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:1151-1157. [PMID: 32907254 DOI: 10.1039/b714376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer gels have received considerable attention due to their singular mechanical properties, which make them materials of choice for niche applications. Polymer gels comprising either physical or chemical cross-links can undergo controlled and reversible shape changes in response to an applied field. The stimulus or external field applied may include thermal, electrical, magnetic, pH, UV/visible light, ionic or metallic interactions or combinations thereof. The shape change can manifest itself in two-dimensional actuation, bending motion, or three-dimensional actuation, volume change. This reversible contraction and expansion of polymer gels as well as their mechanical properties are similar to that of biological muscles. This review will describe and critique some of the recent advances in the field of stimuli-responsive polymer gels including the design of new classes of polymeric gels, controlled actuation in response to external stimuli, and ability to tailor material properties for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Kyun Ahn
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA and Chemistry Department, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Chemistry Department, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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