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Deng B, Rao L, Rodriguez-Freire L. Evaluation and optimization of FTIR spectroscopy to quantify PHA production by municipal wastewater sludge. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124012. [PMID: 38364451 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of naturally-occurring biopolymers synthesized by more than 300 microorganisms in the environment. These biopolymers have been investigated as a source material to substitute fossil fuel-based polymers; hence the synthesis of biopolymers and their characterization is a critical step in optimizing the process. Because of this, the biological production of PHA using PHA-producing microorganisms is currently the dominating process; however, the use of microbial mixed culture (MMC), such as wastewater sludge, is gaining attention. Different than pure cultures, MMC has higher culturing condition tolerance since the complex species composition and is easily obtained from wastewater treatment plants, which shortens the culturing time, lowers the cost, and promotes the application. The main constraint in MMC-based PHA is the extraction and quantification of PHA from the more complex matrix. In this paper, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is evaluated to be used as a quantification method of PHA in MMC systems. Firstly, commercially available analytical standards, which consist of PHA/PHB, and two different solvents (chloroform and dichloromethane), were used and tested by this method, with KBr card and liquid cell methods, and the results are validated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The method was then tested using 12 samples from wastewater treatment plants. The PHA content in biomass varied from 3.42 w/w% to 1.22 w/w% following extraction with chloroform as solvent as determined by this method. In the four different combination standards, the best one is consisted of PHB and chloroform, and FTIR-liquid cell showed higher promise for PHA quantification in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102 Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lingfen Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Lucia Rodriguez-Freire
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102 Newark, NJ, United States.
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2
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Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Iannacci F, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Soft sensor based on Raman spectroscopy for the in-line monitoring of metabolites and polymer quality in the biomanufacturing of polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Biotechnol 2023; 377:23-33. [PMID: 37879569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are among the most promising bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. These biodegradable polyesters can in fact be produced by fermentation from bacteria like Cupriavidus necator, thus reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacturing process. However, ensuring consistent product quality attributes is a major challenge of biomanufacturing. To address this issue, the implementation of real-time monitoring tools is essential to increase process understanding, enable a prompt response to possible process deviations and realize on-line process optimization. In this work, a soft sensor based on in situ Raman spectroscopy was developed and applied to the in-line monitoring of PHA biomanufacturing. This strategy allows the collection of quantitative information directly from the culture broth, without the need for sampling, and at high frequency. In fact, through an optimized multivariate data analysis pipeline, this soft sensor allows monitoring cell dry weight, as well as carbon and nitrogen source concentrations with root mean squared errors (RMSE) equal to 3.71, 7 and 0.03 g/L, respectively. In addition, this tool allows the in-line monitoring of intracellular PHA accumulation, with an RMSE of 14 gPHA/gCells. For the first time, also the number and weight average molecular weights of the polymer produced could be monitored, with RMSE of 8.7E4 and 11.6E4 g/mol, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in the in-line monitoring of biotechnology processes, leading to the simultaneous measurement of several process variables in real time without the need of sampling and labor-intensive sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Medeiros Garcia Alcântara
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannacci
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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3
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Dubus M, Varin J, Papa S, Chevrier J, Quilès F, Francius G, Audonnet S, Mauprivez C, Gangloff S, Siboni R, Ohl X, Reffuveille F, Kerdjoudj H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells offer an immune-privileged niche to Cutibacterium acnes in case of implant-associated osteomyelitis. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:305-315. [PMID: 34678484 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Considered as some of the most devastating complications, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-related osteomyelitis are among the hardest infections to diagnose and treat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete number of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial soluble factors, making them an attractive treatment for bacterial infection. In this study, we examined MSCs/C. acnes interaction and analyzed the subsequent MSCs and bacteria's behaviors. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were infected by C. acnes clinical strain harvested from non-infected bone site. Following 3 h of interaction, around 4% of bacteria were found in the intracellular compartment. Infected MSCs increased the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase immunomodulatory mediators. Viable intracellular bacteria analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed deep modifications in the wall features. In comparison with unchallenged bacteria, the viable intracellular bacteria showed (i) an increase in biofilm formation on orthopaedical-based materials, (ii) an increase in the invasiveness of osteoblasts and (iii) persistence in macrophage, suggesting the acquisition of virulence factors. Overall, these results showed a direct impact of C. acnes on bone marrow-derived MSCs, suggesting that blocking the C. acnes/MSCs interactions may represent an important new approach to manage chronic osteomyelitis infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of bone commensal C. acnes with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induces modifications in C. acnes wall characteristics. These bacteria increased (i) the biofilm formation on orthopaedical-based materials, (ii) the invasiveness of bone forming cells and (iii) the resistance to macrophage clearance through the modification of the wall nano-features and/or the increase in catalase production.
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4
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Doppler P, Gasser C, Kriechbaum R, Ferizi A, Spadiut O. In Situ Quantification of Polyhydroxybutyrate in Photobioreactor Cultivations of Synechocystis sp. Using an Ultrasound-Enhanced ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Probe. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8090129. [PMID: 34562950 PMCID: PMC8469707 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a very promising alternative to most petroleum-based plastics with the huge advantage of biodegradability. Biotechnological production processes utilizing cyanobacteria as sustainable source of PHB require fast in situ process analytical technology (PAT) tools for sophisticated process monitoring. Spectroscopic probes supported by ultrasound particle traps provide a powerful technology for in-line, nondestructive, and real-time process analytics in photobioreactors. This work shows the great potential of using ultrasound particle manipulation to improve spectroscopic attenuated total reflection Fourier-transformed mid-infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra as a monitoring tool for PHB production processes in photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Doppler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.D.); (R.K.)
| | - Christoph Gasser
- usePAT GmbH, Schönbrunner Strasse 231/2.01, 1120 Vienna, Austria; (C.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Ricarda Kriechbaum
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.D.); (R.K.)
| | - Ardita Ferizi
- usePAT GmbH, Schönbrunner Strasse 231/2.01, 1120 Vienna, Austria; (C.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.D.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-58801-166473
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5
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Monitoring E. coli Cell Integrity by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Opportunities and Caveats. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During recombinant protein production with E. coli, the integrity of the inner and outer membrane changes, which leads to product leakage (loss of outer membrane integrity) or lysis (loss of inner membrane integrity). Motivated by current Quality by Design guidelines, there is a need for monitoring tools to determine leakiness and lysis in real-time. In this work, we assessed a novel approach to monitoring E. coli cell integrity by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Various preprocessing strategies were tested in combination with regression (partial least squares, random forest) or classification models (partial least squares discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis, random forest, artificial neural network). Models were validated using standard procedures, and well-performing methods were additionally scrutinized by removing putatively important features and assessing the decrease in performance. Whereas the prediction of target compound concentration via regression was unsuccessful, possibly due to a lack of samples and low sensitivity, random forest classifiers achieved prediction accuracies of over 90% within the datasets tested in this study. However, strong correlations with untargeted spectral regions were revealed by feature selection, thereby demonstrating the need to rigorously validate chemometric models for bioprocesses, including the evaluation of feature importance.
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Kamravamanesh D, Lackner M, Herwig C. Bioprocess Engineering Aspects of Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production in Cyanobacteria. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5040111. [PMID: 30567391 PMCID: PMC6315491 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of biopolymers produced in various microorganisms as carbon and energy reserve when the main nutrient, necessary for growth, is limited. PHAs are attractive substitutes for conventional petrochemical plastics, as they possess similar material properties, along with biocompatibility and complete biodegradability. The use of PHAs is restricted, mainly due to the high production costs associated with the carbon source used for bacterial fermentation. Cyanobacteria can accumulate PHAs under photoautotrophic growth conditions using CO2 and sunlight. However, the productivity of photoautotrophic PHA production from cyanobacteria is much lower than in the case of heterotrophic bacteria. Great effort has been focused to reduce the cost of PHA production, mainly by the development of optimized strains and more efficient cultivation and recovery processes. Minimization of the PHA production cost can only be achieved by considering the design and a complete analysis of the whole process. With the aim on commercializing PHA, this review will discuss the advances and the challenges associated with the upstream processing of cyanobacterial PHA production, in order to help the design of the most efficient method on the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Kamravamanesh
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Lackner Ventures and Consulting GmbH, Hofherr Schrantz Gasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Lackner Ventures and Consulting GmbH, Hofherr Schrantz Gasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences FH Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Munir S, Jamil N. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production in bacterial co-culture using glucose and volatile fatty acids as carbon source. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:247-254. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Munir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
- Department of Zoology; University of Lahore; Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
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8
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Kosa G, Shapaval V, Kohler A, Zimmermann B. FTIR spectroscopy as a unified method for simultaneous analysis of intra- and extracellular metabolites in high-throughput screening of microbial bioprocesses. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:195. [PMID: 29132358 PMCID: PMC5683213 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of substrate and metabolites are often bottleneck activities in high-throughput screening of microbial bioprocesses. We have assessed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in combination with high throughput micro-bioreactors and multivariate statistical analyses, for analysis of metabolites in high-throughput screening of microbial bioprocesses. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that high-throughput (HTS) FTIR can be used for estimating content and composition of intracellular metabolites, namely triglyceride accumulation in oleaginous filamentous fungi. As a continuation of that research, in the present study HTS FTIR was evaluated as a unified method for simultaneous quantification of intra- and extracellular metabolites and substrate consumption. As a proof of concept, a high-throughput microcultivation of oleaginous filamentous fungi was conducted in order to monitor production of citric acid (extracellular metabolite) and triglyceride lipids (intracellular metabolites), as well as consumption of glucose in the cultivation medium. RESULTS HTS FTIR analyses of supernatant samples was compared with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR, which is an established method for bioprocess monitoring. Glucose and citric acid content of growth media was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Partial least square regression (PLSR) between HPLC glucose and citric acid data and the corresponding FTIR spectral data was used to set up calibration models. PLSR results for HTS measurements were very similar to the results obtained with ATR methodology, with high coefficients of determination (0.91-0.98) and low error values (4.9-8.6%) for both glucose and citric acid estimates. CONCLUSIONS The study has demonstrated that intra- and extracellular metabolites, as well as nutrients in the cultivation medium, can be monitored by a unified approach by HTS FTIR. The proof-of-concept study has validated that HTS FTIR, in combination with Duetz microtiter plate system and chemometrics, can be used for high throughput screening of microbial bioprocesses. It can be anticipated that the approach, demonstrated here on single-cell oil production by filamentous fungi, can find general application in screening studies of microbial bioprocesses, such as production of single-cell proteins, biopolymers, polysaccharides, carboxylic acids, and other type of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kosa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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9
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Novel spectrophotometric technique for rapid determination of extractable PHA using Sudan black dye. J Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoates in mixed and pure cultures biomass by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: comparison of different approaches. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:139-46. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Trojanowicz M. Flow chemistry vs. flow analysis. Talanta 2016; 146:621-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Koch C, Brandstetter M, Wechselberger P, Lorantfy B, Plata M, Radel S, Herwig C, Lendl B. Ultrasound-enhanced attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectroscopy in-line probe: acquisition of cell spectra in a bioreactor. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2314-20. [PMID: 25582569 PMCID: PMC4333607 DOI: 10.1021/ac504126v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a novel method for selective acquisition of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of microorganisms in-line during fermentation, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an example. The position of the cells relative to the sensitive region of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR probe was controlled by combing a commercially available ATR in-line probe with contact-free, gentle particle manipulation by ultrasonic standing waves. A prototype probe was successfully constructed, assembled, and tested in-line during fed-batch fermentations of S. cerevisiae. Control over the position of the cells was achieved by tuning the ultrasound frequency: 2.41 MHz was used for acquisition of spectra of the cells (pushing frequency f(p)) and 1.87 MHz, for retracting the cells from the ATR element, therefore allowing spectra of the medium to be acquired. Accumulation of storage carbohydrates (trehalose and glycogen) inside the cells was induced by a lack of a nitrogen source in the feed medium. These changes in biochemical composition were visible in the spectra of the cells recorded in-line during the application of f(p) and could be verified by reference spectra of dried cell samples recorded off-line with a FT-IR microscope. Comparison of the cell spectra with spectra of trehalose, glycogen, glucose, and mannan, i.e., the major carbohydrates present in S. cerevisiae, and principal components analysis revealed that the changes observed in the cell spectra correlated well with the bands specific for trehalose and glycogen. This proves the applicability and capability of ultrasound-enhanced in-line ATR mid-IR spectroscopy as a real-time PAT method for the in situ monitoring of cellular biochemistry during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Koch
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-UPA, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Brandstetter
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-UPA, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Wechselberger
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University
of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße
1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved
Bioprocesses, Institute of
Chemical Engineering, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt
9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Lorantfy
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University
of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße
1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria
Reyes Plata
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-UPA, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Radel
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-UPA, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University
of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße
1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved
Bioprocesses, Institute of
Chemical Engineering, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt
9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-UPA, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Torri C, Cordiani H, Samorì C, Favaro L, Fabbri D. Fast procedure for the analysis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in bacterial cells by off-line pyrolysis/gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Koch C, Posch AE, Goicoechea HC, Herwig C, Lendl B. Multi-analyte quantification in bioprocesses by Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy by partial least squares regression and multivariate curve resolution. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 807:103-10. [PMID: 24356226 PMCID: PMC3894717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective quantification using inline fiber optic ATR probe and midIR spectroscopy. Comparison of performance and ease of interpretation of PLS and MCR-ALS. General workflow for reliable quantification by FTIR spectroscopy in bioprocesses.
This paper presents the quantification of Penicillin V and phenoxyacetic acid, a precursor, inline during Pencillium chrysogenum fermentations by FTIR spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS) regression and multivariate curve resolution – alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). First, the applicability of an attenuated total reflection FTIR fiber optic probe was assessed offline by measuring standards of the analytes of interest and investigating matrix effects of the fermentation broth. Then measurements were performed inline during four fed-batch fermentations with online HPLC for the determination of Penicillin V and phenoxyacetic acid as reference analysis. PLS and MCR-ALS models were built using these data and validated by comparison of single analyte spectra with the selectivity ratio of the PLS models and the extracted spectral traces of the MCR-ALS models, respectively. The achieved root mean square errors of cross-validation for the PLS regressions were 0.22 g L−1 for Penicillin V and 0.32 g L−1 for phenoxyacetic acid and the root mean square errors of prediction for MCR-ALS were 0.23 g L−1 for Penicillin V and 0.15 g L−1 for phenoxyacetic acid. A general work-flow for building and assessing chemometric regression models for the quantification of multiple analytes in bioprocesses by FTIR spectroscopy is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Koch
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas E Posch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Héctor C Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría-LADAQ, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Koch C, Brandstetter M, Lendl B, Radel S. Ultrasonic manipulation of yeast cells in suspension for absorption spectroscopy with an immersible mid-infrared fiberoptic probe. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1094-101. [PMID: 23562020 PMCID: PMC3655382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in combining ultrasonic particle manipulation with attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of yeast suspensions are presented. Infrared spectroscopy provides highly specific molecular information about the sample. It has not been applicable to in-line monitoring of cells during fermentation, however, because positioning cells in the micron-thin measurement region of the attenuated total reflection probe was not possible. Ultrasonic radiation forces exerted on suspended particles by an ultrasonic standing wave can result in the buildup of agglomerates in the nodal planes, hence enabling the manipulation of suspended cells on the microscopic scale. When a chamber setup and a prototype in-line applicable probe were used, successful control over the position of the yeast cells relative to the attenuated total reflection sensor surface could be proven. Both rate of increase and maximum mid-infrared absorption of yeast-specific bands during application of a pushing frequency (chamber setup: 1.863 MHz, in-line probe: 1.990 MHz) were found to correlate with yeast cell concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefan Radel
- Address correspondence to: Stefan Radel, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Wiklund M, Radel S, Hawkes JJ. Acoustofluidics 21: ultrasound-enhanced immunoassays and particle sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:25-39. [PMID: 23138938 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In part 21 of the tutorial series "Acoustofluidics--exploiting ultrasonic standing wave forces and acoustic streaming in microfluidic systems for cell and particle manipulation", we review applications of ultrasonic standing waves used for enhancing immunoassays and particle sensors. The paper covers ultrasonic enhancement of bead-based immuno-agglutination assays, bead-based immuno-fluorescence assays, vibrational spectroscopy sensors and cell deposition on a sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gagoś M, Kamiński D, Arczewska M, Krajnik B, Maćkowski S. Spectroscopic Evidence for Self-Organization of N-Iodoacetylamphotericin B in Crystalline and Amorphous Phases. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12706-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307873m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13,
20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Department
of Cell Biology,
Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15,
20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13,
20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Optics
of Hybrid Nanostructures
Group, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Optics
of Hybrid Nanostructures
Group, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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18
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Sonnleitner B. Automated measurement and monitoring of bioprocesses: key elements of the M(3)C strategy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23179291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The state-of-routine monitoring items established in the bioprocess industry as well as some important state-of-the-art methods are briefly described and the potential pitfalls discussed. Among those are physical and chemical variables such as temperature, pressure, weight, volume, mass and volumetric flow rates, pH, redox potential, gas partial pressures in the liquid and molar fractions in the gas phase, infrared spectral analysis of the liquid phase, and calorimetry over an entire reactor. Classical as well as new optical versions are addressed. Biomass and bio-activity monitoring (as opposed to "measurement") via turbidity, permittivity, in situ microscopy, and fluorescence are critically analyzed. Some new(er) instrumental analytical tools, interfaced to bioprocesses, are explained. Among those are chromatographic methods, mass spectrometry, flow and sequential injection analyses, field flow fractionation, capillary electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. This chapter surveys the principles of monitoring rather than compiling instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Sonnleitner
- Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry (ICBC), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 29, CH-8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland,
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19
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Determination of sugars in depilatory formulations: A green analytical method employing infrared detection and partial least squares regression. Talanta 2011; 85:1721-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Koller M, Gasser I, Schmid F, Berg G. Linking ecology with economy: Insights into polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing microorganisms. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Radel S, Brandstetter M, Lendl B. Observation of particles manipulated by ultrasound in close proximity to a cone-shaped infrared spectroscopy probe. ULTRASONICS 2010; 50:240-246. [PMID: 19883932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presented investigations aimed to enhance surface sensitive infrared spectroscopy for chemical analysis by ultrasonic particle manipulation. The combination of these techniques has the potential for new measurement concepts for use in the chemical analysis of suspensions. Local increases of particle concentration brought about by ultrasound could facilitate measurements of molecular-specific infrared spectra of the suspending phase and particles independently. By changing the frequency of an ultrasonic standing wave around 2 MHz it was possible to control the position of particles in respect to the optically sensitive region of the infrared spectroscope. Results obtained with a set-up that enabled us to explore the application of an ultrasonic standing wave to push suspended particles at or into mum distances of the sensing element of an in-line fiber optic probe and subsequently retract them from there are presented. Light micrographs suggested, that the task was successfully accomplished with polystyrene beads suspended in methanol, aggregates were manipulated to and from the cut surface of the truncated, cone-shaped fibre probe tip by changes of the ultrasonic frequency between 1.85 and 1.87 MHz. Feasibility was confirmed by infrared absorption spectra recorded when PTFE particles suspended in tetrahydrofuran were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radel
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/134, A-1040 Wien, Austria.
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22
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On-line monitoring of PHB production by mixed microbial cultures using respirometry, titrimetry and chemometric modelling. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Use of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to identify microbial metabolic products on carbonate mineral surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:4553-9. [PMID: 18502924 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02936-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect microbial metabolic products on carbonate mineral surfaces. By creating an ATR-FTIR spectral database for specific organic acids using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy we were able to distinguish metabolic acids on calcite surfaces following Escherichia coli growth. The production of these acids by E. coli was verified using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. The development of this technique has allowed us to identify microbial metabolic products on carbonate surfaces in nutrient-limited cave environments.
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24
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Gelder JD, Willemse-Erix D, Scholtes MJ, Sanchez JI, Maquelin K, Vandenabeele P, Boever PD, Puppels GJ, Moens L, Vos PD. Monitoring poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production in cupriavidus necator DSM 428 (H16) with raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2155-60. [PMID: 18266340 DOI: 10.1021/ac702185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in bacteria. PHB can be formed in large amounts by certain bacteria as a storage material and is of high importance for industrial biodegradable plastic production. Raman spectra were collected from Cupriavidus necator DSM 428 (H16), from its non-PHB-producing mutant strain C. necator DSM 541, and from pure PHB, in order to determine at which Raman shifts a contribution of PHB in bacterial spectra can be expected. The Raman band intensity at ca. 1734 cm(-1) appeared to be suitable for the monitoring of PHB production and consumption. These intensities were linearly related to the PHB concentration (mg L(-1) culture) determined by parallel HPLC analysis. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy is considered as a fast and noninvasive technique for the determination and monitoring of the PHB content in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Gelder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Armenta S, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Recent developments in flow-analysis vibrational spectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Wood BR, Heraud P, Stojkovic S, Morrison D, Beardall J, McNaughton D. A portable Raman acoustic levitation spectroscopic system for the identification and environmental monitoring of algal cells. Anal Chem 2007; 77:4955-61. [PMID: 16053309 DOI: 10.1021/ac050281z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the coupling of a portable Raman spectrometer to an acoustic levitation device to enable environmental monitoring and the potential taxonomic identification of microalgae. Spectra of living cells were recorded at 785 nm using a fiber-optic probe coupled to a portable Raman spectrometer. The spectra exhibit an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and clearly show bands from chlorophyll a and beta-carotene. Spectra of levitated photobleached microalgae clearly show a reduction in chlorophyll a concentration relative to beta-carotene after 10 min of exposure to a quartz halogen lamp. Spectra recorded from levitated nitrogen-limited cells also show a significant reduction in bands associated with chlorophyll a, as compared to nitrogen-replete cells. To investigate the diagnostic capability of the technique, four species of microalgae were analyzed. Good quality spectra of all four species were obtained showing varying ratios of beta-carotene to chlorophyll. The combination of an acoustic levitation device and a portable Raman spectrometer shows potential as a taxonomic and environmental monitoring tool with direct application to field studies in remote environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Furrer P, Hany R, Rentsch D, Grubelnik A, Ruth K, Panke S, Zinn M. Quantitative analysis of bacterial medium-chain-length poly([R]-3-hydroxyalkanoates) by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:199-206. [PMID: 17223121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Standard chromatographic methods for the quantification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) proved to be inappropriate for the analysis of medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA). Transesterification catalyzed by protic acids is not quantitative for mcl-PHA under common conditions due to slow reaction kinetics and formation of side-products in case of functionalized side-chains. To circumvent these limitations, an improved method for the quantification of mcl-PHA by GC-FID was developed. Boron trifluoride in methanol was successfully applied to quantitatively methanolyse different mcl-PHA (recovery >94%). This novel method is well-suited for the analysis of purified mcl-PHA as well as for mcl-PHA in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Furrer
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomaterials, Lerchenfeldstr. 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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28
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Attenuated total reflectance infrared determination of sodium nitrilotriacetate in alkaline liquid detergents. Talanta 2006; 70:870-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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