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Song D, Lei L, Tian T, Yang X, Wang L, Li Y, Huang H. A novel strategy for identification of pesticides in different categories by concentration-independent model based on a nanozyme with multienzyme-like activities. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115458. [PMID: 37311405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional rapid detection methods are difficult to identify or distinguish various pesticide residues at the same time. And sensor arrays are also limited by the complexity of preparing multiple receptors and high cost. To address this challenge, a single material with multiple properties is considered. Herein, we first found that different categories of pesticides have diverse regulatory behaviors on the multiple catalytic activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme. Thus, a three-channel sensor array based on the laccase-like, peroxidase-like, and superoxide dismutase-like activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme was constructed and successfully used for the discrimination of eight kinds of pesticides (glyphosate, phosmet, isocarbophos, carbaryl, pentachloronitrobenzene, metsulfuron-methyl, etoxazole, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid). In addition, a concentration-independent model for qualitative identification of pesticides has been established, and 100% correctness was achieved in the recognition of unknown samples. Then, the sensor array also exhibited excellent interference immunity and was reliable for real sample analysis. It provided a reference for pesticide efficient detection and food quality supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Lulu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
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2
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Song D, Tian T, Yang X, Wang L, Sun Y, Li Y, Huang H. Smartphone-assisted sensor array constructed by copper-based laccase-like nanozymes for specific identification and discrimination of organophosphorus pesticides. Food Chem 2023; 424:136477. [PMID: 37263094 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate pesticide identification is of great importance for regulating food safety. However, the discrimination between organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and carbamate pesticides (CPs) is still a challenge for existing analytical methods based on cholinesterase inhibition. It mainly because of the similar inhibitory effect of OPs and CPs on cholinesterase. Herein, we found that OPs and CPs differentially affected nanozymes with laccase-like activity, which would be interfered by OPs in different degrees rather than CPs. Thus, we fabricated a nanozyme sensor array and successfully achieved the OPs identification and similar individual discrimination, ignoring the interference from CPs or other potential interferents (antibiotics, ions, other pesticides). On the basis of nanozyme sensor array, a portable method using smartphone was constructed and utilized to determine OPs in fruits and vegetables. This work would contribute to the development of portable sensors and the highly selective identification and discrimination of OPs in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
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Li J, Xie X, Cai J, Wang H, Yang J. Enhanced Secretory Expression and Surface Display Level of Bombyx mori Acetylcholinesterase 2 by Pichia pastoris Based on Codon Optimization Strategy for Pesticides Setection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3321-3335. [PMID: 34160750 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cholinesterase-based spectrophotometric assay, also called enzyme inhibition method, is a good choice for rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and carbamate pesticides (CPs). Obviously, the cholinesterase is the core reagent in enzyme inhibition method. In our previous work, a recombinant acetylcholinesterase 2 from Bombyx mori (rBmAChE2) was expressed in yeast successfully and exhibited great sensitivity. However, the yield of rBmAChE2 is not desirable. In this study, a codon optimization strategy was employed to enhance the yield of rBmAChE2 in Pichia pastoris GS115. Results showed that by replacing 6 key rare codons and increasing the percentage of bases G and C up to 46.85%, codon adaptation index (CAI) of Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase 2 (bmace2) gene was improved from 0.70 to 0.81. After being transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 via electroporation, the expression transformant can produce 139.7 U/mL secretory codon-optimized rBmAChE2 (opt-rBmAChE2) in the culture supernatant, 3.62 times higher than that of strain bearing the wild-type bmace2 gene. Meanwhile, opt-rBmAChE2 displayed on the yeast surface was up to 2280.02 U/g, 2.8 times higher than wild-type displayed rBmAChE2. In addition, either secretory or surface-displayed opt-rBmAChE2 maintained the similar sensitivities to the wild-type rBmAChE2 for tested inhibitors. Furthermore, the detection limits of the opt-rBmAChE2-based enzyme inhibition method for 10 kinds of OPs or CPs (0.01-2.69 mg/kg) were lower than most of the indexes present in current standard method (GB/T 5009.199-2003) or the maximum residue limits (GB 2763-2019) in China. The results might contribute to the utilization of rBmAChE2 for pesticide residue screening detection in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Bucur B, Purcarea C, Andreescu S, Vasilescu A. Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3038. [PMID: 33926034 PMCID: PMC8123588 DOI: 10.3390/s21093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic biosensors enjoy commercial success and are the subject of continued research efforts to widen their range of practical application. For these biosensors to reach their full potential, their selectivity challenges need to be addressed by comprehensive, solid approaches. This review discusses the status of enzymatic biosensors in achieving accurate and selective measurements via direct biocatalytic and inhibition-based detection, with a focus on electrochemical enzyme biosensors. Examples of practical solutions for tackling the activity and selectivity problems and preventing interferences from co-existing electroactive compounds in the samples are provided such as the use of permselective membranes, sentinel sensors and coupled multi-enzyme systems. The effect of activators, inhibitors or enzymatic substrates are also addressed by coupled enzymatic reactions and multi-sensor arrays combined with data interpretation via chemometrics. In addition to these more traditional approaches, the review discusses some ingenious recent approaches, detailing also on possible solutions involving the use of nanomaterials to ensuring the biosensors' selectivity. Overall, the examples presented illustrate the various tools available when developing enzyme biosensors for new applications and stress the necessity to more comprehensively investigate their selectivity and validate the biosensors versus standard analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bucur
- National Institute for Research and Development in Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Purcarea
- Institute of Biology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA;
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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Shi L, Yang F, Xu Y, Wang S. Expression of Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase ( DmAChE) gene splice variants in Pichia pastoris and evaluation of its sensitivity to organophosphorus pesticides. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:204-213. [PMID: 33719225 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme used to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues by the enzyme inhibition method. An accidental discovery of a mutant strain with AChE activity was made in our laboratory during the process of AChE expression by Pichia pastoris. The pPIC9K-Drosophilamelanogaster acetylcholinesterase (DmAChE)-like expression vector was constructed by codon optimization of this mutant strain, which was transformed into P. pastoris GS115, and positive clones were selected on yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) plate with G418 at 4.0 mg/mL. The GS115-pPIC9K-DmAChE-like strain was subjected to 0.5% methanol induction expression for 120 h, with a protein band at 4.3 kDa found by the tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) pattern of the fermentation supernatant. After preliminary purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the enzyme activity was detected to be 76.9 U/(mL⋅min). In addition, the pesticide sensitivity test proved that DmAChE-like is selective and sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujia Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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6
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Review of recent developments (2018–2020) on acetylcholinesterase inhibition based biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Shu H, Chen Y, Wu N. Analysis of pesticides based on immobilized housefly head acetylcholinesterase reactor with choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase carbon paste electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hun‐Chi Shu
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh‐Shih Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ning‐Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, ROC
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8
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Wang W, Wang X, Cheng N, Luo Y, Lin Y, Xu W, Du D. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pesticides detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Nagabooshanam S, Roy S, Mathur A, Mukherjee I, Krishnamurthy S, Bharadwaj LM. Electrochemical micro analytical device interfaced with portable potentiostat for rapid detection of chlorpyrifos using acetylcholinesterase conjugated metal organic framework using Internet of things. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19862. [PMID: 31882767 PMCID: PMC6934781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An Electrochemical micro Analytical Device (EµAD) was fabricated for sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in the food chain. Gold microelectrode (µE) modified with Zinc based Metal Organic Framework (MOF-Basolite Z1200) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme served as an excellent electro-analytical transducer for the detection of chlorpyrifos. Electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were performed for electrochemical analysis of the developed EµAD. The sensor needs only 2 µL of the analyte and it was tested within the linear range of 10 to 100 ng/L. The developed EµAD’s limit of detection (LoD) and sensitivity is 6 ng/L and 0.598 µ A/ng L−1/mm2 respectively. The applicability of the device for the detection of chlorpyrifos from the real vegetable sample was also tested within the range specified. The fabricated sensor showed good stability with a shelf-life of 20 days. The EµAD’s response time is of 50 s, including an incubation time of 20 s. The developed EµAD was also integrated with commercially available low-cost, handheld potentiostat (k-Stat) using Bluetooth and the results were comparable with a standard electrochemical workstation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Souradeep Roy
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Ashish Mathur
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
| | - Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Satheesh Krishnamurthy
- Nanoscale Energy and Surface Engineering, School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall Campus, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Lalit M Bharadwaj
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
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Li T, Berberich J, Sahle-Demessie E, Varughese E. A disposable acetylcholine esterase sensor for As(III) determination in groundwater matrix based on 4-acetoxyphenol hydrolysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:5203-5213. [PMID: 32021658 PMCID: PMC6997941 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of field compatible analytical method for the speciation of As(III) to characterize groundwater pollution at anthropogenic sites. To address this issue, an inhibition-based acetylcholine esterase (AchE) sensor was developed to determine As(III) in groundwater. 4-Acetoxyphenol was employed to develop an amperometric assay for AchE activity. This assay was used to guide the fabrication of an AchE sensor with screen-printed carbon electrode. An As(III) determination protocol was developed based on the pseudo-irreversible inhibition mechanism. The analysis has a dynamic range of 2-500 μM (150 - 37,500 μg L-1) for As(III). The sensor exhibited the same dynamic range and sensitivity in a synthetic groundwater matrix. The electrode was stable for at least 150 days at 22 ± 2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Jason Berberich
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Eunice Varughese
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
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Xu YL, Li FY, Ndikuryayo F, Yang WC, Wang HM. Cholinesterases and Engineered Mutants for the Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4281. [PMID: 30563111 PMCID: PMC6312092 DOI: 10.3390/s18124281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, pesticide residues constitute an increasing public health concern. Cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase, are reported to be involved in detoxification processes owing to their capability of scavenging organophosphates and carbamates. Thus, these enzymes are targeted for the discovery of sensors aiming at detecting pesticide residues. In recent years, cholinesterase-based biosensors have attracted more and more attention in the detection of pesticides. Herein, this review describes the recent progress on the engineering of cholinesterases and the development of the corresponding sensors that could be used for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Xu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Feng-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ferdinand Ndikuryayo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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12
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Shu HC, Chung SW. Analysis of Organophosphorous Pesticides Based on Housefly Acetylcholinesterase Using Sequential Injection Analysis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Chi Shu
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; Hualien 974 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Wen Chung
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; Hualien 974 Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Shahbaaz M, Kanchi S, Sabela M, Bisetty K. Structural basis of pesticide detection by enzymatic biosensing: a molecular docking and MD simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1402-1416. [PMID: 28463066 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1323673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Designing of rapid, facile, selective, and cost-effective biosensor technology is a growing area for the detection of various classes of pesticides. The biosensor with these features can be achieved only through the various bio-components using different transducers. This study, therefore, focuses on the usage of molecular docking, specificity tendencies, and capabilities of proteins for the detection of pesticides. Accordingly, the four transducers, acetylcholinesterase (ACH), cytochromes P450 (CYP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein kinase C (PKC) were selected based on their applications including neurotransmitter, metabolism, detoxification enzyme, and protein phosphorylation. Then after molecular docking of the pesticides, fenobucarb, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and parathion onto each enzyme, the conformational behavior of the most stable complexes was further analyzed using 50 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations carried out under explicit water conditions. In the case of protein kinase C (PKC) and cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme (CYP), the fenobucarb complex showed the most suitable combination of free energy of binding and inhibition constant -4.42 kcal/mol (573.73 μM) and -5.1 kcal/mol (183.49 μM), respectively. Parathion dominated for acetylcholinesterase (ACH) with -4.57 kcal/mol (448.09 μM) and lastly dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane for glutathione S-transferase (GST), -5.43 kcal/mol (103.88 μM). The RMSD variations were critical for understanding the impact of pesticides as they distinctively influence the energetic attributes of the proteins. Overall, the outcomes from the extensive analysis provide an insight into the structural features of the proteins studied, thereby highlighting their potential use as a substrate in biorecognition sensing of pesticide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahbaaz
- a Department of Chemistry , Durban University of Technology , Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Suvardhan Kanchi
- a Department of Chemistry , Durban University of Technology , Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Myalowenkosi Sabela
- a Department of Chemistry , Durban University of Technology , Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- a Department of Chemistry , Durban University of Technology , Durban 4000 , South Africa
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14
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Lutz S, Williams E, Muthu P. Engineering Therapeutic Enzymes. DIRECTED ENZYME EVOLUTION: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2017:17-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50413-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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15
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Vaux R, Schnoeller C, Berkachy R, Roberts LB, Hagen J, Gounaris K, Selkirk ME. Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Secreted Acetylcholinesterase Revealed by Heterologous Expression in Trypanosoma musculi. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005998. [PMID: 27802350 PMCID: PMC5089771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites secrete molecules which regulate the mammalian immune system, but their genetic intractability is a major impediment to identifying and characterising the biological effects of these molecules. We describe here a novel system for heterologous expression of helminth secreted proteins in the natural parasite of mice, Trypanosoma musculi, which can be used to analyse putative immunomodulatory functions. Trypanosomes were engineered to express a secreted acetylcholinesterase from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Infection of mice with transgenic parasites expressing acetylcholinesterase resulted in truncated infection, with trypanosomes cleared early from the circulation. Analysis of cellular phenotypes indicated that exposure to acetylcholinesterase in vivo promoted classical activation of macrophages (M1), with elevated production of nitric oxide and lowered arginase activity. This most likely occurred due to the altered cytokine environment, as splenocytes from mice infected with T. musculi expressing acetylcholinesterase showed enhanced production of IFNγ and TNFα, with diminished IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5. These results suggest that one of the functions of nematode secreted acetylcholinesterase may be to alter the cytokine environment in order to inhibit development of M2 macrophages which are deleterious to parasite survival. Transgenic T. musculi represents a valuable new vehicle to screen for novel immunoregulatory proteins by extracellular delivery in vivo to the murine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
| | | | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
| | | | - Jana Hagen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
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Songa EA, Okonkwo JO. Recent approaches to improving selectivity and sensitivity of enzyme-based biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides: A review. Talanta 2016; 155:289-304. [PMID: 27216686 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide determination has attracted great attention due to the fact that they exhibit high acute toxicity and can cause long-term damage to the environment and human lives even at trace levels. Although classical analytical methods (including gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) have been effectively used for analysis of pesticides in contaminated samples, they present certain limitations such as time-consuming sample preparation, complexity, and the requirement of expensive instrumentation and highly skilled personnel. For these reasons, there is an expanding need for analytical methods able to provide simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, low cost and reliable detection of pesticides at trace levels. Over the past decades, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors have emerged as simple, rapid and ultra-sensitive tools for toxicity detection of pesticides in the environment and food. These biosensors have the potential to complement or replace the classical analytical methods by simplifying or eliminating sample preparation and making field-testing easier and faster with significant decrease in cost per analysis. With the recent engineering of more sensitive AChE enzymes, the development of more reliable immobilization matrices and the progress in the area of microelectronics, AChE biosensors could become competitive for multi-analyte screening and soon be used for the development of portable instrumentation for rapid toxicity testing of samples. The enzymes organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) have also shown considerable potential in OP biosensor applications and they have been used for direct detection of OPs. This review presents the recent advances in the fabrication of enzyme biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and their possible applications for toxicity monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide residues in real samples. The focus will be on the different strategies for the biosensor construction, the analytical performance of the biosensors and the advantages and disadvantages of these biosensor methods. The recent works done to improve the analytical performance, sensitivity and selectivity of these biosensors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everlyne A Songa
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jonathan O Okonkwo
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Pohanka M, Adam V, Kizek R. An acetylcholinesterase-based chronoamperometric biosensor for fast and reliable assay of nerve agents. SENSORS 2013; 13:11498-506. [PMID: 23999806 PMCID: PMC3821328 DOI: 10.3390/s130911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important part of cholinergic nervous system, where it stops neurotransmission by hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is sensitive to inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, some Alzheimer disease drugs, secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins and nerve agents used in chemical warfare. When immobilized on a sensor (physico-chemical transducer), it can be used for assay of these inhibitors. In the experiments described herein, an AChE- based electrochemical biosensor using screen printed electrode systems was prepared. The biosensor was used for assay of nerve agents such as sarin, soman, tabun and VX. The limits of detection achieved in a measuring protocol lasting ten minutes were 7.41 × 10−12 mol/L for sarin, 6.31 × 10−12 mol/L for soman, 6.17 × 10−11 mol/L for tabun, and 2.19 × 10−11 mol/L for VX, respectively. The assay was reliable, with minor interferences caused by the organic solvents ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile. Isopropanol was chosen as suitable medium for processing lipophilic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, CZ-500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Karel English College in Brno, Sujanovo namesti 356/1, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-973-251-519; Fax: +420-495-518-094
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kirsch J, Siltanen C, Zhou Q, Revzin A, Simonian A. Biosensor technology: recent advances in threat agent detection and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8733-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Somji M, Dounin V, Muench SB, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Kerman K. Electroanalysis of amino acid substitutions in bioengineered acetylcholinesterase. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:110-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Enantioselective inhibition of immobilized acetylcholinesterase in biosensor determination of pesticides. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractChiral effects for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphorus pesticides were investigated for insecticide malathion and malaoxon, which is a metabolic product of malathion in living organisms. Studies were carried out using a bienzymatic biosensor with immobilized acetylcholinesterase, choline oxidase, and with Prussian Blue used as a mediator. In both cases the R enantiomers accelerate acetylocholinesterase inhibition. The chiral effect in inhibition was much more pronounced in fast flow measurements than in batch measurements.
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Liu S, Zheng Z, Li X. Advances in pesticide biosensors: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:63-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Anu Prathap MU, Chaurasia AK, Sawant SN, Apte SK. Polyaniline-Based Highly Sensitive Microbial Biosensor for Selective Detection of Lindane. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6672-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. U. Anu Prathap
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Shilpa N. Sawant
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - S. K. Apte
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
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Pundir CS, Chauhan N. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition-based biosensors for pesticide determination: a review. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:19-31. [PMID: 22759777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides released intentionally into the environment and through various processes contaminate the environment. Although pesticides are associated with many health hazards, there is a lack of monitoring of these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods-high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry-are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment but have certain limitations such as complexity, time-consuming sample preparation, and the requirement of expensive apparatus and trained persons to operate. Over the past decades, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition-based biosensors have emerged as simple, rapid, and ultra-sensitive tools for pesticide analysis in environmental monitoring, food safety, and quality control. These biosensors have the potential to complement or replace the classical analytical methods by simplifying or eliminating sample preparation and making field-testing easier and faster with significant decrease in cost per analysis. This article reviews the recent developments in AChE inhibition-based biosensors, which include various immobilization methods, different strategies for biosensor construction, the advantages and roles of various matrices used, analytical performance, and application methods for constructing AChE biosensors. These AChE biosensors exhibited detection limits and linearity in the ranges of 1.0×10(-11) to 42.19 μM (detection limits) and 1.0×10(-11)-1.0×10(-2) to 74.5-9.9×10(3)μM (linearity). These biosensors were stable for a period of 2 to 120days. The future prospects for the development of better AChE biosensing systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India.
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Chromogenic platform based on recombinant Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase for visible unidirectional assay of organophosphate and carbamate insecticide residues. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 720:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pérez-López B, Merkoçi A. Nanomaterials based biosensors for food analysis applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fiorella D, Cheng XR, Chan T, Kerman K. Electrochemical detection of AChE-induced gold nanostructure growth on disposable chips. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Safina G, Ludwig R, Gorton L. A simple and sensitive method for lactose detection based on direct electron transfer between immobilised cellobiose dehydrogenase and screen-printed carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roepcke CBS, Muench SB, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Schmid RD, Hauer B. Analysis of phosphorothionate pesticides using a chloroperoxidase pretreatment and acetylcholinesterase biosensor detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8748-8756. [PMID: 20614938 DOI: 10.1021/jf1013204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the nervous system. It is inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. However, this enzyme is only slightly inhibited by organophosphorothionates, which makes the detection of these pesticides analytically very difficult. A new enzymatic method for the activation and detection of phosphorothionates was developed with the capability to be used directly in food samples without the need of laborious solvent extraction steps. Chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago was combined with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and two halides. Chlorpyrifos and triazophos were completely oxidized. Fenitrothion, methidathion and parathion methyl showed conversion rates between 54 and 61%. Furthermore, the oxidized solution was submitted to an AChE biosensor assay. Chlorpyrifos spiked in organic orange juice was oxidized, where its oxon product was detected in concentrations down to 5 microg/L (final concentration food sample: 25 microg/L). The complete duration of the method takes about 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse B S Roepcke
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Dounin V, Veloso AJ, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Kerman K. Disposable electrochemical printed gold chips for the analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 669:63-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition for insecticides, nerve agents and aflatoxin B1 detection (review). Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Electrochemical biosensor for pesticides based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized on polyaniline deposited on vertically assembled carbon nanotubes wrapped with ssDNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2772-7. [PMID: 19269805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for the determination of pesticides: methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos, two of the most commonly used organophosphorous insecticides in vegetable crops, is described. The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) wrapped by thiol terminated single strand oligonucleotide (ssDNA) on gold was utilized to prepare nano size polyaniline matrix for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme immobilization. The key step of this biosensor was AChE-acetylcholine enzymatic reaction which causes the small changes of local pH in the vicinity of an electrode surface. The pesticides were determined through inhibition of enzyme reaction. The dynamic range for the determination of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos was found to be in between 1.0x10(-11) and 1.0x10(-6) M (0.6<SD<3.5) with good reproducibility and stability. The detection limit of the biosensor for both pesticides was found to be 1x10(-12) M. The biosensor has been applied for the determination of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos in spiked river water samples.
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A review of the use of genetically engineered enzymes in electrochemical biosensors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen H, Zuo X, Su S, Tang Z, Wu A, Song S, Zhang D, Fan C. An electrochemical sensor for pesticide assays based on carbon nanotube-enhanced acetycholinesterase activity. Analyst 2008; 133:1182-6. [PMID: 18709192 DOI: 10.1039/b805334k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been urgent demand for rapid, sensitive and cost-effective pesticide assay technologies due to the global attention of environmental and food-safety problems. Acetycholinesterase (AChE)-based electrochemical sensors have attracted significant interest toward this goal. In this contribution, we introduced multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into our sensor design, where they played dual enhancement roles; first is that MWNTs loaded on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes significantly increase surface areas, facilitating the electrochemical polymerization of prussian blue (PB), a redox mediator for the electrochemical oxidation of the enzymatic product, thiocholine (TCh). Second, MWNTs enhance the enzymatic activity of AChE, as manifested by the decreased Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)). As a result of these two important enhancement factors offered by MWNTs, our electrochemical pesticide sensor exhibited rapid response and high sensitivity toward the detection of a series of pesticides. Moreover, we demonstrated that this sensor was stable, reproducible and selective enough for detection in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haode Chen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Proctor CH. A simple definition of detection limit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1198/108571108x273476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ishii A, Takeda S, Hattori S, Sueoka K, Mukasa K. Ultrasensitive detection of organophosphate insecticides by carbon nanotube field-effect transistor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu S, Yuan L, Yue X, Zheng Z, Tang Z. Recent Advances in Nanosensors for Organophosphate Pesticide Detection. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8831(08)60910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nagatani N, Takeuchi A, Anwar Hossain M, Yuhi T, Endo T, Kerman K, Takamura Y, Tamiya E. Rapid and sensitive visual detection of residual pesticides in food using acetylcholinesterase-based disposable membrane chips. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tudorache M, Bala C. Biosensors based on screen-printing technology, and their applications in environmental and food analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:565-78. [PMID: 17453176 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes scientific research activity on biosensors, especially screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors. The basic configurations of biosensors based on screen-printing technology are discussed and different procedures for immobilization of the biorecognition component are reviewed. Theoretical aspects are exemplified by practical environmental and food-analysis applications of screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Tudorache
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd. Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest-3, Romania
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Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Xu S, Wu A, Chen H, Xie Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang D. Production of a novel recombinant Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase for detection of organophosphate and carbamate insecticide residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 24:253-61. [PMID: 17222583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel recombinant Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase (R-DmAChE) produced in Pichia pastoris was first reported in this study. We cloned the DmAChE cDNA by reverse transcription PCR with removal of the signal for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment and the endogenous signal peptide coding sequence, and inserted it into P. pastoris vector pPIC9K under control of the alcohol oxidase gene AOX1 promoter (5'AOX1). The expression cassette of AChE cDNA was then introduced into methylotrophic yeast GS115 and several recombinant strains expressing R-DmAChE were obtained. The secreted R-DmAChE showed high stability in neutral phosphate buffer at 4 degrees C, and its kinetic parameters were identical to those of the native DmAChE. The bimolecular rate constants of R-DmAChE to dichlorvos, aldicarb and carbaryl were ranging from three to six times higher than of native DmAChE. Within six insecticides, the R-DmAChE was more sensitive than EeAChE, NbAChE and HuAChE. For 10 widely used insecticides, the IC50 values to the R-DmAChE were much lower than those to AChEs commonly used in China. With the R-DmAChE-based assay, samples spiked with three concentrations of pesticides caused enzymatic activity inhibition with R.S.D. of 0-13.7%. These results suggest that the R-DmAChE can be useful for detection of organophosphate and carbamate insecticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songci Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
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Somerset VS, Klink MJ, Sekota MMC, Baker PGL, Iwuoha EI. Polyaniline‐Mercaptobenzothiazole Biosensor for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600713834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Andreescu S, Marty JL. Twenty years research in cholinesterase biosensors: From basic research to practical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1-15. [PMID: 16443390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, cholinesterase (ChE) biosensors have emerged as an ultra sensitive and rapid technique for toxicity analysis in environmental monitoring, food and quality control. These systems have the potential to complement or replace the classical analytical methods by simplifying or eliminating sample preparation protocols and making field testing easier and faster with significant decrease in costs per analysis. Over the years, engineering of more sensitive ChE enzymes, development of more reliable immobilization protocols and progress in the area of microelectronics could allow ChE biosensors to be competitive for field analysis and extend their applications to multianalyte screening, development of small, portable instrumentations for rapid toxicity testing, and detectors in chromatographic systems. In this paper, we will review the research efforts over the last 20 years in fabricating AChE biosensors and the recent trends and challenges encounter once the sensor is used outside research laboratory for in situ real sample applications. The review will discuss the generations of cholinesterase sensors with their advantages and limitations, the existing electrode configurations and fabrication techniques and their applications for toxicity monitoring. We will focus on low-cost electrochemical sensors and the approaches used for enzyme immobilization. Recent works for achieving high sensitivity and selectivity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY-13699-5810, USA
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Richter S, Nieveler J, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Schmid RD. High yield production of a mutantNippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase inPichia pastoris and its purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:1017-22. [PMID: 16302258 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mutant M301A of the acetylcholinesterase B from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NbAChE) was produced in a high-cell-density fermentation of a recombinant methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Dissolved oxygen (DO) spikes were used as an indicator for feeding the carbon source. Wet cell weight (WCW) reached after 8 days a maximum value of 316 g/L and the OD600 at this time was 280. The acetylcholinesterase activity increased up to 6,600 U/mL corresponding to an expression rate of 2 g of NbAChE per liter supernatant. The specific activity of the mutant NbAChE was determined after purification as 3,300 U/mg. Active site titration with chlorpyrifos, a strong AChE inhibitor, yielded in a specific activity of 3,400 U/mg. The enzyme was secreted by Pichia pastoris. Therefore, it could be concentrated from culture broth by cross-flow-filtration (50 kDa cut-off membrane). It was further purified in one-step anion-exchange chromatography, using a XK 50/20 column filled with 125 mL Q Sepharose HP. Mutant NbAChE was purified 1.9-fold up to a purity of 97% and a yield of 87%. The isolated enzyme was nearly homogenous, as seen on the silver stained SDS-PAGE as well as by a single peak after gel filtration. This extraordinary high expression rate and the ease of purification is an important prerequisite for their practical application, for example in biosensors for the detection of neurotoxic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Richter
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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