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Hrichi H, Kouki N, Elkanzi NAA. Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of the Antipsychotic Drug Clozapine and Its Major Metabolites: A Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae016. [PMID: 38576210 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ), a second-generation antipsychotic, can effectively reduce schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression symptoms. This review provides an overview of all reported chromatographic methods (62 references) for the quantification of CLZ and its two main metabolites, norclozapine and clozapine N-oxide in pharmaceutical formulations, biological matrices and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Hrichi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Kouki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Salomón-Flores MK, Viviano-Posadas AO, García-Eleno MA, Barroso-Flores J, Martínez-Otero D, Dorazco-González A. Chemosensing of neurotransmitters with selectivity and naked eye detection of l-DOPA based on fluorescent Zn(ii)-terpyridine bearing boronic acid complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4255-4269. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new range of fluorescent Zn(ii)-terpyridine complexes are described and studied in-depth as chemosensors for catecholamine-based neurotransmitters in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J. Bazany-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- Mexico
| | - María K. Salomón-Flores
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- Mexico
| | | | - Marco A. García-Eleno
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable CCIQS UAEM-UNAM
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
- Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5
- Toluca
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable
- UAEM-UNAM
- Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable
- UAEM-UNAM
- Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- Mexico
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Jung-Klawitter S, Kuseyri Hübschmann O. Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism-From Past to Future. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080867. [PMID: 31405045 PMCID: PMC6721669 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation belong to the rare inborn errors of metabolism. They are caused by monogenic variants in the genes encoding the proteins involved in (1) neurotransmitter biosynthesis (like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)), (2) in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor biosynthesis (GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), sepiapterin reductase (SPR)) and recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)), or (3) in co-chaperones (DNAJC12). Clinically, they present early during childhood with a lack of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and its products norepinephrine and epinephrine. Classical symptoms include autonomous dysregulations, hypotonia, movement disorders, and developmental delay. Therapy is predominantly based on supplementation of missing cofactors or neurotransmitter precursors. However, diagnosis is difficult and is predominantly based on quantitative detection of neurotransmitters, cofactors, and precursors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and blood. This review aims at summarizing the diverse analytical tools routinely used for diagnosis to determine quantitatively the amounts of neurotransmitters and cofactors in the different types of samples used to identify patients suffering from these rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bongaerts J, De Bundel D, Mangelings D, Smolders I, Vander Heyden Y, Van Eeckhaut A. Sensitive targeted methods for brain metabolomic studies in microdialysis samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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LC–MS/MS Determination of Catecholamines in Urine Using FMOC-Cl Derivatization on Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridge. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Forgacsova A, Galba J, Garruto RM, Majerova P, Katina S, Kovac A. A novel liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for determination of neurotransmitters in brain tissue: Application to human tauopathies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1073:154-162. [PMID: 29275172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, small molecules widely distributed in the central nervous system are essential in transmitting electrical signals across neurons via chemical communication. Dysregulation of these chemical signaling molecules is linked to numerous neurological diseases including tauopathies. In this study, a precise and reliable liquid chromatography method was established with tandem mass spectrometry detection for the simultaneous determination of aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, pyroglutamic acid, acetylcholine and choline in human brain tissue. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of human brain tissues from three different tauopathies; corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. Neurotransmitters were analyzed on ultra-high performance chromatography (UHPLC) using an ethylene bridged hybrid amide column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Identification and quantification of neurotransmitters was carried out by ESI+ mass spectrometry detection. We optimized sample preparation to achieve simple and fast extraction of all nine analytes. Our method exhibited an excellent linearity for all analytes (all coefficients of determination >0.99), with inter-day and intra-day precision yielding relative standard deviations 3.2%-11.2% and an accuracy was in range of 92.6%-104.3%. The present study, using the above method, is the first to demonstrate significant alterations of brain neurotransmitters caused by pathological processes in the brain tissues of patient with three different tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Forgacsova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Anthropology, Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA; Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanislav Katina
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic; AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Li S, Klencsár B, Balcaen L, Cuyckens F, Lynen F, Vanhaecke F. Quantitative Metabolite Profiling of an Amino Group Containing Pharmaceutical in Human Plasma via Precolumn Derivatization and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1907-1915. [PMID: 28050907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of the candidate drug molecule and its metabolites in biofluids and tissues is an inevitable step in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Because of the time-consuming and expensive nature of the current standard technique for quantitative metabolite profiling, i.e., radiolabeling followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radiodetection, the development of alternative methodologies is of great interest. In this work, a simple, fast, sensitive, and accurate method for the quantitative metabolite profiling of an amino group containing drug (levothyroxine) and its metabolites in human plasma, based on precolumn derivatization followed by HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), was developed and validated. To introduce a suitable "heteroelement" (defined here as an element that is detectable with ICPMS), an inexpensive and commercially available reagent, tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) was used for the derivatization of free NH2-groups. The presence of a known number of I atoms in both the drug molecule and its metabolites enabled a cross-validation of the newly developed derivatization procedure and quantification based on monitoring of the introduced Br. The formation of the derivatives was quantitative, providing a 4:1 stoichiometric Br/NH2 ratio. The derivatives were separated via reversed-phase HPLC with gradient elution. Bromine was determined via ICPMS at a mass-to-charge ratio of 79 using H2 as a reaction gas to ensure interference-free detection, and iodine was determined at a mass-to-charge ratio of 127 for cross-validation purposes. The method developed shows a fit-for-purpose accuracy (recovery between 85% and 115%) and precision (repeatability <15% RSD). The limit of quantification (LoQ) for Br was approximately 100 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanwang Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Balázs Klencsár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Balcaen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Janssen R&D , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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TODOROKI K, YANAGO K, YOSHIDA H, NOHTA H, YAMAGUCHI M. Selective HPLC Analysis of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Exciplex Fluorescence Phenomenon. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko YANAGO
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | | | - Hitoshi NOHTA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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9
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Akula KK, Chandrasekaran B, Kaur M, Kulkarni SK. Development and Validation of a Specific RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Rat Brain Tissue Samples Using Benzoyl Chloride Derivatization and PDA Detection. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Simultaneous quantification of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine by capillary electrophoresis with quantum dot and horseradish peroxidase enhanced chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Gore AH, Kale MB, Anbhule PV, Patil SR, Kolekar GB. A novel FRET probe for selective and sensitive determination of vitamin B12by functionalized CdS QDs in aqueous media: applications to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Pradhan T, Jung HS, Jang JH, Kim TW, Kang C, Kim JS. Chemical sensing of neurotransmitters. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4684-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the chemosensors for neurotransmitters published for the last 12 years, covering biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine and acetylcholine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine and tyrosine), and adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology
- and Department of Chemistry
| | - Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Joo Hee Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- The East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Chulhun Kang
- The East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
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13
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Park NH, Hong JY, Shin HJ, Hong J. Comprehensive profiling analysis of bioamines and their acidic metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with selective derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:234-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Liquid chromatographic methods for the quantification of catecholamines and their metabolites in several biological samples—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:12-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Chen G, Li J, Zhang S, Song C, Li G, Sun Z, Suo Y, You J. A sensitive and efficient method to systematically detect two biophenols in medicinal herb, herbal products and rat plasma based on thorough study of derivatization and its convenient application to pharmacokinetics with semi-automated device. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Seto D, Maki T, Soh N, Nakano K, Ishimatsu R, Imato T. A simple and selective fluorometric assay for dopamine using a calcein blue–Fe2+ complex fluorophore. Talanta 2012; 94:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Song C, Zhang C, Li G, Zhang X, Chen G, You J. Highly selective and sensitive determination of free and total amino acids inApocynum venetumL. (Luobuma tea) by a developed HPLC–FLD method coupled with pre-column fluorescent labelling. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:170-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.610780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Sakaguchi Y, Yoshida H, Hayama T, Itoyama M, Todoroki K, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Selective liquid-chromatographic determination of native fluorescent biogenic amines in human urine based on fluorous derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5581-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Selective determination of cysteines through precolumn double-labeling and liquid chromatography followed by detection of intramolecular FRET. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Todoroki K, Yoshida H, Hayama T, Itoyama M, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Highly sensitive and selective derivatization-LC method for biomolecules based on fluorescence interactions and fluorous separations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 879:1325-37. [PMID: 21190905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence derivatization LC method is a powerful tool for the analysis with high sensitivity and selectivity of biological compounds. In this review, we introduce new types of fluorescence derivatization LC analysis methods. These are (1) detection-selective derivatization methods based on fluorescence interactions generated from fluorescently labeled analytes: excimer fluorescence derivatization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) derivatization; (2) separation-selective derivatization methods using the fluorous separation technique: fluorous derivatization, F-trap fluorescence derivatization, and fluorous scavenging derivatization (FSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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21
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Determination of dansylated monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters and their metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 396:103-11. [PMID: 19751698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The determination of neurotransmitters (NTs) and their metabolites facilitates better understanding of complex neurobiology in the central nervous system disorders and has expanding uses in many other fields. We present a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) method for the quantification of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), vanillymandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamate (Glu), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The NTs and their metabolites were dansylated and analyzed by an LC gradient on a C18 column on-line with a tandem mass spectrometer. This method exhibited excellent linearity for all of the analytes with regression coefficients higher than 0.99. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) values for DA, DOPAC, HVA, NE, VMA, MHPG, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, Glu, and GABA were 0.57, 0.37, 0.35, 0.40, 0.35, 0.91, 0.27, 0.43, 0.65, and 1.62 pmol/ml, respectively. The precision results were expressed as coefficients of variation (CVs), ranging from 1.5% to 13.6% for intraassay and from 2.9% to 13.7% for the interassay. This novel LC-ESI/MS/MS approach is precise, highly sensitive, specific, and sufficiently simple. It can provide an alternative method for the quantification of the NTs and their metabolites in human plasma.
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22
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Iwasaki Y, Saito Y, Nakano Y, Mochizuki K, Sakata O, Ito R, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of glutathione in biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3309-17. [PMID: 19620027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological thiol compounds are classified into high-molecular-mass protein thiols and low-molecular-mass free thiols. Endogenous low-molecular-mass thiol compounds, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its corresponding disulfide, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are very important molecules that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GSH plays an essential role in protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress and GSSG can be converted into the reduced form by action of glutathione reductase. Measurement of GSH and GSSG is a useful indicator of oxidative stress and disease risk. Many publications have reported successful determination of GSH and GSSG in biological samples. In this article, we review newly developed techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for identifying GSH bound to proteins, or for localizing GSH in bound or free forms at specific sites in organs and in cellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iwasaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Zhao S, Huang Y, Shi M, Liu YM. Quantification of biogenic amines by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5155-9. [PMID: 19447398 PMCID: PMC2704608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive microchip electrophoresis (MCE) method with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the determination of biogenic amines including agmatine (Agm), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), tyramine, and histamine in human urine samples. To achieve a high assay sensitivity, the targeted analytes were pre-column labeled by a CL tagging reagent, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI). ABEI-tagged biogenic amines after MCE separation reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), producing CL emission. Since no CL reagent was added to the running buffer, the background of the CL detection was extremely low, resulting in a significant improvement in detection sensitivity. Detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range from 5.9x10(-8) to 7.7x10(-8) M for the biogenic amines tested, which were at least 10 times lower than those of the MCE-CL methods previously reported. Separation of a urine sample on a 7 cm glass/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip channel was completed within 3 min. Analysis of human urine samples found that the levels of Agm, E and DA were in the ranges of 2.61x10(-7) to 4.30x10(-7) M, 0.81x10(-7) to 1.12x10(-7) M, and 8.76x10(-7) to 11.21x10(-7) M (n=4), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 51004, China
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Sakaguchi Y, Yoshida H, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Separation-Oriented Derivatization of Native Fluorescent Compounds through Fluorous Labeling Followed by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorous-Phase. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5039-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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25
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Sasaki T, Fukushima T, Ohishi M, Toyo'oka T. Development of a 6-hydroxychroman-based derivatization reagent: application to the analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamines by using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:888-99. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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Nucci NV, Scott JN, Vanderkooi JM. Coupling of complex aromatic ring vibrations to solvent through hydrogen bonds: effect of varied on-ring and off-ring hydrogen-bonding substitutions. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4022-35. [PMID: 18331017 DOI: 10.1021/jp0758770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the coupling of a complex ring vibration to solvent through hydrogen-bonding interactions. We compare phenylalanine, tyrosine, l-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and hydroxyl-dl-dopa, a group of physiologically important small molecules that vary by single differences in H-bonding substitution. By examination of the temperature dependence of infrared absorptions of these molecules, we show that complex, many-atom vibrations can be coupled to solvent through hydrogen bonds and that the extent of that coupling is dependent on the degree of both on- and off-ring H-bonding substitution. The coupling is seen as a temperature-dependent frequency shift in infrared spectra, but the determination of the physical origin of that shift is based on additional data from temperature-dependent optical experiments and ab initio calculations. The optical experiments show that these small molecules are most sensitive to their immediate H-bonding environment rather than to bulk solvent properties. Ab initio calculations demonstrate H-bond-mediated vibrational coupling for the system of interest and also show that the overall small molecule solvent dependence is determined by a complex interplay of specific interactions and bulk solvation characteristics. Our findings indicate that a full understanding of biomolecule vibrational properties must include consideration of explicit hydrogen-bonding interactions with the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel V Nucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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27
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Yoshitake M, Nohta H, Ogata S, Todoroki K, Yoshida H, Yoshitake T, Yamaguchi M. Liquid chromatography method for detecting native fluorescent bioamines in urine using post-column derivatization and intramolecular FRET detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 858:307-12. [PMID: 17851146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection is described for simultaneous determination of native fluorescent bioamines (indoleamines and catecholamines). This is based on intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in an LC system following post-column derivatization of native fluorescent bioamines' amino groups with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA). OPA fluorescence was achieved through an intramolecular FRET process when the molecules were excited at maximum excitation wavelength of the native fluorescent bioamines. Bioamines separated by reversed-phase LC on ODS column were derivatized with OPA and 2-mercaptoethanol. This method provides sufficient selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of normetanephrine, dopamine, tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine, and tryptophan in healthy human urine without prior sample purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yoshitake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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28
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Yoshitake M, Sejima N, Yoshida H, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Selective Determination of Tryptophan-containing Peptides through Precolumn Derivatization and Liquid Chromatography Using Intramolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Detection. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:949-53. [PMID: 17690426 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive fluorometric determination method for native fluorescent peptides has been developed. This method is based on intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection in a liquid chromatography (LC) system following precolumn derivatization of the amino groups of tryptophan (Trp)-containing peptides. In this detection process, we monitored the FRET from the native fluorescent Trp moieties (donor) to the derivatized fluorophore (acceptor). From a screening study involving 10 fluorescent reagents, we found that o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) generated FRET most effectively. The OPA derivatives of the native fluorescent peptides emitted OPA fluorescence (445 nm) through an intramolecular FRET process when they were excited at the excitation maximum wavelength of the Trp-containing peptides (280 nm). The generation of FRET was confirmed through comparison with the analysis of a non-fluorescent peptide (C-reactive protein fragment (77 - 82)) performed using LC and a three-dimensional fluorescence detection system. We were able to separate the OPA derivatives of the Trp-containing peptides when performing LC on a reversed-phase column. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for the Trp-containing peptides, at a 20-microL injection volume, were 41 - 180 fmol. The sensitivity of the intramolecular FRET-forming derivatization method is higher than that of the system that takes advantage of the conventional detection of OPA derivatives. Moreover, native non-fluorescent amines and peptides in the sample monitored at FRET detection are weaker than those of conventional fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yoshitake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Yoshida H, Kido F, Yoshitake M, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Determination of Catecholamines and Indoleamines in Human Urine Based on Intramolecular Excimer-forming Derivatization and Fluorescence Detection. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:485-8. [PMID: 17420557 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of catecholamines and indoleamines is described. This is based on intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization with 4-(1-pyrene)butanoyl chloride, followed by reversed-phase LC. The analytes, containing an amino moiety and phenolic hydroxyl moieties in a molecule, were converted to the corresponding polypyrene-labeled derivatives by one-step derivatization. They afforded intramolecular excimer fluorescence, which can clearly be discriminated from the normal fluorescence emitted from reagent blanks. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for catecholamines and indoleamines were femto-mole levels per 20-microL injection. Furthermore, this method was applied to a urine assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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30
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YOSHIDA H, NOHTA H, YAMAGUCHI M. Highly Selective Derivatization Method Based on Intramolecular Excimer-Forming Fluorescence. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoshi NOHTA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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