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Zhang X, Su Z, Zhao Y, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. Recent advances of nanopore technique in single cell analysis. Analyst 2024; 149:1350-1363. [PMID: 38312056 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Single cells and their dynamic behavior are closely related to biological research. Monitoring their dynamic behavior is of great significance for disease prevention. How to achieve rapid and non-destructive monitoring of single cells is a major issue that needs to be solved urgently. As an emerging technology, nanopores have been proven to enable non-destructive and label-free detection of single cells. The structural properties of nanopores enable a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy during analysis. In this article, we summarize and classify the different types of solid-state nanopores that can be used for single-cell detection and illustrate their specific applications depending on the size of the analyte. In addition, their research progress in material transport and microenvironment monitoring is also highlighted. Finally, a brief summary of existing research challenges and future trends in nanopore single-cell analysis is tentatively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Li Y, Zhu X, Ding J, Qin W. Robust Potentiometric Microelectrodes for In Situ Sensing of Ion Fluxes with High Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18754-18759. [PMID: 37989258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple, reproducible, and reliable preparation of robust potentiometric microelectrodes is both challenging and of great importance for noninvasive real-time ion sensing. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the large-scale synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanowire arrays grown on carbon fibers for potentiometric microelectrodes. The highly uniform NiCo2S4 nanowire array serving as a transduction layer can provide a high capillary pressure and viscous resistance for loading the ion sensing membrane and exhibit a large redox capacitance for improving the stability. An all-solid-state lead-selective microelectrode, which presents a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M in the simulated soil solution, was designed as a model for noninvasive, in situ, and real-time detection of ion fluxes near the rice root surface. Importantly, the microsensor enables sensitive detection of trace-level ion-fluxes. This work provides a simple yet general strategy for designing potentiometric microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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Micro- and nano-devices for electrochemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElectrode miniaturization has profoundly revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing, opening up unprecedented opportunities for probing biological events with a high spatial and temporal resolution, integrating electrochemical systems with microfluidics, and designing arrays for multiplexed sensing. Several technological issues posed by the desire for downsizing have been addressed so far, leading to micrometric and nanometric sensing systems with different degrees of maturity. However, there is still an endless margin for researchers to improve current strategies and cope with demanding sensing fields, such as lab-on-a-chip devices and multi-array sensors, brain chemistry, and cell monitoring. In this review, we present current trends in the design of micro-/nano-electrochemical sensors and cutting-edge applications reported in the last 10 years. Micro- and nanosensors are divided into four categories depending on the transduction mechanism, e.g., amperometric, impedimetric, potentiometric, and transistor-based, to best guide the reader through the different detection strategies and highlight major advancements as well as still unaddressed demands in electrochemical sensing.
Graphical Abstract
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Zhang M, Qu Y, Li D, Liu X, Niu Y, Xu Y. To Love and to Kill: Accurate and Selective Colorimetry for Both Chloride and Mercury Ions Regulated by Electro-Synthesized Oxidase-like SnTe Nanobelts. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10132-10140. [PMID: 34255490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, SnTe nanobelts (NBs) with efficient oxidase-mimetic activity were synthesized by the simple electrochemical exfoliation method. A specific inhibition effect of Cl- on the enzymatic behavior of the pure SnTe NBs was discovered, which was accordingly used for establishing a highly feasible, sensitive, selective, and stable Cl- colorimetric assay. The detection concentration range was 50 nM to 1 mM, and the lowest detection limit was 20 nM for Cl-. In addition, a signal on-off-on route based on the SnTe NB nanozyme was designed to realize the reliable and specific detection of Hg2+. Therein, the SnTe NBs were grafted with gold nanoparticles to form a hybrid of SnTe/Au, resulting in the depression of the oxidase-like activity, which can then be recovered in the presence of the Hg2+ due to the formation of a gold amalgam. Especially, it was found that the high concentration of Cl- over 3 mM could again exert suppression influence toward the enzymatic activity of the SnTe/Au-Hg system. Based on the to-love-and-to-kill interaction between Cl- and Hg2+, the detection range for Cl- can be extended to 40 to 250 mM. In return, the assays of Cl- could avoid in advance its interference toward the accurate Hg2+ assays. We systematically clarified the oxidase-like catalytic mechanism of the SnTe-derived nanozyme systems. The as-proposed colorimetry can be successfully applied in practical samples including the sweat, human serum, or seawater/tap water, relating to cystic fibrosis, hyper-/hypochloremia, or environmental control, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Danxia Li
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangyong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yusheng Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.,Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Bahl S, Bagha AK, Rab S, Javaid M, Haleem A, Singh RP. Advancements in Biosensor Technologies for Medical Field and COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2424862221500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
World health organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern and then as a pandemic on 30th of January and 11th of March 2020, respectively. After such concern, the world scientific communities have rushed to search for solutions to bring down the disease’s spread, fast-paced vaccine development, and associated medical research using modern technologies. Biosensor technologies play a crucial role in diagnosing various medical diseases, including COVID-19. The present paper describes the major advancement of biosensor-based technological solutions for medical diagnosis, including COVID-19. This review-based work covers the biosensors and their working principles in the context of medical applications. The paper also discusses different biosensors and their applications to tackle medical issues, including this ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bahl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Hoshiarpur Campus, Hoshiarpur 146001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Bagha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
| | - Shanay Rab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Javaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abid Haleem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
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Gold Nanoframe Array Electrode for Straightforward Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructuring of a sensing membrane is performed through colloidal nanosphere lithography (NSL) techniques with a tiny polystyrene nanobead template 100 nm in size. The solvent ratio adjustment has been proven to be effective in assisting the monolayer deposition of small templating particles with minimal defects. Two distinct structures, namely, a billowy gold nanostructure (BGN) where the nanobead template is left unetched and a gold nanoframe array (GNA) with a regular ring-like structure after template removal, are used for the extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) electrodes. The GNA structure generates an electroactive surface area significantly (~20%) larger than its geometrical area as well as a greater surface roughness than the BGN. When integrated with the portable constant voltage–constant current (CVCC) FET circuitry for pH screening to determine the optimized measurement conditions for H2O2 sensing, the GNA sensing membrane also shows more improved Nernstian sensitivity at ~50 mV/pH than the BGN electrode. The more optimized sensitivity is then proven using the GNA in the detection of H2O2, the most common representative reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the environment, food, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson´s and Alzheimer´s diseases. The GNA electrode has a sensitivity of 70.42 mV/log µM [H2O2] and a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.183 µM H2O2. The integrated ion sensing system employing unique, highly ordered gold array gate electrodes and a portable CVCC circuit system has shown a stable real-time output voltage signal, representing an alternative to bulky conventional FET devices for potential on-site H2O2 detection.
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Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4405-4465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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Pérez-Mitta G, Toimil-Molares ME, Trautmann C, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Molecular Design of Solid-State Nanopores: Fundamental Concepts and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901483. [PMID: 31267585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores are fascinating objects that enable the development of specific and efficient chemical and biological sensors, as well as the investigation of the physicochemical principles ruling the behavior of biological channels. The great variety of biological nanopores that nature provides regulates not only the most critical processes in the human body, including neuronal communication and sensory perception, but also the most important bioenergetic process on earth: photosynthesis. This makes them an exhaustless source of inspiration toward the development of more efficient, selective, and sophisticated nanopore-based nanofluidic devices. The key point responsible for the vibrant and exciting advance of solid nanopore research in the last decade has been the simultaneous combination of advanced fabrication nanotechnologies to tailor the size, geometry, and application of novel and creative approaches to confer the nanopore surface specific functionalities and responsiveness. Here, the state of the art is described in the following critical areas: i) theory, ii) nanofabrication techniques, iii) (bio)chemical functionalization, iv) construction of nanofluidic actuators, v) nanopore (bio)sensors, and vi) commercial aspects. The plethora of potential applications once envisioned for solid-state nanochannels is progressively and quickly materializing into new technologies that hold promise to revolutionize the everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-Mitta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Messerli MA, Sarkar A. Advances in Electrochemistry for Monitoring Cellular Chemical Flux. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4984-5002. [PMID: 31057100 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport of organic and inorganic molecules, along with inorganic ions across the plasma membrane results in chemical fluxes that reflect the cellular function in healthy and diseased states. Measurement of these chemical fluxes enables the characterization of protein function and transporter stoichiometry, characterization of a single cell and embryo viability prior to implantation, and screening of pharmaceutical agents. Electrochemical sensors emerge as sensitive and non-invasive tools for measuring chemical fluxes immediately outside the cells in the boundary layer, that are capable of monitoring a diverse range of transported analytes including inorganic ions, gases, neurotransmitters, hormones, and pharmaceutical agents. Used on their own or in combination with other methods, these sensors continue to expand our understanding of the function of rare cells and small tissues. Advances in sensor construction and detection strategies continue to improve sensitivity under physiological conditions, diversify analyte detection, and increase throughput. These advances will be discussed in the context of addressing technical challenges to measuring chemical flux in the boundary layer of cells and measuring the resultant changes to the chemical concentration in the bulk media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. United States
| | - Anyesha Sarkar
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. United States
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12
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Wang Y, Shan X, Tao N. Emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:9-39. [PMID: 27722354 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry studies charge transfer and related processes at various microscopic structures (atomic steps, islands, pits and kinks on electrodes), and mesoscopic materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, viruses, vesicles and cells) made by nature and humans, involving ions and molecules. The traditional approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of these individual entities, including the microstructures, mesoscopic materials, ions and molecules. There is a need to develop tools to study single entities because a real system is usually heterogeneous, e.g., containing nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. Even in the case of "homogeneous" molecules, they bind to different microscopic structures of an electrode, assume different conformations and fluctuate over time, leading to heterogeneous reactions. Here we highlight some emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide personal views on the need for tools with new capabilities for further advancing single entity electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Qian Y, Zhu J, Li Y. Single Cylindrical Nanopore Electrodes: Surface Functionalization, Unusual Voltammetry, and Size-Exclusion Properties. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
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Biomimetic Mineralization of Gold Nanoclusters as Multifunctional Thin Films for Glass Nanopore Modification, Characterization, and Sensing. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7886-7892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim YS, Ha Y, Sim J, Suh M, Lee Y. Location-dependent sensing of nitric oxide and calcium ions in living rat kidney using an amperometric/potentiometric dual microsensor. Analyst 2015; 141:297-304. [PMID: 26606650 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the fabrication of a dual microsensor for sensing nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ions (Ca(2+)) and its application for simultaneous NO/Ca(2+) measurements in living rat kidney tissue. NO and Ca(2+) have very important physiological functions and are both intricately involved in many biological processes. The dual NO/Ca(2+) sensor is prepared based on a dual recessed electrode possessing Pt (diameter, 25 μm) and Ag (diameter, 76 μm) microdisks. The Pt disk surface (WE1) is electrodeposited with porous Pt black and then coated with fluorinated xerogel; and used for amperometric sensing of NO. The Ag disk surface (WE2) is chloridated to AgCl, followed by silanization and then Ca(2+) selective membrane loading; and used for potentiometric sensing of Ca(2+). The dual sensor exhibits high sensitivity of WE1 to NO (40.8 ± 6.5 pA μM(-1), n = 10) and reliable Nerntian response of WE2 to Ca(2+) changes (25.7 ± 0.5 mV pCa(-1), n = 10) with excellent selectivity to only NO and Ca(2+) over common interferents and reliable stability (up to ∼4 h tissue experiment). The prepared sensor is employed for real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes of NO and Ca(2+) levels of a rat kidney, which is induced by the administration of 10 mM l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor). Due to the small sensor dimension, location-dependent analyses of NO and Ca(2+) are carried out at two different regions of a kidney (renal medulla and cortex). Higher NO and Ca(2+) levels are observed at the medulla than at the cortex. This study verifies the feasibility for real-time monitoring of intimately connected Ca(2+) and endogenous NO production; and also for localized concentration assessments of both NO and Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Seul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
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Chu J, Zhao Y, Li SH, Yu HQ, Liu G, Tian YC. An Integrated Solid-State pH Microelectrode Prepared Using Microfabrication. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xie X, Zhai J, Bakker E. Potentiometric Response from Ion-Selective Nanospheres with Voltage-Sensitive Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16465-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Inorganic,
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Department of Inorganic,
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic,
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Su M, Liu H, Ge L, Wang Y, Ge S, Yu J, Yan M. Aptamer-Based electrochemiluminescent detection of MCF-7 cancer cells based on carbon quantum dots coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Kececi K, Mirkin MV, Mani V, Sardesai N, Rusling JF. Resistive-pulse measurements with nanopipettes: detection of Au nanoparticles and nanoparticle-bound anti-peanut IgY. Chem Sci 2013; 4:655-663. [PMID: 23991282 PMCID: PMC3753817 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have been widely employed in sensing applications from Coulter counters to DNA sequencing devices. The analytical signal in such experiments is the change in ionic current flowing through the orifice caused by the large molecule or nanoparticle translocation through the pore. Conceptually similar nanopipette-based sensors can offer several advantages including the ease of fabrication and small physical size essential for local measurements and experiments in small spaces. This paper describes the first evaluation of nanopipettes with well characterized geometry for resistive-pulse sensing of Au nanoparticles (AuNP), nanoparticles coated with an allergen epitope peptide layer, and AuNP-peptide particles with bound antipeanut antibodies (IgY) on the peptide layer. The label-free signal produced by IgY-conjugated particles was strikingly different from those obtained with other analytes, thus suggesting the possibility of selective and sensitive resistive-pulse sensing of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA. Fax: +1 7189975531; Tel: +1 7189974111
| | - Kaan Kececi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA. Fax: +1 7189975531; Tel: +1 7189974111
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA. Fax: +1 7189975531; Tel: +1 7189974111
| | - Vigneshwaran Mani
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA. Fax: +1 860-486-2981; Tel: +1 860-486-4909
| | - Naimish Sardesai
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA. Fax: +1 860-486-2981; Tel: +1 860-486-4909
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA. Fax: +1 860-486-2981; Tel: +1 860-486-4909
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
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de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Merkoçi A. Nanochannels preparation and application in biosensing. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7556-83. [PMID: 22880686 DOI: 10.1021/nn301368z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Selective transport in nanochannels (protein-based ion channels) is already used in living systems for electrical signaling in nerves and muscles, and this natural behavior is being approached for the application of biomimetic nanochannels in biosensors. On the basis of this principle, single nanochannels and nanochannel arrays seem to bring new advantages for biosensor development and applications. The purpose of this review is to provide a general comprehensive and critical overview on the latest trends in the development of nanochannel-based biosensing systems. A detailed description and discussion of representative and recent works covering the main nanochannel fabrication techniques, nanoporous material characterizations, and especially their application in both electrochemical and optical sensing systems is given. The state-of-the-art of the developed technology may open the way to new advances in the integration of nanochannels with (bio)molecules and synthetic receptors for the development of novel biodetection systems that can be extended to many other applications with interest for clinical analysis, safety, and security as well as environmental and other industrial studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, CIN2, ICN-CSIC, Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Fontaine O, Laberty-Robert C, Sanchez C. Sol-gel route to zirconia-Pt-nanoelectrode arrays 8 nm in radius: their geometrical impact in mass transport. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3650-3657. [PMID: 22260172 DOI: 10.1021/la202651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of advanced nanoelectrode arrays and their electrochemical characterization are presented. These nanoelectrode arrays are constituted of nanoperforations of 8 nm in radius leading to platinum and protected by an inorganic matrix made of crystalline zirconia. These nanoelectrodes arrays provide a ceramic support with a high thermal and chemical stability. These devices present a well characterized structure with a control of size, shape, and spacing of the nanoelectrodes, allowing studying in depth both the mass transport and the charge transfer properties in the nanometer range. The radial diffusion occurs when the experimental scan rate is superior to a theoretical scan rate estimated from the model proposed by Amatore and colleagues. The coupling between electrochemical analysis and nanoscale structural characterizations successfully demonstrates that the theory defined for microelectrode arrays can be directly transposed for well-defined metal-ceramic nanocomposite nanoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC-Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7574, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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Dai H, Yang C, Tong Y, Xu G, Ma X, Lin Y, Chen G. Label-free electrochemiluminescent immunosensor for α-fetoprotein: performance of Nafion–carbon nanodots nanocomposite films as antibody carriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3055-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Guo Z, Wang J, Ren J, Wang E. pH-reversed ionic current rectification displayed by conically shaped nanochannel without any modification. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3767-3773. [PMID: 21826328 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ion current through a nascent nanochannel with conically shaped geometry in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) membrane sandwiched between two same buffer solutions at pH ≤ 3 was routinely considered to exhibit no rectification and, if any, much weaker rectification than that for a nanochannel with a negative surface charge, since the surface charge on the membrane decreases to zero along with decreasing the pH value of the buffer solution down to the pK(a) of carboxylic acid. However, in this study, we discovered that in the buffer solution with low ionic strength at pH values below 3, the conically shaped nanochannels exhibited distinct ion current rectification, as expected for nanochannels with a positive surface charge, if voltages beyond ±2V range were scanned. We reasoned that the current rectification engendered by the positive surface charge of a conical nanochannel was due to further protonation of the hydrogen bonded hydrogel layer or neutral carboxylic acid inside the nanochannel. Therefore, our results enrich the knowledge about nanochannel technology and indicate that a nanofluidic diode based on pH-reversed ion current rectification through a conical nanochannel can be achieved without any modification of the PET membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, PR China
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Shim JH, Jang K, Lee Youngmi Lee C. Applications of Porous Pt-Filled Micropore Electrode: Direct Amperometric Glucose Detection and Potentiometric pH Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Davenport M, Healy K, Siwy ZS. Ag nanotubes and Ag/AgCl electrodes in nanoporous membranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:155301. [PMID: 21389573 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/15/155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of the entire experimental setup is a key requirement for widespread application of nanodevices. For nanopore biosensing, integrating electrodes onto the nanopore membrane and controlling the pore length is important for reducing the complexity and improving the sensitivity of the system. Here we present a method to achieve these goals, which relies on electroless plating to produce Ag nanotubes in track-etched polymer nanopore templates. By plating from one side only, we create a conductive nanotube that does not span the full length of the pore, and thus can act as a nanoelectrode located inside the nanopore. To give optimal electrochemical behavior for sensing, we coat the Ag nanotube with a layer of AgCl. We characterize the behavior of this nanoelectrode by measuring its current-voltage response and find that, in most cases, the response is asymmetric. The plated nanopores have initial diameters between 100 and 300 nm, thus a range suitable for detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Davenport
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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26
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Mezour MA, Morin M, Mauzeroll J. Fabrication and characterization of laser pulled platinum microelectrodes with controlled geometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2378-82. [PMID: 21323390 DOI: 10.1021/ac102482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a reproducible procedure for the fabrication of Pt disk-shaped microelectrodes with characteristic dimensions ranging from 50 nm to 1 μm in diameter was carried out using a laser pulling technique. The governing physical phenomena involved in their fabrication are discussed, and the importance of adding a critical quartz thinning step in the general procedure is demonstrated. The preparation of the microelectrodes involves sealing a platinum wire inside a quartz tubing using a pipet puller, thinning the composite material (platinum/quartz assembly), and laser pulling it to obtain two microelectrodes. The resulting microelectrodes display reproducible well-controlled geometry, which is important to downstream quantitative scanning electrochemical studies and imaging. Mechanical polishing of the microelectrode is required and remains the critical step in the fabrication of nanometer size electrodes. Following production, the microelectrodes are characterized by electron microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Development of these microelectrodes is motivated by their subsequent application to electrocatalysis and their potential in theoretical study because of their well-defined geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Mezour
- Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive Imaging and Detection for Biological Systems, Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8
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Jágerszki G, Takács Á, Bitter I, Gyurcsányi RE. Solid-State Ion Channels for Potentiometric Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Jágerszki G, Takács Á, Bitter I, Gyurcsányi RE. Solid-State Ion Channels for Potentiometric Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1656-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sa N, Fu Y, Baker LA. Reversible cobalt ion binding to imidazole-modified nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9963-6. [PMID: 21090777 DOI: 10.1021/ac102619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate that quartz nanopipettes modified with an imidazole-terminated silane respond to metal ions (Co(2+)) in solution. The response of nanopipettes is evaluated through examination of the ion current rectification ratio. When nanopipettes are cycled between solutions of different pH, adsorbed Co(2+) can be released from the nanopipette surface, to regenerate binding sites of the nanopipette. These results demonstrate that rectification-based sensing strategies for nanopore sensors can benefit from selection of recognition elements with intermediate binding affinities, such that reversible responses can be attained.
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Ayub M, Ivanov A, Hong J, Kuhn P, Instuli E, Edel JB, Albrecht T. Precise electrochemical fabrication of sub-20 nm solid-state nanopores for single-molecule biosensing. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:454128. [PMID: 21339614 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/45/454128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that solid-state nanometer-scale pores ('nanopores') can be used as highly sensitive single-molecule sensors. For example, electrophoretic translocation of DNA, RNA and proteins through such nanopores has enabled both detection and structural analysis of these complex biomolecules. Control over the nanopore size is critical as the pore must be comparable in size to the analyte molecule in question. The most widely used fabrication methods are based on focused electron or ion beams and thus require (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam (FIB) instrumentation. Even though very small pores have been made using these approaches, several issues remain. These include the requirement of being restricted to rather thin, mechanically less stable membranes, particularly for pore diameters in the single-digit nanometer range, lack of control of the surface properties at and inside the nanopore, and finally, the fabrication cost. In the proof-of-concept study, we report on a novel and simple route for fabricating metal nanopores with apparent diameters below 20 nm using electrodeposition and real-time ionic current feedback in solution. This fabrication approach inserts considerable flexibility into the kinds of platforms that can be used and the nanopore membrane material. Starting from much larger pores, which are straightforward to make using FIB or other semiconductor fabrication methods, we electrodeposit Pt at the nanopore interface while monitoring its ionic conductance at the same time in a bi-potentiostatic setup. Due to the deposition of Pt, the nanopore decreases in size, resulting in a decrease of the pore conductance. Once a desired pore conductance has been reached, the electrodeposition process is stopped by switching the potential of the membrane electrode and the fabrication process is complete. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these pores can be used for single-biomolecule analysis, such as that of λ-DNA, which we use in a proof-of-concept study. Importantly, our approach is applicable to single nanopores as well as nanopore arrays, and can easily be extended to deposits of metal other than Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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31
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Nanostructured materials in potentiometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:171-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jena BK, Percival SJ, Zhang B. Au Disk Nanoelectrode by Electrochemical Deposition in a Nanopore. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6737-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101261m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Stephen J. Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
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Wei R, Pedone D, Zürner A, Döblinger M, Rant U. Fabrication of metallized nanopores in silicon nitride membranes for single-molecule sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1406-1414. [PMID: 20564484 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of a metallized nanopore structure for the sensing of single molecules is described. Pores of varying diameters (>10 nm) are patterned into free-standing silicon nitride membranes by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tomography reveals a conical pore shape with a 40 degrees aperture. Metal films of Ti/Au are vapor deposited and the pore shape and shrinking are studied as a function of evaporated film thickness. TEM tomography analysis confirms metalization of the inner pore walls as well as conservation of the conical pore shape. In electrical measurements of the transpore current in aqueous electrolyte solution, the pores feature very low noise. The applicability of the metallized pores for stochastic sensing is demonstrated in real-time translocation experiments of single lambda-DNA molecules. We observe exceptionally long-lasting current blockades with a fine structure of distinct current levels, suggesting an attractive interaction between the DNA and the PEGylated metallic pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshan Wei
- Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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34
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Morf WE, Pretsch E, De Rooij NF. Theoretical Treatment and Numerical Simulation of Potential and Concentration Profiles in Extremely Thin Non-Electroneutral Membranes Used for Ion-Selective Electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010; 642:45-56. [PMID: 23255874 PMCID: PMC3523753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of extremely thin non-electroneutral membranes for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is investigated. A theoretical treatment of potential and concentration profiles in space-charge membranes of << 1 μm thickness is presented. The theory is based on the Nernst-Planck equation for ion fluxes, which reduces to Boltzmann's formula at equilibrium, and on the Poisson relationship between space-charge density and electric field gradient. A general solution in integral form is obtained for the potential function and the corresponding ion profiles at equilibrium. A series of explicit sub-solutions is derived for particular cases. Membrane systems with up to three different ion species are discussed, including trapped ionic sites and co-extracted ions. Solid-contacted thin membranes (without formation of aqueous films at the inner interface) are shown to exhibit a sub-Nernstian response. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations using a simplified finite-difference procedure based on the Nernst-Planck-Poisson model, which are shown to be in excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Morf
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), SAMLAB, Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL STI), CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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35
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Rieck DC, Liu B, Park BJ, Moffett DF, Kidwell DA, Cheng GJ, Van Wie BJ. Functionalization of micro- and nano-apertures with chromate-selective solvent polymeric membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:243-50. [PMID: 20103131 PMCID: PMC5081212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new miniaturization approach to create micro- and nanoscale ion selective electrodes (ISEs) was demonstrated and the concept tested with an environmentally relevant chromate-selective membrane consisting of 7.7:62.2:31.1 wt % Aliquat336:2-NPOE:PVC. Apertures of 100 nM and 30 microM dimensions were made using MEMS fabrication techniques and functionalized through a macroscale application of solvent polymeric membrane. Performance studies for the microscale ISE showed a response slope of -58.6+/-5.6 mV decade(-1) and limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 x 10(-5)+/-1.1 x 10(-5) M, versus -65.2+/-4.2 mV decade(-1) and 1.8 x 10(-5)+/-6 x 10(-6) M for the nanoscale ISE. This was consistent with control studies with carefully conditioned coated wire electrodes, which demonstrated a response slope of -61.7+/-2.4 mV decade(-1) and a LOD of 3.0 x 10(-6)+/-1 x 10(-6) M. Response times for the best micro- and nanoscale ISEs were in the 10-20 s timeframe. Electrical resistance measurements were in the GOmega range for the microscale ISEs and nanoscale ISEs. Appropriate ISE geometry was confirmed through AFM measurements and calculations based on electrical properties for micro- and nanoscale apertures. These micro- and nanoscale ISEs are expected to have significant impact in the field of microscale analytical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Rieck
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710, USA
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36
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Shim JH, Lee Y. Amperometric nitric oxide microsensor based on nanopore-platinized platinum: the application for imaging NO concentrations. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8571-6. [PMID: 19775121 DOI: 10.1021/ac901552m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an amperometric nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on a cone-shaped nanopore-platinized Pt working electrode. The senor was fabricated using the following procedure: (1) a parent nanodisk electrode was prepared by polishing an etched Pt wire (radius = 12.5 microm; dimension of etched tip end point <10 nm) embedded in a glass capillary, (2) the nanodisk Pt was further etched to produce a nanopore (pore opening radius <1 microm; pore depth approximately 30 microm), (3) the Pt base surface in the nanopore electrode was platinized electrochemically to improve the sensor sensitivity, and (4) silanization and further modification with the electropolymerized polymeric film [poly(5-amino-1-naphthol)] on the nanopore-platinized Pt electrode were carried out to obtain the sensor selectivity to NO. The analytical performance of the sensor was characterized. For example, a sensor with a pore opening radius of 797 nm exhibited a decent linear dynamic range (at least for 0.2-1.8 microM), detection limit of < approximately 32 nM, response time (t(90%)) of < approximately 5 s, and sensitivity of 6.5 +/- 0.02 pA/nM. This sensor was used successfully as a NO-selective probe tip in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to obtain a two-dimensional image of the local NO concentrations for an inlaid NO-emitting microdisk film (radius = 12.5 microm) on a glass substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Shim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
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37
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Mallon CT, Zuliani C, Keyes TE, Forster RJ. Single nanocavity electrodes: fabrication, electrochemical and photonic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Molecular-scale pore structures, called nanopores, can be assembled by protein ion channels through genetic engineering or be artificially fabricated on solid substrates using fashion nanotechnology. When target molecules interact with the functionalized lumen of a nanopore, they characteristically block the ion pathway. The resulting conductance changes allow for identification of single molecules and quantification of target species in the mixture. In this review, we first overview nanopore-based sensory techniques that have been created for the detection of myriad biomedical targets, from metal ions, drug compounds, and cellular second messengers to proteins and DNA. Then we introduce our recent discoveries in nanopore single molecule detection: (1) using the protein nanopore to study folding/unfolding of the G-quadruplex aptamer; (2) creating a portable and durable biochip that is integrated with a single-protein pore sensor (this chip is compared with recently developed protein pore sensors based on stabilized bilayers on glass nanopore membranes and droplet interface bilayer); and (3) creating a glass nanopore-terminated probe for single-molecule DNA detection, chiral enantiomer discrimination, and identification of the bioterrorist agent ricin with an aptamer-encoded nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Gu
- Biological Engineering and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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39
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Fabrication of a PANI/Au nanocomposite modified nanoelectrode for sensitive dopamine nanosensor design. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Mikhel’son KN. Electrochemical sensors based on ionophores: Current state, trends, and prospects. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Amatore C, Oleinick AI, Svir I. Theory of Ion Transport in Electrochemically Switchable Nanoporous Metallized Membranes. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:211-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Murray RW. Nanoelectrochemistry: Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrodes, and Nanopores. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2688-720. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Privett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Abstract
Potentiometric sensors share unique characteristics that set them apart from other electrochemical sensors. Potentiometric nanoelectrodes have been reported and successfully used for many decades, and we review these developments. Current research chiefly focuses on nanoscale films at the outer or the inner side of the membrane, with outer layers for increasing biocompatibility, expanding the sensor response, or improving the limit of detection (LOD). Inner layers are mainly used for stabilizing the response and eliminating inner aqueous contacts or undesired nanoscale layers of water. We also discuss the ultimate detectability of ions with such sensors and the power of coupling the ultra-low LODs of ion-selective electrodes with nanoparticle labels to give attractive bioassays that can compete with state-of-the-art electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Abstract
For most chemists, potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) primarily means pH measurements with a glass electrode. Those interested in clinical analysis might know that ISEs, routinely used for the determination of blood electrolytes, have a market size comparable to that of glass electrodes. It is even less well known that potentiometry went through a silent revolution during the past decade. The lower detection limit and the discrimination of interfering ions (the selectivity coefficients) have been improved in many cases by factors up to 10(6) and 10(10), respectively, thus allowing their application in fields such as environmental trace analysis and potentiometric biosensing. The determination of complex formation constants for lipophilic hosts and ionic guests is also covered in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Prof. Eric Bakker, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, E-mail:
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Prof. Ernö Pretsch, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, E-mail:
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