1
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Wijesinghe KH, Hood C, Mattern D, Angel LA, Dass A. Ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry of bulky tert-butyl thiol ligated gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e4998. [PMID: 38263883 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in the 1-3 nm range have a specific number of gold core atoms and outer protecting ligands. They have become one of the "hot topics" in recent decades because of their interesting physical and chemical properties. The characterization of their structures is usually achieved by crystal X-ray diffraction although the structures of some AuNPs remain unknown because they have not been successfully crystallized. An alternative method for studying the structure of AuNPs is electrospray ionization-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MSMS). This research evaluated how effectively ESI-IM-MSMS using the commercially available Waters Synapt XS instrument yielded useful structural information from two AuNPs; Au23 (S-tBu)16 and Au30 (S-tBu)18 . The study used the maximum range of available collision energies along with ion mobility separation to measure the energy-dependence of the product ions and their drift times which is a measure of their spatial size. For Au23 (S-tBu)16 , the dissociation gave the masses of the outer protecting monomeric [RS-Au-SR] and trimeric [SR-Au-SR-Au-SR-Au-SR] staples where R = tBu, and complete dissociation of the outer layer Au and tBu groups to reveal the Au15 S8 core. For Au30 (S-tBu)18 , the dissociation products was primarily through the loss of the partial ligands S-tBu and tBu from the outer protecting layer and the loss of single Au4 (S-tBu)4 unit. These results showed the that ESI-IM-MSMS analysis of the smaller Au23 (S-tBu)16 gave information on all it major structural components whereas for Au30 (S-tBu)18 , the overall structural information was limited to the ligands of the outer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpani H Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Christopher Hood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Daniell Mattern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Laurence A Angel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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2
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Dominique NL, Jensen IM, Kaur G, Kotseos CQ, Boggess WC, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Giving Gold Wings: Ultrabright and Fragmentation Free Mass Spectrometry Reporters for Barcoding, Bioconjugation Monitoring, and Data Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219182. [PMID: 36853583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) highlights the need for a bright and multiplexable labeling platform. While ligand-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising LDI-MS contrast agent, the predominant thiol ligands suffer from low ion yields and extensive fragmentation. In this work, we develop a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand platform that enhances AuNP LDI-MS performance. NHC scaffolds are tuned to generate barcoded AuNPs which, when benchmarked against thiol-AuNPs, are bright mass tags and form unfragmented ions in high yield. To illustrate the transformative potential of NHC ligands, the mass tags were employed in three orthogonal applications: monitoring a bioconjugation reaction, performing multiplexed imaging, and storing and reading encoded information. These results demonstrate that NHC-nanoparticle systems are an ideal platform for LDI-MS and greatly broaden the scope of nanoparticle contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chandler Q Kotseos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - William C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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3
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Onzo A, Pascale R, Acquavia MA, Cosma P, Gubitosa J, Gaeta C, Iannece P, Tsybin Y, Rizzi V, Guerrieri A, Ciriello R, Bianco G. Untargeted analysis of pure snail slime and snail slime-induced Au nanoparticles metabolome with MALDI FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4722. [PMID: 33813760 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds result from the failure of the normal wound healing process. Any delay during the tissue repair process could be defined as chronic wound healing, potentially having a highly detrimental impact on human health. To face this problem, in the last years, the use of different technologies alternative to therapeutic agents is gaining more attention. The Helix aspersa snail slime-based products are increasingly being used for skin injury, thanks to their ability to make tissue repair processes faster. To date, a comprehensive overview of pure snail slime metabolome is not available. Besides, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) technology is spreading rapidly in the medical environment, and the search for AuNPs "green" synthetic routes that involve natural products as precursor agents is demanded, alongside with a deep comprehension of the kind of species that actively take part in synthesis and product stabilization. The aim of this work is to characterize the metabolic profile of a pure snail slime sample, by an untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry-based analysis. In addition, insights on AuNPs synthesis and stabilization by the main components of pure snail slime used to induce the synthesis were obtained. The untargeted analysis provided a large list of important classes of metabolites, that is, fatty acid derivatives, amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds that could be appreciated in both samples of slime, with and without AuNPs. Moreover, a direct comparison of the obtained results suggests that mostly nitrogen and sulfur-bearing metabolites take part in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Onzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Maria Assunta Acquavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- ALMAGISI, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Gubitosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ciriello
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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4
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Ligare MR, Morrison KA, Hewitt MA, Reveles JU, Govind N, Hernandez H, Baker ES, Clowers BH, Laskin J, Johnson GE. Ion Mobility Spectrometry Characterization of the Intermediate Hydrogen-Containing Gold Cluster Au 7(PPh 3) 7H 52. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2502-2508. [PMID: 33667097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We employ ion mobility spectrometry and density functional theory to determine the structure of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine), which was recently identified by high mass resolution mass spectrometry. Experimental ion-neutral collision cross sections represent the momentum transfer between the ionic clusters and gas molecules averaged over the relative thermal velocities of the colliding pair, thereby providing structural insights. Theoretical calculations indicate the geometry of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ is similar to Au7(PPh3)7+, with three hydrogen atoms bridging two gold atoms and two hydrogen atoms forming single Au-H bonds. Collision-induced dissociation products observed during IMS experiments reveal that smaller hydrogen-containing clusters may be produced through fragmentation of Au7(PPh3)7H52+. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-containing species like Au7(PPh3)7H52+ act as intermediates in the formation of larger phosphine ligated gold clusters. These results advance the understanding and ability to control the mechanisms of size-selective cluster formation, which is necessary for scalable synthesis of clusters with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall R Ligare
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Michael A Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa 50112, United States
| | - J Ulises Reveles
- Advanced Career Education (ACE) Center at Highland Springs, Highland Springs, Virginia 23075, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Heriberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa 50112, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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5
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Liao S, Luo Z, Metternich JB, Zenobi R, Stellacci F. Quantification of surface composition and segregation on AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles by MALDI MS. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22639-22644. [PMID: 33151213 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we show that it is possible to use MALDI-TOF as a tool to quantify the atomic composition and to describe the phase segragation of the surface of ligand-coated, bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles. Our investigation shows that AuAg nanoparticles of various compositions exhibit core-shell heterogeneity with surface enrichment of Ag. A Monte-Carlo type simulation demonstrates that the surface Au and Ag atoms arrange in a random fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Liao
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Comby-Zerbino C, Bertorelle F, Dugourd P, Antoine R, Chirot F. Structure and Charge Heterogeneity in Isomeric Au25(MBA)18 Nanoclusters—Insights from Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5840-5848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Comby-Zerbino
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Franck Bertorelle
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5280, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
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7
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Ge S, Zhao J, Ma G. Thiol stabilized extremely small gold cluster complexes with high photoluminescence. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Comby-Zerbino C, Perić M, Bertorelle F, Chirot F, Dugourd P, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Antoine R. Catenane Structures of Homoleptic Thioglycolic Acid-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Evidenced by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and DFT Calculations. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030457. [PMID: 30893867 PMCID: PMC6474107 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters have highly size- and structure-dependent physicochemical properties and are a promising class of nanomaterials. As a consequence, for the rationalization of their synthesis and for the design of new clusters with tailored properties, a precise characterization of their composition and structure at the atomic level is required. We report a combined ion mobility-mass spectrometry approach with density functional theory (DFT) calculations for determination of the structural and optical properties of ultra-small gold nanoclusters protected by thioglycolic acid (TGA) as ligand molecules, Au10(TGA)10. Collision cross-section (CCS) measurements are reported for two charge states. DFT optimized geometrical structures are used to compute CCSs. The comparison of the experimentally- and theoretically-determined CCSs allows concluding that such nanoclusters have catenane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Comby-Zerbino
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Martina Perić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Franck Bertorelle
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Univ Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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9
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Merz SN, Farrell ZJ, Pearring J, Hoover E, Kester M, Egorov SA, Green DL, DuBay KH. Computational and Experimental Investigation of Janus-like Monolayers on Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11031-11040. [PMID: 30347139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of monolayer morphology on nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm has proven difficult with traditional visualization techniques. Here matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is used in conjunction with atomistic simulations to detect the formation of Janus-like monolayers on noble metal nanoparticles. Silver metal nanoparticles were synthesized with a monolayer consisting of dodecanethiol (DDT) and mercaptoethanol (ME) at varying ratios. The nanoparticles were then analyzed using MALDI-MS, which gives information on the local ordering of ligands on the surface. The MALDI-MS analysis showed large deviations from random ordering, suggesting phase separation of the DDT/ME monolayers. Atomistic Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were then used to simulate the nanoscale morphology of the DDT/ME monolayers. In order to quantitatively compare the computational and experimental results, we developed a method for determining an expected MALDI-MS spectrum from the atomistic simulation. Experiments and simulations show quantitative agreement, and both indicate that the DDT/ME ligands undergo phase separation, resulting in Janus-like nanoparticle monolayers with large, patchy domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Merz
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Zachary J Farrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Joseph Pearring
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Elise Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , Thornton Hall , P.O. Box 400259, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Mark Kester
- School of Medicine , University of Virginia , 1215 Lee Street , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Sergei A Egorov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , D-01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - David L Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Kateri H DuBay
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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10
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Mass spectrometry and Monte Carlo method mapping of nanoparticle ligand shell morphology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4478. [PMID: 30367040 PMCID: PMC6203843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus, patchy, stripe-like, or random arrangements of molecules within the ligand shell of nanoparticles affect many properties. Among all existing ligand shell morphology characterization methods, the one based on mass spectroscopy is arguably the simplest. Its greatest limitation is that the results are qualitative. Here, we use a tailor-made Monte Carlo type program that fits the whole MALDI spectrum and generates a 3D model of the ligand shell. Quantitative description of the ligand shell in terms of nearest neighbor distribution and characteristic length scale can be readily extracted by the model, and are compared with the results of other characterization methods. A parameter related to the intermolecular interaction is extracted when this method is combined with NMR. This approach could become the routine method to characterize the ligand shell morphology of many nanoparticles and we provide an open access program to facilitate its use. Determining the arrangement of ligands on a nanoparticle is challenging, given the limitations of existing characterization tools. Here, the authors describe an accessible method for resolving ligand shell morphology that uses simple MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry measurements in conjunction with an open-access Monte Carlo fitting program.
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11
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Canzani D, Laszlo KJ, Bush MF. Ion Mobility of Proteins in Nitrogen Gas: Effects of Charge State, Charge Distribution, and Structure. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5625-5634. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Laszlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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12
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Luo Z, Hou J, Menin L, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Evolution of the Ligand Shell Morphology during Ligand Exchange Reactions on Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jing Hou
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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13
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Luo Z, Hou J, Menin L, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Evolution of the Ligand Shell Morphology during Ligand Exchange Reactions on Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13521-13525. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jing Hou
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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14
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Gold nanoparticles with patterned surface monolayers for nanomedicine: current perspectives. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:749-771. [PMID: 28865004 PMCID: PMC5693983 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a topic attracting intense scientific interest. Various strategies have been developed for construction of molecular aggregates with rationally designed properties, geometries, and dimensions that promise to provide solutions to both theoretical and practical problems in areas such as drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and biosensors, to name but a few. In this respect, gold nanoparticles covered with self-assembled monolayers presenting nanoscale surface patterns-typically patched, striped or Janus-like domains-represent an emerging field. These systems are particularly intriguing for use in bio-nanotechnology applications, as presence of such monolayers with three-dimensional (3D) morphology provides nanoparticles with surface-dependent properties that, in turn, affect their biological behavior. Comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical interactions occurring at the interface between these versatile nanomaterials and biological systems is therefore crucial to fully exploit their potential. This review aims to explore the current state of development of such patterned, self-assembled monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles, through step-by-step analysis of their conceptual design, synthetic procedures, predicted and determined surface characteristics, interactions with and performance in biological environments, and experimental and computational methods currently employed for their investigation.
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15
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Ligare MR, Baker ES, Laskin J, Johnson GE. Ligand induced structural isomerism in phosphine coordinated gold clusters revealed by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7389-7392. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural isomerism in ligated gold clusters is revealed using electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall R. Ligare
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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16
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Merz SN, Farrell ZJ, Dunn CJ, Swanson RJ, Egorov SA, Green DL. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Microphase Separation in Mixed Thiol Monolayers on Silver Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9871-9878. [PMID: 27744676 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles with mixed ligand self-assembled monolayers were synthesized from dodecanethiol and another ligand from a homologous series of alkanethiols (butanethiol, pentanethiol, heptanethiol, octanethiol, nonanethiol, decanethiol, undecanethiol, or dodecanethiol[D25]). These were hypothesized to exhibit ligand phase separation that increases with degree of physical mismatch between the ligands based on the difference in the number of carbons in the two ligands. Dodecanethiol/dodecanethiol[D25] was expected to exhibit minimal phase separation as the ligands have only isotopic differences, while dodecanethiol/butanethiol was hypothesized to exhibit the most phase separation due to the difference in chain length. Phase separation of all other ligand mixtures was expected to fall between these two extremes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectroscopy provided a value for ligand phase separation by comparison with a binomial (random) model and subsequent calculation of the sum-of-squares error (SSR). These nanoparticle systems were also modeled using the Scheutjens and Fleer self-consistent mean-field theory (SCFT), which determined the most thermodynamically favorable arrangement of ligands on the surface. From MALDI, it was found that dodecanethiol/dodecanethiol[D25] formed a well-mixed monolayer with SSR = 0.002, and dodecanethiol/butanethiol formed a microphase separated monolayer with SSR = 0.164; in intermediate dodecanethiol/alkanethiol mixtures, SSR increased with increasing ligand length difference as expected. For comparison with experiment, an effective SSR value was calculated from SCFT simulations. The SSR values obtained by experiment and theory show good agreement and provide strong support for the validity of SCFT predictions of monolayer structure. These approaches represent robust methods of characterization for ligand phase separation on silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Merz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zachary J Farrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Caroline J Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Richard J Swanson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sergei A Egorov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David L Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia , 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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17
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Burrows ND, Lin W, Hinman JG, Dennison JM, Vartanian AM, Abadeer NS, Grzincic EM, Jacob LM, Li J, Murphy CJ. Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9905-9921. [PMID: 27568788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique optical properties, and they have the potential to greatly impact many areas of science and technology. Understanding the structure and chemical makeup of their surfaces as well as how to tailor them is of paramount importance in the development of their successful applications. This Feature Article reviews the current understanding of the surface chemistry of as-synthesized gold nanorods, methods of tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods with various inorganic and organic coatings/ligands, and the techniques employed to characterize ligands on the surface of gold nanorods as well as the associated measurement challenges. Specifically, we address the challenges of determining how thick the ligand shell is, how many ligands per nanorod are present on the surface, and where the ligands are located in regiospecific and mixed-ligand systems. We conclude with an outlook on the development of the surface chemistry of gold nanorods leading to the development of a synthetic nanoparticle surface chemistry toolbox analogous to that of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wayne Lin
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua G Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jordan M Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ariane M Vartanian
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nardine S Abadeer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elissa M Grzincic
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lisa M Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Jin R, Zeng C, Zhou M, Chen Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10346-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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19
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Baksi A, Harvey SR, Natarajan G, Wysocki VH, Pradeep T. Possible isomers in ligand protected Ag11cluster ions identified by ion mobility mass spectrometry and fragmented by surface induced dissociation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3805-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isomeric glutathione protected silver clusters have been detected using ion mobility mass spectrometry. This cluster has been fragmented by conventional collision induced dissociation and newly introduced surface induced dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Baksi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
| | - Sophie R. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)
- and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai - 600 036
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20
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Baksi A, Chakraborty P, Bhat S, Natarajan G, Pradeep T. [Au25(SR)18]22−: a noble metal cluster dimer in the gas phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8397-400. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric and trimeric Au25(SR)18 have been detected experimentally by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and separated by ion mobility (IM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Shridevi Bhat
- Department of Chemistry
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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21
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Timerbaev AR. Role of mass spectrometry in the development and medicinal implementation of metal-based nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815090166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Black DM, Bhattarai N, Whetten RL, Bach SBH. Collision-induced dissociation of monolayer protected clusters Au144 and Au130 in an electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10679-87. [PMID: 25317476 DOI: 10.1021/jp508059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of larger gold clusters are poorly known because generation of the intact parent species for mass spectrometric analysis remains quite challenging. Herein we report in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) results for the monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) Au144(SR)60 and Au130(SR)50, where R- = PhCH2CH2-, in a Bruker micrOTOF time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A sample mixture of the two clusters was introduced into the mass spectrometer by positive mode electrospray ionization. Standard source conditions were used to acquire a reference mass spectrum, exhibiting negligible fragmentation, and then the capillary-skimmer potential difference was increased to induce in-source CID within this low-pressure region (∼4 mbar). Remarkably, distinctive fragmentation patterns are observed for each MPC[3+] parent ion. An assignment of all the major dissociation products (ions and neutrals) is deduced and interpreted by using the distinguishing characteristics in the standard structure-models for the respective MPCs. Also, we propose a ring-forming elimination mechanism to explain R-H neutral loss, as separate from the channels leading to RS-SR or (AuSR)4 neutrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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23
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Le Guevel X, Tagit O, Rodríguez CE, Trouillet V, Pernia Leal M, Hildebrandt N. Ligand effect on the size, valence state and red/near infrared photoluminescence of bidentate thiol gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8091-8099. [PMID: 24916121 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) stabilized by a zwitterion ligand (Zw) at different Au : Zw ratios are demonstrated. Au NCs exhibit photoluminescence (PL) emission which is tunable from the near infrared (805 nm) to the red spectral window (640 nm) and strongly influenced by the ligand shell size. Optical and chemical investigations suggest the presence of gold polymeric species and large nanoclusters for a molar ratio of Au : Zw = 1 : 1. For 1 : 5 < Au : Zw < 1 : 1, Zw induces etching of the large clusters and the formation of a monolayer of the bidentate ligands on the Au NCs (cluster size ∼7 to 10 kDa) accompanied by red PL emission at λ = 710 nm. A second organic layer starts to form for larger Zw fractions (Au : Zw < 1 : 5) as a result of electrostatic and covalent interactions of the zwitterion leading to an enhancement and a blue-shift of the PL emission. The effect of temperature and pH on the optical properties of gold clusters is strongly dependent on the ligand shell and demonstrates the importance of defining gold nanoclusters as supramolecular assemblies with a complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Le Guevel
- Therapeutic Nanosystem, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain.
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24
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Kumara C, Dass A. Au329(SR)84 Nanomolecules: Compositional Assignment of the 76.3 kDa Plasmonic Faradaurates. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4227-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403851s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanaka Kumara
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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25
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Mingos DMP. Historical Introduction to Gold Colloids, Clusters and Nanoparticles. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Mignot A, Truillet C, Lux F, Sancey L, Louis C, Denat F, Boschetti F, Bocher L, Gloter A, Stéphan O, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Luneau D, Novitchi G, Figueiredo LC, de Morais PC, Bonneviot L, Albela B, Ribot F, Van Lokeren L, Déchamps-Olivier I, Chuburu F, Lemercier G, Villiers C, Marche PN, Le Duc G, Roux S, Tillement O, Perriat P. A top-down synthesis route to ultrasmall multifunctional Gd-based silica nanoparticles for theranostic applications. Chemistry 2013; 19:6122-36. [PMID: 23512788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New, ultrasmall nanoparticles with sizes below 5 nm have been obtained. These small rigid platforms (SRP) are composed of a polysiloxane matrix with DOTAGA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric anhydride-4,7,10-triacetic acid)-Gd(3+) chelates on their surface. They have been synthesised by an original top-down process: 1) formation of a gadolinium oxide Gd2O3 core, 2) encapsulation in a polysiloxane shell grafted with DOTAGA ligands, 3) dissolution of the gadolinium oxide core due to chelation of Gd(3+) by DOTAGA ligands and 4) polysiloxane fragmentation. These nanoparticles have been fully characterised using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to demonstrate the dissolution of the oxide core and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, (29)Si solid-state NMR, (1)H NMR and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) to determine the nanoparticle composition. Relaxivity measurements gave a longitudinal relaxivity r1 of 11.9 s(-1) mM(-1) per Gd at 60 MHz. Finally, potentiometric titrations showed that Gd(3+) is strongly chelated to DOTAGA (complexation constant logβ110 =24.78) and cellular tests confirmed the that nanoconstructs had a very low toxicity. Moreover, SRPs are excreted from the body by renal clearance. Their efficiency as contrast agents for MRI has been proved and they are promising candidates as sensitising agents for image-guided radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mignot
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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27
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Xie S, Paau MC, Zhang Y, Shuang S, Chan W, Choi MMF. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of as-synthesised N,N'-dimethylformamide-stabilised gold nanoclusters product. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5325-32. [PMID: 22776957 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation and analysis of polydisperse water-soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilised with N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) were investigated. Under optimal elution gradient conditions, the separation of DMF-AuNCs was monitored by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The UV-vis spectral characteristics of the separated DMF-AuNCs have been captured and they do not possess distinct surface plasmon resonance bands, indicating that all DMF-AuNCs are small AuNCs. The photoluminescence emission spectra of the separated DMF-AuNCs are in the blue-light region. Moreover, cationic DMF-AuNCs are for the first time identified by ion chromatography. Our proposed RP-HPLC methodology has been successfully applied to separate AuNCs of various Au atoms as well as DMF-stabilised ligands. Finally, the composition of the separated DMF-AuNCs was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, proving that the as-synthesised DMF-AuNCs product consists of Au₁₀⁺, Au₁₀, Au₁₁, Au₁₂, Au₁₃, and Au₁₄ NCs stabilised with various numbers of DMF ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunping Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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28
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Harkness KM, Tang Y, Dass A, Pan J, Kothalawala N, Reddy VJ, Cliffel DE, Demeler B, Stellacci F, Bakr OM, McLean JA. Ag44(SR)30(4-): a silver-thiolate superatom complex. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4269-74. [PMID: 22706613 PMCID: PMC3518420 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Intensely and broadly absorbing nanoparticles (IBANs) of silver protected by arylthiolates were recently synthesized and showed unique optical properties, yet question of their dispersity and their molecular formulas remained. Here IBANs are identified as a superatom complex with a molecular formula of Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-) and an electron count of 18. This molecular character is shared by IBANs protected by 4-fluorothiophenol or 2-naphthalenethiol. The molecular formula and purity is determined by mass spectrometry and confirmed by sedimentation velocity-analytical ultracentrifugation. The data also give preliminary indications of a unique structure and environment for Ag(44)(SR)(30)(4-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen M. Harkness
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN USA 37235, tel : +1.615.322.1195
| | - Yun Tang
- Institute of Materials, EcolePolytechniqueFederale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jun Pan
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photo-voltaics Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuwan Kothalawala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vijay J. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN USA 37235, tel : +1.615.322.1195
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photo-voltaics Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN USA 37235, tel : +1.615.322.1195
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29
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Harkness KM, Turner BN, Agrawal AC, Zhang Y, McLean JA, Cliffel DE. Biomimetic monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles for immunorecognition. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3843-51. [PMID: 22641221 PMCID: PMC3376232 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are capable of presenting precisely engineered surfaces at the nanoscale, allowing the mimicry of biomacromolecules on an artificial platform. Here we review the generation, characterization, and applications of monolayer-protected AuNPs that have been designed for immunorecognition by the integration of an oligopeptide epitope into the protecting monolayer. The resulting peptide-AuNP conjugate is an effective platform for biomimesis, as demonstrated by multiple studies. Recent work is presented and future directions for this field of research are discussed.
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30
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Yang X, Su Y, Paau MC, Choi MMF. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Water-Soluble Gold Nanocluster Fractions from Sequential Size-Selective Precipitation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1765-71. [PMID: 22229882 DOI: 10.1021/ac2029908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Man Chin Paau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Martin M. F. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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31
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Harkness KM, Balinski A, McLean JA, Cliffel DE. Nanoscale phase segregation of mixed thiolates on gold nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10554-9. [PMID: 21882306 PMCID: PMC3518417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase segregation and domain formation is observed within the protecting monolayer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using ion mobility-mass spectrometry, a two-dimensional gas-phase separation technique. Experimental data is compared to a theoretical model that represents a randomly distributed ligand mixture. Deviations from this model provide evidence for nanophase separation resulting in anisotropic AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen M. Harkness
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235 (USA), Fax: (+1) 615.343.1234
| | - Andrzej Balinski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235 (USA), Fax: (+1) 615.343.1234
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235 (USA), Fax: (+1) 615.343.1234
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235 (USA), Fax: (+1) 615.343.1234
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32
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Harkness KM, Balinski A, McLean JA, Cliffel DE. Nanoscale Phase Segregation of Mixed Thiolates on Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Jin R, Zhu Y, Qian H. Quantum-sized gold nanoclusters: bridging the gap between organometallics and nanocrystals. Chemistry 2011; 17:6584-93. [PMID: 21590819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This Concept article provides an elementary discussion of a special class of large-sized gold compounds, so-called Au nanoclusters, which lies in between traditional organogold compounds (e.g., few-atom complexes, <1 nm) and face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline Au nanoparticles (typically >2 nm). The discussion is focused on the relationship between them, including the evolution from the Au⋅⋅⋅Au aurophilic interaction in Au(I) complexes to the direct Au-Au bond in clusters, and the structural transformation from the fcc structure in nanocrystals to non-fcc structures in nanoclusters. Thiolate-protected Au(n)(SR)(m) nanoclusters are used as a paradigm system. Research on such nanoclusters has achieved considerable advances in recent years and is expected to flourish in the near future, which will bring about exciting progress in both fundamental scientific research and technological applications of nanoclusters of gold and other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Miller SA, Hiatt LA, Keil RG, Wright DW, Cliffel DE. Multifunctional nanoparticles as simulants for a gravimetric immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:1021-9. [PMID: 21110011 PMCID: PMC3031959 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are important tools for the rapid detection and identification of pathogens, both clinically and in the research laboratory. An immunoassay with the potential for the detection of influenza was developed and tested using hemagglutinin (HA), a commonly studied glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza virions. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized, which present multiple peptide epitopes, including the HA epitope, in order to increase the gravimetric response achieved with the use of a QCM immunosensor for influenza. Specifically, epitopes associated with HA and FLAG peptides were affixed to gold nanoparticles by a six-mer PEG spacer between the epitope and the terminal cysteine. The PEG spacer was shown to enhance the probability for interaction with antibodies by increasing the distance the epitope extends from the gold surface. These nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Anti-FLAG and anti-HA antibodies were adhered to the surface of a QCM, and the response of each antibody upon exposure to HA, FLAG, and dual functionalized nanoparticles was compared with binding of Au-tiopronin nanoparticles and H5 HA proteins from influenza virus (H5N1). Results demonstrate that the immunoassay was capable of differentiating between nanoparticles presenting orthogonal epitopes in real-time with minimal nonspecific binding. The detection of H5 HA protein demonstrates the logical extension of using these nanoparticle mimics as a safe positive control in the detection of influenza, making this a vital step in improving influenza detection methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235-1822 USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Leslie A. Hiatt
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235-1822 USA
| | - Robert G. Keil
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235-1822 USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - David W. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235-1822 USA
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235-1822 USA
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Harkness KM, Hixson BC, Fenn LS, Turner BN, Rape AC, Simpson CA, Huffman BJ, Okoli TC, McLean JA, Cliffel DE. A structural mass spectrometry strategy for the relative quantitation of ligands on mixed monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9268-74. [PMID: 20968282 DOI: 10.1021/ac102175z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly common to use gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by a heterogeneous mixture of thiolate ligands, but many ligand mixtures on AuNPs cannot be properly characterized due to the inherent limitations of commonly used spectroscopic techniques. Using ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), we have developed a strategy that allows measurement of the relative quantity of ligands on AuNP surfaces. This strategy is used for the characterization of three samples of mixed-ligand AuNPs: tiopronin:glutathione (av diameter 2.5 nm), octanethiol:decanethiol (av diameter 3.6 nm), and tiopronin:11-mercaptoundecyl(poly ethylene glycol) (av diameter 2.5 nm). For validation purposes, the results obtained for tiopronin:glutathione AuNPs were compared to parallel measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) without ion mobility separation. Relative quantitation measurements for NMR and IM-MS were in excellent agreement, with an average difference of less than 1% relative abundance. IM-MS and MS without ion mobility separation were not comparable, due to a lack of ion signals for MS. The other two mixed-ligand AuNPs provide examples of measurements that cannot be performed using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen M Harkness
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, and Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Angel LA, Majors LT, Dharmaratne AC, Dass A. Ion mobility mass spectrometry of Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4691-700. [PMID: 20731448 DOI: 10.1021/nn1012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) can separate ions based on their size, shape, and charge as well as mass-to-charge ratios. Here, we report experimental IM-MS and IM-MS/MS data of the Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)(-) nanocluster. The IM-MS of Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)(-) exhibits a narrow, symmetric drift time distribution that indicates the presence of only one structure. The IM-MS/MS readily distinguishes between the fragmentation of the outer protecting layer, made from six [-SR-Au-SR-Au-SR-] "staples' where R = CH(2)CH(2)Ph, and the Au(13) core. The fragmentation of the staples is characterized by the predominant loss of Au(4)(SR)(4) from the cluster and the formation of eight distinct bands. The consecutive eight bands contain an increasing variety of Au(l)S(m)R(n)(-) product ions due to the incremental fragmentation of the outer layer of Au(21)X(14)(-), where X = S or SCH(2)CH(2)Ph. The mobility of species in each individual band shows that the lower mass species exhibit greater collision cross sections, facilitating the identification of the Au(l)S(m)R(n)(-) products. Below the bands, in the region 1200-2800 m/z, product ions relating to the fragmentation of the Au(13) core can be observed. In the low mass 50-1200 m/z region, fragment ions such as Au(SR)(2)(-), Au(2)(SR)(3)(-), Au(3)(SR)(4)(-), and Au(4)(SR)(5)(-) are also observed, corresponding to the large fragments Au(25-x)(SR)(18-(x+1)). The study shows that most of the dominant large fragments are of the general type Au(21)X(14)(-/+), and Au(17)X(10)(-/+) with electron counts of 8 and 6 in negative and positive mode, respectively. This suggests that geometric factors may outweigh electronic factors in the selection of Au(25)(SR)(18) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence A Angel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Texas 75429, USA.
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Petr J, Teste B, Descroix S, Siaugue JM, Gareil P, Varenne A. Separation of α-lactalbumin grafted- and non-grafted maghemite core/silica shell nanoparticles by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2754-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bresee J, Maier KE, Melander C, Feldheim DL. Identification of antibiotics using small molecule variable ligand display on gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7516-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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