1
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Zeng S, Zhu H, Sohan ASMMF, Liu J, Wan X, Lin X, Yin B. A remote-controlled portable workstation for highly sensitive and real-time chemiluminescent detection of cadmium. Food Chem 2024; 452:139549. [PMID: 38762939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The prevention of pollution requires real-time monitoring of cadmium (Cd2+) concentration in the food, as it has a dramatic impact on poultry and can pose a threat to human health. Here, we fabricate a portable workstation integrating a microfluidic chip that facilitates real-time monitoring of Cd2+ levels in real samples by utilizing the Luminol-KMnO4 chemiluminescence (CL) system. Interestingly, Cd2+ can significantly enhance the CL signal, resulting in sensitive detection of Cd2+ in the range of 0-0.18 mg/L with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.207 μg/L. Furthermore, a remote-controlled unit is integrated into the portable workstation to form a remote-controlled portable workstation (RCPW) performing automated point-of-care testing (POCT) of Cd2+. The as-prepared strategy allows remote control of RCPW to avoid long-distance transportation of samples to achieve real-time target monitoring. Consequently, this system furnishes RCPW for monitoring Cd2+ levels in real samples, thereby holding potential for applications in preventing food pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zeng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - A S M Muhtasim Fuad Sohan
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Suqian Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- University of Macau Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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2
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Cutuli E, Sanalitro D, Stella G, Saitta L, Bucolo M. A 3D-Printed Micro-Optofluidic Chamber for Fluid Characterization and Microparticle Velocity Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2115. [PMID: 38004972 PMCID: PMC10673365 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a multi-objective polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-optofluidic (MoF) device suitably designed and manufactured through a 3D-printed-based master-slave approach. It exploits optical detection techniques to characterize immiscible fluids or microparticles in suspension inside a compartment specifically designed at the core of the device referred to as the MoF chamber. In addition, we show our novel, fast, and cost-effective methodology, dual-slit particle signal velocimetry (DPSV), for fluids and microparticle velocity detection. Different from the standard state-of-the-art approaches, the methodology focuses on signal processing rather than image processing. This alternative has several advantages, including the ability to circumvent the requirement of complex and extensive setups and cost reduction. Additionally, its rapid processing speed allows for real-time sample manipulations in ongoing image-based analyses. For our specific design, optical signals have been detected from the micro-optics components placed in two slots designed ad hoc in the device. To show the devices' multipurpose capabilities, the device has been tested with fluids of various colors and densities and the inclusion of synthetic microparticles. Additionally, several experiments have been conducted to prove the effectiveness of the DPSV approach in estimating microparticle velocities. A digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)-based approach has been used as a baseline against which the outcomes of our methods have been evaluated. The combination of the suitability of the micro-optical components for integration, along with the MoF chamber device and the DPSV approach, demonstrates a proof of concept towards the challenge of real-time total-on-chip analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Cutuli
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.S.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Dario Sanalitro
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.S.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Stella
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.S.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Lorena Saitta
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maide Bucolo
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.S.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
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3
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Wang Y, Chen J, Su G, Mei J, Li J. A Review of Single-Cell Microrobots: Classification, Driving Methods and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1710. [PMID: 37763873 PMCID: PMC10537272 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell microrobots are new microartificial devices that use a combination of single cells and artificial devices, with the advantages of small size, easy degradation and ease of manufacture. With externally driven strategies such as light fields, sound fields and magnetic fields, microrobots are able to carry out precise micromanipulations and movements in complex microenvironments. Therefore, single-cell microrobots have received more and more attention and have been greatly developed in recent years. In this paper, we review the main classifications, control methods and recent advances in the field of single-cell microrobot applications. First, different types of robots, such as cell-based microrobots, bacteria-based microrobots, algae-based microrobots, etc., and their design strategies and fabrication processes are discussed separately. Next, three types of external field-driven technologies, optical, acoustic and magnetic, are presented and operations realized in vivo and in vitro by applying these three technologies are described. Subsequently, the results achieved by these robots in the fields of precise delivery, minimally invasive therapy are analyzed. Finally, a short summary is given and current challenges and future work on microbial-based robotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junyang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (G.S.); (J.M.)
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4
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Simone G. Trends of Biosensing: Plasmonics through Miniaturization and Quantum Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36601882 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extremely old concepts, plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been increasingly popular in the recent two decades due to the growing interest in nanooptics and are now of relevant significance in regards to applications associated with human health. Plasmonics integration into point-of-care devices for health surveillance has enabled significant levels of sensitivity and limit of detection to be achieved and has encouraged the expansion of the fields of study and market niches devoted to the creation of quick and incredibly sensitive label-free detection. The trend reflects in wearable plasmonic sensor development as well as point-of-care applications for widespread applications, demonstrating the potential impact of the new generation of plasmonic biosensors on human well-being through the concepts of personalized medicine and global health. In this context, the aim here is to discuss the potential, limitations, and opportunities for improvement that have arisen as a result of the integration of plasmonics into microsystems and lab-on-chip over the past five years. Recent applications of plasmonic biosensors in microsystems and sensor performance are analyzed. The final analysis focuses on the integration of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip with quantum plasmonics technology prospecting it as a promising solution for chemical and biological sensing. Here it is underlined how the research in the field of quantum plasmonic sensing for biological applications has flourished over the past decade with the aim to overcome the limits given by quantum fluctuations and noise. The significant advances in nanophotonics, plasmonics and microsystems used to create increasingly effective biosensors would continue to benefit this field if harnessed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- Chemical Engineering, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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5
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Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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6
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Wu HM, Lo TC, Tsai CL, Chen LH, Huang HY, Wang HS, Yu J. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated MicroRNA-138-5p Regulates Embryo Implantation and Early Pregnancy by Adjusting GPR124. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061172. [PMID: 35745744 PMCID: PMC9230557 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional embryo–maternal interactions occur during the embryo implantation and placentation. Extracellular vesicles with microRNA (miR) between cells have been considered of critical importance for embryo implantation and the programming of human pregnancy. MiR-138-5p functions as the transcriptional regulator of G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124). However, the signaling pathway of miR138-5p- and GPR124-adjusted NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we examine the roles of the miR138-5p and GPR124-regulated inflammasome in embryo implantation and early pregnancy. Human decidual stromal cells were isolated from the abortus tissue and collected by curettage from missed abortion patients and normal pregnant women at 6- to 12-week gestation, after informed consent. Isolated extracellular vesicles from decidua and decidual stromal cells were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and microarray were performed for miR analysis. The predicated target genes of the differentially expressed miR were analyzed to identify the target genes and their pathway. We demonstrated the down-regulation of miR-138-5p and the overexpression of GPR124 in spontaneous miscarriage compared to normal pregnancy. We also showed the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in spontaneous miscarriage compared to normal pregnancy. Here, we newly demonstrate that the miR-138-5p and GPR124-adjusted NLRP3 inflammasome were expressed in extracellular vesicles derived from decidua and decidual stromal cells, indicating that the miR-138-5p, GPR124 and NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome have a potential modulatory role on the decidual programming and placentation of human pregnancy. Our findings represent a new concept regarding the role of extracellular vesicles, miR-138-5p, GPR124, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in normal early pregnancy and spontaneous miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ming Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-L.T.); (L.-H.C.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-S.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tzu-Chi Lo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-L.T.); (L.-H.C.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Liang-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-L.T.); (L.-H.C.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Hong-Yuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-L.T.); (L.-H.C.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Hsin-Shih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-L.T.); (L.-H.C.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (J.Y.)
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7
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Exosomal RNAs: Novel Potential Biomarkers for Diseases-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052461. [PMID: 35269604 PMCID: PMC8910301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell specificity and reflect the conditions of their donor cells. Notably, their detection in biofluids can be used as a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosomal RNAs are ideal biomarkers because their surrounding membranes confer stability and they are detectable in almost all biofluids, which helps to reduce trauma and avoid invasive examinations. However, knowledge of exosomal biomarkers remains scarce. The present review summarizes the biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes, the current researches exploring exosomal mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of human diseases, as well as recent techniques of exosome isolation.
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8
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Bahnemann J, Grünberger A. Microfluidics in Biotechnology: Overview and Status Quo. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 179:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Liao Y, Mechulam Y, Lassalle-Kaiser B. A millisecond passive micromixer with low flow rate, low sample consumption and easy fabrication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20119. [PMID: 34635693 PMCID: PMC8505571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast mixing of small volumes of solutions in microfluidic devices is essential for an accurate control and observation of the dynamics of a reaction in biological or chemical studies. It is often, however, a challenging task, as the Reynolds number (Re) in microscopic devices is typically < 100. In this report, we detail a novel mixer based on the “staggered herring bone” (SHB) pattern and “split-recombination” strategies with an optimized geometry, the periodic rotation of the flow structure can be controlled and recombined in a way that the vortices and phase shifts of the flow induce intertwined lamellar structures, thus increasing the contact surface and enhancing mixing. The optimization improves the mixing while using a low flow rate, hence a small volume for mixing and moderate pressure drops. The performances of the patterns were first simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics under different operating conditions. The simulation indicates that at very low flow rate (1–12 µL·min−1) and Re (3.3–40), as well as a very small working volume (~ 3 nL), a very good mixing (~ 98%) can be achieved in the ms time range (4.5–78 ms). The most promising design was then visualized experimentally, showing results that are consistent with the outcomes of the simulations. Importantly, the devices were fabricated using a classical soft-lithography method, as opposed to additive manufacturing often used to generate complex mixing structures. This new device minimizes the sample consumption and could therefore be applied for studies using precious samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liao
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,IamFluidics BV, High Tech Factory, De Veldmaat 17, 7522 NM, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Yves Mechulam
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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10
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Live Cell Imaging of Peptide Uptake Using a Microfluidic Platform. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Le NXT, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Poly(acrylic acid) as an adhesion promoter for UV-assisted thermoplastic bonding: Application for the in vitro construction of human blood vessels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111874. [PMID: 33641892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we introduced a novel adhesion bonding method for fabricating thermoplastic microdevices using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a UV-assisted adhesion promoter. The bonding mechanism was based on the covalent cross-links between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PAA via the free radicals in their carbon backbone generated under UV irradiation. The water contact angle and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis were performed to analyze the surface characteristics of the PAA-coated PMMA. PMMAs were bonded under UV treatment for 60 s with the highest bond strength of around 1.18 MPa. The PMMA microdevice was leak-proof for over 200 h. Besides, clog-free PMMA microdevices with various-sizes microchannels were performed to demonstrate such a high applicable bonding method for microdevice fabrication. Moreover, PMMAs were bonded with other thermoplastics with a bond strength of around 0.5 MPa. Notably, collagen was easily coated inside the PMMA microchannels via electrostatic interaction between PAA and collagen which is beneficial for on-device cell culture. As a result, a layered co-culture model of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was realized inside simple straight microchannels mimicking human blood vessel wall. Therefore, the introduced bonding method could pave the way for fabricating microdevice for cell-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuan Thanh Le
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ortseifen V, Viefhues M, Wobbe L, Grünberger A. Microfluidics for Biotechnology: Bridging Gaps to Foster Microfluidic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589074. [PMID: 33282849 PMCID: PMC7691494 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics and novel lab-on-a-chip applications have the potential to boost biotechnological research in ways that are not possible using traditional methods. Although microfluidic tools were increasingly used for different applications within biotechnology in recent years, a systematic and routine use in academic and industrial labs is still not established. For many years, absent innovative, ground-breaking and “out-of-the-box” applications have been made responsible for the missing drive to integrate microfluidic technologies into fundamental and applied biotechnological research. In this review, we highlight microfluidics’ offers and compare them to the most important demands of the biotechnologists. Furthermore, a detailed analysis in the state-of-the-art use of microfluidics within biotechnology was conducted exemplarily for four emerging biotechnological fields that can substantially benefit from the application of microfluidic systems, namely the phenotypic screening of cells, the analysis of microbial population heterogeneity, organ-on-a-chip approaches and the characterisation of synthetic co-cultures. The analysis resulted in a discussion of potential “gaps” that can be responsible for the rare integration of microfluidics into biotechnological studies. Our analysis revealed six major gaps, concerning the lack of interdisciplinary communication, mutual knowledge and motivation, methodological compatibility, technological readiness and missing commercialisation, which need to be bridged in the future. We conclude that connecting microfluidics and biotechnology is not an impossible challenge and made seven suggestions to bridge the gaps between those disciplines. This lays the foundation for routine integration of microfluidic systems into biotechnology research procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ortseifen
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology/CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology/CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Jafari D, Malih S, Eini M, Jafari R, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Sadeghizadeh M, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Improvement, scaling-up, and downstream analysis of exosome production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1098-1112. [PMID: 32772758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the most researched extracellular vesicles. In many biological, physiological, and pathological studies, they have been identified as suitable candidates for treatment and diagnosis of diseases by acting as the carriers of both drugs and genes. Considerable success has been achieved regarding the use of exosomes for tissue regeneration, cancer diagnosis, and targeted drug/gene delivery to specific tissues. While major progress has been made in exosome extraction and purification, extraction of large quantities of exosomes is still a major challenge. This issue limits the scope of both exosome-based research and therapeutic development. In this review, we have aimed to summarize experimental studies focused at increasing the number of exosomes. Biotechnological studies aimed at identifying the pathways of exosome biogenesis to manipulate some genes in order to increase the production of exosomes. Generally, two major strategies are employed to increase the production of exosomes. First, oogenesis pathways are genetically manipulated to overexpress activator genes of exosome biogenesis and downregulate the genes involved in exosome recycling pathways. Second, manipulation of the cell culture medium, treatment with specific drugs, and limiting certain conditions can force the cell to produce more exosomes. In this study, we have reviewed and categorized these strategies. It is hoped that the information presented in this review will provide a better understanding for expanding biotechnological approaches in exosome-based therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Malih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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A microfluidic platform integrating paper adsorption-based sample clean-up and voltage-assisted liquid desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for biological sample analysis. Talanta 2020; 217:121106. [PMID: 32498849 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical application of direct sampling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) remains limited due to problems associated with very "dirty" sample matrices. Herein we report on a microfluidic platform that allows direct mass spectrometric analysis of serum samples of microliter sizes. The platform integrates in-line paper adsorption-based sample clean-up and voltage assisted liquid desorption ESI-MS/MS (VAL DESI-MS/MS) to detect multiple targeted compounds of clinical interest. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were selected as model analytes. Simultaneous quantification of these compounds in human serum samples was demonstrated. For all the three compounds, linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range from 0.20 to 20.0 μmol/L with r2 values ≥ 0.996. Limits of detection were 0.019, 0.015, and 0.011 μmol/L for AMP, ADP, and ATP, respectively. Recovery was found in the range from 96.5% to 103.5% at spiking concentrations of 0.25 and 2.50 μmol/L. The results indicate that the proposed microfluidic mass spectrometric platform is robust and effective. It may have a potential in clinical analysis.
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15
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Yang D, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ma L, Larcher LM, Chen S, Liu N, Zhao Q, Tran PH, Chen C, Veedu RN, Wang T. Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:3684-3707. [PMID: 32206116 PMCID: PMC7069071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450000
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Statistics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Leon M. Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nan Liu
- General Practice Centre, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, 528244, Foshan, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- School of Medicine, and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 3216, Australia
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
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16
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Kryou C, Leva V, Chatzipetrou M, Zergioti I. Bioprinting for Liver Transplantation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E95. [PMID: 31658719 PMCID: PMC6956058 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques can be used for the in vitro fabrication of functional complex bio-structures. Thus, extensive research is being carried on the use of various techniques for the development of 3D cellular structures. This article focuses on direct writing techniques commonly used for the fabrication of cell structures. Three different types of bioprinting techniques are depicted: Laser-based bioprinting, ink-jet bioprinting and extrusion bioprinting. Further on, a special reference is made to the use of the bioprinting techniques for the fabrication of 2D and 3D liver model structures and liver on chip platforms. The field of liver tissue engineering has been rapidly developed, and a wide range of materials can be used for building novel functional liver structures. The focus on liver is due to its importance as one of the most critical organs on which to test new pharmaceuticals, as it is involved in many metabolic and detoxification processes, and the toxicity of the liver is often the cause of drug rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kryou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Valentina Leva
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | | | - Ioanna Zergioti
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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17
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Su W, Li H, Chen W, Qin J. Microfluidic strategies for label-free exosomes isolation and analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Zheng Y, Wu Z, Khan M, Mao S, Manibalan K, Li N, Lin JM, Lin L. Multifunctional Regulation of 3D Cell-Laden Microsphere Culture on an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12283-12289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zengnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kesavan Manibalan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Deng C, Naler LB, Lu C. Microfluidic epigenomic mapping technologies for precision medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2630-2650. [PMID: 31338502 PMCID: PMC6697104 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenomic mapping of tissue samples generates critical insights into genome-wide regulations of gene activities and expressions during normal development and disease processes. Epigenomic profiling using a low number of cells produced by patient and mouse samples presents new challenges to biotechnologists. In this review, we first discuss the rationale and premise behind profiling epigenomes for precision medicine. We then examine the existing literature on applying microfluidics to facilitate low-input and high-throughput epigenomic profiling, with emphasis on technologies enabling interfacing with next-generation sequencing. We detail assays on studies of histone modifications, DNA methylation, 3D chromatin structures and non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss what the future may hold in terms of method development and translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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20
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Abstract
A microfluidic device as a pivotal research tool in chemistry and life science is now widely recognized. Indeed, microfluidic techniques have made significant advancements in fundamental research, such as the inherent heterogeneity of single-cells studies in cell populations, which would be helpful in understanding cellular molecular mechanisms and clinical diagnosis of major diseases. Single-cell analyses on microdevices have shown great potential for precise fluid control, cell manipulation, and signal output with rapid and high throughput. Moreover, miniaturized devices also have open functions such as integrating with traditional detection methods, for example, optical, electrochemical or mass spectrometry for single-cell analysis. In this review, we summarized recent advances of single-cell analysis based on various microfluidic approaches from different dimensions, such as in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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21
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Advances in exosomes technology. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Kim JY, O’Hare D. Monolithic nano-porous polymer in microfluidic channels for lab-chip liquid chromatography. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:19. [PMID: 30101052 PMCID: PMC6061252 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a nano-porous polymer has been integrated into the microfluidics device as on-chip monolithic liquid chromatography column for separation of chemical and biological samples. Monolithic nano-porous polymer (MNP) was formed and firmly grafted on the surface of the microfluidic channel. Neurotransmitters, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT), were successfully separated with the developed on-chip MNP column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-young Kim
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 South Korea
| | - Danny O’Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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24
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25
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26
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Phair RD. Differential equation methods for simulation of GFP kinetics in non-steady state experiments. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:763-771. [PMID: 29367436 PMCID: PMC6003217 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, combined with fluorescence microscopy, are widely used in cell biology to collect kinetic data on intracellular trafficking. Methods for extraction of quantitative information from these data are based on the mathematics of diffusion and tracer kinetics. Current methods, although useful and powerful, depend on the assumption that the cellular system being studied is in a steady state, that is, the assumption that all the molecular concentrations and fluxes are constant for the duration of the experiment. Here, we derive new tracer kinetic analytical methods for non-steady state biological systems by constructing mechanistic nonlinear differential equation models of the underlying cell biological processes and linking them to a separate set of differential equations governing the kinetics of the fluorescent tracer. Linking the two sets of equations is based on a new application of the fundamental tracer principle of indistinguishability and, unlike current methods, supports correct dependence of tracer kinetics on cellular dynamics. This approach thus provides a general mathematical framework for applications of GFP fluorescence microscopy (including photobleaching [FRAP, FLIP] and photoactivation to frequently encountered experimental protocols involving physiological or pharmacological perturbations (e.g., growth factors, neurotransmitters, acute knockouts, inhibitors, hormones, cytokines, and metabolites) that initiate mechanistically informative intracellular transients. When a new steady state is achieved, these methods automatically reduce to classical steady state tracer kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041
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27
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Electrospinning and microfluidics. ELECTROFLUIDODYNAMIC TECHNOLOGIES (EFDTS) FOR BIOMATERIALS AND MEDICAL DEVICES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7152487 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-101745-6.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Ketpun D, Sailasuta A, Suwannaphan T, Bhanpattanakul S, Pimpin A, Srituravanich W, Sripumkhai W, Jeamsaksiri W, Piyaviriyakul P. The Viability of Single Cancer Cells after Exposure to Hydrodynamic Shear Stresses in a Spiral Microchannel: A Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor Model. MICROMACHINES 2017; 9:E9. [PMID: 30393286 PMCID: PMC6187537 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has the fundamental responsibility to study cancer stem cells (CSC) in various models of human and animal neoplasms. However, the major impediments that spike our accomplishment are the lack of universal biomarkers and cellular heterogeneity. To cope with these restrictions, we have tried to apply the concept of single cell analysis, which has hitherto been recommended throughout the world as an imperative solution pack for resolving such dilemmas. Accordingly, our first step was to utilize a predesigned spiral microchannel fabricated by our laboratory to perform size-based single cell separation using mast cell tumor (MCT) cells as a model. However, the impact of hydrodynamic shear stresses (HSS) on mechanical cell injury and viability in a spiral microchannel has not been fully investigated so far. Intuitively, our computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has strongly revealed the formations of fluid shear stress (FSS) and extensional fluid stress (EFS) in the sorting system. The panel of biomedical assays has also disclosed cell degeneration and necrosis in the model. Therefore, we have herein reported the combinatorically detrimental effect of FSS and EFS on the viability of MCT cells after sorting in our spiral microchannel, with discussion on the possibly pathogenic mechanisms of HSS-induced cell injury in the study model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dettachai Ketpun
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Research Fellow in Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Achariya Sailasuta
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thammawit Suwannaphan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Alongkorn Pimpin
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Werayut Srituravanich
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronic Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand.
| | - Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri
- Thai Microelectronic Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand.
| | - Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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29
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Kale A, Song L, Lu X, Yu L, Hu G, Xuan X. Electrothermal enrichment of submicron particles in an insulator-based dielectrophoretic microdevice. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:887-896. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson USA
| | - Le Song
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson USA
| | - Liandong Yu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- LNM; Institute of Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- School of Engineering Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson USA
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30
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Li J, Wei J, Liu Y, Liu B, Liu T, Jiang Y, Ding L, Liu C. A microfluidic design to provide a stable and uniform in vitro microenvironment for cell culture inspired by the redundancy characteristic of leaf areoles. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 29063079 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The leaf venation is considered to be an optimal transportation system with the mesophyll cells being divided by minor veins into small regions named areoles. The transpiration of water in different regions of a leaf fluctuates over time making the transportation of water in veins fluctuate as well. However, because of the existence of multiple paths provided by the leaf venation network and the pits on the walls of the vessels, the pressure field and nutrient concentration in the areoles that the mesophyll cells live in are almost uniform. Therefore, inspired by such structures, a microfluidic design of a novel cell culture chamber has been proposed to obtain a stable and uniform microenvironment. The device consists of a novel microchannel system imitating the vessels in the leaf venation to transport the culture medium, a cell culture chamber imitating the areole and microgaps imitating the pits. The effects of the areole and pit on flow fields in the cell culture chamber have been discussed. The results indicate that the bio-inspired microfluidic device is a robust platform to provide an in vivo like fluidic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
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31
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Spalding MH, Dong L. Microfluidic chip for automated screening of carbon dioxide conditions for microalgal cell growth. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:064104. [PMID: 29204245 PMCID: PMC5699919 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a microfluidic device capable of screening carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions for microalgal cell growth. The device mainly consists of a microfluidic cell culture (MCC) unit, a gas concentration gradient generator (CGG), and an in-line cell growth optical measurement unit. The MCC unit is structured with multiple aqueous-filled cell culture channels at the top layer, multiple CO2 flow channels at the bottom layer, and a commercial hydrophobic gas semipermeable membrane sandwiched between the two channel layers. The CGG unit provides different CO2 concentrations to support photosynthesis of microalgae in the culture channels. The integration of the commercial gas semipermeable membrane into the cell culture device allows rapid mass transport and uniform distribution of CO2 inside the culture medium without using conventional agitation-assisted convection methods, because the diffusion of CO2 from the gas flow channels to the culture channels is fast over a small length scale. In addition, automated in-line monitoring of microalgal cell growth is realized via the optical measurement unit that is able to detect changes in the light intensity transmitted through the cell culture in the culture channels. The microfluidic device also allows a simple grayscale analysis method to quantify the cell growth. The utility of the system is validated by growing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells under different low or very-low CO2 levels below the nominal ambient CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yuncong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Martin H Spalding
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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32
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Hu T, Zhang JL. Mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:351-372. [PMID: 28859259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, which have a core function in energy storage, signalling and biofilm structures, play important roles in a variety of cellular processes because of the great diversity of their structural and physiochemical properties. Lipidomics is the large-scale profiling and quantification of biogenic lipid molecules, the comprehensive study of their pathways and the interpretation of their physiological significance based on analytical chemistry and statistical analysis. Lipidomics will not only provide insight into the physiological functions of lipid molecules but will also provide an approach to discovering important biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment of human diseases. Mass-spectrometry-based analytical techniques are currently the most widely used and most effective tools for lipid profiling and quantification. In this review, the field of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics was discussed. Recent progress in all essential steps in lipidomics was carefully discussed in this review, including lipid extraction strategies, separation techniques and mass-spectrometry-based analytical and quantitative methods in lipidomics. We also focused on novel resolution strategies for difficult problems in determining C=C bond positions in lipidomics. Finally, new technologies that were developed in recent years including single-cell lipidomics, flux-based lipidomics and multiomics technologies were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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33
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Aboelkassem Y. Stokes flow patterns induced by a single cardiac cell. Comput Biol Med 2017; 86:65-74. [PMID: 28511120 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stokes flow motions induced by a beating single cardiac cell (cardiomyocyte) are obtained numerically using the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). A two-dimensional meshfree-Stokeslets computational framework is used to solve the Stokes governing equations around an isolated cardiomyocyte. An approximate beating kinematical model is derived and used to approximate the cell-length shortening over a complete cardiac cycle. The induced flow patterns have been found to be characterized by the presence of counter-rotating vortices at both cell's edges. These vortical flow structures are clearly shown by rendering the velocity streamlines. The static pressure contours are also calculated at different time snapshots during both contraction and relaxation phases of the beating motion. The pressure signal is calculated at a point in the neighborhood of cell surface to capture the induced normal stress (traction) by the cell morphological motions to the surrounding fluid medium. The presented results have shown that, cells with a slightly different shortening/beating profile can induce different flow field. This implies that, each cell is characterized by a unique flow pattern "signature", which potentially can be correlated to the sub-cellular excitation-contraction processes of cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Aboelkassem
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Gholizadeh S, Shehata Draz M, Zarghooni M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ghavami S, Shafiee H, Akbari M. Microfluidic approaches for isolation, detection, and characterization of extracellular vesicles: Current status and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:588-605. [PMID: 28088752 PMCID: PMC5323331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles present in body fluids that play an essential role in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, inflammation, cellular homeostasis, survival, transport, and regeneration. Their isolation and analysis from body fluids have a great clinical potential to provide information on a variety of disease states such as cancer, cardiovascular complications and inflammatory disorders. Despite increasing scientific and clinical interest in this field, there are still no standardized procedures available for the purification, detection, and characterization of EVs. Advances in microfluidics allow for chemical sampling with increasingly high spatial resolution and under precise manipulation down to single molecule level. In this review, our objective is to give a brief overview on the working principle and examples of the isolation and detection methods with the potential to be used for extracellular vesicles. This review will also highlight the integrated on-chip systems for isolation and characterization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Shehata Draz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy& Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Health Research Policy Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 2C5; Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
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Dynamic monitoring of membrane nanotubes formation induced by vaccinia virus on a high throughput microfluidic chip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44835. [PMID: 28317863 PMCID: PMC5357912 DOI: 10.1038/srep44835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) are physical connections for intercellular communication and induced by various viruses. However, the formation of vaccinia virus (VACV)-induced MNTs has never been studied. In this report, VACV-induced MNTs formation process was monitored on a microfluidic chip equipped with a series of side chambers, which protected MNTs from fluidic shear stress. MNTs were formed between susceptible cells and be facilitated by VACV infection through three patterns. The formed MNTs varied with cell migration and virus concentration. The length of MNTs was positively correlated with the distance of cell migration. With increasing virus titer, the peak value of the ratio of MNT-carried cell appeared earlier. The immunofluorescence assay indicated that the rearrangement of actin fibers induced by VACV infection may lead to the formation of MNTs. This study presents evidence for the formation of MNTs induced by virus and helps us to understand the relationship between pathogens and MNTs.
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Hsu KC, Hsu PF, Hung CC, Chiang CH, Jiang SJ, Lin CC, Huang YL. Microfluidic desorption-free magnetic solid phase extraction of Hg2+ from biological samples using cysteine-coated gold-magnetite core-shell nanoparticles prior to its quantitation by ICP-MS. Talanta 2017; 162:523-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dynamic Microenvironment Induces Phenotypic Plasticity of Esophageal Cancer Cells Under Flow. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38221. [PMID: 27910892 PMCID: PMC5133540 DOI: 10.1038/srep38221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment is a remarkably heterogeneous composition of cellular and non-cellular components, regulated by both external and intrinsic physical and chemical stimuli. Physical alterations driven by increased proliferation of neoplastic cells and angiogenesis in the cancer microenvironment result in the exposure of the cancer cells to elevated levels of flow-based shear stress. We developed a dynamic microfluidic cell culture platform utilizing eshopagael cancer cells as model cells to investigate the phenotypic changes of cancer cells upon exposure to fluid shear stress. We report the epithelial to hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal transition as a result of decreasing E-Cadherin and increasing N-Cadherin and vimentin expressions, higher clonogenicity and ALDH positive expression of cancer cells cultured in a dynamic microfluidic chip under laminar flow compared to the static culture condition. We also sought regulation of chemotherapeutics in cancer microenvironment towards phenotypic control of cancer cells. Such in vitro microfluidic system could potentially be used to monitor how the interstitial fluid dynamics affect cancer microenvironment and plasticity on a simple, highly controllable and inexpensive bioengineered platform.
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Scattolini V, Luni C, Zambon A, Galvanin S, Gagliano O, Ciubotaru CD, Avogaro A, Mammano F, Elvassore N, Fadini GP. Simvastatin Rapidly and Reversibly Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Intact Single-Islet Cultures. Diabetes Ther 2016; 7:679-693. [PMID: 27830474 PMCID: PMC5118248 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-016-0210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies suggest that statins may promote the development or exacerbation of diabetes, but whether this occurs through inhibition of insulin secretion is unclear. This lack of understanding is partly due to the cellular models used to explore this phenomenon (cell lines or pooled islets), which are non-physiologic and have limited clinical transferability. METHODS Here, we study the effect of simvastatin on insulin secretion using single-islet cultures, an optimal compromise between biological observability and physiologic fidelity. We develop and validate a microfluidic device to study single-islet function ex vivo, which allows for switching between media of different compositions with a resolution of seconds. In parallel, fluorescence imaging provides real-time analysis of the membrane voltage potential, cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics, and insulin release during perfusion under 3 or 11 mM glucose. RESULTS We found that simvastatin reversibly inhibits insulin secretion, even in high-glucose. This phenomenon is very rapid (<60 s), occurs without affecting Ca2+ concentrations, and is likely unrelated to cholesterol biosynthesis and protein isoprenylation, which occur on a time span of hours. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first real-time live demonstration that a statin inhibits insulin secretion in intact islets and that single islets respond differently from cell lines on a short time scale. FUNDING University of Padova, EASD Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35129, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Camilla Luni
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zambon
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Galvanin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Onelia Gagliano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35129, Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Measurement of Giardia lamblia adhesion force using an integrated microfluidic assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1451-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Dugan CE, Grinias JP, Parlee SD, El-Azzouny M, Evans CR, Kennedy RT. Monitoring cell secretions on microfluidic chips using solid-phase extraction with mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:169-178. [PMID: 27761614 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an enabling technology for both cell biology and chemical analysis. We combine these attributes with a microfluidic device for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of secreted metabolites from living cells in culture on the chip. The device was constructed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and contains a reversibly sealed chamber for perfusing cells. A multilayer design allowed a series of valves to control an on-chip 7.5 μL injection loop downstream of the cell chamber with operation similar to a six-port valve. The valve collects sample and then diverts it to a packed SPE bed that was connected in-line to treat samples prior to MS analysis. The valve allows samples to be collected and injected onto the SPE bed while preventing exposure of cells to added back pressure from the SPE bed and organic solvents needed to elute collected chemicals. Here, cultured murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes were loaded into the cell chamber and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) that were secreted by the cells were monitored by SPE-MS at 30 min intervals. The limit of detection for a palmitoleic acid standard was 1.4 μM. Due to the multiplexed detection capabilities of MS, a variety of NEFAs were detected. Upon stimulation with isoproterenol and forskolin, secretion of select NEFAs was elevated an average of 1.5-fold compared to basal levels. Despite the 30-min delay between sample injections, this device is a step towards a miniaturized system that allows automated monitoring and identification of a variety of molecules in the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Dugan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mahmoud El-Azzouny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles R Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Gonçalves D, Wolf MP, Hunziker P. Microfluidic 3D Helix Mixers. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7100189. [PMID: 30404361 PMCID: PMC6190165 DOI: 10.3390/mi7100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microfluidic systems are well suited for miniaturized devices with complex functionality, and rapid prototyping methods for 3D microfluidic structures are increasingly used. Mixing at the microscale and performing chemical reactions at the microscale are important applications of such systems and we therefore explored feasibility, mixing characteristics and the ability to control a chemical reaction in helical 3D channels produced by the emerging thread template method. Mixing at the microscale is challenging because channel size reduction for improving solute diffusion comes at the price of a reduced Reynolds number that induces a strictly laminar flow regime and abolishes turbulence that would be desired for improved mixing. Microfluidic 3D helix mixers were rapidly prototyped in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using low-surface energy polymeric threads, twisted to form 2-channel and 3-channel helices. Structure and flow characteristics were assessed experimentally by microscopy, hydraulic measurements and chromogenic reaction, and were modeled by computational fluid dynamics. We found that helical 3D microfluidic systems produced by thread templating allow rapid prototyping, can be used for mixing and for controlled chemical reaction with two or three reaction partners at the microscale. Compared to the conventional T-shaped microfluidic system used as a control device, enhanced mixing and faster chemical reaction was found to occur due to the combination of diffusive mixing in small channels and flow folding due to the 3D helix shape. Thus, microfluidic 3D helix mixers can be rapidly prototyped using the thread template method and are an attractive and competitive method for fluid mixing and chemical reactions at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette B Salieb-Beugelaar
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- The European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine (CLINAM), Alemannengasse 12, CH-4016 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Gonçalves
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marc P Wolf
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- The European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine (CLINAM), Alemannengasse 12, CH-4016 Basel, Switzerland.
- Intensive Care Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Peroxynitrous-acid-induced chemiluminescence detection of nitrite based on Microfluidic chip. Talanta 2016; 154:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fully-Programmable, Low-Cost, “Do-It-Yourself” Pressure Source for General Purpose Use in the Microfluidic Laboratory. INVENTIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions1020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aldo P, Marusov G, Svancara D, David J, Mor G. Simple Plex(™) : A Novel Multi-Analyte, Automated Microfluidic Immunoassay Platform for the Detection of Human and Mouse Cytokines and Chemokines. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:678-93. [PMID: 27170460 PMCID: PMC5084752 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem Quantitative measurement of proteins in bodily fluids or cellular preparations is critical for the evaluation of biomarkers or the study of complex cellular processes. While immunoassays are the most common quantitative approach used so far, they are not practical for the evaluation of multiple proteins. Microfluidic technology allows a fine spatial control in immobilizing proteins and biomolecules inside microchannels, eliminating cross‐reactivity between competing analytes, and allowing rapid and sensitive detection of targeted antigens for multiple applications. We report the characterization and validation of the Simple Plex™ platform for the detection and quantification of cytokines and chemokines from human and mouse samples. Method Cytokine and chemokine expression levels were determined using Simple Plex cartridges from ProteinSimple. Serum samples were obtained from the Yale Biorepository. Results Our data demonstrate an excellent correlation between the results obtained with Simple Plex and conventional immunoassays such as ELISA and Luminex. Conclusion We describe the characterization and validation of Simple Plex, a novel multi‐analyte, automated microfluidic platform that allows the evaluation of cytokines and chemokines from human and mice biological samples. Simple Plex showed significant advantages over traditional approaches in terms of low sample volume requirements, sensitivity and dynamic range, coefficient of variation, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulomi Aldo
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gil Mor
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, CT, USA
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Kanhere A, Lin G, Jiang H. Remote Axial Tuning in Microscopy Utilizing Hydrogel-Driven Tunable Liquid Lens. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS : A JOINT IEEE AND ASME PUBLICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MICROACTUATORS, MICROSENSORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2016; 25:304-310. [PMID: 31983867 PMCID: PMC6980786 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2016.2518922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the use of a tunable-focus thermo-responsive hydrogel based liquid lens in combination with an objective lens to achieve remote axial focusing in a conventional microscopy. The goal of this design is to eliminate image distortion due to sample vibrations caused by mechanical stage scanning. This approach reduces the mechanical complexity and power consumption due to the use of electrically tunable lenses while achieving a two-fold increase in the axial scanning range. The merits of the proposed design were demonstrated by characterizing a customized microscope system over a scanning range of 1700 μm. A lateral resolution of 2 μm was obtained consistently throughout the scanning range. Healthy Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 insect cells imaging was used to verify the depth scanning ability and the resolution of our remote focusing microscope system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kanhere
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Guangyun Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Materials Science Program and the McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706 USA
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Short-Stalked Prosthecomicrobium hirschii Cells Have a Caulobacter-Like Cell Cycle. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:1149-59. [PMID: 26833409 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00896-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The dimorphic alphaproteobacterium Prosthecomicrobium hirschii has both short-stalked and long-stalked morphotypes. Notably, these morphologies do not arise from transitions in a cell cycle. Instead, the maternal cell morphology is typically reproduced in daughter cells, which results in microcolonies of a single cell type. In this work, we further characterized the short-stalked cells and found that these cells have a Caulobacter-like life cycle in which cell division leads to the generation of two morphologically distinct daughter cells. Using a microfluidic device and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we observed that motile short-stalked cells attach to a surface by means of a polar adhesin. Cells attached at their poles elongate and ultimately release motile daughter cells. Robust biofilm growth occurs in the microfluidic device, enabling the collection of synchronous motile cells and downstream analysis of cell growth and attachment. Analysis of a draft P. hirschii genome sequence indicates the presence of CtrA-dependent cell cycle regulation. This characterization of P. hirschii will enable future studies on the mechanisms underlying complex morphologies and polymorphic cell cycles. IMPORTANCE Bacterial cell shape plays a critical role in regulating important behaviors, such as attachment to surfaces, motility, predation, and cellular differentiation; however, most studies on these behaviors focus on bacteria with relatively simple morphologies, such as rods and spheres. Notably, complex morphologies abound throughout the bacteria, with striking examples, such as P. hirschii, found within the stalked Alphaproteobacteria. P. hirschii is an outstanding candidate for studies of complex morphology generation and polymorphic cell cycles. Here, the cell cycle and genome of P. hirschii are characterized. This work sets the stage for future studies of the impact of complex cell shapes on bacterial behaviors.
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Guiro K, Arinzeh TL. Bioengineering Models for Breast Cancer Research. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 9:57-70. [PMID: 26792996 PMCID: PMC4712981 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in early diagnosis, breast cancer (BC) still remains a clinical challenge. Most BC models use complex in vivo models and two-dimensional monolayer cultures that do not fully mimic the tumor microenvironment. The integration of cancer biology and engineering can lead to the development of novel in vitro approaches to study BC behavior and quantitatively assess different features of the tumor microenvironment that may influence cell behavior. In this review, we present tissue engineering approaches to model BC in vitro. Recent advances in the use of three-dimensional cell culture models to study various aspects of BC disease in vitro are described. The emerging area of studying BC dormancy using these models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidiatou Guiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Treena L Arinzeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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Brischwein M. Sensor-based microphysiometry. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:7083-6. [PMID: 26737924 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The capability of continuously monitoring cells and tissues in real-time for hours or days supports the value of a sensor-based microphysiometric approach. While there are widespread applications now for in-vitro settings, the use for smart, implanted devices is just beginning. The spectrum of analysed functional parameters comprises cellular morphological dynamics, metabolic activity and patterns of electric activity. An outline of a study on human tumor tissue samples gives an example of the potential benefits and challenges of in-vitro microphysiometry.
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50
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Esfahani MMN, Tarn MD, Choudhury TA, Hewitt LC, Mayo AJ, Rubin TA, Waller MR, Christensen MG, Dawson A, Pamme N. Lab-on-a-chip workshop activities for secondary school students. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011301. [PMID: 26865902 PMCID: PMC4744233 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engage and inspire younger generations in novel areas of science is important for bringing new researchers into a burgeoning field, such as lab-on-a-chip. We recently held a lab-on-a-chip workshop for secondary school students, for which we developed a number of hands-on activities that explained various aspects of microfluidic technology, including fabrication (milling and moulding of microfluidic devices, and wax printing of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, so-called μPADs), flow regimes (gradient formation via diffusive mixing), and applications (tissue analysis and μPADs). Questionnaires completed by the students indicated that they found the workshop both interesting and informative, with all activities proving successful, while providing feedback that could be incorporated into later iterations of the event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Tarn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Tahmina A Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Mayo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore A Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew R Waller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Dawson
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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