1
|
Han Y, Desai AA, Zupancic JM, Smith MD, Tessier PM, Ruotolo BT. Native ion mobility-mass spectrometry reveals the binding mechanisms of anti-amyloid therapeutic antibodies. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5008. [PMID: 38723181 PMCID: PMC11081520 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important attributes of anti-amyloid antibodies is their selective binding to oligomeric and amyloid aggregates. However, current methods of examining the binding specificities of anti-amyloid β (Aβ) antibodies have limited ability to differentiate between complexes that form between antibodies and monomeric or oligomeric Aβ species during the dynamic Aβ aggregation process. Here, we present a high-resolution native ion-mobility mass spectrometry (nIM-MS) method to investigate complexes formed between a variety of Aβ oligomers and three Aβ-specific IgGs, namely two antibodies with relatively high conformational specificity (aducanumab and A34) and one antibody with low conformational specificity (crenezumab). We found that crenezumab primarily binds Aβ monomers, while aducanumab preferentially binds Aβ monomers and dimers and A34 preferentially binds Aβ dimers, trimers, and tetrameters. Through collision induced unfolding (CIU) analysis, our data indicate that antibody stability is increased upon Aβ binding and, surprisingly, this stabilization involves the Fc region. Together, we conclude that nIM-MS and CIU enable the identification of Aβ antibody binding stoichiometries and provide important details regarding antibody binding mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Han
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Alec A. Desai
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Zupancic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schairer J, Römer J, Lang D, Neusüß C. CE-MS/MS and CE-timsTOF to separate and characterize intramolecular disulfide bridges of monoclonal antibody subunits and their application for the assessment of subunit reduction protocols. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1599-1612. [PMID: 38296860 PMCID: PMC10899284 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Characterization at the subunit level enables detailed mass spectrometric characterization of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The implemented reduction often leaves the intramolecular disulfide bridges intact. Here, we present a capillary electrophoretic (CE) method based on a neutral-coated capillary for the separation of immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) digested and reduced mAb subunits followed by mass spectrometry (MS), MS/MS identification, and trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry (timsTOF). Our CE approach enables the separation of (i) different subunit moieties, (ii) various reduction states, and (iii) positional isomers of these partly reduced subunit moieties. The location of the remaining disulfide bridges can be determined by middle-down electron transfer higher energy collisional dissociation (EThcD) experiments. All these CE-separated variants show differences in ion mobility in the timsTOF measurements. Applying the presented CE-MS/MS method, reduction parameters such as the use of chaotropic salts were studied. For the investigated antibodies, urea improved the subunit reduction significantly, whereas guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) leads to multiple signals of the same subunit in the CE separation. The presented CE-MS method is a powerful tool for the disulfide-variant characterization of mAbs on the subunit level. It enables understanding disulfide bridge reduction processes in antibodies and potentially other proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Schairer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
- Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Z, Ma M, Jia Y, Cui Y, Zhao R, Li S, Wenthur C, Li L, Li G. Expedited Evaluation of Conformational Stability-Heterogeneity Associations for Crude Polyclonal Antibodies in Response to Conjugate Vaccines. Anal Chem 2023; 95:10895-10902. [PMID: 37433088 PMCID: PMC10695093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for immunotherapeutic intervention in substance use disorder, wherein a hapten structurally similar to the target drug is conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein. The antibodies generated following immunization with these species can provide long-lasting protection against overdose through sequestration of the abused drug in the periphery, which mitigates its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, these antibodies exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in structure. The resultant variations in chemical and structural compositions have not yet been clearly linked to the stability that directly affects their in vivo functional performance. In this work, we describe a rapid mass-spectrometry-based analytical workflow capable of simultaneous and comprehensive interrogation of the carrier protein-dependent heterogeneity and stability of crude polyclonal antibodies in response to conjugate vaccines. Quantitative collision-induced unfolding-ion mobility-mass spectrometry with an all-ion mode is adapted to rapidly assess the conformational heterogeneity and stability of crude serum antibodies collected from four different vaccine conditions, in an unprecedented manner. A series of bottom-up glycoproteomic experiments was performed to reveal the driving force underlying these observed heterogeneities. Overall, this study not only presents a generally applicable workflow for fast assessment of crude antibody conformational stability and heterogeneity at the intact protein level but also leverages carrier protein optimization as a simple solution to antibody quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Yifei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yusi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Cody Wenthur
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Gongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villafuerte-Vega RC, Li HW, Slaney TR, Chennamsetty N, Chen G, Tao L, Ruotolo BT. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Collision-Induced Unfolding of Designed Bispecific Antibody Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6962-6970. [PMID: 37067470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a critically important class of emerging therapeutics capable of targeting two different antigens simultaneously. As such, bsAbs have been developed as effective treatment agents for diseases that remain challenging for conventional monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics to access. Despite these advantages, bsAbs are intricate molecules, requiring both the appropriate engineering and pairing of heavy and light chains derived from separate parent mAbs. Current analytical tools for tracking the bsAb construction process have demonstrated a limited ability to robustly probe the higher-order structure (HOS) of bsAbs. Native ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and collision-induced unfolding (CIU) have proven to be useful tools in probing the HOS of mAb therapeutics. In this report, we describe a series of detailed and quantitative IM-MS and CIU data sets that reveal HOS details associated with a knob-into-hole (KiH) bsAb model system and its corresponding parent mAbs. We find that quantitative analysis of CIU data indicates that global KiH bsAb stability occupies an intermediate space between the stabilities recorded for its parent mAbs. Furthermore, our CIU data identify the hole-containing half of the KiH bsAb construct to be the least stable, thus driving much of the overall stability of the KiH bsAb. An analysis of both intact bsAb and enzymatic fragments allows us to associate the first and second CIU transitions observed for the intact KiH bsAb to the unfolding Fab and Fc domains, respectively. This result is likely general for CIU data collected for low charge state mAb ions and is supported by data acquired for deglycosylated KiH bsAb and mAb constructs, each of which indicates greater destabilization of the second CIU transition observed in our data. When integrated, our CIU analysis allows us to link changes in the first CIU transition primarily to the Fab region of the hole-containing halfmer, while the second CIU transition is likely strongly connected to the Fc region of the knob-containing halfmer. Taken together, our results provide an unprecedented road map for evaluating the domain-level stabilities and HOS of both KiH bsAb and mAb constructs using CIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry W Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Thomas R Slaney
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Naresh Chennamsetty
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Guodong Chen
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deslignière E, Ollivier S, Beck A, Ropartz D, Rogniaux H, Cianférani S. Benefits and Limitations of High-Resolution Cyclic IM-MS for Conformational Characterization of Native Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4162-4171. [PMID: 36780376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently represent the main class of therapeutic proteins. mAbs approved by regulatory agencies are selected from IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses, which possess different interchain disulfide connectivities. Ion mobility coupled to native mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has emerged as a valuable approach to tackle the challenging characterization of mAbs' higher order structures. However, due to the limited resolution of first-generation IM-MS instruments, subtle conformational differences on large proteins have long been hard to capture. Recent technological developments have aimed at increasing available IM resolving powers and acquisition mode capabilities, namely, through the release of high-resolution IM-MS (HR-IM-MS) instruments, like cyclic IM-MS (cIM-MS). Here, we outline the advantages and drawbacks of cIM-MS for better conformational characterization of intact mAbs (∼150 kDa) in native conditions compared to first-generation instruments. We first assessed the extent to which multipass cIM-MS experiments could improve the separation of mAbs' conformers. These initial results evidenced some limitations of HR-IM-MS for large native biomolecules which possess rich conformational landscapes that remain challenging to decipher even with higher IM resolving powers. Conversely, for collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches, higher resolution proved to be particularly useful (i) to reveal new unfolding states and (ii) to enhance the separation of coexisting activated states, thus allowing one to apprehend gas-phase CIU behaviors of mAbs directly at the intact level. Altogether, this study offers a first panoramic overview of the capabilities of cIM-MS for therapeutic mAbs, paving the way for more widespread HR-IM-MS/CIU characterization of mAb-derived formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evolène Deslignière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Simon Ollivier
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois 74160, France
| | - David Ropartz
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67087, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei B, Zenaidee MA, Lantz C, Williams BJ, Totten S, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA. Top-down mass spectrometry and assigning internal fragments for determining disulfide bond positions in proteins. Analyst 2022; 148:26-37. [PMID: 36399030 PMCID: PMC9772244 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01517j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds in proteins have a substantial impact on protein structure, stability, and biological activity. Localizing disulfide bonds is critical for understanding protein folding and higher-order structure. Conventional top-down mass spectrometry (TD-MS), where only terminal fragments are assigned for disulfide-intact proteins, can access disulfide information, but suffers from low fragmentation efficiency, thereby limiting sequence coverage. Here, we show that assigning internal fragments generated from TD-MS enhances the sequence coverage of disulfide-intact proteins by 20-60% by returning information from the interior of the protein sequence, which cannot be obtained by terminal fragments alone. The inclusion of internal fragments can extend the sequence information of disulfide-intact proteins to near complete sequence coverage. Importantly, the enhanced sequence information that arise from the assignment of internal fragments can be used to determine the relative position of disulfide bonds and the exact disulfide connectivity between cysteines. The data presented here demonstrates the benefits of incorporating internal fragment analysis into the TD-MS workflow for analyzing disulfide-intact proteins, which would be valuable for characterizing biotherapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benqian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Muhammad A Zenaidee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Norgate EL, Upton R, Hansen K, Bellina B, Brookes C, Politis A, Barran PE. Cold Denaturation of Proteins in the Absence of Solvent: Implications for Protein Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115047. [PMID: 35313047 PMCID: PMC9325448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the stability of proteins is well explored above 298 K, but harder to track experimentally below 273 K. Variable-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometry (VT IM-MS) allows us to measure the structure of molecules at sub-ambient temperatures. Here we monitor conformational changes that occur to two isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on cooling by measuring their collision cross sections (CCS) at discrete drift gas temperatures from 295 to 160 K. The CCS at 250 K is larger than predicted from collisional theory and experimental data at 295 K. This restructure is attributed to change in the strength of stabilizing intermolecular interactions. Below 250 K the CCS of the mAbs increases in line with prediction implying no rearrangement. Comparing data from isotypes suggest disulfide bridging influences thermal structural rearrangement. These findings indicate that in vacuo deep-freezing minimizes denaturation and maintains the native fold and VT IM-MS measurements at sub ambient temperatures provide new insights to the phenomenon of cold denaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Norgate
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rosie Upton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kjetil Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Bruno Bellina
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - C Brookes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, UK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Norgate EL, Upton R, Hansen K, Bellina B, Brookes C, Politis A, Barran PE. Cold Denaturation of Proteins in the Absence of Solvent: Implications for Protein Storage. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202115047. [PMID: 38505418 PMCID: PMC10947158 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the stability of proteins is well explored above 298 K, but harder to track experimentally below 273 K. Variable-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometry (VT IM-MS) allows us to measure the structure of molecules at sub-ambient temperatures. Here we monitor conformational changes that occur to two isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on cooling by measuring their collision cross sections (CCS) at discrete drift gas temperatures from 295 to 160 K. The CCS at 250 K is larger than predicted from collisional theory and experimental data at 295 K. This restructure is attributed to change in the strength of stabilizing intermolecular interactions. Below 250 K the CCS of the mAbs increases in line with prediction implying no rearrangement. Comparing data from isotypes suggest disulfide bridging influences thermal structural rearrangement. These findings indicate that in vacuo deep-freezing minimizes denaturation and maintains the native fold and VT IM-MS measurements at sub ambient temperatures provide new insights to the phenomenon of cold denaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Norgate
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Rosie Upton
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Kjetil Hansen
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Bruno Bellina
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - C. Brookes
- Bristol-Myers SquibbMoretonWirralCH46 1QWUK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vallejo DD, Jeon CK, Parson KF, Herderschee HR, Eschweiler JD, Filoti DI, Ruotolo BT. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Structures and Stabilities of Biotherapeutic Antibody Aggregates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6745-6753. [PMID: 35475624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stability is a key critical quality attribute monitored throughout the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Minor changes in their higher order structure (HOS) caused by stress or environment may alter mAb aggregation, immunogenicity, and efficacy. In addition, the structures of the resulting mAb aggregates are largely unknown, as are their dependencies on conditions under which they are created. In this report, we investigate the HOS of mAb monomers and dimers under a variety of forced degradation conditions with ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and collision-induced unfolding (CIU) technologies. We evaluate two model IgG1 antibodies that differ significantly only in their complementarity-determinant regions: IgG1α and IgG1β. Our data covering both heat- and pH-based forced degradation conditions, aquired on two different IM-MS platforms, show that these mAbs undergo global HOS changes at both monomer and dimer levels upon degradation, but shifts in collision cross section (CCS) differ under pH or heat degradation conditions. In addition, the level of CCS change detected is different between IgG1α and IgG1β, suggesting that differences in the CDR drive differential responses to degradation that influence the antibody HOS. Dramatically different CIU fingerprints are obtained for IgG1α and IgG1β monomers and dimers for both degradation conditions. Finally, we constructed a series of computational models of mAb dimers for comparison with experimental CCS values and found evidence for a compact, overlapped dimer structure under native and heat degradation conditions, possibly adopting an inverted or nonoverlapped quaternary structure when produced through pH degredation. We conclude by discussing the potential impact of our findings on ongoing biotherapeutic discovery and development efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chae Kyung Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kristine F Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hayley R Herderschee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Dana I Filoti
- AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vallejo DD, Rojas Ramírez C, Parson KF, Han Y, Gadkari VV, Ruotolo BT. Mass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7690-7719. [PMID: 35316030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a central technology in the life sciences, providing our most comprehensive account of the molecular inventory of the cell. In parallel with developments in mass spectrometry technologies targeting such assessments of cellular composition, mass spectrometry tools have emerged as versatile probes of biomolecular stability. In this review, we cover recent advancements in this branch of mass spectrometry that target proteins, a centrally important class of macromolecules that accounts for most biochemical functions and drug targets. Our efforts cover tools such as hydrogen-deuterium exchange, chemical cross-linking, ion mobility, collision induced unfolding, and other techniques capable of stability assessments on a proteomic scale. In addition, we focus on a range of application areas where mass spectrometry-driven protein stability measurements have made notable impacts, including studies of membrane proteins, heat shock proteins, amyloidogenic proteins, and biotherapeutics. We conclude by briefly discussing the future of this vibrant and fast-moving area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kristine F Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Varun V Gadkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vallejo DD, Kang J, Coghlan J, Ramírez CR, Polasky DA, Kurulugama RT, Fjeldsted JC, Schwendeman AA, Ruotolo BT. Collision-Induced Unfolding Reveals Stability Differences in Infliximab Therapeutics under Native and Heat Stress Conditions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16166-16174. [PMID: 34808055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and collision-induced unfolding (CIU) assays of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biotherapeutics have proven sensitive to disulfide bridge structures, glycosylation patterns, and small molecule conjugation levels. Despite promising prior reports detailing the capabilities of IM-MS and CIU to differentiate biosimilars, generic mAb therapeutics, there remain questions surrounding the sensitivity of CIU to mAb structure changes that occur upon stress, the reproducibility of such measurements across IM-MS platforms, and the correlation between CIU and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) datasets. In this report, we describe a comprehensive IM-MS and CIU dataset acquired for three Infliximabs: Remicade, Inflectra, and Renflexis. We subject each infliximab sample to forced degradation through heat stress and observe broadly similar yet subtly different stability patterns for these three biotherapeutics. We find that CIU is capable of tracking differences in mAb higher-order structure (HOS) imparted during forced heat stress degradation and that DSC is less sensitive to these alterations in comparison. Furthermore, we collected our comprehensive IM-MS and CIU data across two instrument platforms (Waters G2 and Agilent 6560), with both producing similar abilities to differentiate mAbs while also revealing minor differences between the results obtained on the two instruments. Finally, we demonstrate that CIU-based heatmaps and classification allow for rapid assessment of the most differentiating charge states for the analysis of infliximab, and using multiplexed classification, we conservatively estimate a 30-fold improvement in the time required to perform mAb stability and HOS measurements over standard DSC tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jukyung Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jill Coghlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel A Polasky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - John C Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Anna A Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deslignière E, Botzanowski T, Diemer H, Cooper-Shepherd DA, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Béchade G, Giles K, Hernandez-Alba O, Beck A, Cianférani S. High-Resolution IMS-MS to Assign Additional Disulfide Bridge Pairing in Complementarity-Determining Regions of an IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2505-2512. [PMID: 34437803 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have taken on an increasing importance for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers and immunological disorders. Disulfide bonds play a pivotal role in therapeutic antibody structure and activity relationships. Disulfide connectivity and cysteine-related variants are considered as critical quality attributes that must be monitored during mAb manufacturing and storage, as non-native disulfide bridges and aggregates might be responsible for loss of biological function and immunogenicity. The presence of cysteine residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) is rare in human antibodies but may be critical for the antigen-binding or deleterious for therapeutic antibody development. Consequently, in-depth characterization of their disulfide network is a prerequisite for mAb developability assessment. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques represent powerful tools for accurate identification of disulfide connectivity. We report here on the MS-based characterization of an IgG4 comprising two additional cysteine residues in the CDR of its light chain. Classical bottom-up approaches after trypsin digestion first allowed identification of a dipeptide containing two disulfide bridges. To further investigate the conformational heterogeneity of the disulfide-bridged dipeptide, we performed ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) experiments. Our results highlight benefits of high resolution IMS-MS to tackle the conformational landscape of disulfide peptides generated after trypsin digestion of a humanized IgG4 mAb under development. By comparing arrival time distributions of the mAb-collected and synthetic peptides, cyclic IMS afforded unambiguous assessment of disulfide bonds. In addition to classical peptide mapping, qualitative high-resolution IMS-MS can be of great interest to identify disulfide bonds within therapeutic mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evolène Deslignière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Guillaume Béchade
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Kevin Giles
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arndt JR, Wormwood Moser KL, Van Aken G, Doyle RM, Talamantes T, DeBord D, Maxon L, Stafford G, Fjeldsted J, Miller B, Sherman M. High-Resolution Ion-Mobility-Enabled Peptide Mapping for High-Throughput Critical Quality Attribute Monitoring. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2019-2032. [PMID: 33835810 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and monitoring of post-translational modifications (PTMs) by peptide mapping is a ubiquitous assay in biopharmaceutical characterization. Often, this assay is coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) separations that require long gradients to identify all components of the protein digest and resolve critical modifications for relative quantitation. Incorporating ion mobility (IM) as an orthogonal separation that relies on peptide structure can supplement the LC separation by providing an additional differentiation filter to resolve isobaric peptides, potentially reducing ambiguity in identification through mobility-aligned fragmentation and helping to reduce the run time of peptide mapping assays. A next-generation high-resolution ion mobility (HRIM) technique, based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) technology with a 13 m ion path, provides peak capacities and higher resolving power that rivals traditional chromatographic separations and, owing to its ability to resolve isobaric peptides that coelute in faster chromatographic methods, allows for up to 3× shorter run times than conventional peptide mapping methods. In this study, the NIST monoclonal antibody IgG1κ (NIST RM 8671, NISTmAb) was characterized by LC-HRIM-MS and LC-HRIM-MS with collision-induced dissociation (HRIM-CID-MS) using a 20 min analytical method. This approach delivered a sequence coverage of 96.5%. LC-HRIM-CID-MS experiments provided additional confidence in sequence determination. HRIM-MS resolved critical oxidations, deamidations, and isomerizations that coelute with their native counterparts in the chromatographic dimension. Finally, quantitative measurements of % modification were made using only the m/z-extracted HRIM arrival time distributions, showing good agreement with the reference liquid-phase separation. This study shows, for the first time, the analytical capability of HRIM using SLIM technology for enhancing peptide mapping workflows relevant to biopharmaceutical characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Arndt
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Kelly L Wormwood Moser
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Gregory Van Aken
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Rory M Doyle
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Tatjana Talamantes
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Daniel DeBord
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Laura Maxon
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - George Stafford
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - John Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Bryan Miller
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Melissa Sherman
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bagal D, Gibson BW. Identification of Proteolysis Products in Protein Therapeutics through TMPP N-Terminal Tagging and Electron Transfer Dissociation Product Triggered Collisional Induced Dissociation Fragmentation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1936-1944. [PMID: 33534996 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thorough characterization of protein therapeutics is often challenging due to the heterogeneity arising from primary sequence variants, post-translational modifications, proteolytic clipping, or incomplete processing of the signal peptide. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are now routinely used to characterize such heterogeneous protein populations. Here, we present an LC-MS/MS method using (N-succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl)-tris (2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium bromide (TMPP-Ac-OSu) to label any free N-terminal α-amines to rapidly and selectively identify proteolytic clipping events. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation of these chemically tagged peptides generates two unique TMPP product ions, TMPP+ and TMPP-Ac-NH2/c0. The presence of these signature ions following ETD is used to trigger subsequent collisional induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation of the precursor ion. This results in a small subset of CID tandem MS spectra that are used in a customized database search. Using a purified fusion monoclonal antibody (mAb) as an example, we demonstrate how TMPP labeling followed by ETD product ion triggered CID fragmentation is used to accurately identify two undesired clipping sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri Bagal
- Amgen Discovery Research, Discovery Attribute Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- Amgen Discovery Research, Discovery Attribute Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haler JRN, Far J, de la Rosa VR, Kune C, Hoogenboom R, De Pauw E. Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry to Extract Physicochemical Enthalpic and Entropic Contributions from Synthetic Polymers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:330-339. [PMID: 33269928 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) experiments are mostly used hand in hand with computational chemistry to correlate mobility measurements to the shape of the ions. Recently, we developed an automatable method to fit IM data obtained with synthetic homopolymers (i.e., collision cross sections; CCS) without resorting to computational chemistry. Here, we further develop the experimental IM data interpretation to explore physicochemical properties of a series of nine polymers and their monomer units by monitoring the relationship between the CCS and the degree of polymerization (DP). Several remarkable points of the CCS evolutions as a function of the DP were found: the first observed DP of each charge state (ΔDPfirst DP), the DPs constituting the structural rearrangements (ΔDPrearr), and the DPs at the half-rearrangement (DPhalf-rearr). Given that these remarkable points do not rely on absolute CCS values, but on their relative evolution, they can be extracted from CCS or raw IM data without accurate IM calibration. Properties such as coordination numbers of the cations, steric hindrance, or side chain flexibility can be compared. This leads to fit parameter predictions based on the nature of the monomer unit. The interpretation of the fit parameters, extracted using solely experimental data, allows a rapid screening of the properties of the polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean R N Haler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- LIST - Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Research and Technology Department, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Kune
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Glycoproteomics Technologies in Glycobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:413-434. [PMID: 33205259 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key factor determining the pharmacological properties of biotherapeutics, including their stability, solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. As such, comprehensive information about glycosylation of biotherapeutics is critical to demonstrate similarity. Regulatory agencies also require extensive documentation of the comprehensive analyses of glycosylation-related critical quality attributes (CQAs) during the development, manufacturing, and release of biosimilars. Mass spectrometry has catalysed tremendous advancements in the characterisation of glycosylation CQAs of biotherapeutics. Here we provide a perspective overview on the MS-based technologies relevant for biotherapeutic product characterisation with an emphasis on the recent developments that allow determination of glycosylation features such as site of glycosylation, sialic acid linkage, glycan structure, and content.
Collapse
|
18
|
Campuzano IDG, Nshanian M, Spahr C, Lantz C, Netirojjanakul C, Li H, Wongkongkathep P, Wolff JJ, Loo JA. High Mass Analysis with a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer: From Inorganic Salt Clusters to Antibody Conjugates and Beyond. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1155-1162. [PMID: 32196330 PMCID: PMC7261417 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of proteins and complexes under native mass spectrometric (MS) and solution conditions was typically performed using time-of-flight (ToF) analyzers, due to their routine high m/z transmission and detection capabilities. However, over recent years, the ability of Orbitrap-based mass spectrometers to transmit and detect a range of high molecular weight species is well documented. Herein, we describe how a 15 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (15 T FT-ICR MS) is more than capable of analyzing a wide range of ions in the high m/z scale (>5000), in both positive and negative instrument polarities, ranging from the inorganic cesium iodide salt clusters; a humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody (mAb; 148.2 kDa); an IgG1-mertansine drug conjugate (148.5 kDa, drug-to-antibody ratio; DAR 2.26); an IgG1-siRNA conjugate (159.1 kDa; ribonucleic acid to antibody ratio; RAR 1); the membrane protein aquaporin-Z (97.2 kDa) liberated from a C8E4 detergent micelle; the empty MSP1D1-nanodisc (142.5 kDa) and the tetradecameric chaperone protein complex GroEL (806.2 kDa; GroEL dimer at 1.6 MDa). We also investigate different regions of the FT-ICR MS that impact ion transmission and desolvation. Finally, we demonstrate how the transmission of these species and resultant spectra are highly consistent with those previously generated on both quadrupole-ToF (Q-ToF) and Orbitrap instrumentation. This report serves as an impactful example of how FT-ICR mass analyzers are competitive to Q-ToFs and Orbitraps for high mass detection at high m/z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Nshanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher Spahr
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Huilin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Wolff
- Bruker Daltonics Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Horx P, Geyer A. Defining the mobility range of a hinge-type connection using molecular dynamics and metadynamics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230962. [PMID: 32282813 PMCID: PMC7153902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A designed disulfide-rich β-hairpin peptide that dimerizes spontaneously served as a hinge-type connection between proteins. Here, we analyze the range of dynamics of this hinge dimer with the aim of proposing new applications for the DNA-encodable peptide and establishing guidelines for the computational analysis of other disulfide hinges. A recent structural analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry revealed an averaged conformation in the hinge region which motivated us to investigate the dynamic behavior using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation, metadynamics and free energy surface analysis to characterize the conformational space available to the hinge. Principal component analysis uncovered two slow modes of the peptide, namely, the opening and closing motion and twisting of the two β-hairpins assembling the hinge. Applying a collective variable (CV) that mimics the first dominating mode, led to a major expansion of the conformational space. The description of the dynamics could be achieved by analysis of the opening angle and the twisting of the β-hairpins and, thus, offers a methodology that can also be transferred to other derivatives. It has been demonstrated that the hinge peptide’s lowest energy conformation consists of a large opening angle and strong twist but is separated by small energy barriers and can, thus, adopt a closed and untwisted structure. With the aim of proposing further applications for the hinge peptide, we simulated its behavior in the sterically congested environment of a four-helix bundle. Preliminary investigations show that one helix is pushed out and a three-helix bundle forms. The insights gained into the dynamics of the tetra-disulfide peptide and analytical guidelines developed in this study may contribute to the understanding of the structure and function of more complex hinge-type proteins, such as the IgG antibody family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Horx
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duivelshof BL, Jiskoot W, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Glycosylation of biosimilars: Recent advances in analytical characterization and clinical implications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Historical, current and future developments of travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry: A personal perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
22
|
MS-based conformation analysis of recombinant proteins in design, optimization and development of biopharmaceuticals. Methods 2018; 144:134-151. [PMID: 29678586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for analyzing protein higher order structures have gained increasing application in the field of biopharmaceutical development. The predominant methods used in this area include native MS, hydrogen deuterium exchange-MS, covalent labeling, cross-linking and limited proteolysis. These MS-based methods will be briefly described in this article, followed by a discussion on how these methods contribute at different stages of discovery and development of protein therapeutics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ion mobility in the pharmaceutical industry: an established biophysical technique or still niche? Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 42:147-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Montacir O, Montacir H, Eravci M, Springer A, Hinderlich S, Mahboudi F, Saadati A, Parr MK. Bioengineering of rFVIIa Biopharmaceutical and Structure Characterization for Biosimilarity Assessment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010007. [PMID: 29351237 PMCID: PMC5874873 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eptacog alfa (NovoSeven®) is a vitamin K-dependent recombinant Factor VIIa produced by genetic engineering from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells as a single peptide chain of 406 residues. After activation, it consists of a light chain (LC) of 152 amino and a heavy chain (HC) of 254 amino acids. Recombinant FVIIa undergoes many post-translational modifications (PTMs). The first ten glutamic acids of the N-terminal moiety are γ-carboxylated, Asn145 and Asn322 are N-glycosylated, and Ser52 and Ser60 are O-glycosylated. A head-to-head biosimilarity study was conducted for the originator and the first biosimilar AryoSeven™ to evaluate comparable bioengineering. Physicochemical properties were analyzed based on mass spectrometry, including intact mass, PTMs and higher-order structure. Both biotherapeutics exhibit a batch-to-batch variability in their N-glycan profiles. N-Glycopeptide analysis with UHPLC-QTOF-MSE confirmed N-glycosylation sites as well as two different O-glycopeptide sites. Ser60 was found to be O-fucosylated and Ser52 had O-glucose or O-glucose-(xylose)1,2 motifs as glycan variants. Ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) and NMR spectroscopy data affirm close similarity of the higher-order structure of both biologicals. Potency of the biodrugs was analyzed by a coagulation assay demonstrating comparable bioactivity. Consequently, careful process optimization led to a stable production process of the biopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Montacir
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Labor für Biochemie, Department of Life Sciences & Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Seestraße 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Houda Montacir
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Springer
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hinderlich
- Labor für Biochemie, Department of Life Sciences & Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Seestraße 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- AryoGen Pharmed, No. 140, Cross Tajbakhsh Street, 24th Kilometer Makhsous Road, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Saadati
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tian Y, Ruotolo BT. The growing role of structural mass spectrometry in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies. Analyst 2018; 143:2459-2468. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive structural characterization of therapeutic antibodies is of critical importance for the successful discovery and development of such biopharmaceuticals, yet poses many challenges to modern measurement science. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technologies focusing on the characterization of antibody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lakbub JC, Shipman JT, Desaire H. Recent mass spectrometry-based techniques and considerations for disulfide bond characterization in proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:2467-2484. [PMID: 29256076 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are important structural moieties of proteins: they ensure proper folding, provide stability, and ensure proper function. With the increasing use of proteins for biotherapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, which are highly disulfide bonded, it is now important to confirm the correct disulfide bond connectivity and to verify the presence, or absence, of disulfide bond variants in the protein therapeutics. These studies help to ensure safety and efficacy. Hence, disulfide bonds are among the critical quality attributes of proteins that have to be monitored closely during the development of biotherapeutics. However, disulfide bond analysis is challenging because of the complexity of the biomolecules. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been the go-to analytical tool for the characterization of such complex biomolecules, and several methods have been reported to meet the challenging task of mapping disulfide bonds in proteins. In this review, we describe the relevant, recent MS-based techniques and provide important considerations needed for efficient disulfide bond analysis in proteins. The review focuses on methods for proper sample preparation, fragmentation techniques for disulfide bond analysis, recent disulfide bond mapping methods based on the fragmentation techniques, and automated algorithms designed for rapid analysis of disulfide bonds from liquid chromatography-MS/MS data. Researchers involved in method development for protein characterization can use the information herein to facilitate development of new MS-based methods for protein disulfide bond analysis. In addition, individuals characterizing biotherapeutics, especially by disulfide bond mapping in antibodies, can use this review to choose the best strategies for disulfide bond assignment of their biologic products. Graphical Abstract This review, describing characterization methods for disulfide bonds in proteins, focuses on three critical components: sample preparation, mass spectrometry data, and software tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude C Lakbub
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Joshua T Shipman
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei B, Zhang B, Boyes B, Zhang YT. Reversed-phase chromatography with large pore superficially porous particles for high throughput immunoglobulin G 2 disulfide isoform separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
D'Atri V, Causon T, Hernandez-Alba O, Mutabazi A, Veuthey JL, Cianferani S, Guillarme D. Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC-MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry? J Sep Sci 2017; 41:20-67. [PMID: 29024509 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products, metabolites, glycans, lipids) to large biomolecules (proteins, protein complexes, biopharmaceuticals, oligonucleotides).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Mutabazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
O'Flaherty R, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Greville G, Rudd PM, Lauc G. The sweet spot for biologics: recent advances in characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:13-29. [PMID: 29130774 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation is recognized as a Critical Quality Attribute for therapeutic glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Hence, efficient and quantitative glycan analysis techniques have been increasingly important for their discovery, development and quality control. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant and recent advances in analytical technologies for characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Areas covered: The review gives an overview of the glycosylation trends of biotherapeutics approved in 2016 and 2017 by FDA. It describes current and novel analytical technologies for characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins and is explored in the context of released glycan, glycopeptide or intact glycoprotein analysis. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis technologies are explored in this context. Expert commentary: There is a need for the biopharmaceutical industry to incorporate novel state of the art analytical technologies into existing and new therapeutic glycoprotein workflows for safer and more efficient biotherapeutics and for the improvement of future biotherapeutic design. Additionally, at present, there is no 'gold-standard' approach to address all the regulatory requirements and as such this will involve the use of orthogonal glycoanalytical technologies with a view to gain diagnostic information about the therapeutic glycoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O'Flaherty
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gordan Lauc
- b Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , 10000 , Zagreb , Croatia.,c Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Montacir O, Montacir H, Eravci M, Springer A, Hinderlich S, Saadati A, Parr MK. Comparability study of Rituximab originator and follow-on biopharmaceutical. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Donnarumma D, Faleri A, Costantino P, Rappuoli R, Norais N. The role of structural proteomics in vaccine development: recent advances and future prospects. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:55-68. [PMID: 26714563 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective way to fight infectious diseases saving countless lives since their introduction. Their evolution during the last century made use of the best technologies available to continuously increase their efficacy and safety. Mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics are already playing a central role in the identification and characterization of novel antigens. Over the last years, we have been witnessing the emergence of structural proteomics in vaccinology, as a major tool for vaccine candidate discovery, antigen design and life cycle management of existing products. In this review, we describe the MS techniques associated to structural proteomics and we illustrate the contribution of structural proteomics to vaccinology discussing potential applications.
Collapse
|
32
|
Terral G, Beck A, Cianférani S. Insights from native mass spectrometry and ion mobility-mass spectrometry for antibody and antibody-based product characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
33
|
Parr MK, Montacir O, Montacir H. Physicochemical characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:366-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
34
|
D'Addio SM, Bothe JR, Neri C, Walsh PL, Zhang J, Pierson E, Mao Y, Gindy M, Leone A, Templeton AC. New and Evolving Techniques for the Characterization of Peptide Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2989-3006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
35
|
Ferguson CN, Gucinski-Ruth AC. Evaluation of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Comparative Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:822-833. [PMID: 26988372 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analytical techniques capable of detecting changes in structure are necessary to monitor the quality of monoclonal antibody drug products. Ion mobility mass spectrometry offers an advanced mode of characterization of protein higher order structure. In this work, we evaluated the reproducibility of ion mobility mass spectrometry measurements and mobiligrams, as well as the suitability of this approach to differentiate between and/or characterize different monoclonal antibody drug products. Four mobiligram-derived metrics were identified to be reproducible across a multi-day window of analysis. These metrics were further applied to comparative studies of monoclonal antibody drug products representing different IgG subclasses, manufacturers, and lots. These comparisons resulted in some differences, based on the four metrics derived from ion mobility mass spectrometry mobiligrams. The use of collision-induced unfolding resulted in more observed differences. Use of summed charge state datasets and the analysis of metrics beyond drift time allowed for a more comprehensive comparative study between different monoclonal antibody drug products. Ion mobility mass spectrometry enabled detection of differences between monoclonal antibodies with the same target protein but different production techniques, as well as products with different targets. These differences were not always detectable by traditional collision cross section studies. Ion mobility mass spectrometry, and the added separation capability of collision-induced unfolding, was highly reproducible and remains a promising technique for advanced analytical characterization of protein therapeutics. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly N Ferguson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Ashley C Gucinski-Ruth
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tian Y, Han L, Buckner AC, Ruotolo BT. Collision Induced Unfolding of Intact Antibodies: Rapid Characterization of Disulfide Bonding Patterns, Glycosylation, and Structures. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11509-15. [PMID: 26471104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the fastest growing class of therapeutics due to their high specificity and low incidence of side effects. Unlike most drugs, mAbs are complex macromolecules (∼150 kDa), leading to a host of quality control and characterization challenges inherent in their development. Recently, we introduced a new approach for the analysis of the intact proteins based on ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Our protocol involves the collision induced unfolding (CIU) of intact antibodies, where collisional heating in the gas-phase is used to generate unfolded antibody forms, which are subsequently separated by IM and then analyzed by MS. Collisional energy is added to the antibody ions in a stepwise fashion, and "fingerprint plots" are created that track the amount of unfolding undergone as a function of the energy imparted to the ions prior to IM separation. In this report, we have used these fingerprints to rapidly distinguish between antibody isoforms, possessing different numbers and/or patterns of disulfide bonding and general levels of glycosylation. In addition, we validate our CIU protocols through control experiments and systematic statistical evaluations of CIU reproducibility. We conclude by projecting the impact of our approach for antibody-related drug discovery and development applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Linjie Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam C Buckner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Campuzano IDG, Larriba C, Bagal D, Schnier PD. Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Humanized IgGk NIST Monoclonal Antibody. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1202.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain D. G. Campuzano
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carlos Larriba
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dhanashri Bagal
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul D. Schnier
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leurs U, Mistarz UH, Rand KD. Getting to the core of protein pharmaceuticals--Comprehensive structure analysis by mass spectrometry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:95-109. [PMID: 25791210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals are the fastest growing class of novel therapeutic agents, and have been a major research and development focus in the (bio)pharmaceutical industry. Due to their large size and structural diversity, biopharmaceuticals represent a formidable challenge regarding analysis and characterization compared to traditional small molecule drugs. Any changes to the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a protein can potentially impact its function, efficacy and safety. The analysis and characterization of (structural) protein heterogeneity is therefore of utmost importance. Mass spectrometry has evolved as a powerful tool for the characterization of both primary and higher order structures of protein pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the chemical and physical stability of protein drugs, as well as their pharmacokinetics are nowadays routinely determined by mass spectrometry. Here we review current techniques in primary, secondary and tertiary structure analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry. An overview of established top-down and bottom-up protein analyses will be given, and in particular the use of advanced technologies such as hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for higher-order structure analysis will be discussed. Modification and degradation pathways of protein drugs and their detection by mass spectrometry will be described, as well as the growing use of mass spectrometry to assist protein design and biopharmaceutical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leurs
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik H Mistarz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang A, Fang J, Chou RYT, Bondarenko PV, Zhang Z. Conformational Difference in Human IgG2 Disulfide Isoforms Revealed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1956-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aming Zhang
- Process
Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jing Fang
- Process
Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert Y.-T. Chou
- Process
Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Pavel V. Bondarenko
- Process
Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Process
Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baez NOD, Reisz JA, Furdui CM. Mass spectrometry in studies of protein thiol chemistry and signaling: opportunities and caveats. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:191-211. [PMID: 25261734 PMCID: PMC4355329 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful and widely utilized tool in the investigation of protein thiol chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. Very early biochemical studies of metabolic enzymes have brought to light the broad spectrum of reactivity profiles that distinguish cysteine thiols with functions in catalysis and protein stability from other cysteine residues in proteins. The development of MS methods for the analysis of proteins using electrospray ionization (ESI) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with the emergence of high-resolution mass analyzers has been instrumental in advancing studies of thiol modifications, both in single proteins and within the cellular context. This article reviews MS instrumentation and methods of analysis employed in investigations of thiols and their reactivity toward a range of small biomolecules. A selected number of studies are detailed to highlight the advantages brought about by the MS technologies along with the caveats associated with these analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelmi O Devarie Baez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Beck A, Debaene F, Diemer H, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry characterization of originator, biosimilar and biobetter antibodies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:285-297. [PMID: 25800010 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The approval process for antibody biosimilars relies primarily on comprehensive analytical data to establish comparability and high similarity with the originator. Mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoretic methods are the corner stone for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation. In this special feature we report head-to-head comparison of trastuzumab and cetuximab with corresponding biosimilar and biobetter candidates based on cutting-edge mass spectrometry techniques such as native MS and ion-mobility MS at different levels (top, middle and bottom). In addition, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of sample preparation and enzymatic digestion, middle-up and -down strategies and the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange followed by MS (HDX-MS). Last but not least, emerging separation methods combined to MS such as capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem MS (CESI-MS/MS), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), top down-sequencing (TDS) and high-resolution MS (HR-MS) that complete the panel of state-of-the-art MS-based options for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li W, Kerwin JL, Schiel J, Formolo T, Davis D, Mahan A, Benchaar SA. Structural Elucidation of Post-Translational Modifications in Monoclonal Antibodies. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1201.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhou Li
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James L. Kerwin
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - John Schiel
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Trina Formolo
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Darryl Davis
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Sabrina A. Benchaar
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Debaene F, Bœuf A, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Ayoub D, Corvaïa N, Van Dorsselaer A, Beck A, Cianférani S. Innovative Native MS Methodologies for Antibody Drug Conjugate Characterization: High Resolution Native MS and IM-MS for Average DAR and DAR Distribution Assessment. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10674-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502593n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Debaene
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Amandine Bœuf
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pacholarz KJ, Porrini M, Garlish RA, Burnley RJ, Taylor RJ, Henry AJ, Barran PE. Dynamics of Intact Immunoglobulin G Explored by Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Pacholarz KJ, Porrini M, Garlish RA, Burnley RJ, Taylor RJ, Henry AJ, Barran PE. Dynamics of Intact Immunoglobulin G Explored by Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7765-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
47
|
Sandra K, Vandenheede I, Sandra P. Modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for protein biopharmaceutical characterization. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:81-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
48
|
Zhang H, Cui W, Gross ML. Mass spectrometry for the biophysical characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:308-17. [PMID: 24291257 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful therapeutics, and their characterization has drawn considerable attention and urgency. Unlike small-molecule drugs (150-600 Da) that have rigid structures, mAbs (∼150 kDa) are engineered proteins that undergo complicated folding and can exist in a number of low-energy structures, posing a challenge for traditional methods in structural biology. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based biophysical characterization approaches can provide structural information, bringing high sensitivity, fast turnaround, and small sample consumption. This review outlines various MS-based strategies for protein biophysical characterization and then reviews how these strategies provide structural information of mAbs at the protein level (intact or top-down approaches), peptide, and residue level (bottom-up approaches), affording information on higher order structure, aggregation, and the nature of antibody complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Ayoub D, Corvaïa N, Van Dorsselaer A, Beck A, Cianférani S. Time Resolved Native Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Dynamics of IgG4 Fab Arm Exchange and “Bispecific” Monoclonal Antibody Formation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9785-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402237v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Debaene
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP
60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP
60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP
60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP
60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP
60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|