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Hou J, Wang J, Han J, Wang J, Chao D, Dong Q, Fan D, Dong S. An intelligent ratiometric fluorescent assay based on MOF nanozyme-mediated tandem catalysis that guided by contrary logic circuit for highly sensitive sarcosine detection and smartphone-based portable sensing application. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:116035. [PMID: 38244294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
As the well-known test-indicator for early prostate cancer (PCa), sarcosine (SA) is closely related to the differential pathological process, which makes its accurate determination increasingly significant. Herein, we for the first time expanded the peroxidase (POD)-like property of facile-synthesized Zn-TCPP(Fe) MOF to fluorescent substrates and exploited it to ratiometric fluorescent (RF) sensing. By harnessing the effective catalytic oxidation of MOF nanozyme toward two fluorescent substrates (Scopoletin, SC; Amplex Red, AR) with contrary changes, and target-responsive (SA + SOx)/MOF/(SC + AR) tandem catalytic reaction, we constructed the first MOF nanozyme-based RF sensor for the quantitative determination of SA. Superior to previous works, the operation of this RF sensor is under the guidance of AND-(AND^NAND) contrary logic circuit. The dual-channel binary output changes (from 1/0 to 0/1) not only enable the intelligent logical recognition of SA, bringing strengthened reliability and accuracy, but also manifest the proof-of-concept discrimination of PCa individuals and healthy ones. Through recording the fluorescence alterations of SC (F465) and AR (F585), two segments of linear relationships between ratiometric values (F585/F465) and varied contents of SA are realized successfully. The LOD for SA could reach to as low as 39.98 nM, which outperforms all nanozyme-originated SA sensors reported till now. Moreover, this sensor also demonstrates high selectivity and satisfactory performance in human serum samples. Furthermore, the portable sensing of SA is realized under the assistance of smartphone-based RGB analysis, demonstrating the potential of point-of-care diagnostics of PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Hou
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jiawen Han
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Daiyong Chao
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Daoqing Fan
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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Zeyadi M, Chaudhari KG, Patil PO, Al-Abbasi FA, Almalki NAR, Alqurashi MM, Kazmi I, Patil S, Khan ZG. Development of a highly sensitive fluorescent probe using Delonix regia (Gulmohar) tree pod shell for precise sarcosine detection in human urine samples: advancing prostate cancer diagnosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38260958 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We designed a highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for the early detection of sarcosine, a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. This sensor was based on surface-cobalt-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (Co-CD) using a FRET-based photoluminescent sensing platform. Blue luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQD) were synthesised through a hydrothermal approach, utilizing Delonix regia tree pod shells. Cobalt was employed to functionalize the CQD, enhancing the quantum-entrapped effects and minimizing surface flaws. To optimize Co-CD preparation, we employed a Box-Behnken design (BBD), and response surface methodology (RSM) based on single-factor experiments. The Co-CD was then used as a fluorescent probe for selective Cu2+ detection, with Cu2+ quenching Co-CD fluorescence through an energy transfer process, referred to as 'turn-off'. When sarcosine was introduced, the fluorescence intensity of Co-CD was restored, creating a 'turn-on' response. The sensor exhibited a Cu2+ detection limit (LOD) of 2.4 µM with a linear range of 0 μM to 10 µM. The sarcosine detection in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) resulted in an LOD of 1.54 μM and a linear range of 0 to 10 µM. Importantly, the sensor demonstrated its suitability for clinical analysis by detecting sarcosine in human urine. In summary, our rapid and highly sensitive sensor offers a novel approach for the detection of sarcosine in real samples, facilitating early prostate cancer diagnosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Komal G Chaudhari
- Department of Quality Assurance, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A R Almalki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May M Alqurashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaktipal Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zamir G Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Wang L, Zheng S, Chen Y, Li C, Wang F. Construction of fluorescence and colorimetric tandem dual-mode sensor by modulating fluorescence and oxidase-like activity via valence switching of cerium-based coordination polymer nanoparticles for sarcosine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:157. [PMID: 36971879 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence and colorimetric tandem dual-mode sensor was established by modulating fluorescence and oxidase-like activity via valence switching of cerium-based coordination polymer nanoparticles (Ce-CPNs) for the detection of sarcosine (Sar) which is considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). In the present research, sarcosine oxidase (SOX) specifically catalyzes the oxidation of Sar to yield H2O2 which can rapidly oxidize Ce(III)-CPNs to generate Ce(IV)-CPNs in appropriate alkaline solution. The generated Ce(IV)-CPNs create a markedly weakened fluorescent signal at 350 nm, while they can induce oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue TMBox through emerging good oxidase-like activity. The sensing platform can realize accurate, stable, and high-throughput detection of Sar because of the tandem dual signal output mechanism. More attractively, the chromogenic hydrogel sensing device using smartphone photographing has achieved perfect results for the on-site sensing of Sar in urine specimens without large experimental equipments, demonstrating its considerable clinical application potential in the early diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Caolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Cell and Biomolecule Recognition Research Center, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Cell and Biomolecule Recognition Research Center, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Krishnan S, Kanthaje S, Punchappady DR, Mujeeburahiman M, Ratnacaram CK. Circulating metabolite biomarkers: a game changer in the human prostate cancer diagnosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:951-967. [PMID: 35764700 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in Western and Asian countries. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has been the routine diagnostic method despite the tremendous research in diagnostic markers for early detection of PCa. A shift towards a promising and potential biomarker for PCa detection is through metabolomic profiling of biofluids, particularly the blood and urine samples. Finding reliable, routinely usable circulating metabolite biomarkers may not be a distant reality. METHODS We performed a PubMed-based literature search of metabolite biomarkers in blood and urine for the early detection of prostate cancer. The timeline of these searches was limited between 2007 and 2022 and the following keywords were used: 'metabolomics', 'liquid biopsy', 'circulating metabolites', 'serum metabolite', 'plasma metabolite', and 'urine metabolite' with respect to 'prostate cancer'. We focussed only on diagnosis-based studies with only the subject-relevant articles published in the English language and excluded all of the other irrelevant publications that included prostate tissue biomarkers and cell line biomarkers. RESULTS We have consolidated all the blood and urine-based potential metabolite candidates in individual as well as panels, including lipid classes, fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile organic compounds which may become useful for PCa diagnosis. CONCLUSION All these metabolome findings unveil the impact of different dimensions of PCa development, giving a promising strategy to diagnose the disease since suspected individuals can be subjected to repeated and largescale blood and urine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabareeswaran Krishnan
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
- Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi Kanthaje
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Devasya Rekha Punchappady
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Mujeeburahiman
- Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Chen C, Ran B, Liu B, Liu X, Liu Y, Lan M, Manasseh R, Zhu Y. Development of a novel microfluidic biosensing platform integrating micropillar array electrode and acoustic microstreaming techniques. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:114703. [PMID: 36563526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying biomarkers at the early stage of the disease is challenging due to the low abundance of biomarkers in the sample and the lack of sensitive techniques. This article reports the development of a novel microfluidic electrochemical biosensing platform to address this challenge. The electrochemical sensing is achieved by utilizing a micropillar array electrode (μAE) coated with 3D bimetallic Pt-Pd nanotrees to enhance the sensitivity. A bubble-based acoustic microstreaming technique is integrated with the device to increase the contact of analyte molecules with the surface of electrodes to further enhance the electrochemical performance. The current density of Pt-Pd NTs/μAE with acoustic microstreaming is nearly 22 times that of the bare planar electrode in potassium ferrocyanide solution. The developed biosensor has demonstrated excellent sensing performance. For hydrogen peroxide detection, both the Pt-Pd NTs/μAE and acoustic microstreaming contribute to the sensitivity enhancement. The current density of the Pt-Pd NTs/μAE is approximatively 28 times that of the bare μAE. With acoustic microstreaming, this enhancement is further increased by nearly 1.6 times. The platform has a linear detection range of 5-1000 μM with a LOD of 1.8 μM toward hydrogen peroxide detection, while for sarcosine detection, the linear range is between 5 and 100 μM and LOD is 2.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the sarcosine biosensing shows a high sensitivity of 667 μA mM-1∙cm-2. Such a sensing platform has the potential as a portable device for high sensitivity detection of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Center for Microflows and Nanoflows, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Bin Ran
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Center for Microflows and Nanoflows, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Center for Microflows and Nanoflows, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Center for Microflows and Nanoflows, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Richard Manasseh
- School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Center for Microflows and Nanoflows, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Ran B, Chen C, Liu B, Lan M, Chen H, Zhu Y. A Ti
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/Pt–Pd based amperometric biosensor for sensitive cancer biomarker detection. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2033-2043. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ran
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Chaozhan Chen
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
- Center for Microflows and Nanoflows Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
- Center for Microflows and Nanoflows Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen P. R. China
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Point-of-care detection assay based on biomarker-imprinted polymer for different cancers: a state-of-the-art review. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Colorimetric determination of sarcosine in human urine with enzyme-like reaction mediated Au nanorods etching. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ramezani Z, Safdarian M, Ghadiri AA. Metal-coded hydrogel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for preconcentration and cleanup of sarcosine: Determination in urine; coupled to on-column capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2021; 230:122309. [PMID: 33934774 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sarcosine metal-coded hydrogel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (Hydro-MeC-MMIP) has been fabricated and coupled to on-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis (CE). As a metal-coding approach, sarcosine-Cu2+-ligand (Sar-Cu2+-L) chelate complex was introduced as a template to overcome the problems associated with the fabrication of MMIP for a small molecule having limited functional groups such as sarcosine. To our best knowledge, it is the first time that methacrylamide (MA) coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@MA) with abounded reactive double-bound on the surface has been used as a magnetic core in the one-pot synthesis of MMIPs. As prepared, Hydro-MeC-MMIP was characterized by different microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal gravimetric methods. Hydro-MeC-MMIP was used to extract and preconcentrate sarcosine in the urine sample with no treatment and dilution. Sarcosine was quantified by on-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis equipped with a photodiode array detector. A mixture of thirteen amino acids was separated with a total run time of 12 min. Three structural analogs, including alanine, sarcosine, and glycine, were significantly resolved. Under optimal experimental conditions, the method's detection and quantification limits were 9.93 and 33.10 ng mL-1, respectively. The linear range of 50-2000 ng mL-1 and 96% recovery, along with the relative standard deviation of 6.07% (n = 6) for the target amino acid, were obtained. This method provides a simple, low-cost, fast, and efficient tool for extracting and quantifying sarcosine in the urine. The present method can address inconsistency in evaluating sarcosine as a candidate biomarker for prostate cancer with a simple CE/UV; no need for a sophisticated detection system such as a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Safdarian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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12-Plex UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of sarcosine in human urine using integrated principle of multiplex tags chemical isotope labeling and selective imprint enriching. Talanta 2021; 224:121788. [PMID: 33379017 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urinary sarcosine was considered to be a potential biomarker for prostate cancer (Pca). In this work, an integrated strategy of multiplex tags chemical isotope labeling (MTCIL) combined with magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE), was proposed for specific extraction and high-throughput determination of sarcosine by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). In the past three months, we have developed 8-plex MTCIL reagents with excellent qualitative and quantitative performance. In this work, the multiplexing capacity of MTCIL reagents (MTCIL360/361/362/363/364/365/366/375/376/378/379/381) was increased 1.5-fold from 8-plex to 12-plex. MTCIL359 was prepared and used to label sarcosine standard as internal standard (IS). The structural analogue derivative (MTCIL373-sarcosine) of all targeted MTCIL-sarcosine derivatives was synthesized and used as a novel dummy template to prepare dummy magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (DMMIPs). The integration of MTCIL and DMMIPs procedures were extremely favorable to excellent chromatographic separation and efficient mass spectrometric detection. The labeling efficiency, chromatographic retention and mass spectrometry responses of MTCIL reagents were consistent for sarcosine. In a single UHPLC-MS/MS run (2.0 min), this method can simultaneously quantify sarcosine in 12-plex urine samples and achieve unbiased concentrations comparison between different urine samples. Analytical parameters including linearity (R2 0.989-0.997), detection limits (0.02 nM), precision (2.6-11.5%), accuracy (96.1-107.4%), matrix effect, labeling and extraction efficiency were carefully validated. The proposed method was successfully applied for urinary sarcosine determination of healthy male individuals and Pca patients. It was found that the sarcosine concentrations in these two groups were statistically extremely significantly different (P < 0.001). The developed method was a powerful analytical tool to substantially promote the analysis throughput and large-scale experiments about the potential biomarker research.
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Design and performance of novel molecularly imprinted biomimetic adsorbent for preconcentration of prostate cancer biomarker coupled to electrochemical determination by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion®/Ni(OH)2-modified screen-printed electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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de Araújo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Pereira I, da Silva LC, Chaves AAR, Vaz BG. Polypyrrole-coated needle as an electrospray emitter for ambient mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3235-3241. [PMID: 32930186 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a polymer widely used as an extraction phase due to its ability to perform intermolecular interactions with the analyte, such as acid-base, π-π, dipole-dipole, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding. In this manuscript, we report the coating of a stainless steel needle with a PPy film for analyte extraction and subsequent analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under ambient and open-air conditions. The method, named PPy-ESI-MS, was optimized for analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in synthetic urine. Seven cycles of electrodeposition of the PPy film onto the needle surface, sample at pH 8, and 40 min of extraction of analytes were determined as the best analysis conditions. The analytical performance of PPy-ESI-MS was evaluated for MDA and MDMA compounds. Analytical curves were obtained with R2 > 0.98. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were determined as 20 μg L-1 and 70 μg L-1 for MDA and as 25 μg L-1 and 80 μg L-1 for MDMA, respectively. Values of precision were below 17%, and values of accuracy below 5%. The apparent recoveries ranged between 84.5% and 111.3%. In addition, the PPy-ESI-MS method was applied for the analysis of sarcosine in synthetic urine in order to evaluate the performance of the method for another class of compounds. The calibration curve was obtained with R2 > 0.98, along with LOD and LOQ of 30 μg L-1 and 100 μg L-1, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were below 5% and 8%, respectively, and the apparent recoveries close to 100%. This work demonstrates the usefulness of combining an extraction phase with ESI-MS analysis under ambient conditions to determine different classes of small molecules in a complex sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L de Araújo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Lidya C da Silva
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrà A R Chaves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
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Development and validation of a systematic platform for broad-scale profiling of microbial metabolites. Talanta 2019; 200:537-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wang Q, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Du D, Yang H, Lin Y. Amperometric sarcosine biosensor with strong anti-interference capabilities based on mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111431. [PMID: 31212197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric enzyme biosensors are some of the simplest and cheapest types of medical devices used in the rapid detection of biomarkers that have been developed in the past fifty years. When the concentrations of biomarkers are at micromoles per liter, such as for sarcosine, which was recently discovered as a biomarker for prostate cancer, the response signal of the interferences is huge, and the biosensor is hard to satisfy the requirements of practical applications. In this manuscript, we describe a strategy for synthesizing a surface electronegative organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous material, which could reduce the interference signal much better than Nafion and Chitosan. We verify that the surface potential of the carrier nanomaterial plays an important role in excluding anionic interferences. We also prepare a sensitive (16.35 μA mM-1), low LOD (0.13 μM) and wide linear range (1-70 μM) amperometric sarcosine biosensor with excellent anti-interference properties. This mesoporous material provides a bio-composite platform for the development of simple amperometric biosensors for detecting micromoles per liter of analytes in serum or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Qingui Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Haipeng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States.
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16
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An electrochemical sarcosine sensor based on biomimetic recognition. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:136. [PMID: 30707309 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor is described for the prostate cancer biomarker sarcosine (Sar). Riboflavin was employed to mimic the active center of the enzyme sarcosine oxidase for constructing the biomimetic sensor. The use of riboflavon (Rf) avoids the disadvantages of an enzymatic sensor, such as high cost and poor stability. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a graphene-chitosan (GR) composite and further modified with gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles in a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix in order to enhance the catalytic activity of the enzyme mimic. Finally, Rf was electrodeposited on the surface of the AuPt-PPy/GR-modified GCE. Under optimized conditions, the GCE provided high sensitivity and selectivity for Sar at around 0.61 V. Response covers the 2.5-600 μM concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.68 μM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Sar in spiked urine with 98.0%-103.2% recovery. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the fabrication of the Rf/AuPt-PPy/GR/GCE surface and the measurement principle by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
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Li J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, He G. An amperometric biosensor for the assay of sarcosine based on the cross coupled chemical and electrochemical reactions with practical applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Wang Q, Yang C, Yang Q, Yu S, Yang H. Platinum-loaded mesoporous nickel phosphonate and its electrochemical application for sarcosine detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1046:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Uhlirova D, Stankova M, Docekalova M, Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Ruzicka J, Fernandez C, Milnerowicz H, Kizek R. A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3722. [PMID: 30467297 PMCID: PMC6320840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcosine is an amino acid that is formed by methylation of glycine and is present in trace amounts in the body. Increased sarcosine concentrations in blood plasma and urine are manifested in sarcosinemia and in some other diseases such as prostate cancer. For this purpose, sarcosine detection using the nanomedicine approach was proposed. In this study, we have prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different modified surface area. Nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by chitosan (CS), and sarcosine oxidase (SOX). SPIONs without any modification were taken as controls. Methods and Results: The obtained NPs were characterized by physicochemical methods. The size of the NPs determined by the dynamic light scattering method was as follows: SPIONs/Au/NPs (100⁻300 nm), SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs (300⁻700 nm), and SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs (600⁻1500 nm). The amount of CS deposited on the NP surface was found to be 48 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs and 39 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs, and repeatability varied around 10%. Pseudo-peroxidase activity of NPs was verified using sarcosine, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. For TMB, all NPs tested evinced substantial pseudo-peroxidase activity at 650 nm. The concentration of SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs in the reaction mixture was optimized to 0⁻40 mg/mL. Trinder reaction for sarcosine detection was set up at 510 nm at an optimal reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8.0. The course of the reaction was linear for 150 min. The smallest amount of NPs that was able to detect sarcosine was 0.2 mg/well (200 µL of total volume) with the linear dependence y = 0.0011x - 0.0001 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, relative standard deviation (RSD) 6.35%, limit of detection (LOD) 5 µM. The suggested method was further validated for artificial urine analysis (r = 0.99, RSD 21.35%, LOD 18 µM). The calculation between the detected and applied concentrations showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). NPs were tested for toxicity and no significant growth inhibition was observed in any model system (S. cerevisiae, S. aureus, E. coli). The hemolytic activity of the prepared NPs was similar to that of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control. The reaction system was further tested on real urine specimens. Conclusion: The proposed detection system allows the analysis of sarcosine at micromolar concentrations and to monitor changes in its levels as a potential prostate cancer marker. The whole system is suitable for low-cost miniaturization and point-of-care testing technology and diagnostic systems. This system is simple, inexpensive, and convenient for screening tests and telemedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Uhlirova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Stankova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Docekalova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Bozena Hosnedlova
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Ruzicka
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, UK.
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Yamkamon V, Yee PP, Yainoi S, Eiamphungporn W, Suksrichavalit T. Simultaneous determination of sarcosine and its related metabolites by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for prostate cancer diagnosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:965-979. [PMID: 30564076 PMCID: PMC6295632 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after sarcosine was delineated as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer in 2009, a variety of analytical methods for clinical application were developed. Moreover, higher uptake of glycine in the mitochondria also played a role in cancer proliferation. A major constraint in the accurate quantification of sarcosine was the interference of the two isomers, α-alanine and β-alanine, using chromatographic separation techniques. Accordingly, we aimed to develop an analytical method for determining sarcosine and its related metabolites (α- and β-alanine, glycine and creatinine) under the same conditions by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). BSTFA + 1 % TMCS was used for silylation, and GC-MS/MS conditions were optimized for the target analytes. The unique transition ions of sarcosine, α- and β-alanine, glycine and creatinine set up in MRM acquisition were m/z 116 → 73, 190 → 147, 176 → 147, 176 → 147 and 100 → 73, respectively. This newly developed method was successfully validated to apply in clinical settings with low limits of detection (0.01 - 0.03 µg•mL-1), high correlations (R2 > 0.99), great accuracy (88 - 110 % recovery), and notable precision (RSD < 10 %). All TMS derivatives were > 80 % stable for up to 2 h after derivatization and analyzing during this period promises to achieve an accurate result. Monitoring the five-substance profile could enhance prospects for early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichanan Yamkamon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pyone Pyone Yee
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Warawan Eiamphungporn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thummaruk Suksrichavalit
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Gumulec J, Raudenska M, Pacik D, Plevova M, Sorokac-Kubolkova A, Lackova Z, Cernei N, Strmiska V, Zitka O, Heger Z, Adam V. Post-treatment urinary sarcosine as a predictor of recurrent relapses in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5411-5419. [PMID: 30209891 PMCID: PMC6246947 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been no evidence regarding the association between urinary sarcosine content and prostate cancer survival. Our main objective was to investigate whether levels of post‐treatment urinary sarcosine are associated with relapse. The inclusion criteria were (in accordance with EAU 2017) as follows: histopathologically verified adenocarcinoma in prostate biopsy cores or specimens from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or prostatectomy for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) with retained ability to urinate. The median follow‐up was 53 months. In the study, we retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 511 patients with prostate cancer with various risk factors and treatment strategies. Post‐treatment sarcosine levels were elevated in 266 (52%) patients and highly elevated (≥200 nmol/L) in 71 (13%) patients. Urinary sarcosine content was significantly associated with number of relapses that patients experienced, P = 0.002 for sarcosine ≥200 vs ≤30 nmol/L. Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcosine was an independent predictor of recurrent relapses (≥2 relapses with an intermediate period of remission), HR = 3.89 (95% CI 1.29‐11.7) for sarcosine >200 vs <30 nmol/L. This trend was even more pronounced in a subgroup of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, HR = 3.29 (95% CI 1.06‐10.18), where (single) relapse‐free survival could also be predicted by sarcosine levels, HR = 1.96 (1.05‐3.66). Urinary sarcosine may become a possible predictor for patients’ outcomes, because patients with elevated post‐treatment sarcosine could be predicted to have recurrent relapses of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Pacik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Plevova
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sorokac-Kubolkova
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Yamkamon V, Phakdee B, Yainoy S, Suksrichawalit T, Tatanandana T, Sangkum P, Eiamphungporn W. Development of sarcosine quantification in urine based on enzyme-coupled colorimetric method for prostate cancer diagnosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:467-478. [PMID: 30034310 PMCID: PMC6046622 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for quantification of urinary sarcosine was developed. The proposed method is a specific reaction based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation via sarcosine oxidase (SOX). The liberated H2O2 reacts with Amplex Red in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to produce the red-fluorescent oxidation product, resorufin, which can be measured spectrophotometrically (OD570). The method was performed in the 96-well microtiter plate. Reaction conditions, such as pH and reaction time were optimized. At the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.7 and 1 µM, respectively. A good linearity was revealed with a coefficient of 0.990. The assay showed no significant interference from ascorbic acid, glucose and bilirubin. In addition, it is extremely specific for sarcosine rather than other amino acids. The determination of sarcosine in human urine displayed high accuracy and good reproducibility. This method is promising to differentiate prostate cancer patients from healthy subjects according to urinary sarcosine level. Altogether, this study provides a rapid, simple and specific tool to determine urinary sarcosine which could be useful for prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichanan Yamkamon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Benjarong Phakdee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thummaruk Suksrichawalit
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tararat Tatanandana
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Premsant Sangkum
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Warawan Eiamphungporn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Xu D, Xu Y, Ning N, Cui Q, Liu Z, Wang X, Liu D, Chen H, Kong MG. Alteration of metabolite profiling by cold atmospheric plasma treatment in human myeloma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:42. [PMID: 29568236 PMCID: PMC5859683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite new progress of chemotherapy in multiple myeloma (MM) clinical treatment, MM is still a refractory disease and new technology is needed to improve the outcomes and prolong the survival. Cold atmospheric plasma is a rapidly developed technology in recent years, which has been widely applied in biomedicine. Although plasma could efficiently inactivate various tumor cells, the effects of plasma on tumor cell metabolism have not been studied yet. Methods In this study, we investigated the metabolite profiling of He plasma treatment on myeloma tumor cells by gas-chromatography time-of-flight (GC-TOF) mass-spectrometry. Meanwhile, by bioinformatic analysis such as GO and KEGG analysis we try to figure out the metabolism pathway that was significantly affected by gas plasma treatment. Results By GC-TOF mass-spectrometry, 573 signals were detected and evaluated using PCA and OPLS-DA. By KEGG analysis we listed all the differential metabolites and further classified into different metabolic pathways. The results showed that beta-alanine metabolism pathway was the most significant change after He gas plasma treatment in myeloma cells. Besides, propanoate metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism should also be concerned during gas plasma treatment of cancer cells. Conclusions Cold atmospheric plasma treatment could significantly alter the metabolite profiling of myeloma tumor cells, among which, the beta-alanine metabolism pathway is the most susceptible to He gas plasma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0541-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ning
- 2The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Cui
- 2The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Chen
- 3Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Michael G Kong
- 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,3Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.,4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
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Lu W, Su X, Klein MS, Lewis IA, Fiehn O, Rabinowitz JD. Metabolite Measurement: Pitfalls to Avoid and Practices to Follow. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:277-304. [PMID: 28654323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites are the small biological molecules involved in energy conversion and biosynthesis. Studying metabolism is inherently challenging due to metabolites' reactivity, structural diversity, and broad concentration range. Herein, we review the common pitfalls encountered in metabolomics and provide concrete guidelines for obtaining accurate metabolite measurements, focusing on water-soluble primary metabolites. We show how seemingly straightforward sample preparation methods can introduce systematic errors (e.g., owing to interconversion among metabolites) and how proper selection of quenching solvent (e.g., acidic acetonitrile:methanol:water) can mitigate such problems. We discuss the specific strengths, pitfalls, and best practices for each common analytical platform: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and enzyme assays. Together this information provides a pragmatic knowledge base for carrying out biologically informative metabolite measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Matthias S Klein
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
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Özkütük EB, Diltemiz SE, Avcı Ş, Uğurağ D, Aykanat RB, Ersöz A, Say R. Potentiometric sensor fabrication having 2D sarcosine memories and analytical features. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:231-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xue Z, Yin B, Wang H, Li M, Rao H, Liu X, Zhou X, Lu X. An organic indicator functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite-based colorimetric assay for the detection of sarcosine. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5488-96. [PMID: 26902537 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of sarcosine is a key requirement for both diagnosis and treatment of disease. We report here a simple yet sensitive colorimetric nanocomposite platform for rapid detection of sarcosine in alkaline media. The approach exploited the benefits of a rapid color-producing reaction between an organic indicator, 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt (NQS), and the analyte of sarcosine species as well as the good catalytic ability of graphene oxide (GO) to the formation of highly colored products due to its good water dispersibility, extremely large surface area and facile surface modification. As a result, a NQS functionalized GO nanocomposite through π-π stacking has been demonstrated to be useful as a highly efficient catalyst system for the selective and sensitive colorimetric determination of sarcosine by providing a nanocomposite-amplified colorimetric response. Meanwhile, the strategy offered excellent selectivity toward sarcosine species against other amino acids as well as a satisfying detection limit of 0.73 μM. More importantly, by using an electrochemical method, a credible sensing mechanism of GO nanocomposite-based colorimetric platform for a special analyte determination can be easily verified and elucidated, which also provides an attractive alternative to conventional characterization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Mengqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Honghong Rao
- School of chemistry & environmental science, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xinbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Strzelecki D, Podgórski M, Kałużyńska O, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Stefańczyk L, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Gmitrowicz A, Grzelak P. Supplementation of Antipsychotic Treatment with the Amino Acid Sarcosine Influences Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters in Left Frontal White Matter in Patients with Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2015; 7:8767-82. [PMID: 26506383 PMCID: PMC4632447 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system, the main stimulating system in the brain, has a major role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The frontal white matter (WM) is partially composed of axons from glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and glia with glutamatergic receptors. The natural amino acid sarcosine, a component of a normal diet, inhibits the glycine type 1 transporter, increasing the glycine level. Thus, it modulates glutamatergic transmission through the glutamatergic ionotropic NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor, which requires glycine as a co-agonist. To evaluate the concentrations of brain metabolites (NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Glx, complex of glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); mI, myo-inositol; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline) in the left frontal WM, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy was used. Twenty-five patients randomly chosen from a group of fifty with stable schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR) and dominant negative symptoms, who were receiving antipsychotic therapy, were administered 2 g of sarcosine daily for six months. The remaining 25 patients received placebo. Assignment was double blinded. 1H-NMR spectroscopy (1.5 T) was performed twice: before and after the intervention. NAA, Glx and mI were evaluated as Cr and Cho ratios. All patients were also assessed twice with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results were compared between groups and in two time points in each group. The sarcosine group demonstrated a significant decrease in WM Glx/Cr and Glx/Cho ratios compared to controls after six months of therapy. In the experimental group, the final NAA/Cr ratio significantly increased and Glx/Cr ratio significantly decreased compared to baseline values. Improvement in the PANSS scores was significant only in the sarcosine group. In patients with schizophrenia, sarcosine augmentation can reverse the negative effect of glutamatergic system overstimulation, with a simultaneous beneficial increase of NAA/Cr ratio in the WM of the left frontal lobe. Our results further support the glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Michał Podgórski
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Olga Kałużyńska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Ludomir Stefańczyk
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gmitrowicz
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Piotr Grzelak
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
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Bailey LB, Stover PJ, McNulty H, Fenech MF, Gregory JF, Mills JL, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Zhang M, Ueland PM, Molloy AM, Caudill MA, Shane B, Berry RJ, Bailey RL, Hausman DB, Raghavan R, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review. J Nutr 2015; 145:1636S-1680S. [PMID: 26451605 PMCID: PMC4478945 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. Specifically, the BOND program provides state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutrients in body tissues at the individual and population level. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review represents the second in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of folate biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of folate's history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers (serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations) and their interpretation across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The article also includes a list of priority research needs for advancing the area of folate biomarkers related to nutritional health status and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA;
| | - Patrick J Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Helene McNulty
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Fenech
- Genome Health Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Food, Nutrition, and Bioproducts Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James L Mills
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Zia Fazili
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mindy Zhang
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, Univeristy of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Barry Shane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Robert J Berry
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA; and
| | | | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
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Cacciatore S, Loda M. Innovation in metabolomics to improve personalized healthcare. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1346:57-62. [PMID: 26014591 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systemic study of all small molecules (metabolites) and their concentration as affected by pathological and physiological alterations or environmental or other factors. Metabolic alterations represent a "window" on the complex interactions between genetic expression, enzyme activity, and metabolic reactions. Techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, have led to significant advances in metabolomics. The field is shifting from feasibility studies to biological and clinical applications. Fields of application range from cancer biology to stem cell research and assessment of xenobiotics and drugs in tissues and single cells. Cross-validation across high-throughput platforms has allowed findings from expression profiling to be confirmed with metabolomics. Specific genetic alterations appear to drive unique metabolic programs. These, in turn, can be used as biomarkers of genetic subtypes of prostate cancer or as discovery tools for therapeutic targeting of metabolic enzymes. Thus, metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers of tumor state, including inferring driving oncogenes. Novel applications such as these suggest that metabolic profiling may be utilized in refining personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Chung TC, Li CT, Kou HS, Wu HL. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Sarcosine as a Fluorescent Levofloxacin Derivative. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1310-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Sakaguchi Y, Kinumi T, Yamazaki T, Takatsu A. A novel amino acid analysis method using derivatization of multiple functional groups followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1965-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel amino acid analysis method using derivatization of multiple functional groups (amino, carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Kinumi
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Taichi Yamazaki
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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32
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Rebelo TS, Pereira CM, Sales MF, Noronha JP, Costa-Rodrigues J, Silva F, Fernandes M. Sarcosine oxidase composite screen-printed electrode for sarcosine determination in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 850:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y. Novel methodologies in analysis of small molecule biomarkers and living cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9469-77. [PMID: 25119591 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for biomarker detection. A good biomarker can distinguish patients from healthy or benign diseases. However, the ELISA method is not suitable for small molecule or trace substance detection. Along with the development of new technologies, an increasing level of biomaterials, especially small molecules, will be identified as novel biomarkers. Quantitative immuno-PCR, chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nucleic acid aptamer are emerging methodologies for detection of small molecule biomarkers, even in living cells. In this review, we focus on these novel technologies and their potential for small molecule biomarkers and living cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin er Road, No. 197, 200025, Shanghai, China
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34
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Lan J, Xu W, Wan Q, Zhang X, Lin J, Chen J, Chen J. Colorimetric determination of sarcosine in urine samples of prostatic carcinoma by mimic enzyme palladium nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 825:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Buzatto AZ, de Sousa AC, Guedes SF, Cieslarová Z, Simionato AVC. Metabolomic investigation of human diseases biomarkers by CE and LC coupled to MS. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1285-307. [PMID: 24375663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the most recent trends in the "omics" era that investigates the end products of an organism activity, that is, all metabolites in a biological system, which are small molecules (less than 1000 Da) from different chemical classes. Metabolomics represents a tool to assess the biochemical activity of a living system through the analysis of substrates and products processed during the metabolism. The analysis of the metabolic profile (nontargeted analysis, i.e. a comparison between samples profiles of individuals) and of specific metabolites (targeted analysis, which quantifies a selected group of metabolites) in biological samples provides an insight into the metabolic state and the biochemical processes of the organism and, therefore, may indicate the onset and the stage of different diseases. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential for successful treatment and probable cure of most illnesses; hence, the investigation of metabolites as disease biomarkers has increased considerably in recent years. This review aims to present the most relevant works that address the nontargeted and targeted analysis of metabolites in different diseases for the past 10 years, including kidney and neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, using CE and LC coupled with the accurate detection of mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Z Buzatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
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36
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Zitka O, Heger Z, Kominkova M, Skalickova S, Krizkova S, Adam V, Kizek R. Preconcentration based on paramagnetic microparticles for the separation of sarcosine using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:465-575. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kominkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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37
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Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang W, Chen Z. Sensitive determination of the potential biomarker sarcosine for prostate cancer by LC-MS with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide derivatization. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:14-9. [PMID: 24293130 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcosine, a potential biomarker of prostate cancer, has drawn great attention in recent years. However, controversial research keeps arising about its role as a biomarker that might come from the two isomers (α-alanine and β-alanine) of sarcosine due to their same molecular weight and similar properties, which could interfere with the accurate detection of sarcosine. In this study, a simple and sensitive method was developed for the detection of sarcosine and the two isomers by LC with ion-trap MS through a novel derivatization reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is usually considered as a condensation reagent, however, it was directly used as a derivatization reagent through a rearrangement side reaction in this study. The proposed method not only improved the chromatographic retention behavior of sarcosine and its two isomers, which was a benefit to their separation, but also dramatically enhanced the detection sensitivity of sarcosine, which was more favorable for real sample analysis. The factors affecting the productivity of the derivatization reaction, such as reaction time and amount of derivatization reagent, were systematically optimized. The method shows good linearity (R(2) > 0.99), sensitivity with LODs of sarcosine as low as 1 ng/mL, and repeatability with the RSD < 6.07%. The developed method was applied to the analysis of urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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38
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Comparative metabolomics of estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative breast cancer: alterations in glutamine and beta-alanine metabolism. J Proteomics 2013; 94:279-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Koutros S, Meyer TE, Fox SD, Issaq HJ, Veenstra TD, Huang WY, Yu K, Albanes D, Chu LW, Andriole G, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Berndt SI. Prospective evaluation of serum sarcosine and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2281-5. [PMID: 23698636 PMCID: PMC3786375 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling has identified, sarcosine, a derivative of the amino acid glycine, as an important metabolite involved in the etiology or natural history of prostate cancer. We examined the association between serum sarcosine levels and risk of prostate cancer in 1122 cases (813 non-aggressive and 309 aggressive) and 1112 controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Sarcosine was quantified using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significantly increased risk of prostate cancer was observed with increasing levels of sarcosine (odds ratio [OR] for the highest quartile of exposure [Q4] versus the lowest quartile [Q1] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.65; P-trend 0.03). When stratified by disease aggressiveness, we observed a stronger association for non-aggressive cases (OR for Q4 versus Q1 = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.88; P-trend 0.006) but no association for aggressive prostate cancer (OR for Q4 versus Q1 = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.47; P-trend 0.89). Although not statistically significant, temporal analyses showed a stronger association between sarcosine and prostate cancer for serum collected closer to diagnosis, suggesting that sarcosine may be an early biomarker of disease. Interestingly, the association between sarcosine and prostate cancer risk was stronger among men with diabetes (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.04, 6.84) compared with those without reported diabetes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.95-1.59, P-interaction = 0.01). This study found that elevated levels of serum sarcosine are associated with an increased prostate cancer risk and evidence to suggest that sarcosine may be an early biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Koutros
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8112, MSC 7240, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Tel: +1 301 594 6352; Fax: +1 301 402 1819;
| | - Tamra E. Meyer
- Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Stephen D. Fox
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Haleem J. Issaq
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Timothy D. Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, CA 94538, USA and
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, CA 94538, USA and
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, CA 94538, USA and
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lisa W. Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, CA 94538, USA and
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, CA 94538, USA and
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Zitka O, Cernei N, Heger Z, Matousek M, Kopel P, Kynicky J, Masarik M, Kizek R, Adam V. Microfluidic chip coupled with modified paramagnetic particles for sarcosine isolation in urine. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2639-47. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Matousek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
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41
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de Vogel S, Ulvik A, Meyer K, Ueland PM, Nygård O, Vollset SE, Tell GS, Gregory JF, Tretli S, Bjørge T. Sarcosine and other metabolites along the choline oxidation pathway in relation to prostate cancer--a large nested case-control study within the JANUS cohort in Norway. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:197-206. [PMID: 23797698 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl group donors and intermediates of one-carbon metabolism affect DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, and may thereby affect prostate carcinogenesis. Choline, the precursor of betaine, and the one-carbon metabolite sarcosine have been associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317,000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nested case-control study among 3,000 prostate cancer cases and 3,000 controls. Using conditional logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer risk were estimated according to quintiles of circulating betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), sarcosine, glycine and serine. High sarcosine and glycine concentrations were associated with reduced prostate cancer risk of borderline significance (sarcosine: highest vs. lowest quintile OR = 0.86, CI = 0.72-1.01, p(trend) = 0.03; glycine: OR = 0.83, CI = 0.70-1.00, p(trend) = 0.07). Serum betaine, DMG and serine were not associated with prostate cancer risk. However, individuals with a high glycine/serine ratio were at decreased prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.69-0.85, p(trend) < 0.001). This population-based study suggested that men with high serum sarcosine or glycine concentrations have modestly reduced prostate cancer risk. Ratios of metabolites reflecting one-carbon balance may be associated with prostate cancer risk, as demonstrated for the glycine/serine ratio, and should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Vogel
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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A Novel Derivatization Method for Separation of Sarcosine from Isobaric l-Alanine in Human Urine by GC–MS. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Quantification of candidate prostate cancer metabolite biomarkers in urine using dispersive derivatization liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kalhor H, Ameli A, Alizadeh N. Electrochemically controlled solid-phase micro-extraction of proline using a nanostructured film of polypyrrole, and its determination by ion mobility spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Partial enzymatic elimination and quantification of sarcosine from alanine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3153-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tong S, Zhou X, Zhou C, Li Y, Li W, Zhou W, Jia Q. A strategy to decorate porous polymer monoliths with graphene oxide and graphene nanosheets. Analyst 2013; 138:1549-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Urquidi V, Rosser CJ, Goodison S. Molecular diagnostic trends in urological cancer: biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:3653-63. [PMID: 22680923 DOI: 10.2174/092986712801661103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of urological cancers is pivotal for successful patient treatment and management. The development of molecular assays that can diagnose disease accurately, or that can augment current methods of evaluation, would be a significant advance. Ideally, such molecular assays would be applicable to non-invasively obtained body fluids, enabling not only diagnosis of at risk patients, but also asymptomatic screening, monitoring disease recurrence and response to treatment. The advent of advanced proteomics and genomics technologies and associated bioinformatics development is bringing these goals into focus. In this article we will discuss the promise of biomarkers in urinalysis for the detection and clinical evaluation of the major urological cancers, including bladder, kidney and prostate. The development of urine-based tests to detect urological cancers would be of tremendous benefit to both patients and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Urquidi
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Monitoring potential prostate cancer biomarkers in urine by capillary electrophoresis–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Systematic, evidence-based discovery of biomarkers at the NCI. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:645-52. [PMID: 22868876 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, biomarker discovery has become ubiquitous in cancer research. However, despite this interest in biomarker research, few newly-characterized biomarkers have emerged as clinically-used entities. Here, we review the current state of biomarker research in cancer and identify challenges that stall many biomarker discovery efforts. We outline a model for systematic biomarker discovery, exemplified by recent efforts in prostate cancer, in which bioinformatics plays a central role in identifying promising new candidate biomarkers. Finally, we review the role of the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) in biomarker studies and the importance of EDRN-led efforts to establish a research standard for more effective biomarker discovery efforts.
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