1
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Yang M, Batey JE, Dong B. Automated Five-Dimensional Single Particle Tracking by Bifocal Parallax Dark-Field Microscopy with Electronic Tunable Lens. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1-5. [PMID: 38153091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel method for the precise tracking of plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) in live cells, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the nanocargo's cellular dynamics. Traditional single particle tracking (SPT) struggles with accurately determining all five spatial parameters (x, y, z, ϕ, and θ) in live cells due to various challenges. Our innovation combines electronic tunable lens (ETL) technology with bifocal parallax dark-field (DF) microscopy, allowing continuous adjustment of the imaging focal plane for automatic tracking of both translational and rotational movements of AuNRs. This 5D single-particle orientation and rotational tracking (5D SPORT) method achieves remarkable precision, with 3D localization precisions of 9 (x), 10 (y), and 15 nm (z) and angular resolutions below 2°. To showcase its applicability, we investigated intracellular transport of nanocargos using transferrin-modified AuNRs as the imaging probe. Differentiated transport stages, such as active transport and pause period, were clearly unveiled from the observed dynamics in 5D. This advancement in single particle tracking holds promise for a wide range of applications in biomedical research, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities, such as light sheet fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - James Ethan Batey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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2
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Filbrun SL, Zhao F, Chen K, Huang TX, Yang M, Cheng X, Dong B, Fang N. Imaging Dynamic Processes in Multiple Dimensions and Length Scales. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:377-402. [PMID: 35119943 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-034100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has become an invaluable tool for investigating complex samples. Over the years, many advances to optical microscopes have been made that have allowed us to uncover new insights into the samples studied. Dynamic changes in biological and chemical systems are of utmost importance to study. To probe these samples, multidimensional approaches have been developed to acquire a fuller understanding of the system of interest. These dimensions include the spatial information, such as the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation of the optical probes, and additional chemical and physical properties through combining microscopy with various spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we survey the field of multidimensional microscopy and provide an outlook on the field and challenges that may arise. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Imaging Core Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Ning Fang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
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3
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Zhong Y, Wang G. Three-Dimensional Single Particle Tracking and Its Applications in Confined Environments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:381-403. [PMID: 32097571 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091819-100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single particle tracking (SPT) has proven to be a powerful technique in studying molecular dynamics in complicated systems. We review its recent development, including three-dimensional (3D) SPT and its applications in probing nanostructures and molecule-surface interactions that are important to analytical chemical processes. Several frequently used 3D SPT techniques are introduced. Especially of interest are those based on point spread function engineering, which are simple in instrumentation and can be easily adapted and used in analytical labs. Corresponding data analysis methods are briefly discussed. We present several important case studies, with a focus on probing mass transport and molecule-surface interactions in confined environments. The presented studies demonstrate the great potential of 3D SPT for understanding fundamental phenomena in confined space, which will enable us to predict basic principles involved in chemical recognition, separation, and analysis, and to optimize mass transport and responses by structural design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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4
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5
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Giannakopoulou N, Williams JB, Moody PR, Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Pope I, Payne L, Alexander C, Jones AT, Langbein W, Watson P, Borri P. Four-wave-mixing microscopy reveals non-colocalisation between gold nanoparticles and fluorophore conjugates inside cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4622-4635. [PMID: 32044908 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been researched for many biomedical applications in diagnostics, theranostics, and as drug delivery systems. When conjugated to fluorophores, their interaction with biological cells can be studied in situ and real time using fluorescence microscopy. However, an important question that has remained elusive to answer is whether the fluorophore is a faithful reporter of the nanoparticle location. Here, our recently developed four-wave-mixing optical microscopy is applied to image individual gold nanoparticles and in turn investigate their co-localisation with fluorophores inside cells. Nanoparticles from 10 nm to 40 nm diameter were conjugated to fluorescently-labeled transferrin, for internalisation via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or to non-targeting fluorescently-labelled antibodies. Human (HeLa) and murine (3T3-L1) cells were imaged at different time points after incubation with these conjugates. Our technique identified that, in most cases, fluorescence originated from unbound fluorophores rather than from fluorophores attached to nanoparticles. Fluorescence detection was also severely limited by photobleaching, quenching and autofluorescence background. Notably, correlative extinction/fluorescence microscopy of individual particles on a glass surface indicated that commercial constructs contain large amounts of unbound fluorophores. These findings highlight the potential problems of data interpretation when reliance is solely placed on the detection of fluorescence within the cell, and are of significant importance in the context of correlative light electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya Giannakopoulou
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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6
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He Z, Li C, Robinson HD, Zhu Y. Interferometric spectroscopy and high-speed orientation detection of individual gold nanorods. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2613-2625. [PMID: 31939977 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09899b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although 3D positional tracking of single nanoparticles in suspension is now an established technique, the small size of the particles compared to the wavelength of light has meant it is still challenging to optically characterize individual diffusing particles in other ways. Here we introduce Quantitative Optical Anisotropy Imaging (QOAI), an interferometric technique that fills some of this gap by allowing for real-time tracking of orientation as well as spectroscopic characterization of polarizability in nanoparticles at the microsecond timescale. Applying this to gold nanorods, we demonstrate measurement of nanorod orientation with high precision with simultaneous spectroscopic characterization of the rods' longitudinal plasmon resonance. We also show that we can quantify rotational diffusion in individual particles in both the azimuthal and polar directions near a solid wall, as well as detecting binding of particles to that wall. The simple optical configuration of QOAI will make combining it with positional nanoparticle tracking techniques straightforward, and this opens the door to measurements that are not reachable with current techniques, such as detailed characterization of correlations between rotational and translational diffusion in nanoparticles, real-time observation of particle aggregation and assembly, and measurements of fluctuations in the plasmon resonance in metal nanoparticles as they encounter a changing or heterogeneous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing He
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chengshuai Li
- Centre for Photonics Technology, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Hans D Robinson
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yizheng Zhu
- Centre for Photonics Technology, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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7
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Zhao R, Yuan J, Li N, Sun Y, Xia T, Fang X. Analysis of the Diffusivity Change from Single-Molecule Trajectories on Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13390-13397. [PMID: 31580655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of live-cell single-molecule imaging and tracking of biomolecules at work, deriving diffusion state changes of individual molecules is of particular interest as these changes reflect molecular oligomerization or interaction with other cellular components and thus correlate with functional changes. We have developed a Rayleigh mixture distribution-based hidden Markov model method to analyze time-lapse diffusivity change of single molecules, especially membrane proteins, with unknown dynamic states in living cells. With this method, the diffusion parameters, including diffusion state number, state transition probability, diffusion coefficient, and state mixture ratio, can be extracted from the single-molecule diffusion trajectories accurately via easy computation. The validity of our method has been demonstrated with not only experiments on synthetic trajectories but also single-molecule fluorescence imaging data of two typical membrane receptors. Our method offers a new analytical tool for the investigation of molecular interaction kinetics at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghe Yuan
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yahong Sun
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100088 , P. R. China
| | - Tie Xia
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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8
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Li M, Liu J, Deng M, Ge Z, Afshan N, Zuo X, Li Q. Rapid Transmembrane Transport of DNA Nanostructures by Chemically Anchoring Artificial Receptors on Cell Membranes. Chempluschem 2019; 84:323-327. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
| | - Mengying Deng
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Ge
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
| | - Noshin Afshan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
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9
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Oroskar PA, Jameson CJ, Murad S. Molecular-Level "Observations" of the Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution and Interacting with a Lipid Bilayer Membrane. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2000:303-359. [PMID: 31148024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9516-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to "observe" details of interactions between ligand-covered gold nanoparticles and a lipid bilayer model membrane. In molecular dynamics simulations, one puts the individual atoms and groups of atoms of the physical system to be "observed" into a simulation box, specifies the forms of the potential energies of interactions between them (ultimately quantum based), and lets them individually move classically according to Newton's equations of motion, based on the forces arising from the assumed potential energy forms. The atoms that are chemically bonded to each other stay chemically bonded, following known potentials (force fields) that permit internal degrees of freedom (internal rotation, torsion, vibrations), and the interactions between nonbonded atoms are simplified to Lennard-Jones forms (in our case) and coulombic (where electrical charges are present) in which the parameters are previously optimized to reproduce thermodynamic properties or are based on quantum electronic calculations. The system is started out at a reasonable set of coordinates for all atoms or groups of atoms, and then permitted to develop according to the equations of motion, one small step (usually 10 fs time step) at a time, for millions of steps until the system is at a quasi-equilibrium (usually reached after hundreds of nanoseconds). We then let the system play out its motions further for many nanoseconds to observe the behavior, periodically taking snapshots (saving all positions and energies), and post-processing the snapshots to obtain various average descriptions of the system. Alkanethiols of various lengths serve as examples of hydrophobic ligands and methyl-terminated PEG with various numbers of monomer units serve as examples of hydrophilic ligands. Spherical gold particles of various diameters as well as gold nanorods form the core to which ligands are attached. The nanoparticles are characterized at the molecular level, especially the distributions of ligand configurations and their dependence on ligand length, and surface coverage. Self-assembly of the bilayer from an isotropic solution and observation of membrane properties that correspond well to experimental values validate the simulations. The mechanism of permeation of a gold NP coated with either a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic ligand, and its dependence on surface coverage, ligand length, core diameter, and core shape, is investigated. Lipid response such as lipid flip-flops, lipid extraction, and changes in order parameter of the lipid tails are examined in detail. The mechanism of permeation of a PEGylated nanorod is shown to occur by tilting, lying down, rotating, and straightening up. The nature of the information provided by molecular dynamics simulations permits understanding of the detailed behavior of gold nanoparticles interacting with lipid membranes which in turn helps to understand why some known systems work better than others and aids the design of new particles and improvement of methods for preparing existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Oroskar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia J Jameson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sohail Murad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Wang M, Chen M, Zhanghao K, Zhang X, Jing Z, Gao J, Zhang MQ, Jin D, Dai Z, Xi P, Dai Q. Polarization-based super-resolution imaging of surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles with orientational information. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19757-19765. [PMID: 30211422 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering provides key information of the biological environment through light-molecule interaction; yet, it is generally very weak to detect. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can boost the Raman signal by several orders-of-magnitude, and thus is highly attractive for biochemical sensing. However, conventional super-resolution imaging of SERS is challenging as the Raman signal is generated from the virtual state which cannot be easily modulated as fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate super-resolution microscopy with a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal, with a resolution of approximately 50 nm. By modulating the polarization angle of the excitation laser, the SERS nanorods display a dramatic anisotropy effect, allowing nanoscale orientation determination of multiple dipoles with dense concentration. Furthermore, a well-established defocused analysis was performed to reconfirm the orientation accuracy of super-resolved SERS nanorods. Sub-diffraction resolution was achieved in the imaging of SERS nanorod labeled vesicles in fixed macrophages. Finally, we demonstrate dynamic SERS nanorod tracking in living macrophages, which provides not only the particle trajectory with high spatial resolution but also the rotational changes at the nanometer scale. This pioneering study paves a new way for subcellular super-resolution imaging with the SERS effect, shedding light on wider biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Zhang Q, Reinhard BM. Ligand Density and Nanoparticle Clustering Cooperate in the Multivalent Amplification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10473-10485. [PMID: 30289688 PMCID: PMC6252274 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent presentation of ligands on nanoparticles (NPs) is considered a general strategy for enhancing receptor binding and activation through amplification of ligand-receptor interactions within the footprint of the individual NPs. The spatial clustering of ligand-functionalized NPs represents an additional, less well understood mechanism for increasing local ligand-receptor interactions, especially for receptors that form higher-order assemblies, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). To shed light on the interplay between ligand density ( i.e., multivalency) and NP clustering in signal amplification, we apply EGF-functionalized 72 ± 1 nm gold nanoparticles (NP-EGF) with known ligand loading (10-200 EGF/NP) as quantifiable and experimentally tractable units of EGFR activation and characterize the NP-mediated amplification of EGFR phosphorylation as a function of both EGF surface density and NP-EGF clustering for two cancer cell lines (HeLa and MDA-MB-468). The measurements confirm a strong multivalent amplification of EGFR phosphorylation through NP-EGF on the cellular level that results in EGF-loading-dependent maximum EGFR phosphorylation levels. A microscopic analysis of NP-EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation reveals a heterogeneous spatial distribution of EGFR activation across the cell surface. Clustering of multivalent NP-EGF on sub-diffraction-limited length scales is found to result in a local enhancement of EGFR phosphorylation in signaling "hot spots" from where the signal can spread laterally in an EGF-independent fashion. Increasing EGF loadings of the NP enhances NP-EGF clustering and intensifies EGFR phosphorylation. These observations suggest that NP-EGF clustering and the associated local enhancement of ligand-receptor interactions are intrinsic components of the multivalent amplification of phosphorylation for the heterogeneously distributed EGFR through NP-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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12
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Matsuda Y, Hanasaki I, Iwao R, Yamaguchi H, Niimi T. Estimation of diffusive states from single-particle trajectory in heterogeneous medium using machine-learning methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24099-24108. [PMID: 30204178 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel approach to analyze random walks in heterogeneous medium using a hybrid machine-learning method based on a gamma mixture and a hidden Markov model. A gamma mixture and a hidden Markov model respectively provide the number and the most probable sequence of diffusive states from the time series position data of particles/molecules obtained by single-particle/molecule tracking (SPT/SMT) method. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method for numerically generated trajectories. It is shown that our proposed method can correctly extract the number of diffusive states when each trajectory is long enough to be frame averaged. We also indicate that our method can provide an indicator whether the assumption of a medium consisting of discrete diffusive states is appropriate or not based on the available amount of trajectory data. Then, we demonstrate an application of our method to the analysis of experimentally obtained SPT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsuda
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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13
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Zhong Y, Li C, Zhou H, Wang G. Developing Noise-Resistant Three-Dimensional Single Particle Tracking Using Deep Neural Networks. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10748-10757. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Culver KS, Liu T, Hryn AJ, Fang N, Odom TW. In Situ Identification of Nanoparticle Structural Information Using Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2886-2892. [PMID: 29750870 PMCID: PMC6319630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction-limited optical microscopy lacks the resolution to directly characterize nanoscale features of single nanoparticles. This paper describes how structural features of gold nanostars can be identified using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. First, we established structure-property relationships between categories of nanoparticle shapes and DIC optical images and then validated the correlation with electrodynamic simulations and electron microscopy. We found that DIC image patterns of single nanostars could be differentiated between 2D and 3D geometries. DIC images were also used to distinguish asymmetric and 4-fold symmetric structures and track nanoparticle orientation. Finally, we demonstrated how this wide-field optical technique can be used for in situ characterization of single nanoparticles rotating at a glass-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla S.B. Culver
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexander J. Hryn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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15
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Augspurger AE, Sun X, Trewyn BG, Fang N, Stender AS. Monitoring the Stimulated Uncapping Process of Gold-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3183-3188. [PMID: 29402079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To establish a new method for tracking the interaction of nanoparticles with chemical cleaving agents, we exploited the optical effects caused by attaching 5-10 nm gold nanoparticles with molecular linkers to large mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). At low levels of gold loading onto MSN, the optical spectra resemble colloidal suspensions of gold. As the gold is removed, by cleaving agents, the MSN revert to the optical spectra typical of bare silica. Time-lapse images of gold-capped MSN stationed in microchannels reveal that the rate of gold release is dependent on the concentration of the cleaving agent. The uncapping process was also monitored successfully for MSN endocytosed by A549 cancer cells, which produce the cleaving agent glutathione. These experiments demonstrate that the optical properties of MSN can be used to directly monitor cleaving kinetics, even in complex cellular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Augspurger
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,The Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Xiaoxing Sun
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,The Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Brian G Trewyn
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,The Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,The Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30302 , United States
| | - Anthony S Stender
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,The Ames Laboratory , U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
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16
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Chen K, Gu Y, Sun W, Bin Dong, Wang G, Fan X, Xia T, Fang N. Characteristic rotational behaviors of rod-shaped cargo revealed by automated five-dimensional single particle tracking. Nat Commun 2017; 8:887. [PMID: 29026088 PMCID: PMC5638882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an automated single particle tracking technique for tracking the x, y, z coordinates, azimuthal and elevation angles of anisotropic plasmonic gold nanorod probes in live cells. These five spatial coordinates are collectively referred to as 5D. This method overcomes a long-standing challenge in distinguishing rotational motions from translational motions in the z-axis in differential interference contrast microscopy to result in full disclosure of nanoscale motions with high accuracy. Transferrin-coated endocytic gold nanorod cargoes initially undergo active rotational diffusion and display characteristic rotational motions on the membrane. Then as the cargoes being enclosed in clathrin-coated pits, they slow down the active rotation and experience a quiet period before they restore active rotational diffusion after fission and eventually being transported away from the original entry spots. Finally, the 3D trajectories and the accompanying rotational motions of the cargoes are resolved accurately to render the intracellular transport process in live cells.Distinguishing rotational motions from translational motions in the z-axis has been a long-standing challenge. Here the authors develop a five-dimensional single particle tracking method to detect rotational behaviors of nanocargos during clathrin-mediated endocytosis and intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- The Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Corning Inc., Painted Post, NY, 14870, USA
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Rayleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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17
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Wei L, Ma Y, Zhu X, Xu J, Wang Y, Duan H, Xiao L. Sub-diffraction-limit localization imaging of a plasmonic nanoparticle pair with wavelength-resolved dark-field microscopy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8747-8755. [PMID: 28616948 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02474f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, with wavelength-resolved dark-field microscopy, the center-of-mass localization information from nanoparticle pairs (i.e., spherical (45 nm in diameter) and rod (45 × 70 nm) shaped gold nanoparticle pairs with different gap distances and orientations) was explored and compared with the results determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. When the gap distance was less than 20 nm, the scattering spectrum of the nanoparticle pair was seriously modulated by the plasmonic coupling effect. The measured coordinate information determined by the optical method (Gaussian fitting) was not consistent with the true results determined by SEM measurement. A good correlation between the optical and SEM measurements was achieved when the gap distance was further increased (e.g., 20, 40 and 60 nm). Under these conditions, well-defined scattering peaks assigned to the corresponding individual nanoparticles could be distinguished from the obtained scattering spectrum. These results would afford valuable information for the studies on single plasmonic nanoparticle imaging applications with the optical microscopy method such as super-localization imaging, high precision single particle tracking in a crowding environment and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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18
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Zhao F, Chen K, Dong B, Yang K, Gu Y, Fang N. Localization accuracy of gold nanoparticles in single particle orientation and rotational tracking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9860-9871. [PMID: 28468365 PMCID: PMC5462070 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Single Particle Orientation and Rotational Tracking (SPORT) technique, which utilizes anisotropic plasmonic gold nanorods and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, has shown potential as an effective alternative to fluorescence-based techniques to decipher rotational motions on the cellular and molecular levels. However, localizing gold nanorods from their DIC images with high accuracy and precision is more challenging than the procedures applied in fluorescence or scattering microscopy techniques due to the asymmetric DIC point spread function with bright and dark parts superimposed over a grey background. In this paper, localization accuracy and inherited uncertainties from unique DIC image patterns are elucidated with the assistance of computer simulation. These discussions provide guidance for researchers to properly evaluate their data and avoid making claims beyond the technical limits. The understanding of the intrinsic localization errors and the principle of DIC microscopy leads us to propose a new localization strategy that utilizes the experimentally-measured shear distance of the DIC microscope to improve the localization accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303,
USA
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303,
USA
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303,
USA
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215006,
USA
| | - Yan Gu
- The Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA 01434,
USA
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303,
USA
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19
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Abstract
This review describes the growing partnership between super-resolution imaging and plasmonics, by describing the various ways in which the two topics mutually benefit one another to enhance our understanding of the nanoscale world. First, localization-based super-resolution imaging strategies, where molecules are modulated between emissive and nonemissive states and their emission localized, are applied to plasmonic nanoparticle substrates, revealing the hidden shape of the nanoparticles while also mapping local electromagnetic field enhancements and reactivity patterns on their surface. However, these results must be interpreted carefully due to localization errors induced by the interaction between metallic substrates and single fluorophores. Second, plasmonic nanoparticles are explored as image contrast agents for both superlocalization and super-resolution imaging, offering benefits such as high photostability, large signal-to-noise, and distance-dependent spectral features but presenting challenges for localizing individual nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited spot. Finally, the use of plasmon-tailored excitation fields to achieve subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution is discussed, using localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons to create confined excitation volumes or image magnification to enhance spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Padmanabh B Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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20
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Sundaresan V, Marchuk K, Yu Y, Titus EJ, Wilson AJ, Armstrong CM, Zhang B, Willets KA. Visualizing and Calculating Tip–Substrate Distance in Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Using 3-Dimensional Super-Resolution Optical Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 89:922-928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Eric J. Titus
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chadd M. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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21
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Brasiliense V, Berto P, Combellas C, Tessier G, Kanoufi F. Electrochemistry of Single Nanodomains Revealed by Three-Dimensional Holographic Microscopy. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2049-57. [PMID: 27598333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanoparticles has vigorously increased over the last 20 years as more and more studies show how their use can potentially revolutionize science and technology. Their applications span many different academically and industrially relevant fields such as catalysis, materials science, health, etc. Until the past decade, however, nanoparticle studies mostly relied on ensemble studies, thus leaving aside their chemical heterogeneity at the single particle level. Over the past few years, powerful new tools appeared to probe nanoparticles individually and in situ. This Account describes how we drew inspiration from the emerging fields of nanoelectrochemistry and plasmonics-based high resolution holographic microscopy to develop a coupled approach capable of analyzing in operando (electro)chemical reaction over one single nanoparticle. A brief overview of selected optical strategies to image NPs in situ with emphasis on scattering based methods is presented. In an electrochemical context, it is necessary to track particle behavior both in solution and near a polarized electrode, which is why 3D optical observation is particularly appealing. These approaches are discussed together with strategies to track NPs beyond the diffraction limit, allowing a much finer description of their trajectories. Then, the holographic setup is used to study electrochemically triggered Ag NP oxidation reaction in the presence of different electrolytes. Holography is shown to be a powerful technique to track and analyze the trajectory of individual NPs in situ, which further sheds light on in operando behaviors such as electrogenerated NP transport, aggregation, or adsorption. We then show that spectroscopy and scattering-based optical methods are reliable and sensitive to the point of being used to investigate and quantify NP (electro)chemical reactions in model cases. However, since real chemical reactions usually take place in an inherently complex environment, approaches based exclusively on optical imaging only reach their limitations. The strategy is then taken one step further by merging together electrochemical nanoimpact experiments with 3D optical monitoring. Previous strategies are validated by showing that in simple cases, these two independent ways of probing NP size and reactivity yield the same results. For more complicated reactions (e.g., multistep reactions), one must go beyond either technique by showing that the two approaches are perfectly complementary and that the two signals contain information of different natures, thus providing a much better characterization of the reaction. This point is illustrated by studying Ag NP oxidation (single or agglomerates) in the presence of a precipitating agent, where the actual oxidation is uncoupled from the dissolution of the particle, thus proving the point of our symbiotic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Berto
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory CNRS UMR 8250, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory CNRS UMR 8250, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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22
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Zhang P, Kim K, Lee S, Chakkarapani SK, Fang N, Kang SH. Augmented 3D super-resolution of fluorescence-free nanoparticles using enhanced dark-field illumination based on wavelength-modulation and a least-cubic algorithm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32863. [PMID: 27619347 PMCID: PMC5020655 DOI: 10.1038/srep32863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented three-dimensional (3D) subdiffraction-limited resolution of fluorescence-free single-nanoparticles was achieved with wavelength-dependent enhanced dark-field (EDF) illumination and a least-cubic algorithm. Various plasmonic nanoparticles on a glass slide (i.e., gold nanoparticles, GNPs; silver nanoparticles, SNPs; and gold nanorods, GNRs) were imaged and sliced in the z-direction to a thickness of 10 nm. Single-particle images were then compared with simulation data. The 3D coordinates of individual GNP, SNP, and GNR nanoparticles (x, y, z) were resolved by fitting the data with 3D point spread functions using a least-cubic algorithm and collation. Final, 3D super-resolution microscopy (SRM) images were obtained by resolving 3D coordinates and their Cramér-Rao lower bound-based localization precisions in an image space (530 nm × 530 nm × 300 nm) with a specific voxel size (2.5 nm × 2.5 nm × 5 nm). Compared with the commonly used least-square method, the least-cubic method was more useful for finding the center in asymmetric cases (i.e., nanorods) with high precision and accuracy. This novel 3D fluorescence-free SRM technique was successfully applied to resolve the positions of various nanoparticles on glass and gold nanospots (in vitro) as well as in a living single cell (in vivo) with subdiffraction limited resolution in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Chakkarapani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 308 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhao L, Zhong Y, Wei Y, Ortiz N, Chen F, Wang G. Microscopic Movement of Slow-Diffusing Nanoparticles in Cylindrical Nanopores Studied with Three-Dimensional Tracking. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5122-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Zhao
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yaning Zhong
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yanli Wei
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nathalia Ortiz
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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24
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Matsuda Y, Hanasaki I, Iwao R, Yamaguchi H, Niimi T. Faster Convergence of Diffusion Anisotropy Detection by Three-Step Relation of Single-Particle Trajectory. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4502-7. [PMID: 26980574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We focus on the issue of limited number of samples in the single particle tracking (SPT) when trying to extract the diffusion anisotropy that originates from the particle asymmetry. We propose a novel evaluation technique of SPT making use of the relation of the consecutive three steps. More specifically, the trend of the angle comprised of the three positions and the displacements are plotted on a scatter diagram. The particle anisotropy dependence of the shape of the scatter diagram is examined through the data from the standard numerical model of anisotropic two-dimensional Brownian motion. Comparison with the existing method reveals the faster convergence in the evaluation. In particular, our proposed method realizes the detection of diffusion anisotropy under the conditions of not only less number of data but also larger time steps. This is of practical importance not only when the abundant data is hard to achieve but also when the rotational diffusion is fast compared to the frame rate of the camera equipment, which tends to be more common for smaller particles or molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsuda
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Itsuo Hanasaki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwao
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomohide Niimi
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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25
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Chen T, Huang Y. Transient Absorption: A New Modality for Microscopic Imaging of Nanomaterials in Living Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4998-5003. [PMID: 26287311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transient absorption is a secondary absorption that happens after a material has been excited through primary absorption. Different mechanisms can contribute to transient absorption. This universal photophysical process exists in almost all types of nanomaterials, making it an ideal modality to monitor the location, dynamics, and interactions of nanomaterials in living cells, tissues, or animals. With two beams of lasers and a scanning microscope, transient absorption microscopy is able to acquire high-resolution, 3D images at high speed, without the need for labeling. Through time-delay adjustments of pulse trains, this novel method can also reveal background-free images of specific nanomaterials, even with the interference of high concentrations of fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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26
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Bon P, Bourg N, Lécart S, Monneret S, Fort E, Wenger J, Lévêque-Fort S. Three-dimensional nanometre localization of nanoparticles to enhance super-resolution microscopy. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26212705 PMCID: PMC4525210 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the nanometre resolution promised by super-resolution microscopy techniques (pointillist: PALM, STORM, scanning: STED) requires stabilizing the sample drifts in real time during the whole acquisition process. Metal nanoparticles are excellent probes to track the lateral drifts as they provide crisp and photostable information. However, achieving nanometre axial super-localization is still a major challenge, as diffraction imposes large depths-of-fields. Here we demonstrate fast full three-dimensional nanometre super-localization of gold nanoparticles through simultaneous intensity and phase imaging with a wavefront-sensing camera based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. We show how to combine the intensity and phase information to provide the key to the third axial dimension. Presently, we demonstrate even in the occurrence of large three-dimensional fluctuations of several microns, unprecedented sub-nanometre localization accuracies down to 0.7 nm in lateral and 2.7 nm in axial directions at 50 frames per second. We demonstrate that nanoscale stabilization greatly enhances the image quality and resolution in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), CNRS UMR5298, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Bordeaux University, Rue Francois Mitterand, 33400 Talence, France.,Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7587, PSL Research University, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris 75238, France.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), University Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8214, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Nicolas Bourg
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), University Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8214, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sandrine Lécart
- Centre de photonique Biomédicale (CPBM/CLUPS/LUMAT) FR2764, University Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Serge Monneret
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7587, PSL Research University, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris 75238, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), University Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8214, Orsay 91405, France
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27
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Li H, Chen D, Xu G, Yu B, Niu H. Three dimensional multi-molecule tracking in thick samples with extended depth-of-field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:787-794. [PMID: 25835838 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a non-z-scanning multi-molecule tracking system with nano-resolution in all three dimensions and extended depth of field (DOF), which based on distorted grating (DG) and double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) combination microscopy (DDCM). The critical component in DDCM is a custom designed composite phase mask (PM) combining the functions of DG and DH-PSF. The localization precision and the effective DOF of the home-built DDCM system based on the designed PM were tested. Our experimental results show that the three-dimensional (3D) localization precision for the three diffraction orders of the grating are σ(-1st)(x, y, z) = (6.5 nm, 9.2nm, 23.4 nm), σ(0th)(x, y, z) = (3.7 nm, 2.8nm, 10.3 nm), and σ(+1s)(x, y, z) = (5.8 nm, 6.9 nm, 18.4 nm), respectively. Furthermore, the total effective DOF of the DDCM system is extended to 14 μm. Tracking experiment demonstrated that beads separated over 12 μm along the axial direction at some instants can be localized and tracked successfully.
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28
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Peng Y, Xiong B, Peng L, Li H, He Y, Yeung ES. Recent advances in optical imaging with anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2014; 87:200-15. [PMID: 25375954 DOI: 10.1021/ac504061p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University , Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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29
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Lee YK, Kim S, Nam JM. Dark-field-based observation of single-nanoparticle dynamics on a supported lipid bilayer for in situ analysis of interacting molecules and nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:77-84. [PMID: 25345401 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Observation of single plasmonic nanoparticles in reconstituted biological systems allows us to obtain snapshots of dynamic processes between molecules and nanoparticles with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and single-molecule/single-particle-level data acquisition. This Concept is intended to introduce nanoparticle-tethered supported lipid bilayer platforms that allow for the dynamic confinement of nanoparticles on a two-dimensional fluidic surface. The dark-field-based long-term, stable, real-time observation of freely diffusing plasmonic nanoparticles on a lipid bilayer enables one to extract a broad range of information about interparticle and molecular interactions throughout the entire reaction period. Herein, we highlight important developments in this context to provide ideas on how molecular interactions can be interpreted by monitoring dynamic behaviors and optical signals of laterally mobile nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (South Korea); Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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30
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Lee S, Kang SH. Fluorescent-free detection on nanobiochips based on wavelength-dependent single plasmonic nanoparticles by differential interference contrast microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Liu M, Chao J, Deng S, Wang K, Li K, Fan C. Dark-field microscopy in imaging of plasmon resonant nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:111-7. [PMID: 25009105 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dark-field microscopy (DFM) and spectroscopy base on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have been widely applied in biological sensing and single-molecule imaging. Using plasmonic nanoparticles with controlled geometrical, optical, and surface chemical properties as the probes, the scattering light depending on the surrounding environment can be detected by DF microscope. Signal-to-noise radio and time resolution of the conventional DFM is not sufficient to identify single molecular dynamics. To break these limitations, significant improvements have been made in recent years. This critical review is focused on the developments of the DFM and the utilization of DFM as a powerful technology in the application of LSPR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Suhui Deng
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Kun Li
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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32
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Zhang H, Wang L, Yuan B, Yang K, Ma Y. Effect of Receptor Structure and Length on the Wrapping of a Nanoparticle by a Lipid Membrane. MATERIALS 2014; 7:3855-3866. [PMID: 28788653 PMCID: PMC5453215 DOI: 10.3390/ma7053855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been considered as a type of powerful tool to deliver drugs and genes into cells for disease diagnosis and therapies. It has been generally accepted that the internalization of nanoparticles into cells is mostly realized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, for the influence of structural factors of receptors on endocytosis, this is still largely unknown. In this paper, computer simulations are applied to investigate the effects of structure (i.e., the number of constituent chains of the receptor) and the length of the receptor on the wrapping behavior of nanoparticles by the lipid membrane, which is a key step of receptor-medicated endocytosis. It is found that these structural factors of receptors have strong effects on the nanoparticle’s final interaction configuration with the membrane in the simulations, such as adhering on the membrane surface or being partly or fully wrapped by the membrane. Furthermore, in some cases, the rupture of the lipid membrane occurs. These results are helpful for the understanding of endocytosis and the preparation of advanced nanoscale drug-delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jaingsu, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuqiang Ma
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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33
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Xu D, He Y, Yeung ES. Direct Imaging of Transmembrane Dynamics of Single Nanoparticles with Darkfield Microscopy: Improved Orientation Tracking at Cell Sidewall. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3397-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403700u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Edward S. Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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34
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Cheng X, Dai D, Xu D, He Y, Yeung ES. Subdiffraction-Limited Plasmonic Imaging with Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2303-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403512w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dinggui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Edward S. Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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36
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Augspurger AE, Stender AS, Han R, Fang N. Detecting Plasmon Resonance Energy Transfer with Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1196-201. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403347e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Augspurger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University & The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anthony S. Stender
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University & The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University & The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University & The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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37
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Gu Y, Ha JW, Augspurger AE, Chen K, Zhu S, Fang N. Single Particle Orientation and Rotational Tracking (SPORT) in biophysical studies. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10753-10764. [PMID: 23963363 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The single particle orientation and rotational tracking (SPORT) techniques have seen rapid development in the past 5 years. Recent technical advances have greatly expanded the applicability of SPORT in biophysical studies. In this feature article, we survey the current development of SPORT and discuss its potential applications in biophysics, including cellular membrane processes and intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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38
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Titus EJ, Willets KA. Accuracy of superlocalization imaging using Gaussian and dipole emission point-spread functions for modeling gold nanorod luminescence. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6258-6267. [PMID: 23725587 DOI: 10.1021/nn4022845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study comparing the accuracy of superlocalization imaging of plasmon-mediated emission from gold nanorods (AuNRs) using both Gaussian and dipole emission point-spread function (PSF) models. By fitting the emission PSF of single AuNR luminescence, we have shown that a 3-axis dipole PSF gives improved localization accuracy over the Gaussian PSF, especially for nonplanar AuNRs, while also allowing the AuNR three-dimensional orientation and emission wavelength to be determined. On the other hand, when a single-axis dipole PSF model is applied to the AuNR emission, the fit estimates converge to values that are inconsistent with their experimentally measured values, affecting both the localization accuracy and precision of the fitted centroid position. These results indicate that when applying superlocalization techniques to plasmonic nanostructures, care must be taken to understand the nature of the emission before a correct dipole PSF can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Titus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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39
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Stender AS, Marchuk K, Liu C, Sander S, Meyer MW, Smith EA, Neupane B, Wang G, Li J, Cheng JX, Huang B, Fang N. Single cell optical imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2469-527. [PMID: 23410134 PMCID: PMC3624028 DOI: 10.1021/cr300336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Stender
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Suzanne Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew W. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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40
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Gu Y, Wang G, Fang N. Simultaneous single-particle superlocalization and rotational tracking. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1658-1665. [PMID: 23363388 DOI: 10.1021/nn305640y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Superlocalization of single molecules and nanoparticles has become an essential procedure to bring new insights into nanoscale structures and dynamics of biological systems. In the present study, superlocalization is combined with the newly introduced differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy-based single-particle orientation and rotational tracking. The new technique overcomes the difficulty in localization of the antisymmetric DIC point spread function by using a dual-modality microscope configuration for simultaneous rotational tracking and localization of single gold nanorods with nanometer-scale precision. The new imaging setup has been applied to study the steric hindrance induced by relatively large cargos in the microtubule gliding assay and to track nanocargos in the crowded cellular environment. This technique has great potential in the study of biological processes where both localization and rotational information are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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41
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Yu X, Wang J, Feizpour A, Reinhard BM. Illuminating the lateral organization of cell-surface CD24 and CD44 through plasmon coupling between Au nanoparticle immunolabels. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1290-4. [PMID: 23320416 PMCID: PMC3669593 DOI: 10.1021/ac303310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD44 and CD24 are important cell surface glycoproteins whose relative expression levels are used to identify so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). While current diagnostic applications of CD44 and CD24 focus primarily on their expression levels, we demonstrate here that noble metal nanoparticle (NP) immunolabeling in combination with plasmon coupling microscopy (PCM) can reveal more subtle differences, such as the spatial organization of these surface species on subdiffraction limit length scales. We quantified both expression and spatial clustering of CD44 and CD24 on MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells through analysis of the labeling intensity and the electromagnetic coupling of the NP labels, respectively. The labeling intensity was well correlated with the receptor expression, but the inspection of the labeled cell surface in the optical microscope revealed that the NP immunolabels were not homogeneously distributed. Consistent with a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the targeted CD24 and CD44 in the plasma membrane, a significant fraction of the NPs were organized into clusters, which were easily detectable in the optical microscope as discrete spots with colors ranging from green to orange. To further quantify the spatial organization of the targeted proteins, we characterized individual NP clusters through spatially resolved elastic scattering spectroscopy. The statistical analysis of the single cluster spectra revealed a higher clustering affinity for CD24 than for CD44 in the investigated cancer models. This preferential clustering was removed upon lipid raft disruption through cholesterol sequestration. Overall, these observations confirm a preferential enrichment of CD24 in lipid rafts and a more random distribution of CD44 in the plasma membrane as cause for the observed differences in protein clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Amin Feizpour
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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