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Wang J, Zhang R, Ji X, Wang P, Ding C. SERS and fluorescence detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with specific capture-release mode based on multifunctional gold nanomaterials and dual-selective recognition. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1141:206-213. [PMID: 33248653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-selective recognition and multi-enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-fluorescence dual mode detection platform is designed for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) substrate was synthesized and the CTCs were captured on the surface area of AuNFs/ITO substrate by aptamers modified. At the same time, the novel nanoprobe was designed, anti-EpCAM (AE) and trigger DNA were modified onto the surface of gold nanostars (AuNSs) through a PEG linker. The novel nanoprobe identified CTCs through the specific recognition reaction between AE and the cell epithelial adhesion molecule of the CTCs. The dual-recognition cellular mechanism of the aptamers and AE improves selectivity. Then, the complementary sequence (CS) hybridize with aptamers to release the captured CTCs into the culture medium. The number of CTCs released was detected by SERS and fluorescence. The limit of SERS detection was 5 cells/mL with a linear relationship from 5 to 200 cells/mL. The limit of fluorescence detection was 10 cells/mL with a linear relationship from 10 to 200 cells/mL. Thus, the developed CTCs detection platform demonstrates promising applications for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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2
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Chen K, Amontree J, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Incorporation of lateral microfiltration with immunoaffinity for enhancing the capture efficiency of rare cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14210. [PMID: 32848184 PMCID: PMC7450051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The methods for isolating rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be generally classified into two categories: those based on physical properties (e.g., size) and methods based on biological properties (e.g., immunoaffinity). CellSearch, the only FDA-approved method for the CTC-based cancer prognosis, relies on immunoaffinity interactions between CTCs and antibodies immobilized on magnetic particles. Immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation has also been employed in microfluidic devices, which show higher capture efficiency than CellSearch. We report here our investigation of combining size-based microfiltration into a microfluidic device with immunoaffinity for enhanced capture efficiency of CTCs. The device consists of four serpentine main channels, and each channel contains an array of lateral filters that create a two-dimensional flow. The main flow is through the serpentine channel, allowing the majority of the sample to pass by while the secondary flow goes through the lateral filters. The device design is optimized to make all fluid particles interact with filters. The filter sizes range from 24 to 12 µm, being slightly larger than or having similar dimension of CTCs. These filters are immobilized with antibodies specific to CTCs and thus they function as gates, allowing normal blood cells to pass by while forcing the interactions between CTCs and antibodies on the filter surfaces. The hydrodynamic force experienced by a CTC was also studied for optimal experimental conditions to ensure immunoaffinity-enabled cell capture. The device was evaluated by capturing two types of tumor cells spiked in healthy blood or a buffer, and we found that their capture efficiency was between 87.2 and 93.5%. The platform was further validated by isolating CTCs from blood samples of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jacob Amontree
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100278, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Polysaccharide Multilayer Films in Sensors for Detecting Prostate Tumor Cells Based on Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061563. [PMID: 32604896 PMCID: PMC7349506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing need for point-of-care diagnosis has sparked the development of label-free sensing platforms, some of which are based on impedance measurements with biological cells. Here, interdigitated electrodes were functionalized with layer-by-layer (LbL) films of hyaluronan (HA) and chitosan (CHI) to detect prostatic tumor cells (PC3 line). The deposition of LbL films was confirmed with atomic force microscopy and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), which featured the vibrational modes of the HA top layer capable of interacting specifically with glycoprotein CD44 receptors overexpressed in tumor cells. Though the CHI/HA LbL films cannot be considered as a traditional biosensor due to their limited selectivity, it was possible to distinguish prostate tumor cells in the range from 50 to 600 cells/µL in in vitro experiments with impedance spectroscopy. This was achieved by treating the impedance data with information visualization methods, which confirmed the distinguishing ability of the films by observing the absence of false positives in a series of control experiments. The CD44–HA interactions may, therefore, be exploited in clinical analyses and point-of-care diagnostics for cancer, particularly if computational methods are used to process the data.
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4
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Li W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Gao H, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Emerging Nanotechnologies for Liquid Biopsy: The Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805344. [PMID: 30589111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive and dynamic analysis of molecular or cellular biomarkers, and therefore holds great potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of disease progress and treatment efficacy, understanding of disease mechanisms, and identification of therapeutic targets for drug development. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanosensors for liquid biopsy is summarized, with a focus on the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The developments and advances of nanomaterials and nanostructures in enhancing the sensitivity, specificity, and purity for the detection of CTCs and EVs are discussed. Sensing techniques for signal transduction and amplification as well as visualization strategies are also discussed. New technologies for the reversible release of the isolated CTCs and EVs and for single-CTC/EV analysis are summarized. Emerging microfluidic platforms for the integral on-chip isolation, detection, and molecular analysis are also included. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects of these innovative materials and technologies, especially with regard to their feasibility in clinical applications, are discussed. The applications of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy will bring new insight into the clinical practice in monitoring and treatment of tumor and other significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Xiao M, Lai W, Man T, Chang B, Li L, Chandrasekaran AR, Pei H. Rationally Engineered Nucleic Acid Architectures for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11631-11717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Man
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Arun Richard Chandrasekaran
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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6
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Zhou YG, Kermansha L, Zhang L, Mohamadi RM. Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensors to Facilitate Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Circulating Tumor Markers. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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7
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Ye D, Zuo X, Fan C. DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Interfacial Engineering for Biosensor Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:171-195. [PMID: 29490188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors represent biomimetic analytical tools for addressing increasing needs in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, security, and biodefense. Nevertheless, widespread real-world applications of biosensors remain challenging due to limitations of performance, including sensitivity, specificity, speed, and reproducibility. In this review, we present a DNA nanotechnology-enabled interfacial engineering approach for improving the performance of biosensors. We first introduce the main challenges of the biosensing interfaces, especially under the context of controlling the DNA interfacial assembly. We then summarize recent progress in DNA nanotechnology and efforts to harness DNA nanostructures to engineer various biological interfaces, with a particular focus on the use of framework nucleic acids. We also discuss the implementation of biosensors to detect physiologically relevant nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, ions, and other biomarkers. This review highlights promising applications of DNA nanotechnology in interfacial engineering for biosensors and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Ye
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Schools of Medicine and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;
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8
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Ferapontova EE. DNA Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Sensors for Nucleic Acids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:197-218. [PMID: 29894229 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive, specific, and fast analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is strongly needed in medicine, environmental science, biodefence, and agriculture for the study of bacterial contamination of food and beverages and genetically modified organisms. Electrochemistry offers accurate, simple, inexpensive, and robust tools for the development of such analytical platforms that can successfully compete with other approaches for NA detection. Here, electrode reactions of DNA, basic principles of electrochemical NA analysis, and their relevance for practical applications are reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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9
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Nucleic acid-based electrochemical nanobiosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:479-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Hui L, Su Y, Ye T, Liu Z, Tian Q, He C, Zhao Y, Chen P, Wang X, Han W, Luo Y, Wang B. Self-Sterilizing and Regeneratable Microchip for the Precise Capture and Recovery of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:207-218. [PMID: 29235843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells metastasize and are transported in the bloodstream, easily reaching any site in the body through the blood circulation. A method designed to assess the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) should be validated as a clinical tool for predicting the response to therapy and monitoring the disease progression in patients with cancer. Although CTCs are detectable in many cases, they remain unavailable for clinic usage because of their high testing cost, tedious operation, and poor clinical relevance. Herein, we developed a regeneratable microchip for isolating CTCs, which is available for robust cell heterogeneity assays on-site without the need for a sterile environment. The ivy-like hierarchical roughened zinc oxide (ZnO) nanograss interface was synthesized and directly integrated into the microfluidic devices and enables effective CTC capture and flexible, nontoxic CTC release during incubation in a mildly acidic solution, thus enabling cellular and molecular analyses. The microchip can be regenerated and recycled to capture CTCs with the remaining ZnO without affecting the efficiency, even after countless cycles of cell release. Moreover, microbial infection is avoided during its storage, distribution, and even in the open space usage, which ideally appeals to the demands of point-of-care (POC) and home testing and meets to the requirements for blood examinations in undeveloped or resource-limited settings. Furthermore, the findings generated using this platform based on the cocktail of antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule and antivimentin antibodies indicate that CTC capture was more precise and reasonable for patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hui
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yi Su
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | - Qingchang Tian
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Chuanjiang He
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | - Pu Chen
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029, China
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11
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Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Du S, Wang L, Chen S. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:21-41. [PMID: 29291161 PMCID: PMC5743836 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. As a form of “tumor liquid biopsy”, CTCs provide important information for the mechanistic investigation of cancer metastasis and the measurement of tumor genotype evolution during treatment and disease progression. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in the peripheral blood and the heterogeneity of CTCs make their isolation and characterization major technological challenges. Recently, nanotechnologies have been developed for sensitive CTC detection; such technologies will enable better cell and molecular characterization and open up a wide range of clinical applications, including early disease detection and evaluation of treatment response and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the nanotechnology-based strategies for CTC isolation, including representative nanomaterials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silicon nanopillars, nanowires, nanopillars, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and graphene oxide) and microfluidic chip technologies that incorporate nanoroughened surfaces and discuss their key challenges and perspectives in CTC downstream analyses, such as protein expression and genetic mutations that may reflect tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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12
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Liu W, Yin B, Wang X, Yu P, Duan X, Liu C, Wang B, Tao Z. Circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer: Precision diagnosis and therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1223-1232. [PMID: 28789337 PMCID: PMC5529747 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of tumor-associated mortality in prostate cancer (PCa) remains distant metastasis. The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through the bloodstream cannot be detected early by standard imaging methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which are able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of metastases, and finally, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional diagnostic methods. In addition, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a liquid biopsy, represents an attractive opportunity. The implementation of molecular and genomic characterization of CTCs may contribute to improve the treatment selection and thus, to move toward more precise diagnosis and therapy in PCa. The present study summarizes the current advances in CTC enrichment and detection strategies and reviews how CTCs may contribute to significant insights in the metastatic process, as well as how they may be utilized in clinical application in PCa. Although it is proposed that CTCs may offer insights into the prognosis and management of PCa, there are a number of challenges in the study of circulating tumor cells, and their clinical utility remains under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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13
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Labelle AJ, Bonifazi M, Tian Y, Wong C, Hoogland S, Favraud G, Walters G, Sutherland B, Liu M, Li J, Zhang X, Kelley SO, Sargent EH, Fratalocchi A. Broadband Epsilon-near-Zero Reflectors Enhance the Quantum Efficiency of Thin Solar Cells at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5556-5565. [PMID: 28156089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of broadband absorbers to harvest white light in thin-film semiconductors is a major challenge in developing renewable materials for energy harvesting. Many solution-processed materials with high manufacturability and low cost, such as semiconductor quantum dots, require the use of film structures with thicknesses on the order of 1 μm to absorb incoming photons completely. The electron transport lengths in these media, however, are 1 order of magnitude smaller than this length, hampering further progress with this platform. Herein, we show that, by engineering suitably disordered nanoplasmonic structures, we have created a new class of dispersionless epsilon-near-zero composite materials that efficiently harness white light. Our nanostructures localize light in the dielectric region outside the epsilon-near-zero material with characteristic lengths of 10-100 nm, resulting in an efficient system for harvesting broadband light when a thin absorptive film is deposited on top of the structure. By using a combination of theory and experiments, we demonstrate that ultrathin layers down to 50 nm of colloidal quantum dots deposited atop the epsilon-near-zero material show an increase in broadband absorption ranging from 200% to 500% compared to a planar structure of the same colloidal quantum-dot-absorber average thickness. When the epsilon-near-zero nanostructures were used in an energy-harvesting module, we observed a spectrally averaged 170% broadband increase in the external quantum efficiency of the device, measured at wavelengths between 400 and 1200 nm. Atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence excitation measurements demonstrate that the properties of these epsilon-near-zero structures apply to general metals and could be used to enhance the near-field absorption of semiconductor structures more widely. We have developed an inexpensive electrochemical deposition process that enables scaled-up production of this nanomaterial for large-scale energy-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Labelle
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | | | | | - C Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - S Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | | | - G Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - B Sutherland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - M Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - E H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 Kings College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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14
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Park MH, Reátegui E, Li W, Tessier SN, Wong KHK, Jensen AE, Thapar V, Ting D, Toner M, Stott SL, Hammond PT. Enhanced Isolation and Release of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Nanoparticle Binding and Ligand Exchange in a Microfluidic Chip. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2741-2749. [PMID: 28133963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients has the potential to be a powerful and noninvasive method for examining metastasis, evaluating prognosis, assessing tumor sensitivity to drugs, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we have developed an efficient strategy to isolate CTCs from the blood of breast cancer patients using a microfluidic immune-affinity approach. Additionally, to gain further access to these rare cells for downstream characterization, our strategy allows for easy detachment of the captured CTCs from the substrate without compromising cell viability or the ability to employ next generation RNA sequencing for the identification of specific breast cancer genes. To achieve this, a chemical ligand-exchange reaction was engineered to release cells attached to a gold nanoparticle coating bound to the surface of a herringbone microfluidic chip (NP-HBCTC-Chip). Compared to the use of the unmodified HBCTC-Chip, our approach provides several advantages, including enhanced capture efficiency and recovery of isolated CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sahmyook University , Seoul, 01795, Korea
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15
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Hinman SS, Cheng Q. Bioinspired Assemblies and Plasmonic Interfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016; 781:136-146. [PMID: 28163664 PMCID: PMC5283611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensing represents a collection of techniques that may be utilized for capture and detection of biomolecules in both simple and complex media. While the instrumentation and technological aspects play important roles in detection capabilities, the interfacial design aspects are of equal importance, and often, those inspired by nature produce the best results. This review highlights recent material designs, recognition schemes, and method developments as they relate to targeted electrochemical analysis for biological systems. This includes the design of electrodes functionalized with peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes, along with nanoparticle mediated signal amplification mechanisms. The topic of hyphenated surface plasmon resonance assays is also discussed, as this technique may be performed concurrently with complementary and/or confirmatory measurements. Together, smart materials and experimental designs will continue to pave the way for complete biomolecular analyses of complex and technically challenging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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16
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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17
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Cheng SB, Xie M, Xu JQ, Wang J, Lv SW, Guo S, Shu Y, Wang M, Dong WG, Huang WH. High-Efficiency Capture of Individual and Cluster of Circulating Tumor Cells by a Microchip Embedded with Three-Dimensional Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Scaffold. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6773-80. [PMID: 27291464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has great significance for cancer research but is highly challenged. Here, we developed a microchip embedded with a three-dimensional (3D) PDMS scaffold by a quadratic-sacrificing template method for high-efficiency capture of CTCs. The microchip was gifted with a 3D interconnected macroporous structure, strong toughness, and excellent flexibility and transparency, enabling fast isolation and convenient observation of CTCs. Especially, 3D scaffold chip perfectly integrates the two main strategies currently used for enhancement of cell capture efficiency. Spatially distributed 3D scaffold compels cells undergoing chaotic or vortex migration in the channel, and the spatially distributed nanorough skeleton offers ample binding sites, which synergistically and significantly improve CTCs capture efficiency. Our results showed that 1-118 CTCs/mL were identified from 14 cancer patients' blood and 5 out of these cancer patients showed 1-14 CTC clusters/mL. This work demonstrates for the first time the development of microchip with transparent interconnected 3D scaffold for isolation of CTCs and CTC clusters, which may promote in-depth analysis of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Song-Wei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Shu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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18
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Sage AT, Besant JD, Mahmoudian L, Poudineh M, Bai X, Zamel R, Hsin M, Sargent EH, Cypel M, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Kelley SO. Fractal circuit sensors enable rapid quantification of biomarkers for donor lung assessment for transplantation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500417. [PMID: 26601233 PMCID: PMC4643795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker profiling is being rapidly incorporated in many areas of modern medical practice to improve the precision of clinical decision-making. This potential improvement, however, has not been transferred to the practice of organ assessment and transplantation because previously developed gene-profiling techniques require an extended period of time to perform, making them unsuitable in the time-sensitive organ assessment process. We sought to develop a novel class of chip-based sensors that would enable rapid analysis of tissue levels of preimplantation mRNA markers that correlate with the development of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in recipients after transplant. Using fractal circuit sensors (FraCS), three-dimensional metal structures with large surface areas, we were able to rapidly (<20 min) and reproducibly quantify small differences in the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and ATP11B mRNA in donor lung biopsies. A proof-of-concept study using 52 human donor lungs was performed to develop a model that was used to predict, with excellent sensitivity (74%) and specificity (91%), the incidence of PGD for a donor lung. Thus, the FraCS-based approach delivers a key predictive value test that could be applied to enhance transplant patient outcomes. This work provides an important step toward bringing rapid diagnostic mRNA profiling to clinical application in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Sage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Justin D. Besant
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Laili Mahmoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Hsin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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19
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Safaei TS, Mohamadi RM, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. In Situ Electrochemical ELISA for Specific Identification of Captured Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14165-9. [PMID: 25938818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells disseminated from a tumor into the bloodstream. Their presence in patient blood samples has been associated with metastatic disease. Here, we report a simple system that enables the isolation and detection of these rare cancer cells. By developing a sensitive electrochemical ELISA method integrated within a microfluidic cell capture system, were we able to reliably detect very low levels of cancer cells in whole blood. Our results indicate that the new system provides the clinically relevant specificity and sensitivity needed for a convenient, point-of-need assay for cancer cell counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Saberi Safaei
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Reza M Mohamadi
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- §Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- ⊥Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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20
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Mohamadi RM, Ivanov I, Stojcic J, Nam RK, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Sample-to-Answer Isolation and mRNA Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6258-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza M. Mohamadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Jessica Stojcic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Robert K. Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan
Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Division of Urology,
Sunnybrook Research Institute, §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, ∥Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
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21
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Rackus DG, Shamsi MH, Wheeler AR. Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics: a convergence of fields. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5320-40. [PMID: 25962356 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics are popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers. Here, we introduce the basic concepts and recent histories of electrochemistry, biosensors, and microfluidics, and describe how they are combining to form new application-areas, including so-called "point-of-care" systems in which measurements traditionally performed in a laboratory are moved into the field. We propose that this review can serve both as a useful starting-point for researchers who are new to these topics, as well as being a compendium of the current state-of-the art for experts in these evolving areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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22
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Cancino-Bernardi J, Marangoni VS, Faria HAM, Zucolotto V. Detection of Leukemic Cells by using Jacalin as the Biorecognition Layer: A New Strategy for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Bedford EE, Boujday S, Pradier CM, Gu FX. Nanostructured and spiky gold in biomolecule detection: improving binding efficiencies and enhancing optical signals. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured gold can improve the ability to detect biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. E. Bedford
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC University Paris 6
- UMR CNRS 7197
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- F75005 Paris
| | - S. Boujday
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC University Paris 6
- UMR CNRS 7197
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- F75005 Paris
| | - C.-M. Pradier
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC University Paris 6
- UMR CNRS 7197
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- F75005 Paris
| | - F. X. Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
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24
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Sheng Q, Cheng N, Bai W, Zheng J. Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of breast cancer cells based on DNA-rolling-circle-amplification-directed enzyme-catalyzed polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:2114-7. [PMID: 25536491 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive cytosensor based on DNA-rolling-circle-amplification-directed enzyme-catalyzed polymerization is demonstrated. As a proof of concept, the cytosensor shows excellent sensitivity for MCF-7 cell detection with a lower detection limit of 12 cells per mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Sheng
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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25
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Zhou YG, Wan Y, Sage AT, Poudineh M, Kelley SO. Effect of microelectrode structure on electrocatalysis at nucleic acid-modified sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14322-14328. [PMID: 25377873 DOI: 10.1021/la502990s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical detection of nucleic acids using an electrocatalytic reporter system and nanostructured microelectrodes is a powerful approach to ultrasensitive biosensing. In this report we systematically study for the first time the behavior of an electrocatalytic reporter system at nucleic acid-modified electrodes with varying structures and sizes. [Ru(NH3)6](3+) is used as a primary electron acceptor that is electrostatically attracted to nucleic acid-modified electrodes, and [Fe(CN)6](3-) is introduced into the redox system as a secondary electron acceptor to regenerate Ru(3+) after electrochemical reduction. We found that the electrode structure has strong impact on mass transport and electron-transfer kinetics, with structures of specific dimensions yielding much higher electrochemical signals and catalytic efficiencies. The electrocatalytic signals obtained when gold sensors were electrodeposited in both circular and linear apertures were studied, and the smallest structures plated in linear apertures were found to exhibit the best performance with high current densities and turnover rates. This study provides important information for optimal assay performance and insights for the future design and fabrication of high performance biomolecular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ge Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
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26
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Kelley SO, Mirkin CA, Walt DR, Ismagilov RF, Toner M, Sargent EH. Advancing the speed, sensitivity and accuracy of biomolecular detection using multi-length-scale engineering. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:969-80. [PMID: 25466541 PMCID: PMC4472305 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in identifying disease biomarkers has increased the importance of creating high-performance detection technologies. Over the last decade, the design of many detection platforms has focused on either the nano or micro length scale. Here, we review recent strategies that combine nano- and microscale materials and devices to produce large improvements in detection sensitivity, speed and accuracy, allowing previously undetectable biomarkers to be identified in clinical samples. Microsensors that incorporate nanoscale features can now rapidly detect disease-related nucleic acids expressed in patient samples. New microdevices that separate large clinical samples into nanocompartments allow precise quantitation of analytes, and microfluidic systems that utilize nanoscale binding events can detect rare cancer cells in the bloodstream more accurately than before. These advances will lead to faster and more reliable clinical diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to S.O.K.,
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Rustem F. Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
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27
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Sage AT, Besant JD, Lam B, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Ultrasensitive electrochemical biomolecular detection using nanostructured microelectrodes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2417-25. [PMID: 24961296 DOI: 10.1021/ar500130m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have the potential to achieve sensitive, specific, and low-cost detection of biomolecules--a capability that is ever more relevant to the diagnosis and monitored treatment of disease. The development of devices for clinical diagnostics based on electrochemical detection could provide a powerful solution for the routine use of biomarkers in patient treatment and monitoring and may overcome the many issues created by current methods, including the long sample-to-answer times, high cost, and limited prospects for lab-free use of traditional polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and gene-sequencing technologies. In this Account, we summarize the advances in electrochemical biomolecular detection, focusing on a new and integrated platform that exploits the bottom-up fabrication of multiplexed electrochemical sensors composed of electrodeposited noble metals. We trace the evolution of these sensors from gold nanoelectrode ensembles to nanostructured microelectrodes (NMEs) and discuss the effects of surface morphology and size on assay performance. The development of a novel electrocatalytic assay based on Ru(3+) adsorption and Fe(3+) amplification at the electrode surface as a means to enable ultrasensitive analyte detection is discussed. Electrochemical measurements of changes in hybridization events at the electrode surface are performed using a simple potentiostat, which enables integration into a portable, cost-effective device. We summarize the strategies for proximal sample processing and detection in addition to those that enable high degrees of sensor multiplexing capable of measuring 100 different analytes on a single chip. By evaluating the cost and performance of various sensor substrates, we explore the development of practical lab-on-a-chip prototype devices. By functionalizing the NMEs with capture probes specific to nucleic acid, small molecule, and protein targets, we can successfully detect a wide variety of analytes at clinically relevant concentrations and speeds. Using this platform, we have achieved attomolar detection levels of nucleic acids with overall assay times as short as 2 min. We also describe the adaptation of the sensing platform to allow for the measurement of uncharged analytes--a challenge for reporter systems that rely on the charge of an analyte. Furthermore, the capabilities of this system have been applied to address the many current and important clinical challenges involving the detection of pathogenic species, including both bacterial and viral infections and cancer biomarkers. This novel electrochemical platform, which achieves large molecular-to-electrical amplification by means of its unique redox-cycling readout strategy combined with rapid and efficient analyte capture that is aided by nanostructured microelectrodes, achieves excellent specificity and sensitivity in clinical samples in which analytes are present at low concentrations in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Sage
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Justin D. Besant
- Institute
for Biomedical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Brian Lam
- Institute
for Biomedical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
- Institute
for Biomedical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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28
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Zhou G, Lin M, Song P, Chen X, Chao J, Wang L, Huang Q, Huang W, Fan C, Zuo X. Multivalent capture and detection of cancer cells with DNA nanostructured biosensors and multibranched hybridization chain reaction amplification. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7843-8. [PMID: 24989246 DOI: 10.1021/ac502276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of cancer cells plays a critically important role in the early detection of cancer and cancer metastasis. However, because circulating tumor cells are extremely rare in peripheral blood, the detection of cancer cells with high analytical sensitivity and specificity remains challenging. Here, we have demonstrated a simple, sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells with the detection sensitivity of four cancer cells, which is lower than the cutoff value with respect to correlation with survival outcomes as well as predictive of metastatic disease in clinical diagnostics. We re-engineered the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to multibranched HCR (mHCR) that can produce long products with multiple biotins for signal amplification and multiple branched arms for multivalent binding. The capturing gold surface is modified with DNA tetrahedral probes, which provide superior hybridization conditions for the multivalent binding. The synergetic effect of mHCR amplification and multivalent binding lead to the high sensitivity of our detection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Zhou
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China 201800
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29
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Poudineh M, Mohamadi RM, Sage A, Mahmoudian L, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Three-dimensional, sharp-tipped electrodes concentrate applied fields to enable direct electrical release of intact biomarkers from cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1785-90. [PMID: 24695906 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids released from human cells, bacteria, and viruses offer a wealth of information pertinent to diagnosis and treatment ranging from cancer to infectious disease. The release of these molecules from within cells is a crucial step in biomarker analysis. Here we show that purely electric-field-driven lysis can be achieved, inline, within a microfluidic channel; that it can produce highly efficient lysis and biomarker release; and, further, that it can do so with minimal degradation of the released biomarkers. Central to this new technology is the use of three-dimensional sharp-tipped electrodes (3DSTEs) in lysis, which we prove using experiment and finite-element modeling produce the electric field concentration necessary for efficient cell wall rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
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30
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Yoon HJ, Kozminsky M, Nagrath S. Emerging role of nanomaterials in circulating tumor cell isolation and analysis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1995-2017. [PMID: 24601556 PMCID: PMC4004319 DOI: 10.1021/nn5004277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are low frequency cells found in the bloodstream after having been shed from a primary tumor. These cells are research targets because of the information they may potentially provide about both an individual cancer as well as the mechanisms through which cancer spreads in the process of metastasis. Established technologies exist for CTC isolation, but the recent progress and future of this field lie in nanomaterials. In this review, we provide perspective into historical CTC capture as well as current research being conducted, emphasizing the significance of the materials being used to fabricate these devices. The modern investigation into CTCs initially featured techniques that have since been commercialized. A major innovation in the field was the development of a microfluidic capture device, first fabricated in silicon and followed up with glass and thermopolymer devices. We then specifically highlight the technologies incorporating magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanopillars, nanofibers, and nanoroughened surfaces, graphene oxide and their fabrication methods. The nanoscale provides a new set of tools that has the potential to overcome current limitations associated with CTC capture and analysis. We believe the current trajectory of the field is in the direction of nanomaterials, allowing the improvements necessary to further CTC research.
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31
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Moldoveanu I, Surdu-Bob CC, Stanciu-Gavan C. Engineered nanoporous gold microspheres for stochastic sensing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08987a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoporous gold microsphere-based stochastic sensors detect carcynoembrionic antigen at a concentration as low as 16 ng mL−1 in whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest
- National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science
- Politehnica University of Bucharest
| | - Iuliana Moldoveanu
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest
- National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science
- Politehnica University of Bucharest
| | - Carmen Cristina Surdu-Bob
- Low Temperature Plasma Laboratory
- National Institute for Lasers
- Plasma and Radiation Physics (NILPRP)
- Magurele, Romania
| | - Camelia Stanciu-Gavan
- Department of Surgery 4
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”
- Bucharest, Romania
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32
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Friedlander TW, Premasekharan G, Paris PL. Looking back, to the future of circulating tumor cells. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:271-80. [PMID: 24362084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with metastatic malignancies have become active areas of research in recent years. CTC enumeration has already proven useful in establishing prognosis for patients with metastatic breast, colon, and prostate cancer. More recently, studies are going beyond enumeration, exploring the CTCs as a means to better understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis and the value of CTC characterization for prognosis and tailoring of treatment. Analysis of CTC subpopulations, for example, is highlighting the importance of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process which may be crucial for allowing tumors to invade into and grow at sites distant from the original tumor site. Similarly, the detection of CTCs expressing markers of stemness may also have important implications for treatment resistance. Genomic analysis of CTC and CTC subpopulations may allow for selection of novel therapeutic targets to combat treatment resistance. CTCs become a particularly valuable biospecimen resource when tissue biopsies are unavailable or not feasible and liquid biopsies allow for serial monitoring. Lastly, cultures of patient-derived CTCs may allow for an evaluation of therapeutic strategies performed ex vivo and in real time. This review article will focus on these developments, starting with the CTC pathogenesis, going on to discuss the different platforms available for CTC isolation and their use to date in these arenas, then will explore multiple topics including the existing data concerning CTC subpopulations and their clinical relevance, genomic characterization, and lastly, avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence W Friedlander
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
| | - Gayatri Premasekharan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Pamela L Paris
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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33
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Kindt JT, Luchansky MS, Qavi AJ, Lee SH, Bailey RC. Subpicogram per milliliter detection of interleukins using silicon photonic microring resonators and an enzymatic signal enhancement strategy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10653-7. [PMID: 24171505 DOI: 10.1021/ac402972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detection of biomolecules at ultralow (low to subpicogram per milliliter) concentrations and within complex, clinically relevant matrices is a formidable challenge that is complicated by limitations imposed by the Langmuir binding isotherm and mass transport, for surface-based affinity biosensors. Here we report the integration of an enzymatic signal enhancement scheme onto a multiplexable silicon photonic microring resonator detection platform. To demonstrate the analytical value of this combination, we simultaneously quantitated levels of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in undiluted cerebrospinal fluid in an assay format that is multiplexable, relatively rapid (90 min), and features a 3 order of magnitude dynamic range and a limit of detection ≤1 pg/mL. The modular nature of this assay and technology should lend itself broadly amenable to different analyte classes, making it a versatile tool for biomarker analysis in clinically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Kindt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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34
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Das J, Kelley SO. Tuning the Bacterial Detection Sensitivity of Nanostructured Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7333-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagotamoy Das
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and ‡Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and ‡Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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35
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Arya SK, Lim B, Rahman ARA. Enrichment, detection and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1995-2027. [PMID: 23625167 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are shed from primary or secondary tumors into blood circulation. Accessing and analyzing these cells provides a non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy. CTCs are estimated to be as few as 1 cell among a few million WBCs and few billion RBCs in 1 ml of patient blood and are rarely found in healthy individuals. CTCs are FDA approved for prognosis of the major cancers, namely, Breast, Colon and Prostate. Currently, more than 400 clinical trials are ongoing to establish their clinical significance beyond prognosis, such as, therapy selection and companion diagnostics. Understanding the clinical relevance of CTCs typically involves isolation, detection and molecular characterization of cells, ideally at single cell level. The need for highly reliable, standardized and robust methodologies for isolating and analyzing CTCs has been widely expressed by clinical thought leaders. In the last decade, numerous academic and commercial technology platforms for isolation and analysis of CTCs have been reported. A recent market report highlighted the presence of more than 100 companies offering products and services related to CTCs. This review aims to capture the state of the art and examines the technical merits and limitations of contemporary technologies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Arya
- Bioelectronics Programme, Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 11 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117685.
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Zhang B, Liu B, Zhou J, Tang J, Tang D. Additional molecular biological amplification strategy for enhanced sensitivity of monitoring low-abundance protein with dual nanotags. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4479-4485. [PMID: 23593961 DOI: 10.1021/am401027w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new signal-on immunoassay protocol for sensitive electronic detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was developed by coupling with metal sulfide nanolabels and a silver nanocluster (AgNC)-based rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy. Initially, a sandwiched immunocomplex was formed on a primary antibody-coated microplate using a PbS nanoparticle-labeled polyclonal anti-AFP antibody (PbS-pAb2) as the detection antibody, and then the carried PbS-pAb2 was dissolved by acid to release a large number of lead ions, which could induce the cleavage of lead-specific DNAzyme immobilized on the electrode. The residual single-stranded DNA on the electrode could be used as the primer to produce numerous repeated oligonucleotide sequences via the RCA reaction for the hybridization with many AgNC-labeled detection probes, resulting in the amplification of the electronic signal due to the unique properties of silver nanoclusters. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity for the detection of AFP with a dynamic range of 0.001-200 ng mL(-1) and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.8 pg mL(-1). Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were below 8.0% and 10%, respectively. Importantly, the methodology was evaluated by analyzing 12 clinical serum specimens, and no significant differences were encountered in comparison with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Province & Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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37
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Moscovici M, Bhimji A, Kelley SO. Rapid and specific electrochemical detection of prostate cancer cells using an aperture sensor array. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:940-946. [PMID: 23334685 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and specific cancer cell counting sensor would allow for early detection and better disease management. We have developed a novel cell counting device that can specifically count 125 prostate cancer cells in both complex media with serum and a mixed cell population containing non-target cells within 15 min. The microfabricated glass chip with exposed gold apertures utilizes the anti-EpCAM antibody to selectively count prostate cancer cells via differential pulse voltammetry. The newly developed sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The cells remain viable throughout the counting process and can be used for further analysis. This device could have utility for future applications in early stage cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moscovici
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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