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Inpota P, Phonchai A, Wilairat P, Chantiwas R. Rapid measurement of indole levels in Brassica vegetables using one millilitre binary organic extraction solvent and capillary electrophoresis-UV analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:522-530. [PMID: 31914485 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brassica vegetables contain high levels of indole compounds which have been found to provide health benefits, especially as cancer-preventive agents. An efficient and rapid method using solvent extraction with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for the determination of four major indoles from four types of Brassica vegetables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freeze-dried samples of four Brassica vegetables, i.e. broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, were selected. Hence, 1 mL of the binary solvent dimethylformamide (DMF)-methanol, 4:1 (v/v), was used for sample extraction. The extracts were diluted with the running buffer and directly analysed using CE with UV detection of four indole compounds. RESULTS The binary solvent DMF-methanol, 4:1 (v/v) was selected from studies of the extraction efficiency of standard indoles spiked in ivy gourd (as the negative control sample) and using diphenylamine as the internal standard. Recovery was 80(±10)-120(±3)% for the four indoles: indole-3-carbinol (I3C), indole-3-acetonitrile (I3A), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM). For direct analysis suitable dilution of the extract with the running buffer was required. The linear range of the quantitation is 0.75-25.0 μg/mL, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14-0.52 μg/mL and r2 > 0.998. The amount of indole in the Brassica vegetables are in the order I3C > > IAA, I3A > DIM. CONCLUSION A rapid method for extraction and quantitation of four indoles in four Brassica vegetables using CE with UV detection was developed. It has the potential as an efficient technique for generating data for use in agricultural and nutritional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawpan Inpota
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apichai Phonchai
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rattikan Chantiwas
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Measurement of natural variation of neurotransmitter tissue content in red harvester ant brains among different colonies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6167-6175. [PMID: 31912181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Colonies of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, regulate foraging activity based on food availability and local conditions. Colony variation in foraging behavior is thought to be linked to biogenic amine signaling and metabolism. Measurements of differences in neurotransmitters have not been made among ant colonies in a natural environment. Here, for the first time, we quantified tissue content of 4 biogenic amines (dopamine, serotonin, octopamine, and tyramine) in single forager brains from 9 red harvester ant colonies collected in the field. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (CE-FSCV) was used to separate and detect the amines in individual ant brains. Low levels of biogenic amines were detected using field-amplified sample stacking by preparing a single brain tissue sample in acetonitrile and perchloric acid. The method provides low detection limits: 1 nM for dopamine, 2 nM for serotonin, 5 nM for octopamine, and 4 nM for tyramine. Overall, the content of dopamine (47 ± 9 pg/brain) was highest, followed by octopamine (36 ± 10 pg/brain), serotonin (20 ± 4 pg/brain), and tyramine (14 ± 3 pg/brain). Relative standard deviations were high, but there was less variation within a colony than among colonies, so the neurotransmitter content of each colony might change with environmental conditions. This study demonstrates that CE-FSCV is a useful method for investigating natural variation in neurotransmitter content in single ant brains and could be useful for future studies correlating tissue content with colony behavior such as foraging. Graphical abstract.
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Neuroprotective action of Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on Paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shin M, Copeland JM, Venton BJ. Drosophila as a Model System for Neurotransmitter Measurements. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1872-1883. [PMID: 29411967 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, is an important, simple model organism for studying the effects of genetic mutations on neuronal activity and behavior. Biologists use Drosophila for neuroscience studies because of its genetic tractability, complex behaviors, well-known and simple neuroanatomy, and many orthologues to human genes. Neurochemical measurements in Drosophila are challenging due to the small size of the central nervous system. Recently, methods have been developed to measure real-time neurotransmitter release and clearance in both larvae and adults using electrochemistry. These studies have characterized dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine release in both wild type and genetic mutant flies. Tissue content measurements are also important, and separations are predominantly used. Capillary electrophoresis, with either electrochemical, laser-induced fluorescence, or mass spectrometry detection, facilitates tissue content measurements from single, isolated Drosophila brains or small samples of hemolymph. Neurochemical studies in Drosophila have revealed that flies have functioning transporters and autoreceptors, that their metabolism is different than in mammals, and that flies have regional, life stage, and sex differences in neurotransmission. Future studies will develop smaller electrodes, expand optical imaging techniques, explore physiological stimulations, and use advanced genetics to target single neuron release or study neurochemical changes in models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Copeland
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22802, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of medical plant samples. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The method of samples processing and subsequent their analysis using Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for medical plant samples and drugs has been developed. Technical aspects of the measurement such as mutual geometrical arrangement of tablets (of various size and mass), semiconductor Si/Li detector and the primary source of radiation, 238Pu, are discussed. Technique of Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (RXFS) has been applied on samples of medical products and medicines used to treat liver diseases. Medicinal herbs, teas in infusion bags and the drug from this group, were analysed in the solid state (in the form of tablets) or as the leachate, applied to the ion exchanger resin. Chelating Extraction Disks EmporeTM have proven the ability to extract elements from liquid samples under certain conditions and thus to prepare samples for RXFS analysis and evaluation. To ensure correct results, an optimal pH environment has been found. The detection limits of selected elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) have been calculated for both solid and liquid state samples. Standard addition method and calibration curve parameters have been used to evaluate the concentration of each element in studied samples. Determined concentrations of the examined elements were compared with permissible contaminant limits for the relevant food law in Slovak Republic.
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Cabay MR, Harris JC, Shippy SA. Impact of Sampling and Cellular Separation on Amino Acid Determinations in Drosophila Hemolymph. Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29521085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruit fly is a frequently used model system with a high degree of human disease-related genetic homology. The quantitative chemical analysis of fruit fly tissues and hemolymph uniquely brings chemical signaling and compositional information to fly experimentation. The work here explores the impact of measured chemical content of hemolymph with three aspects of sample collection and preparation. Cellular content of hemolymph was quantitated and removed to determine hemolymph composition changes for seven primary amine analytes. Hemolymph sampling methods were adapted to determine differences in primary amine composition of hemolymph collected from the head, antenna, and abdomen. Also, three types of anesthesia were employed with hemolymph collection to quantitate effects on measured amino acid content. Cell content was found to be 45.4 ± 22.1 cells/nL of hemolymph collected from both adult and larvae flies. Cell-concentrated fractions of adult, but not larvae, hemolymph were found to have higher and more variable amine content. There were amino acid content differences found between all three areas indicating a robust method to characterize chemical markers from specific regions of a fly, and these appear related to physiological activity. Methods of anesthesia have an impact on hemolymph amino acid composition related to overall physiological impact to fly including higher amino acid content variability and oxygen deprivation effects. Together, these analyses identify potential complications with Drosophila hemolymph analysis and opportunities for future studies to relate hemolymph content with model physiological activity.
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Ganesana M, Lee ST, Wang Y, Venton BJ. Analytical Techniques in Neuroscience: Recent Advances in Imaging, Separation, and Electrochemical Methods. Anal Chem 2017; 89:314-341. [PMID: 28105819 PMCID: PMC5260807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, PO Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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Denoroy L, Parrot S. Analysis of Amino Acids and Related Compounds by Capillary Electrophoresis. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2016.1212378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wei Q, Gao Y, Guo L, Al-Ghanim KA, Mahboob S, Zhang X. An Easily Fabricated Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Graphene-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Octopamine and Tyramine. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16040535. [PMID: 27089341 PMCID: PMC4851049 DOI: 10.3390/s16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple electrochemical sensor has been developed for highly sensitive detection of octopamine and tyramine by electrodepositing reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) nanosheets onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrocatalytic oxidation of octopamine and tyramine is individually investigated at the surface of the ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (ERGO/GCE) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Several essential factors including the deposition cycle of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and the pH of the running buffer were investigated in order to determine the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the sensor was applied to the quantification of octopamine and tyramine by DPV in the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 40 μM and 0.1 to 25 μM, respectively. In addition, the limits of detection of octopamine and tyramine were calculated to be 0.1 μM and 0.03 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensor showed good reproducibility, selectivity and stability. Finally, the sensor successfully detected octopamine and tyramine in commercially available beer with satisfactory recovery ranges which were 98.5%–104.7% and 102.2%–103.1%, respectively. These results indicate the ERGO/GCE based sensor is suitable for the detection of octopamine and tyramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qianhui Wei
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongjie Gao
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, P. O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, P. O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Fsisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wang WF, Ju FR, Ran YL, Zhang HG, Chen XG. Detection of biogenic amines in C57BL/6 mice brain by capillary electrophoresis electrokinetic supercharging. Analyst 2016; 141:956-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile, sensitive EKS/MEKD-PDAD method was developed for the detection of neurotransmitters in C57BL/6 mice brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Fu-rong Ju
- School of Life Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yan-li Ran
- School of Life Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hui-ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xing-guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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12
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Majdi S, Ren L, Fathali H, Li X, Ewing AG. Selected recent in vivo studies on chemical measurements in invertebrates. Analyst 2015; 140:3676-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Review ofin vivoanalysis of brain chemicals in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - L. Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - H. Fathali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - X. Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - A. G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
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Romanova EV, Aerts JT, Croushore CA, Sweedler JV. Small-volume analysis of cell-cell signaling molecules in the brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:50-64. [PMID: 23748227 PMCID: PMC3857641 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern science is characterized by integration and synergy between research fields. Accordingly, as technological advances allow new and more ambitious quests in scientific inquiry, numerous analytical and engineering techniques have become useful tools in biological research. The focus of this review is on cutting edge technologies that aid direct measurement of bioactive compounds in the nervous system to facilitate fundamental research, diagnostics, and drug discovery. We discuss challenges associated with measurement of cell-to-cell signaling molecules in the nervous system, and advocate for a decrease of sample volumes to the nanoliter volume regimen for improved analysis outcomes. We highlight effective approaches for the collection, separation, and detection of such small-volume samples, present strategies for targeted and discovery-oriented research, and describe the required technology advances that will empower future translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Romanova
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jordan T Aerts
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Callie A Croushore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Hu JB, Chen SY, Wu JT, Chen YC, Urban PL. Automated system for extraction and instantaneous analysis of millimeter-sized samples. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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