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Zhou CT, Yao ZZ, Chen DL, Luo K, Wu J, Yi HL. Numerical prediction of transient electrohydrodynamic instabilities under an alternating current electric field and unipolar injection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12812. [PMID: 36699279 PMCID: PMC9868483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of dielectric fluid flow subjected to unipolar injection under an alternating current (AC) electric field is carried out. The effect of frequency f of pulsed direct current (PDC) and AC on the transient evolution of electroconvection and their subcritical bifurcations are investigated in details. Electroconvection under PDC or AC tends to exhibit oscillating flow due to the periodic boundary condition of charge density and potential compared to the direct current (DC) case. The results demonstrate that under the PDC field, the linear criterion T c decreases with increasing frequency, while the nonlinear stability criterion T f is hardly affected. Under the AC field, a critical frequency f c = 0.0316 is found, which separates electroconvection into two typical flow regimes-periodic flow regime (f < f c ) and inhibited flow regime (f ≥ f c )-depending on whether free charges can reach the collector electrode before electric field inversion. AC-electrohydrodynamics (EHD) systems promote various flow patterns with relatively lower voltage regimes than DC-EHD systems. These mechanisms of electroconvection under the PDC/AC field offer unique possibilities for fluid flow control in biological EHD-driven flow and portable EHD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Tong Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ze Yao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Lin Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Luo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Yi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Silva RKS, Rauf S, Dong M, Chen L, Bagci H, Salama KN. 3D Concentric Electrodes-Based Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamics: Design, Simulation, Fabrication, and Potential Applications for Bioassays. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:215. [PMID: 35448276 PMCID: PMC9028247 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional concentric asymmetric microelectrodes play a crucial role in developing sensitive and specific biological assays using fluid micromixing generated by alternating current electrohydrodynamics (ac-EHD). This paper reports the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of fluid motion generated by 3D concentric microelectrodes for the first time. Electric field simulations are used to compare electric field distribution at the electrodes and to analyze its effects on microfluidic micromixing in 2D and 3D electrodes. Three-dimensional devices show higher electric field peak values, resulting in better fluid micromixing than 2D devices. As a proof of concept, we design a simple biological assay comprising specific attachment of streptavidin beads onto the biotin-modified electrodes (2D and 3D), which shows ~40% higher efficiency of capturing specific beads in the case of 3D ac-EHD device compared to the 2D device. Our results show a significant contribution toward developing 3D ac-EHD devices that can be used to create more efficient biological assays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela K. S. Silva
- Sensors Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.S.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sakandar Rauf
- Sensors Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.S.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Ming Dong
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.); (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Liang Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.); (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Hakan Bagci
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.); (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Sensors Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.S.S.); (S.R.)
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A plug, print & play inkjet printing and impedance-based biosensing technology operating through a smartphone for clinical diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113737. [PMID: 34740116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Simplicity is one of the key feature for the spread of any successful technological product. Here, a method for rapid and low-cost fabrication of electrochemical biosensors is presented. This "plug, print & play" method involves inkjet-printing even in an office-like environment, without the need of highly specialized expertise or equipment, guaranteeing an ultra-fast idea to (scaled) prototype production time. The printed biosensors can be connected to a smartphone through its audio input for their impedance readout, demonstrating the validity of the system for point-of-care biosensing. Proper electrodes layout guarantees high sensitivity and is validated by finite element simulations. The introduction of a passivation method (wax printing) allowed to complete the devices fabrication process, increasing their sensitivity. Indeed, the wax allowed reducing the interference related to the parasitic currents flowing through the permeable coating of the employed substrates, which was used for the chemical sintering, thus avoiding the common thermal treatment after printing. As a case study, we used the devices to develop an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for the rapid detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine - a clinically important marker of acute kidney injury. The aptasensor platform is capable of detecting clinically relevant concentrations of NGAL with a simple and rapid smartphone readout. The developed technology may be extended in the future to continuous monitoring, taking advantage of its flexibility to integrate it in tubes, or to other diagnostic applications where cost/efficiency and rapidity of the research, development and implementation of point of care devices is a must.
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Towards translation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to clinical practice: Progress and trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Khondakar KR, Dey S, Wuethrich A, Sina AAI, Trau M. Toward Personalized Cancer Treatment: From Diagnostics to Therapy Monitoring in Miniaturized Electrohydrodynamic Systems. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2113-2123. [PMID: 31293158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, cancer was seen and treated as a single disease. Over the years, this image has shifted, and it is now generally accepted that cancer is a complex and dynamic disease that engages multiple progression pathways in each patient. The shift from treating cancer as single disease to tailoring the therapy based on the individual's characteristic cancer profile promises to improve the clinical outcome and has also given rise to the field of personalized cancer treatment. To advise a suitable therapy plan and adjust personalized treatment, a reliable and fast diagnostic strategy is required. The advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems that show high potential for use in personalized cancer treatment. These devices require only minute sample volumes and have the capability to create instant cancer snapshots that could be used as tool for cancer risk indication, early detection, tumor classification, and recurrence. Miniaturized systems can combine a whole sample-to-answer workflow including sample handling, preparation, analysis, and detection. As such, this concept is also often referred to as "lab-on-a-chip". An inherit challenge of monitoring personalized cancer treatment using miniaturized systems is that cancer biomarkers are often only detectable at trace concentrations present in a complex biological sample rich in interfering molecules, necessitating highly specific and sensitive biosensing strategies. To address the need for trace level detection, highly sensitive fluorescence, absorbance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical, mass spectrometric, and chemiluminescence approaches were developed. To reduce sample matrix interferences, ingenious device modifications including coatings and nanoscopic fluid flow manipulation have been developed. Of the latter, our group has exploited the use of alternating current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) fluid flows as an efficient strategy to reduce nonspecific nontarget biosensor binding and speed-up assay times. ac-EHD provides fluid motion induced by an electric field with the ability to generate surface shear forces in nanometer distance to the biosensing surface (known as nanoshearing phenomenon). This is ideally suited to increase the collision frequency of cancer biomarkers with the biosensing surface and shear off nontarget molecules thereby minimizing nonspecific binding. In this Account, we review recent advancements in miniaturized diagnostic system development with potential use in personalized cancer treatment and monitoring. We focus on integrated microfluidic structures for controlled sample flow manipulation followed by on-device biomarker interrogation. We further highlight the progress in our group, emphasis fundamentals and applications of ac-EHD-enhanced miniaturized systems, and outline promising detection concepts for comprehensive cancer biomarker profiling. The advances are discussed based on the type of cancer biomarkers and cover circulating tumor cells, proteins, extracellular vesicles, and nucleic acids. The potential of miniaturized diagnostic systems for personalized cancer treatment and monitoring is underlined with representative examples including device illustrations. In the final section, we critically discuss the future of personalized diagnostics and what challenges should be addressed to make these devices clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Reza Khondakar
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Lichtenberg JY, Ling Y, Kim S. Non-Specific Adsorption Reduction Methods in Biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2488. [PMID: 31159167 PMCID: PMC6603772 DOI: 10.3390/s19112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific adsorption (NSA) is a persistent problem that negatively affects biosensors, decreasing sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Passive and active removal methods exist to remedy this issue, by coating the surface or generating surface forces to shear away weakly adhered biomolecules, respectively. However, many surface coatings are not compatible or effective for sensing, and thus active removal methods have been developed to combat this phenomenon. This review aims to provide an overview of methods of NSA reduction in biosensing, focusing on the shift from passive methods to active methods in the past decade. Attention is focused on protein NSA, due to their common use in biosensing for biomarker diagnostics. To our knowledge, this is the first review to comprehensively discuss active NSA removal methods. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives of NSA reduction in biosensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessanne Y Lichtenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Yue Ling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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Application of SERS-Based Microfluidics for In Vitro Diagnostics. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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8
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Alam MK, Koomson E, Zou H, Yi C, Li CW, Xu T, Yang M. Recent advances in microfluidic technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells (2007–2017). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:29-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Tang W, Jiang D, Li Z, Zhu L, Shi J, Yang J, Xiang N. Recent advances in microfluidic cell sorting techniques based on both physical and biochemical principles. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:930-954. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; P. R. China
| | - Zongan Li
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Yang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; P. R. China
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Kamil Reza K, Wang J, Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Wang Y, Trau M. Electrohydrodynamic-Induced SERS Immunoassay for Extensive Multiplexed Biomarker Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602902. [PMID: 28004880 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring require sensitive and simultaneous measurement of multiple cancer biomarkers considering that single biomarker analysis present inadequate information on the underlying biological transformations. Thus, development of sensitive and selective assays for multiple biomarker detection might improve clinical diagnosis and expedite the treatment process. Herein, a microfluidic platform for the rapid, sensitive, and parallel detection of multiple cancer-specific protein biomarkers from complex biological samples is presented. This approach utilizes alternating current electrohydrodynamic-induced surface shear forces that provide exquisite control over fluid flow thereby enhancing target-sensor interactions and minimizing non-specific binding. Further, the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based spectral encoding with individual barcodes for different targets enables specific and simultaneous detection of captured protein biomarkers. Using this approach, the specific and sensitive detection of clinically relevant biomarkers including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1); epidermal growth factor receptor; and Mucin 16, cell surface associated (MUC16) at concentrations as low as 10 fg mL-1 in patient serum is demonstrated. Successful target detection from patient samples further demonstrates the potential of this current approach for the clinical diagnosis, which envisages a clinical translation for a rapid and sensitive appraisal of clinical samples in cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondakar Kamil Reza
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Dey S, Vaidyanathan R, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Electric Field Induced Isolation, Release, and Recapture of Tumor Cells. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75) and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75) and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75) and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75) and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75) and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Tsao SCH, Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Carrascosa LG, Christophi C, Cebon J, Shiddiky MJA, Behren A, Trau M. Capture and On-chip analysis of Melanoma Cells Using Tunable Surface Shear forces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19709. [PMID: 26815318 PMCID: PMC4728558 DOI: 10.1038/srep19709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With new systemic therapies becoming available for metastatic melanoma such as BRAF and PD-1 inhibitors, there is an increasing demand for methods to assist with treatment selection and response monitoring. Quantification and characterisation of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) has been regarded as an excellent non-invasive candidate but a sensitive and efficient tool to do these is lacking. Herein we demonstrate a microfluidic approach for melanoma cell capture and subsequent on-chip evaluation of BRAF mutation status. Our approach utilizes a recently discovered alternating current electrohydrodynamic (AC-EHD)-induced surface shear forces, referred to as nanoshearing. A key feature of nanoshearing is the ability to agitate fluid to encourage contact with surface-bound antibody for the cell capture whilst removing nonspecific cells from the surface. By adjusting the AC-EHD force to match the binding affinity of antibodies against the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP), a commonly expressed melanoma antigen, this platform achieved an average recovery of 84.7% from biological samples. Subsequent staining with anti-BRAF(V600E) specific antibody enabled on-chip evaluation of BRAF(V600E) mutation status in melanoma cells. We believe that the ability of nanoshearing-based capture to enumerate melanoma cells and subsequent on-chip characterisation has the potential as a rapid screening tool while making treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Department of Surgery – Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery – Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research – Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Alternating current electrohydrodynamics in microsystems: Pushing biomolecules and cells around on surfaces. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:061501. [PMID: 26674299 PMCID: PMC4676781 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) deals with the fluid motion induced by an electric field. This phenomenon originally developed in physical science, and engineering is currently experiencing a renaissance in microfluidics. Investigations by Taylor on Gilbert's theory proposed in 1600 have evolved to include multiple contributions including the promising effects arising from electric field interactions with cells and particles to influence their behaviour on electrode surfaces. Theoretical modelling of electric fields in microsystems and the ability to determine shear forces have certainly reached an advanced state. The ability to deftly manipulate microscopic fluid flow in bulk fluid and at solid/liquid interfaces has enabled the controlled assembly, coagulation, or removal of microstructures, nanostructures, cells, and molecules on surfaces. Furthermore, the ability of electrohydrodynamics to generate fluid flow using surface shear forces generated within nanometers from the surface and their application in bioassays has led to recent advancements in biomolecule, vesicle and cellular detection across different length scales. With the integration of Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamics (AC-EHD) in cellular and molecular assays proving to be highly fruitful, challenges still remain with respect to understanding the discrepancies between each of the associated ac-induced fluid flow phenomena, extending their utility towards clinical diagnostic development, and utilising them in tandem as a standard tool for disease monitoring. In this regard, this article will review the history of electrohydrodynamics, followed by some of the recent developments in the field including a new dimension of electrohydrodynamics that deals with the utilization of surface shear forces for the manipulation of biological cells or molecules on electrode surfaces. Recent advances and challenges in the use of electrohydrodynamic forces such as dielectrophoresis and ac electrosmosis for the detection of biological analytes are also reviewed. Additionally, the fundamental mechanisms of fluid flow using electrohydrodynamics forces, which are still evolving, are reviewed. Challenges and future directions are discussed from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and potential applications of these nanoscaled shear forces in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalised NanoMedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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Wang Y, Vaidyanathan R, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Enabling Rapid and Specific Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Immunoassay Using Nanoscaled Surface Shear Forces. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6354-6362. [PMID: 25978642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple approach is presented to address two critical issues of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay such as removal/avoiding nonspecific adsorption and reducing assay time. The approach demonstrated involves rationally designed fluorophore-integrated gold/silver nanoshells as SERS nanotags and utilizes alternative current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD)-induced nanoscaled surface shear forces to enhance the capture kinetics. The assay performance was validated in comparison with hydrodynamic flow and conventional immunoassay-based devices. These nanoscaled physical forces acting within nanometer distances from the electrode surface enabled rapid (40 min), sensitive (10 fg/mL), and highly specific detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in breast cancer patient samples. We believe this approach presents potential for the development of rapid and sensitive SERS immunoassays for routine clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Malachovská V, Ribaut C, Voisin V, Surin M, Leclère P, Wattiez R, Caucheteur C. Fiber-Optic SPR Immunosensors Tailored To Target Epithelial Cells through Membrane Receptors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5957-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viera Malachovská
- Research
Institute for Bioscience, Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Faculty
of Engineering, Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons (UMONS), Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Ribaut
- Research
Institute for Bioscience, Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Faculty
of Engineering, Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons (UMONS), Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Valérie Voisin
- Faculty
of Engineering, Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons (UMONS), Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Chemistry
of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Chemistry
of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Research
Institute for Bioscience, Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Faculty
of Engineering, Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons (UMONS), Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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16
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A multiplexed device based on tunable nanoshearing for specific detection of multiple protein biomarkers in serum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9756. [PMID: 25978807 PMCID: PMC4432869 DOI: 10.1038/srep09756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic flow based multiplexed devices have gained significant promise in detecting biomarkers in complex biological samples. However, to fully exploit their use in bioanalysis, issues such as (i) low sensitivity and (ii) high levels of nonspecific adsorption of non-target species have to be overcome. Herein, we describe a new multiplexed device for the sensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers in serum by using an alternating current (ac) electrohydrodynamics (ac-EHD) induced surface shear forces based phenomenon referred to as nanoshearing. The tunable nature (via manipulation of ac field) of these nanoshearing forces can alter the capture performance of the device (e.g., improved fluid transport enhances number of sensor-target collisions). This can also selectively displace weakly (nonspecifically) bound molecules from the electrode surface (i.e., fluid shear forces can be tuned to shear away nonspecific species present in biological samples). Using this approach, we achieved sensitive (100 fg mL−1) naked eye detection of multiple protein targets spiked in human serum and a 1000-fold enhancement in comparison to hydrodynamic flow based devices for biomarker detection. We believe that this approach could potentially represent a clinical diagnostic tool that can be integrated into resource-limited settings for sensitive detection of target biomarkers using naked eye.
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Vaidyanathan R, Naghibosadat M, Rauf S, Korbie D, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Detecting exosomes specifically: a multiplexed device based on alternating current electrohydrodynamic induced nanoshearing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11125-32. [PMID: 25324037 DOI: 10.1021/ac502082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer, but their effective capture and specific detection is a significant challenge. Herein, we report a multiplexed microfluidic device for highly specific capture and detection of multiple exosome targets using a tunable alternating current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) methodology, referred to as nanoshearing. In our system, electrical body forces generated by ac-EHD act within nanometers of an electrode surface (i.e., within the electrical layer) to generate nanoscaled fluid flow that enhances the specificity of capture and also reduce nonspecific adsorption of weakly bound molecules from the electrode surface. This approach demonstrates the analysis of exosomes derived from cells expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and is also capable of specifically isolating exosomes from breast cancer patient samples. The device also exhibited a 3-fold enhancement in detection sensitivity in comparison to hydrodynamic flow based assays (LOD 2760 exosomes/μL for ac-EHD vs LOD 8300 exosomes/μL for hydrodynamic flow; (n = 3)). We propose this approach can potentially have relevance as a simple and rapid quantification tool to analyze exosome targets in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland , Corner College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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