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Torres MA, Gualtero DF, Lafaurie GI, Fontanilla MR. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
induces a proatherosclerotic response in human endothelial cells in a three‐dimensional collagen scaffold model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Torres
- Tissue Engineering Group Department of Pharmacy Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO) School of Odontology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia
| | - Diego F. Gualtero
- Tissue Engineering Group Department of Pharmacy Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO) School of Odontology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia
| | - Gloria I. Lafaurie
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO) School of Odontology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia
| | - Marta R. Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group Department of Pharmacy Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
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Garzón V, Pinacho DG, Bustos RH, Garzón G, Bustamante S. Optical Biosensors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E132. [PMID: 31718050 PMCID: PMC6955905 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a fundamental tool when administering drugs that have a limited dosage or high toxicity, which could endanger the lives of patients. To carry out this monitoring, one can use different biological fluids, including blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. The help of specialized methodologies for TDM will allow for the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of drugs and help adjust the dose before or during their administration. Techniques that are more versatile and label free for the rapid quantification of drugs employ biosensors, devices that consist of one element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. Among biosensors are those of the optical biosensor type, which have been used for the quantification of different molecules of clinical interest, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, anti-cancer drugs, and heart failure. This review presents an overview of TDM at the global level considering various aspects and clinical applications. In addition, we review the contributions of optical biosensors to TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Garzón
- Doctoral Programme of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Daniel G. Pinacho
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Rosa-Helena Bustos
- Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Garzón
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Sandra Bustamante
- Physics Department, the Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Vedas, Corporación de Investigación e Innovación, Medellín 050001, Colombia
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Evaluation of collagen type I scaffolds including gelatin-collagen microparticles and Aloe vera in a model of full-thickness skin wound. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:25-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Casadiegos S, Bustos RH, Fontanilla MR. Comparative evaluation of healing biomarkers in skin wound exudates using a nanobiosensor and histological analysis of full-thickness skin wounds grafted with multidirectional or unidirectional artificial dermis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2299-2308. [PMID: 30350342 DOI: 10.1002/term.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of factors that play a role on the healing process in exudates from skin wounds might shed light on the effect that grafted artificial tissue has in wound regeneration and repair. The first objective of this work was to standardize an optic surface plasmon resonance method based on self-assembled monolayers to quantify healing mediator factors (angiopoietin-2, epidermal growth factor, tumour necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in wound exudates. Optimal conditions for self-assembling of alkanethiol monolayers, immobilization of antibodies antifactors, and regeneration of sensor surfaces were established. A second objective was to compare healing of wounds grafted with artificial dermis with wounds left to heal by secondary intention (control) in a lagomorph model of full-thickness skin wound. Each animal included in this study had a control wound and an identical contralateral wound grafted with artificial dermis that was made by seeding autologous skin fibroblasts into unidirectional or multidirectional collagen type I scaffolds. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were carried out when animals were sacrificed, in addition to quantifying the factors in the exudates of wounds sampled 3 days after surgery. There were significant differences between the concentrations of evaluated factors in the exudates from grafted and control wounds. This finding coincides with differences observed in the histological and histomorphometric analyses of repaired tissue formed in treated and control wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casadiegos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rosa Helena Bustos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marta R Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Domínguez-Sanchéz MA, Bustos-Cruz RH, Velasco-Orjuela GP, Quintero AP, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Correa-Bautista JE, Triana-Reina HR, García-Hermoso A, González-Ruíz K, Peña-Guzmán CA, Hernández E, Peña-Ibagon JC, Téllez-T LA, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R. Acute Effects of High Intensity, Resistance, or Combined Protocol on the Increase of Level of Neurotrophic Factors in Physically Inactive Overweight Adults: The BrainFit Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 29997519 PMCID: PMC6030369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18–30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., < 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of <600 MET min/week for >6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12–15 repetitions per set, at 50–70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5–76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3–2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6–41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3–53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02915913 (Date: September 22, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Domínguez-Sanchéz
- Grupo de Investigación Movimiento Corporal Humano, Facultad de Enfermería y Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Rosa H Bustos-Cruz
- Evidence-Based Therapeutic Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina P Velasco-Orjuela
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea P Quintero
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Héctor R Triana-Reina
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Programa de Fisioterapia, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Peña-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación INAM-USTA Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Enrique Hernández
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhonatan C Peña-Ibagon
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Téllez-T
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Comparison of healing of full-thickness skin wounds grafted with multidirectional or unidirectional autologous artificial dermis: differential delivery of healing biomarkers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1014-1024. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Label-Free Quantification of Anti-TNF-α in Patients Treated with Adalimumab Using an Optical Biosensor. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030691. [PMID: 29495408 PMCID: PMC5876701 DOI: 10.3390/s18030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of an immunosensory label-free quantification methodology based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and its applicability in measuring/evaluating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The experimental parameters evaluated in this study were immobilising ligands by pre-concentration assays, sensor surface regeneration, ascertaining the method’s sensitivity and correlating the results from quantifying plasma samples by ELISA immunoassay. The results showed that TNF-α quantification values (in RU) were significantly different when comparing patients (~50–250 RU) to controls (~10–20 RU). Likewise, there was 0.97 correlation for patients and 0.91 for healthy volunteers using SPR and ELISA comparison methodologies. SPR immunosensory detection provided a precise, sensitive strategy, along with real-time determination, for quantifying adalimumab, having great potential for clinical routine regarding TDM.
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Suesca E, Dias A, Braga M, de Sousa H, Fontanilla M. Multifactor analysis on the effect of collagen concentration, cross-linking and fiber/pore orientation on chemical, microstructural, mechanical and biological properties of collagen type I scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:333-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Emirbayer PE, Gerer KF, Hoyer S, Pischetsrieder M. Targeted label-free quantification of interleukin-8 in PMA-activated U937 cell secretome by nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS-sSRM. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28256805 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are a part of the innate immune system. Their differentiation into macrophages changes their cellular proteome and secretome. Particularly secretome components such as cytokines are crucial for immune response and inflammation in many diseases. Differentiation of human lymphoma cell line U937 can be triggered by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Screening of the cytokine release in U937 upon PMA stimulation by cytometric bead array almost exclusively showed interleukin-8 (IL-8). Next, a label-free nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS-sSRM method for quantification of IL-8 in the cell secretome was established and applied to monitor the time kinetics of PMA treatment in different concentrations. Targeted secretome analysis was achieved by scheduled SRM-MS using one proteotypic peptide as precursor ion and four mass transitions. Label-free quantification was performed by external calibration using IL-8 standard. Validation results indicated that the method was suited for the quantification of IL-8 in the secretome. The maximal IL-8 release of 62.4 ng/mL was observed after incubating cells treated by 50 ng/mL PMA for 48 h. The method can now be used for quantification of IL-8 release from different cells under various conditions. Furthermore, it can be easily expanded to other secreted proteins detected by untargeted screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Esma Emirbayer
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin F Gerer
- Department of Dermatology, Forschungscampus, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hoyer
- Department of Dermatology, Forschungscampus, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral epithelial-mesenchymal-muscular hybrid sheets. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:145-54. [PMID: 27341388 PMCID: PMC5113088 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative muscles are required for swallowing and mastication, and are important for functional recovery from diseases involving oral muscular defects. Therefore, we generated three-layer hybrid sheets, similar to oral mucosal structures containing submucosal muscles, using rabbit oral mucosa epithelial, mesenchymal, and myoblastic progenitor cells, and examined the structural proteins. Each cell type was obtained from rabbit oral mucosa using enzymatic digestion. Isolated mesenchymal and myoblastic cells were multi-differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes or myotubes. Isolated epithelial cells were cultured on collagen gels containing isolated mesenchymal cells for 2 weeks, and these epithelial-mesenchymal cell sheets were laminated onto myoblastic cell sheets. The engineered hybrid sheets were multi-stratified in the epithelial and myoblastic layers in a time-dependent manner, expressing intermediate cytoskeletal filament proteins of epithelium and muscle. Hybrid sheets also expressed extracellular matrix basement membrane proteins. Immature cell markers for epithelial and myoblastic cells were observed continuously in hybrid sheet cultures. We established engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral mucosa hybrid sheets containing each immature cell type in vitro.
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Label-free cytokine micro- and nano-biosensing towards personalized medicine of systemic inflammatory disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:90-103. [PMID: 26408791 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders resulting from infection, trauma, surgery, and severe disease conditions pose serious threats to human health leading to organ dysfunction, organ failure, and mortality. The highly complex and dynamic nature of the immune system experiencing acute inflammation makes immunomodulatory therapy blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines very challenging. Successful therapy requires the ability to determine appropriate anti-cytokine drugs to be delivered at a right dose in a timely manner. Label-free micro- and nano-biosensors hold the potential to overcome the current challenges, enabling cytokine-targeted treatments to be tailored according to the immune status of an individual host with their unique cytokine biomarker detection capabilities. This review studies the recent progress in label-free cytokine biosensors, summarizes their performances and potential merits, and discusses future directions for their advancements to meet challenges towards personalized anti-cytokine drug delivery.
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Controlled release of an extract of Calendula officinalis flowers from a system based on the incorporation of gelatin-collagen microparticles into collagen I scaffolds: design and in vitro performance. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stenken JA, Poschenrieder AJ. Bioanalytical chemistry of cytokines--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:95-115. [PMID: 25467452 PMCID: PMC4717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are bioactive proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system. Due to their role in different inflammatory disease states and maintaining homeostasis, there is enormous clinical interest in the quantitation of cytokines. The typical standard methods for quantitation of cytokines are immunoassay-based techniques including enzyme-linked immusorbent assays (ELISA) and bead-based immunoassays read by either standard or modified flow cytometers. A review of recent developments in analytical methods for measurements of cytokine proteins is provided. This review briefly covers cytokine biology and the analysis challenges associated with measurement of these biomarker proteins for understanding both health and disease. New techniques applied to immunoassay-based assays are presented along with the uses of aptamers, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, optical resonator-based methods. Methods used for elucidating the release of cytokines from single cells as well as in vivo collection methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Andreas J Poschenrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner-Street 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Yeelack W, Benjakul S, Meesane J. A mimicked collagen layer/silk fibroin film as a cardio patch scaffold. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kinikoglu B, Damour O, Hasirci V. Tissue engineering of oral mucosa: a shared concept with skin. J Artif Organs 2014; 18:8-19. [PMID: 25326194 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-014-0798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered oral mucosa, in the form of epithelial cell sheets or full-thickness oral mucosa equivalents, is a potential solution for many patients with congenital defects or with tissue loss due to diseases or tumor excision following a craniofacial cancer diagnosis. In the laboratory, it further serves as an in vitro model, alternative to in vivo testing of oral care products, and provides insight into the behavior of the oral mucosal cells in healthy and pathological tissues. This review covers the old and new generation scaffold types and materials used in oral mucosa engineering; discusses similarities and differences between oral mucosa and skin, the methods developed to reconstruct oral mucosal defects; and ends with future perspectives on oral mucosa engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Kinikoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, 34742, Istanbul, Turkey,
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