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Sun Z, Ning Z, Cheng K, Duan H, Wu Q, Mayne J, Figeys D. MetaPep: A core peptide database for faster human gut metaproteomics database searches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4228-4237. [PMID: 37692080 PMCID: PMC10491838 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaproteomics has increasingly been applied to study functional changes in the human gut microbiome. Peptide identification is an important step in metaproteomics research, with sequence database search (SDS) and spectral library search (SLS) as the two main methods to identify peptides. However, the large search space in metaproteomics studies causes significant challenges for both identification methods. Moreover, with the development of mass spectrometry, it is now feasible to perform metaproteomic projects involving 100-1000 individual microbiomes. These large-scale projects create a conundrum for searching large databases. In this study, we constructed MetaPep, a core peptide database (including both collections of peptide sequences and tandem MS spectra) greatly accelerating the peptide identifications. Raw files from fifteen metaproteomics projects were re-analyzed and the identified peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) were used to construct the MetaPep database. The constructed MetaPep database achieved rapid and accurate identification of peptides for human gut metaproteomics. MetaPep has a large collection of peptides and spectra that have been identified in published human gut metaproteomics datasets. MetaPep database can be used as an important resource in the current stage of human gut metaproteomics research. This study showed the possibility of applying a core peptide database as a generic metaproteomics workflow. MetaPep could also be an important resource for future human gut metaproteomics research, such as DIA (data-independent acquisition) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kai Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Haonan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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2
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Dong X, Mayes HB, Morreel K, Katahira R, Li Y, Ralph J, Black BA, Beckham GT. Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Identification of Lignin Depolymerization Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201441. [PMID: 36197743 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of bio-based aromatic compounds in nature, and its valorization is essential to the sustainability of lignocellulosic biorefining. Characterizing lignin-derived compounds remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of this biopolymer. Tandem mass spectrometry is a promising tool for lignin structural analytics, as fragmentation patterns of model compounds can be extrapolated to identify characteristic moieties in complex samples. This work extended previous resonance excitation-type collision-induced dissociation (CID) methods that identified lignin oligomers containing β-O-4, β-5, and β-β bonds, to also identify characteristics of 5-5, β-1, and 4-O-5 dimers, enabled by quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) CID with energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS). Overall, QTOF-ERMS offers in-depth structural information and could ultimately contribute to tools for high-throughput lignin dimer identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Dong
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Heather B Mayes
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kris Morreel
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Yanding Li
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brenna A Black
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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3
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu J, Pan H, Wang X, Li S, Hu D, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Hou G, Guan F, Li H, Liu S, Ren Y. Profiling the Bisecting N-acetylglucosamine Modification in Amniotic Membrane via Mass Spectrometry. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:648-656. [PMID: 35123071 PMCID: PMC9880894 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a GlcNAc linked to the core β-mannose residue via a β1,4 linkage, is a special type of N-glycosylation that has been reported to be involved in various biological processes, such as cell adhesion and fetal development. This N-glycan structure is abundant in human trophoblasts, which is postulated to be resistant to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, enabling a mother to nourish a fetus without rejection. In this study, we hypothesized that the human amniotic membrane, which serves as the last barrier for the fetus, may also express bisected-type glycans. To test this hypothesis, glycomic analysis of the human amniotic membrane was performed, and bisected N-glycans were detected. Furthermore, our proteomic data, which have been previously employed to explore human missing proteins, were analyzed and the presence of bisecting GlcNAc-modified peptides was confirmed. A total of 41 glycoproteins with 43 glycopeptides were found to possess a bisecting GlcNAc, and 25 of these glycoproteins were reported to exhibit this type of modification for the first time. These results provide insights into the potential roles of bisecting GlcNAc modification in the human amniotic membrane, and can be beneficial to functional studies on glycoproteins with bisecting GlcNAc modifications and functional studies on immune suppression in human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Siqi Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Yun Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Feng Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shenzhen Seventh People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518081, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
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Gong S, Hu X, Chen S, Sun B, Wu JL, Li N. Dual roles of drug or its metabolite-protein conjugate: Cutting-edge strategy of drug discovery using shotgun proteomics. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1704-1734. [PMID: 35638460 DOI: 10.1002/med.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs can bind directly to proteins or be bioactivated by metabolizing enzymes to form reactive metabolites (RMs) that rapidly bind to proteins to form drug-protein conjugates or metabolite-protein conjugates (DMPCs). The close relationship between DMPCs and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) has been recognized; drug discovery teams tend to avoid covalent interactions in drug discovery projects. Covalent interactions in DMPCs can provide high potency and long action duration and conquer the intractable targets, inspiring drug design, and development. This forms the dual role feature of DMPCs. Understanding the functional implications of DMPCs in IADR control and therapeutic applications requires precise identification of these conjugates from complex biological samples. While classical biochemical methods have contributed significantly to DMPC detection in the past decades, the low abundance and low coverage of DMPCs have become a bottleneck in this field. An emerging transformation toward shotgun proteomics is on the rise. The evolving shotgun proteomics techniques offer improved reproducibility, throughput, specificity, operability, and standardization. Here, we review recent progress in the systematic discovery of DMPCs using shotgun proteomics. Furthermore, the applications of shotgun proteomics supporting drug development, toxicity mechanism investigation, and drug repurposing processes are also reviewed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shengshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Respiratory Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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Li C, Chu S, Tan S, Yin X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers. Front Chem 2021; 9:813359. [PMID: 34993180 PMCID: PMC8724130 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in many fields. Recent developments in chemical and biological researches have drawn much attention to the measurement of substances with low abundances in samples. Continuous efforts have been made consequently to further improve the sensitivity of MS. Modifications on the mass analyzers of mass spectrometers offer a direct, universal and practical way to obtain higher sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in mass analyzers for the improvement of mass spectrometers' sensitivity, including quadrupole, ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT-ICR), as well as different combinations of these mass analyzers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. This review provides guidance to the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications. It is also beneficial to the development of novel mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Romanczyk M, Zhang Y, Easton M, Li W, Viidanoja J, Kenttämaa H. Distinguishing Isomeric Aromatic Radical Cations by Using Energy-Resolved Ion Trap and Medium Energy Collision-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:58-65. [PMID: 32881507 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different collision-activated dissociation (CAD) methods were evaluated for their effectiveness at distinguishing several ionized isomeric aromatic compounds by using a linear quadrupole ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. The compounds were ionized by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with carbon disulfide solvent in the positive ion mode to generate stable molecular ions with limited fragmentation. They were subjected to CAD in the linear quadrupole ion trap (ITCAD) and in an octupole collision cell (medium-energy collision-activated dissociation, MCAD; also known as HCD). Experiments conducted by attempting to vary ion activation times revealed that MCAD and ITCAD occur in the microsecond and millisecond time regimes, respectively. MCAD was found to impart substantially greater internal energies into the molecular ions compared to ITCAD. Accordingly, molecular ions subjected to MCAD favored dissociation via fast σ-bond cleavages, while molecular ions subjected to ITCAD tended to favor rearrangement reactions. MCAD used in the energy-resolved mode (ER-MCAD) enabled the distinction of six ionized isomeric compounds from each other based on modified crossing-point energies (collision energies where the molecular ions and selected fragment ions have an equal abundance). This was not true for ER-ITCAD. Overall, MCAD was superior over ITCAD at the differentiation of isomeric ions, and it provided more detailed structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Romanczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mckay Easton
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- University of Colorado AMC, Bioscience II Building, 12705 E Montview Boulevard, Suite 200, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7503, United States
| | - Wanru Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jyrki Viidanoja
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ratastie 2, FI-01620, Vantaa, Finland
- Technology Centre, Neste Corporation, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Hilkka Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Ickert S, Riedel J, Beck S, Linscheid MW. Negative nucleotide ions as sensitive probes for energy specificity in collision-induced fragmentation in mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:597-603. [PMID: 29369442 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The most commonly used fragmentation methods in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) are collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD). While in CID the preselected ions in the trap are resonantly (and m/z exclusively) excited, in HCD the entire m/z range experiences the dissociative acceleration. The different excitation is reflected in different fragment distributions. METHODS As a test-bed for particularly pronounced fragmentation specificity, here MS/MS experiments on several 4-mer oligonucleotides were conducted employing both collision methods and the results were thoroughly compared. Oligonucleotides are shown to be sensitive probes to subtle changes, especially in the negative ion mode. A detailed analysis of these differences reveals insight into the dissociation mechanics. RESULTS The differences are represented in heat-maps, which allow for a direct visual inspection of large amounts of data. In these false colour representations the, sometimes subtle, changes in the individual dissociation product distributions become distinct. Another advantage of these graphic plots can be found in the formation of systematic patterns. These patterns reflect trends in dissociation specificity which allow for the formulation of general rules in fragmentation behavior. CONCLUSIONS Instruments equipped with two different excitation schemes for MS/MS are today widely available. Nonetheless, direct comparisons between the individual results are scarcely made. Such comparative studies bear a powerful analytical potential to elucidate fragmentation reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ickert
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -pruefung, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -pruefung, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael W Linscheid
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Potts GK, Voigt EA, Bailey DJ, Rose CM, Westphall MS, Hebert AS, Yin J, Coon JJ. Neucode Labels for Multiplexed, Absolute Protein Quantification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3295-303. [PMID: 26882330 PMCID: PMC5141612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new method to accomplish multiplexed, absolute protein quantification in a targeted fashion. The approach draws upon the recently developed neutron encoding (NeuCode) metabolic labeling strategy and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Since PRM scanning relies upon high-resolution tandem mass spectra for targeted protein quantification, incorporation of multiple NeuCode labeled peptides permits high levels of multiplexing that can be accessed from high-resolution tandem mass spectra. Here we demonstrate this approach in cultured cells by monitoring a viral infection and the corresponding viral protein production over many infection time points in a single experiment. In this context the NeuCode PRM combination affords up to 30 channels of quantitative information in a single MS experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Emily A Voigt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Derek J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Abstract
Despite advances in understanding pluripotency through traditional cell biology and gene expression profiling, the signaling networks responsible for maintenance of pluripotency and lineage-specific differentiation are poorly defined. To aid in an improved understanding of these networks at the systems level, we present procedures for the combined analysis of the total proteome and total phosphoproteome (termed (phospho)proteome) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and their differentiated derivatives. Because there has been considerable heterogeneity in the literature on the culture of pluripotent cells, we first briefly describe our feeder-free cell culture protocol. The focus, however, is on procedures necessary to generate large-scale (phospho)proteomic data from the cells. Human cells are described here, but the (phospho)proteomic procedures are broadly applicable. Detailed procedures are given for lysis of the cells, protein sample preparation and digestion, multidimensional liquid chromatography, analysis by tandem mass spectrometry, and database searches for peptide/protein identification (ID). We summarize additional data analysis procedures, the subject of ongoing efforts.
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Abstract
Proteins provide the verbs to biology, and proteomics provides the nouns for their analytical and discovery-driven studies. The term proteomics was coined in the 1990s and deals with the protein complement of the genome-the proteome. Following the classical proteomics era, the development of new mass spectrometric methods for peptide analysis permitted the identification of proteins in peptide mixtures obtained by proteolytic digestion of complex samples, e.g., shotgun proteomics. Since its introduction, shotgun proteomics became the standard technique for the analysis of protein hydrolyzates in a high-throughput way. In this chapter, we provide a survey in shotgun proteomics highlighting instruments and techniques used in modern second and third proteomics generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cesar Sousa Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 Bloco A - sala 542 Cidade Universitária, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ledvina AR, Rose CM, McAlister GC, Syka JE, Westphall MS, Griep-Raming J, Schwartz JC, Coon JJ. Activated ion ETD performed in a modified collision cell on a hybrid QLT-Oribtrap mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1623-33. [PMID: 23677544 PMCID: PMC3776012 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe the implementation and characterization of activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD) on a hybrid QLT-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. AI-ETD was performed using a collision cell that was modified to enable ETD reactions, in addition to normal collisional activation. The instrument manifold was modified to enable irradiation of ions along the axis of this modified cell with IR photons from a CO2 laser. Laser power settings were optimized for both charge (z) and mass to charge (m/z) and the instrument control firmware was updated to allow for automated adjustments to the level of irradiation. This implementation of AI-ETD yielded 1.6-fold more unique identifications than ETD in an nLC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic yeast peptides. Furthermore, we investigated the application of AI-ETD on large scale analysis of phosphopeptides, where laser power aids ETD, but can produce b- and y-type ions because of the phosphoryl moiety's high IR adsorption. nLC-MS/MS analysis of phosphopeptides derived from human embryonic stem cells using AI-ETD yielded 2.4-fold more unique identifications than ETD alone, demonstrating a promising advance in ETD sequencing of PTM containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Genome Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Christopher M. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Genome Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Graeme C. McAlister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Genome Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Genome Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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12
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Hebert AS, Merrill AE, Stefely JA, Bailey DJ, Wenger CD, Westphall MS, Pagliarini DJ, Coon JJ. Amine-reactive neutron-encoded labels for highly plexed proteomic quantitation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3360-9. [PMID: 23882030 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.032011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel amine-reactive chemical label that exploits differential neutron-binding energy between (13)C and (15)N isotopes. These neutron-encoded (NeuCode) chemical labels enable up to 12-plex MS1-based protein quantification. Each structurally identical, but isotopically unique, tag is encoded with a 12.6-mDa mass difference-relative to its nearest neighbor-so that peptides bearing these NeuCode signatures do not increase spectral complexity and are detected only upon analysis with very high mass-resolving powers. We demonstrate that the method provides quantitative performance that is comparable to both metabolic labeling and isobaric tagging while combining the benefits of both strategies. Finally, we employ the tags to characterize the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the diauxic shift, a metabolic transition from fermentation to aerobic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Hebert
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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13
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Tureček F. Renaissance of cation-radicals in mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:S0003. [PMID: 24349922 PMCID: PMC3810458 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief overview addresses the topic that was presented in the Thomson Medal Award session at the 19th International Mass Spectrometry Conference in Kyoto, Japan. Mass spectrometry of cation-radicals has enjoyed a remarkable renaissance thanks to the development of new methods for electron attachment to multiply charged peptide ions. The charge-reduced ions that are odd-electron species exhibit interesting reactivity that is useful for peptide and protein sequencing. The paper briefly reviews the fundamental aspects of the formation, energetics, and backbone dissociations of peptide cation-radicals.
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Zhang Y, Fonslow BR, Shan B, Baek MC, Yates JR. Protein analysis by shotgun/bottom-up proteomics. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2343-94. [PMID: 23438204 PMCID: PMC3751594 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bryan R. Fonslow
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Biology Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Wenger CD, Coon JJ. A proteomics search algorithm specifically designed for high-resolution tandem mass spectra. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1377-86. [PMID: 23323968 DOI: 10.1021/pr301024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of high-resolution tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) is becoming more prevalent in proteomics, but most researchers employ peptide identification algorithms that were designed prior to this development. Here, we demonstrate new software, Morpheus, designed specifically for high-mass accuracy data, based on a simple score that is little more than the number of matching products. For a diverse collection of data sets from a variety of organisms (E. coli, yeast, human) acquired on a variety of instruments (quadrupole-time-of-flight, ion trap-orbitrap, and quadrupole-orbitrap) in different laboratories, Morpheus gives more spectrum, peptide, and protein identifications at a 1% false discovery rate (FDR) than Mascot, Open Mass Spectrometry Search Algorithm (OMSSA), and Sequest. Additionally, Morpheus is 1.5 to 4.6 times faster, depending on the data set, than the next fastest algorithm, OMSSA. Morpheus was developed in C# .NET and is available free and open source under a permissive license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Wenger
- Agilent Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States.
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16
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Van Riper SK, de Jong EP, Carlis JV, Griffin TJ. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics: Basic Principles and Emerging Technologies and Directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:1-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Hoopmann MR, Moritz RL. Current algorithmic solutions for peptide-based proteomics data generation and identification. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 24:31-8. [PMID: 23142544 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based proteomic data sets are ever increasing in size and complexity. These data sets provide computational challenges when attempting to quickly analyze spectra and obtain correct protein identifications. Database search and de novo algorithms must consider high-resolution MS/MS spectra and alternative fragmentation methods. Protein inference is a tricky problem when analyzing large data sets of degenerate peptide identifications. Combining multiple algorithms for improved peptide identification puts significant strain on computational systems when investigating large data sets. This review highlights some of the recent developments in peptide and protein identification algorithms for analyzing shotgun mass spectrometry data when encountering the aforementioned hurdles. Also explored are the roles that analytical pipelines, public spectral libraries, and cloud computing play in the evolution of peptide-based proteomics.
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18
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Yang C, Park AC, Davis NA, Russell JD, Kim B, Brand DD, Lawrence MJ, Ge Y, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Greenspan DS. Comprehensive mass spectrometric mapping of the hydroxylated amino acid residues of the α1(V) collagen chain. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40598-610. [PMID: 23060441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1(V) is an extensively modified collagen chain important in disease. RESULTS Comprehensive mapping of α1(V) post-translational modifications reveals unexpectedly large numbers of X-position hydroxyprolines in Gly-X-Y amino acid triplets. CONCLUSION The unexpected abundance of X-position hydroxyprolines suggests a mechanism for differential modification of collagen properties. SIGNIFICANCE Positions, numbers, and occupancy of modified sites can provide insights into α1(V) biological properties. Aberrant expression of the type V collagen α1(V) chain can underlie the connective tissue disorder classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and autoimmune responses against the α1(V) chain are linked to lung transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. The α1(V) collagenous COL1 domain is thought to contain greater numbers of post-translational modifications (PTMs) than do similar domains of other fibrillar collagen chains, PTMs consisting of hydroxylated prolines and lysines, the latter of which can be glycosylated. These types of PTMs can contribute to epitopes that underlie immune responses against collagens, and the high level of PTMs may contribute to the unique biological properties of the α1(V) chain. Here we use high resolution mass spectrometry to map such PTMs in bovine placental α1(V) and human recombinant pro-α1(V) procollagen chains. Findings include the locations of those PTMs that vary and those PTMs that are invariant between these α1(V) chains from widely divergent sources. Notably, an unexpectedly large number of hydroxyproline residues were mapped to the X-positions of Gly-X-Y triplets, contrary to expectations based on previous amino acid analyses of hydrolyzed α1(V) chains from various tissues. We attribute this difference to the ability of tandem mass spectrometry coupled to nanoflow chromatographic separations to detect lower-level PTM combinations with superior sensitivity and specificity. The data are consistent with the presence of a relatively large number of 3-hydroxyproline sites with less than 100% occupancy, suggesting a previously unknown mechanism for the differential modification of α1(V) chain and type V collagen properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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19
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Imamura H, Wakabayashi M, Ishihama Y. Analytical strategies for shotgun phosphoproteomics: Status and prospects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:836-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Van Etten J, Schagat TL, Hrit J, Weidmann CA, Brumbaugh J, Coon JJ, Goldstrohm AC. Human Pumilio proteins recruit multiple deadenylases to efficiently repress messenger RNAs. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36370-83. [PMID: 22955276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.373522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PUF proteins are a conserved family of eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins that regulate specific mRNAs: they control many processes including stem cell proliferation, fertility, and memory formation. PUFs repress protein expression from their target mRNAs but the mechanism by which they do so remains unclear, especially for humans. Humans possess two PUF proteins, PUM1 and PUM2, which exhibit similar RNA binding specificities. Here we report new insights into their regulatory activities and mechanisms of action. We developed functional assays to measure sequence-specific repression by PUM1 and PUM2. Both robustly inhibit translation and promote mRNA degradation. Purified PUM complexes were found to contain subunits of the CCR4-NOT (CNOT) complex, which contains multiple enzymes that catalyze mRNA deadenylation. PUMs interact with the CNOT deadenylase subunits in vitro. We used three approaches to determine the importance of deadenylases for PUM repression. First, dominant-negative mutants of CNOT7 and CNOT8 reduced PUM repression. Second, RNA interference depletion of the deadenylases alleviated PUM repression. Third, the poly(A) tail was necessary for maximal PUM repression. These findings demonstrate a conserved mechanism of PUF-mediated repression via direct recruitment of the CCR4-POP2-NOT deadenylase leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. A second, deadenylation independent mechanism was revealed by the finding that PUMs repress an mRNA that lacks a poly(A) tail. Thus, human PUMs are repressors capable of deadenylation-dependent and -independent modes of repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Van Etten
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, USA
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21
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Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics and Peptidomics for Systems Biology and Biomarker Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:313-335. [PMID: 24504115 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has shown great interest in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for its applications in biology. Proteomics technologies have evolved to produce large datasets of proteins or peptides involved in various biological and disease progression processes producing testable hypothesis for complex biological questions. This review provides an introduction and insight to relevant topics in proteomics and peptidomics including biological material selection, sample preparation, separation techniques, peptide fragmentation, post-translation modifications, quantification, bioinformatics, and biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, current literature and remaining challenges and emerging technologies for proteomics and peptidomics are presented.
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22
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Rose CM, Venkateshwaran M, Grimsrud PA, Westphall MS, Sussman MR, Coon JJ, Ané JM. Medicago PhosphoProtein Database: a repository for Medicago truncatula phosphoprotein data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:122. [PMID: 22701463 PMCID: PMC3371616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of legume crops to fix atmospheric nitrogen via a symbiotic association with soil rhizobia makes them an essential component of many agricultural systems. Initiation of this symbiosis requires protein phosphorylation-mediated signaling in response to rhizobial signals named Nod factors. Medicago truncatula (Medicago) is the model system for studying legume biology, making the study of its phosphoproteome essential. Here, we describe the Medicago PhosphoProtein Database (MPPD; http://phospho.medicago.wisc.edu), a repository built to house phosphoprotein, phosphopeptide, and phosphosite data specific to Medicago. Currently, the MPPD holds 3,457 unique phosphopeptides that contain 3,404 non-redundant sites of phosphorylation on 829 proteins. Through the web-based interface, users are allowed to browse identified proteins or search for proteins of interest. Furthermore, we allow users to conduct BLAST searches of the database using both peptide sequences and phosphorylation motifs as queries. The data contained within the database are available for download to be investigated at the user's discretion. The MPPD will be updated continually with novel phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide identifications, with the intent of constructing an unparalleled compendium of large-scale Medicago phosphorylation data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin,Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin,Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin,Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin,Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Ledvina AR, Lee MV, McAlister GC, Westphall MS, Coon JJ. Infrared multiphoton dissociation for quantitative shotgun proteomics. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4513-9. [PMID: 22480380 DOI: 10.1021/ac300367p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We modified a dual-cell linear ion trap mass spectrometer to perform infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in the low-pressure trap of a dual-cell quadrupole linear ion trap (dual-cell QLT) and perform large-scale IRMPD analyses of complex peptide mixtures. Upon optimization of activation parameters (precursor q-value, irradiation time, and photon flux), IRMPD subtly, but significantly, outperforms resonant-excitation collisional-activated dissociation (CAD) for peptides identified at a 1% false-discovery rate (FDR) from a yeast tryptic digest (95% confidence, p = 0.019). We further demonstrate that IRMPD is compatible with the analysis of isobaric-tagged peptides. Using fixed QLT rf amplitude allows for the consistent retention of reporter ions, but necessitates the use of variable IRMPD irradiation times, dependent upon precursor mass to charge (m/z). We show that IRMPD activation parameters can be tuned to allow for effective peptide identification and quantitation simultaneously. We thus conclude that IRMPD performed in a dual-cell ion trap is an effective option for the large-scale analysis of both unmodified and isobaric-tagged peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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McAlister GC, Russell JD, Rumachik NG, Hebert AS, Syka JEP, Geer LY, Westphall MS, Pagliarini DJ, Coon JJ. Analysis of the acidic proteome with negative electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2875-82. [PMID: 22335612 PMCID: PMC3310326 DOI: 10.1021/ac203430u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first implementation of negative electron-transfer dissociation (NETD) on a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer and its application to high-throughput sequencing of peptide anions. NETD, coupled with high pH separations, negative electrospray ionization (ESI), and an NETD compatible version of OMSSA, is part of a complete workflow that includes the formation, interrogation, and sequencing of peptide anions. Together these interlocking pieces facilitated the identification of more than 2000 unique peptides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae representing the most comprehensive analysis of peptide anions by tandem mass spectrometry to date. The same S. cerevisiae samples were interrogated using traditional, positive modes of peptide LC-MS/MS analysis (e.g., acidic LC separations, positive ESI, and collision activated dissociation), and the resulting peptide identifications of the different workflows were compared. Due to a decreased flux of peptide anions and a tendency to produce lowly charged precursors, the NETD-based LC-MS/MS workflow was not as sensitive as the positive mode methods. However, the use of NETD readily permits access to underrepresented acidic portions of the proteome by identifying peptides that tend to have lower pI values. As such, NETD improves sequence coverage, filling out the acidic portions of proteins that are often overlooked by the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lewis Y. Geer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-0617, United States.
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26
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27
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Jedrychowski MP, Huttlin EL, Haas W, Sowa ME, Rad R, Gygi SP. Evaluation of HCD- and CID-type fragmentation within their respective detection platforms for murine phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.009910. [PMID: 21917720 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.009910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation modulates a myriad of biological functions, and its regulation is vital for proper cellular activity. Mass spectrometry is the enabling tool for phosphopeptide analysis, where recent instrumentation advances in both speed and sensitivity in linear ion trap and orbitrap technologies may yield more comprehensive phosphoproteomic analyses in less time. Protein phosphorylation analysis by MS relies on structural information derived through controlled peptide fragmentation. Compared with traditional, ion-trap-based collision-induced dissociation (CID), a more recent type of fragmentation termed HCD (higher energy collisional dissociation) provides beam type CID tandem MS with detection of fragment ions at high resolution in the orbitrap mass analyzer. Here we compared HCD to traditional CID for large-scale phosphorylation analyses of murine brain under three separate experimental conditions. These included a same-precursor analysis where CID and HCD scans were performed back-to-back, separate analyses of a phosphotyrosine peptide immunoprecipitation experiment, and separate whole phosphoproteome analyses. HCD generally provided higher search engine scores with more peptides identified, thus out-performing CID for back-to-back experiments for most metrics tested. However, for phosphotyrosine IPs and in a full phosphoproteome study of mouse brain, the greater acquisition speed of CID-only analyses provided larger data sets. We reconciled our results with those in direct contradiction from Nagaraj N, D'Souza RCJ et al. (J. Proteome Res. 9:6786, 2010). We conclude, for large-scale phosphoproteomics, CID fragmentation with rapid detection in the ion trap still produced substantially richer data sets, but the back-to-back experiments demonstrated the promise of HCD and orbitrap detection for the future.
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28
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Proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparison of human ES and iPS cells. Nat Methods 2011; 8:821-7. [PMID: 21983960 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combining high-mass-accuracy mass spectrometry, isobaric tagging and software for multiplexed, large-scale protein quantification, we report deep proteomic coverage of four human embryonic stem cell and four induced pluripotent stem cell lines in biological triplicate. This 24-sample comparison resulted in a very large set of identified proteins and phosphorylation sites in pluripotent cells. The statistical analysis afforded by our approach revealed subtle but reproducible differences in protein expression and protein phosphorylation between embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells. Merging these results with RNA-seq analysis data, we found functionally related differences across each tier of regulation. We also introduce the Stem Cell-Omics Repository (SCOR), a resource to collate and display quantitative information across multiple planes of measurement, including mRNA, protein and post-translational modifications.
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29
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Shen Y, Tolić N, Xie F, Zhao R, Purvine SO, Schepmoes AA, Ronald JM, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Effectiveness of CID, HCD, and ETD with FT MS/MS for degradomic-peptidomic analysis: comparison of peptide identification methods. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3929-43. [PMID: 21678914 PMCID: PMC3166380 DOI: 10.1021/pr200052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the effectiveness of CID, HCD, and ETD for LC-FT MS/MS analysis of peptides using a tandem linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A range of software tools and analysis parameters were employed to explore the use of CID, HCD, and ETD to identify peptides (isolated from human blood plasma) without the use of specific "enzyme rules". In the evaluation of an FDR-controlled SEQUEST scoring method, the use of accurate masses for fragments increased the number of identified peptides (by ~50%) compared to the use of conventional low accuracy fragment mass information, and CID provided the largest contribution to the identified peptide data sets compared to HCD and ETD. The FDR-controlled Mascot scoring method provided significantly fewer peptide identifications than SEQUEST (by 1.3-2.3 fold) and CID, HCD, and ETD provided similar contributions to identified peptides. Evaluation of de novo sequencing and the UStags method for more intense fragment ions revealed that HCD afforded more contiguous residues (e.g., ≥ 7 amino acids) than either CID or ETD. Both the FDR-controlled SEQUEST and Mascot scoring methods provided peptide data sets that were affected by the decoy database used and mass tolerances applied (e.g., identical peptides between data sets could be limited to ~70%), while the UStags method provided the most consistent peptide data sets (>90% overlap). The m/z ranges in which CID, HCD, and ETD contributed the largest number of peptide identifications were substantially overlapping. This work suggests that the three peptide ion fragmentation methods are complementary and that maximizing the number of peptide identifications benefits significantly from a careful match with the informatics tools and methods applied. These results also suggest that the decoy strategy may inaccurately estimate identification FDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Nikola Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Fang Xie
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Samuel O. Purvine
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - J. Moore Ronald
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
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30
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de Graaf EL, Altelaar AFM, van Breukelen B, Mohammed S, Heck AJR. Improving SRM assay development: a global comparison between triple quadrupole, ion trap, and higher energy CID peptide fragmentation spectra. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4334-41. [PMID: 21726076 DOI: 10.1021/pr200156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In proteomics, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is rapidly gaining importance for targeted protein quantification. The triple quadrupole mass analyzers used in SRM assays allow for levels of specificity and sensitivity hard to accomplish by more standard shotgun proteomics experiments. Often, an SRM assay is built by in silico prediction of transitions and/or extraction of peptide precursor and fragment ions from a spectral library. Spectral libraries are typically generated from nonideal ion trap based shotgun proteomics experiments or synthetic peptide libraries, consuming considerable time and effort. Here, we investigate the usability of beam type CID (or "higher energy CID" (HCD)) peptide fragmentation spectra, as acquired using an Orbitrap Velos, to facilitate SRM assay development. Therefore, peptide fragmentation spectra, obtained by ion-trap CID, triple-quadrupole CID (QqQ-CID) and Orbitrap HCD, originating from digested cellular lysates, were compared. Spectral comparison and a dedicated correlation algorithm indicated significantly higher similarity between QqQ-CID and HCD fragmentation spectra than between QqQ-CID and ion trap-CID spectra. SRM transitions generated using a constructed HCD spectral library increased SRM assay sensitivity up to 2-fold, when compared to the use of a library created from more conventionally used ion trap-CID spectra, showing that HCD spectra can assist SRM assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L de Graaf
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Bushee JL, Argikar UA. An experimental approach to enhance precursor ion fragmentation for metabolite identification studies: application of dual collision cells in an orbital trap. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1356-1362. [PMID: 21504000 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in mass spectrometry including data-dependent scanning and high-resolution mass spectrometry have aided metabolite profiling for non-radiolabeled xenobiotics. However, narrowing down a site of metabolism is often limited by the quality of the collision-induced dissociation (CID)-based precursor ion fragmentation. An alternative dissociation technique, higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD), enriches compound fragmentation and yields 'triple-quadrupole-like fragmentation'. Applying HCD along with CID and data-dependent scanning could enhance structural elucidation for small molecules. Liquid chromatography/multi-stage mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n) ) experiments with CID and HCD fragmentation were carried out for commercially available compounds on a hybrid linear ion trap orbital trap mass spectrometer equipped with accurate mass measurement capability. The developed method included stepped normalized collision energy (SNCE) parameters to enhance MS fragmentation without tuning for individual compounds. All the evaluated compounds demonstrated improved fragmentation under HCD as compared with CID. The results suggest that an LC/MS(n) method that incorporated both SNCE HCD- and CID-enabled precursor ion fragmentation afforded comprehensive structural information for the compounds under investigation. A dual collision cell approach was remarkably better than one with only CID MS(n) in an orbital trap. It is evident that such an acquisition method can augment the identification of unknown metabolites in drug discovery by improving fragmentation efficiency of both the parent compound and its putative metabolite(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bushee
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Frese CK, Altelaar AFM, Hennrich ML, Nolting D, Zeller M, Griep-Raming J, Heck AJR, Mohammed S. Improved Peptide Identification by Targeted Fragmentation Using CID, HCD and ETD on an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2377-88. [DOI: 10.1021/pr1011729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Frese
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. F. Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco L. Hennrich
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Artemenko KA, Bergström Lind S, Elfineh L, Mayrhofer C, Zubarev RA, Bergquist J, Pettersson U. Optimization of immunoaffinity enrichment and detection: toward a comprehensive characterization of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:1971-8. [PMID: 21403953 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues regulates many cell functions and has also been proved to be involved in oncogenesis. Thus, the identification of the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) proteome of cells is a very important task. Since tyrosine phosphorylation represents only around 1% of the total human phosphoproteome, the study of pTyr proteins is rather challenging. Here we report the optimization study of the phosphotyrosine proteome using K562 cells as a model system. A substantial segment of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells was characterized by immunoaffinity enrichment with 4G10 and PYKD1 antibodies followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 480 non-redundant pTyr peptides corresponding to 342 pTyr proteins were found. 141 pTyr peptides were not described elsewhere. The mass spectrometry approach involving high-resolving FTMS analysis of precursor ions and subsequent detection of CID fragments in a linear ion trap was considered as optimal. For detection of low abundant pTyr peptides pooling of individual immunoaffinity enrichments for one LC-MS/MS analysis was crucial. The enrichment properties of the monoclonal PYKD1 antibody were presented for the first time, also in comparison to the 4G10 antibody. PYKD1 was found to be more effective for protein enrichment (1.2 and 5% efficiency at peptide and protein level correspondingly), while 4G10 showed better results when peptide enrichment was performed (15% efficiency versus 3.6% at protein level). Substantially different subsets of the phosphoproteome were enriched by these antibodies. This finding together with previous studies demonstrates that comprehensive pTyr proteome characterization by immunoprecipitation requires multiple antibodies to be used for the affinity enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Artemenko
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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McAlister GC, Phanstiel DH, Brumbaugh J, Westphall MS, Coon JJ. Higher-energy collision-activated dissociation without a dedicated collision cell. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:O111.009456. [PMID: 21393638 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o111.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beam-type collisional activation dissociation (HCD) offers many advantages over resonant excitation collision-activated dissociation, including improved identification of phosphorylated peptides and compatibility with isobaric tag-based quantitation (e.g. tandem mass tag (TMT) and iTRAQ). However, HCD typically requires specially designed and dedicated collision cells. Here we demonstrate that HCD can be performed in the ion injection pathway of a mass spectrometer with a standard atmospheric inlet (iHCD). Testing this method on complex peptide mixtures revealed similar identification rates to collision-activated dissociation (2883 versus 2730 IDs for iHCD/CAD, respectively) and precursor-product-conversion efficiency comparable to that achieved within a dedicated collision cell. Compared with pulsed-q dissociation, a quadrupole ion trap-based method that retains low-mass isobaric tag reporter ions, iHCD yielded isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification reporter ions 10-fold more intense. This method involves no additional hardware and can theoretically be implemented on any mass spectrometer with an atmospheric inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C McAlister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Pichler P, Köcher T, Holzmann J, Möhring T, Ammerer G, Mechtler K. Improved precision of iTRAQ and TMT quantification by an axial extraction field in an Orbitrap HCD cell. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1469-74. [PMID: 21275378 PMCID: PMC3270567 DOI: 10.1021/ac102265w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
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Improving analytical precision is a major goal in quantitative differential proteomics as high precision ensures low numbers of outliers, a source of false positives with regard to quantification. In addition, higher precision increases statistical power, i.e., the probability to detect significant differences. With chemical labeling using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) or tandem mass tag (TMT) reagents, quantification is based on the extraction of reporter ions from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. We compared the performance of two versions of the LTQ Orbitrap higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) cell with and without an axial electric field with regard to reporter ion quantification. The HCD cell with the axial electric field was designed to push fragment ions into the C-trap and this version is mounted in current Orbitrap XL ETD and Orbitrap Velos instruments. Our goal was to evaluate whether the purported improvement in ion transmission had a measurable impact on the precision of MS/MS based quantification using peptide labeling with isobaric tags. We show that the axial electric field led to an increased percentage of HCD spectra in which the complete set of reporter ions was detected and, even more important, to a reduction in overall variance, i.e., improved analytical precision of the acquired data. Notably, adequate precision of HCD-based quantification was maintained even for low precursor ion intensities of a complex biological sample. These findings may help researchers in their design of quantitative proteomics studies using isobaric tags and establish HCD-based quantification on the LTQ Orbitrap as a highly precise approach in quantitative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pichler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Proteome Analysis, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ledvina AR, Beauchene NA, McAlister GC, Syka JEP, Schwartz JC, Griep-Raming J, Westphall MS, Coon JJ. Activated-ion electron transfer dissociation improves the ability of electron transfer dissociation to identify peptides in a complex mixture. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10068-74. [PMID: 21062032 DOI: 10.1021/ac1020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a modified electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-enabled quadrupole linear ion trap (QLT) mass spectrometer, we demonstrate the utility of IR activation concomitant with ETD ion-ion reactions (activated-ion ETD, AI-ETD). Analyzing 12 strong cation exchanged (SCX) fractions of a LysC digest of human cell protein extract using ETD, collision-activated dissociation (CAD), and AI-ETD, we find that AI-ETD generates 13 405 peptide spectral matches (PSMs) at a 1% false-discovery rate (1% FDR), surpassing both ETD (7 968) and CAD (10 904). We also analyze 12 SCX fractions of a tryptic digest of human cell protein extract and find that ETD produces 6 234 PSMs, AI-ETD 9 130 PSMs, and CAD 15 209 PSMs. Compared to ETD with supplemental collisional activation (ETcaD), AI-ETD generates ∼80% more PSMs for the whole cell lysate digested with trypsin and ∼50% more PSMs for the whole cell lysate digested with LysC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Leitner A, Walzthoeni T, Kahraman A, Herzog F, Rinner O, Beck M, Aebersold R. Probing native protein structures by chemical cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1634-49. [PMID: 20360032 PMCID: PMC2938055 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r000001-mcp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking of reactive groups in native proteins and protein complexes in combination with the identification of cross-linked sites by mass spectrometry has been in use for more than a decade. Recent advances in instrumentation, cross-linking protocols, and analysis software have led to a renewed interest in this technique, which promises to provide important information about native protein structure and the topology of protein complexes. In this article, we discuss the critical steps of chemical cross-linking and its implications for (structural) biology: reagent design and cross-linking protocols, separation and mass spectrometric analysis of cross-linked samples, dedicated software for data analysis, and the use of cross-linking data for computational modeling. Finally, the impact of protein cross-linking on various biological disciplines is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leitner
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Walzthoeni
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Abdullah Kahraman
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz Herzog
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Rinner
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biognosys AG, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beck
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and
- Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Proteomic strategies and challenges in tumor metastasis research. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:441-51. [PMID: 20607365 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of proteomics offers new approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of cancer and metastatic disease. Although numerous tumor markers have been identified with different genomic methods in the past, most are either not specific or sensitive enough to be used in routine clinical setting. The rationale for proteomic profiling is based on the fact that proteins represent the dynamic state of the cells, reflecting pathophysiological changes in the disease more accurately than genomic and epigenetic alterations. Emerging proteomic techniques allow simultaneous assessment of a large number of proteins at one time. The study of protein profiles in complex systems, such as plasma, serum or tissues of cancer patients is likely to become valuable for monitoring the response of patients during treatment or for detecting recurrence of the disease.
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Wenger CD, McAlister GC, Xia Q, Coon JJ. Sub-part-per-million precursor and product mass accuracy for high-throughput proteomics on an electron transfer dissociation-enabled orbitrap mass spectrometer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:754-63. [PMID: 20124352 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900541-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for internal mass calibration on an electron transfer dissociation-enabled linear ion trap-orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer. Fluoranthene cations, a byproduct of the reaction used for generation of electron transfer dissociation reagent anions, are co-injected with the analyte cations in all orbitrap mass analysis events. The fluoranthene cations serve as a robust internal calibrant with minimal impact on scan time (<20 ms) or spectral quality. Following external mass calibration, 60 replicate LC-MS/MS runs of a complex peptide mixture were collected over the course of approximately 136 h (almost 6 days). Using only standard external mass calibration, the mass accuracy for a typical analysis was -3.31 +/- 0.93 ppm (sigma) for precursors and -2.32 +/- 0.89 ppm for products. After application of internal recalibration, mass accuracy improved to +0.77 +/- 0.71 ppm for precursors and +0.17 +/- 0.67 ppm for products. When all 60 replicate runs were analyzed together without internal mass recalibration, the mass accuracy was -1.23 +/- 1.54 ppm for precursors and -0.18 +/- 1.42 ppm for products, nearly a 2-fold drop in precision relative to an individual run. After internal mass recalibration, this improved to +0.80 +/- 0.70 ppm for precursors and +0.16 +/- 0.67 ppm for products, roughly equivalent to that obtained in a single run, demonstrating a near complete elimination of mass calibration drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Wenger
- Department Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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