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Caetano GC, Franco DMM, Canile FM, Vaz BG, Ostroski IC. Recovery of nickel octaethylporphyrin multilayers from bituminous extracts using low cost adsorbent. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Scott DE, Schulze M, Stryker JM, Tykwinski RR. Deciphering structure and aggregation in asphaltenes: hypothesis-driven design and development of synthetic model compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9202-9239. [PMID: 34231589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asphaltenes comprise the heaviest and least understood fraction of crude petroleum. The asphaltenes are a diverse and complex mixture of organic and organometallic molecules in which most of the molecular constituents are tightly aggregated into more complicated suprastructures. The bulk properties of asphaltenes arise from a broad range of polycyclic aromatics, heteroatoms, and polar functional groups. Despite much analytical effort, the precise molecular architectures of the material remain unresolved. To understand asphaltene characteristics and reactivity, the field has turned to synthetic model compounds that mirror asphaltene structure, aggregation behavior, and thermal chemistry, including the nucleation of coke. Historically, molecular asphaltene modeling was limited to commercial compounds, offering little illumination and few opportunities for hypothesis-driven research. More recently, however, rational molecular design and modern organic synthesis have started to impact this area. This review provides an overview of commercially available model compounds but is principally focused on the design and synthesis of structurally advanced and appropriately functionalized compounds to mimic the physical and chemical behavior of asphaltenes. Efforts to model asphaltene aggregation are briefly discussed, and a prognosis for the field is offered. A referenced tabulation of the synthetic compounds reported to date is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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3
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Fractionation and Characterization of Petroleum Asphaltene: Focus on Metalopetroleomics. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asphaltenes, as the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum, have been characterized by various analytical techniques. A variety of fractionation methods have been carried out to separate asphaltenes into multiple subfractions for further investigation, and some of them have important reference significance. The goal of the current review article is to offer insight into the multitudinous analytical techniques and fractionation methods of asphaltene analysis, following an introduction with regard to the morphologies of metals and heteroatoms in asphaltenes, as well their functions on asphaltene aggregation. Learned lessons and suggestions on possible future work conclude the present review article.
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Mironov N, Milordov D, Abilova G, Tazeeva E, Yakubova S, Yakubov M. Preparative-scale purification of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins by sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The practical potential of petroleum porphyrins still remains underestimated because of the absence of satisfactory simple and effective methods for their isolation in pure form. Our work aims to provide a solution for this problem via use of sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica as an unprecedentedly effective adsorbent for deep petroporphyrin purification. Using chromatographic columns of reduced volume (4 cm3), a series of experiments on optimization of chromatographic conditions for silica-based sulfocationite were carried out. As a source of petroleum porphyrins, the primary concentrates of vanadyl porphyrins isolated on silica gel column from DMF extracts of heavy oil asphaltenes have been used. UV-vis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometric methods were employed for vanadyl porphyrin analysis and identification. We established that in a narrow range of water and acid content equal to [Formula: see text]25 and [Formula: see text]15 wt.%, respectively, silica-based sulfocationite becomes able to retain a bulk of polar petroleum components with exception of porphyrins, which thus leave the column first. A preparative-scale purification of vanadyl porphyrins by the sulfocationite-based method was performed for the first time and 18.5 mg of excellently pure product were obtained. Considering the extremely simple preparation and excellent purification performance of our novel sulfocationite, it could greatly facilitate access to high-purity petroleum porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Milordov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Guzalia Abilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Tazeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yakubova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Makhmut Yakubov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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5
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Lim D, Park Y, Chang R, Ahmed A, Kim S. Application of molecular dynamics simulation to improve the theoretical prediction for collisional cross section of aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains in crude oils. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:650-656. [PMID: 30710409 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with finite temperature were performed to improve the theoretical prediction of collisional cross section (CCS) values, especially for aromatic compounds containing long alkyl chains. METHODS In this study, the CCS values of 11 aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains were calculated by MD simulations while considering internal energy at 300, 500, and 700 K, and the results were compared with experimentally determined values. RESULTS The CCS values calculated at higher energies showed better agreement with the experimental values. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as pentacene and benz[b]anthracene were also investigated, and better agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed when higher temperature (or higher internal energy) was considered. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this study show that the internal degrees of freedom of ions must be considered to accurately predict the CCS values of aromatic compounds with a flexible structure measured by ion mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakwoo Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green Nano Center, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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6
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Munoz G, Gunessee BK, Bégué D, Bouyssiere B, Baraille I, Vallverdu G, Santos Silva H. Redox activity of nickel and vanadium porphyrins: a possible mechanism behind petroleum genesis and maturation? RSC Adv 2019; 9:9509-9516. [PMID: 35520708 PMCID: PMC9062163 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of metalloporphyrins in crude oil has been known for many years. In contrast, their role on the physical-chemical properties is only now beginning to be understood. In this study, we test using high-level ab initio calculations, the hypothesis of a possible redox catalytic activity of vanadium and nickel metalloporphyrins in crude oil, illustrated by the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen dissociation, respectively. This process which may take place during petroleum genesis and maturation, explains some of its physical-chemical properties, such as polar chains, the absence of alcohols, the trapping of porphyrins within macromolecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munoz
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - B K Gunessee
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - D Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - B Bouyssiere
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - I Baraille
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - G Vallverdu
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - H Santos Silva
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
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7
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Gutiérrez Sama S, Barrère-Mangote C, Bouyssière B, Giusti P, Lobinski R. Recent trends in element speciation analysis of crude oils and heavy petroleum fractions. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Maryutina TA, Timerbaev AR. Metal speciation analysis of petroleum: Myth or reality? Anal Chim Acta 2017; 991:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Kauppila TJ, Syage JA, Benter T. Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:423-449. [PMID: 25988849 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), which is one of the three most important ionization techniques in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, are reviewed. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of APPI analysis, its combination with different separation techniques, novel instrumental developments - especially in gas chromatography and ambient mass spectrometry - and the applications that have appeared in 2009-2014. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:423-449, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina J Kauppila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland
| | - Jack A Syage
- Morpho Detection, 1251 E. Dyer Rd., Santa Ana, CA 92705, USA
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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10
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Cui Q, Nakabayashi K, Ma X, Ideta K, Miyawaki J, Marafi AMJ, Al-Mutairi A, Park JI, Yoon SH, Mochida I. Examining the molecular entanglement between VO complexes and their matrices in atmospheric residues by ESR. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The VO complexes in atmospheric residues, their maltene, resin and asphaltene fractions have been investigated using ESR to examine the effects of the surrounding matrixes on the electron structure and mobility of the VO ion at various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Cui
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- Petroleum Research Center
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | - Keiko Ideta
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Jin Miyawaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | | | - Adel Al-Mutairi
- Petroleum Research Center
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | - Joo-Il Park
- Petroleum Research Center
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | - Seong-Ho Yoon
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Isao Mochida
- Kyushu Environmental Evaluation Association
- Japan
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11
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12
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Yu X, Burnham NA, Tao M. Surface microstructure of bitumen characterized by atomic force microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 218:17-33. [PMID: 25678270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bitumen, also called asphalt binder, plays important roles in many industrial applications. It is used as the primary binding agent in asphalt concrete, as a key component in damping systems such as rubber, and as an indispensable additive in paint and ink. Consisting of a large number of hydrocarbons of different sizes and polarities, together with heteroatoms and traces of metals, bitumen displays rich surface microstructures that affect its rheological properties. This paper reviews the current understanding of bitumen's surface microstructures characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Microstructures of bitumen develop to different forms depending on crude oil source, thermal history, and sample preparation method. While some bitumens display surface microstructures with fine domains, flake-like domains, and dendrite structuring, 'bee-structures' with wavy patterns several micrometers in diameter and tens of nanometers in height are commonly seen in other binders. Controversy exists regarding the chemical origin of the 'bee-structures', which has been related to the asphaltene fraction, the metal content, or the crystallizing waxes in bitumen. The rich chemistry of bitumen can result in complicated intermolecular associations such as coprecipitation of wax and metalloporphyrins in asphaltenes. Therefore, it is the molecular interactions among the different chemical components in bitumen, rather than a single chemical fraction, that are responsible for the evolution of bitumen's diverse microstructures, including the 'bee-structures'. Mechanisms such as curvature elasticity and surface wrinkling that explain the rippled structures observed in polymer crystals might be responsible for the formation of 'bee-structures' in bitumen. Despite the progress made on morphological characterization of bitumen using AFM, the fundamental question whether the microstructures observed on bitumen surfaces represent its bulk structure remains to be addressed. In addition, critical technical challenges associated with AFM characterization of bitumen surface structures are discussed, with possible solutions recommended. For future work, combining AFM with other chemical analysis tools that can generate comparable high resolution to AFM would provide an avenue to linking bitumen's chemistry to its microscopic morphological and mechanical properties and consequently benefit the efforts of developing structure-related models for bituminous materials across the different length scales.
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13
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Cho Y, Ahmed A, Islam A, Kim S. Developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:248-263. [PMID: 24942384 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing importance of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source, there is a growing need for petroleomics: the pursuit of more complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions of crude oil. Crude oil has an extremely complex nature; hence, techniques with ultra-high resolving capabilities, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are necessary. FT-ICR MS has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils such as bitumen and shale oil. However, the analysis of crude oil with FT-ICR MS is not trivial, and it has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities. For example, high-resolution mass spectra of crude oils may contain over 100,000 peaks that require interpretation. To visualize large data sets more effectively, data processing methods such as Kendrick mass defect analysis and statistical analyses have been developed. The successful application of FT-ICR MS to the study of crude oil has been critically dependent on key developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation and data processing methods. This review offers an introduction to the basic principles, FT-ICR MS instrumentation development, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics and is intended for readers having no prior experience in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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14
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Zhao X, Xu C, Shi Q. Porphyrins in Heavy Petroleums: A Review. STRUCTURE AND MODELING OF COMPLEX PETROLEUM MIXTURES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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15
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Putman JC, Rowland SM, Corilo YE, McKenna AM. Chromatographic Enrichment and Subsequent Separation of Nickel and Vanadyl Porphyrins from Natural Seeps and Molecular Characterization by Positive Electrospray Ionization FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10708-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502672b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Rowland
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftain Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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16
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Hegazi AH, Fathalla EM, Andersson JT. Weathering trend characterization of medium-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic disulfur heterocycles by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:266-271. [PMID: 24997927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Different weathering factors act to change petroleum composition once it is spilled into the environment. n-Alkanes, biomarkers, low-molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur heterocycles compositional changing in the environment have been extensively studied by different researchers and many parameters have been used for oil source identification and monitoring of weathering and biological degradation processes. In this work, we studied the fate of medium-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic disulfur heterocycles (PAS2Hs), up to ca. 900Da, of artificially weathered Flotta North Sea crude oil by ultra high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. It was found that PAS2Hs in studied crude oil having double bond equivalents (DBE) from 5 to 8 with a mass range from ca 316 to 582Da were less influenced even after six months artificial weathering experiment. However, compounds having DBEs 12, 11 and 10 were depleted after two, four and six months weathering, respectively. In addition, DBE 9 series was more susceptible to weathering than those of DBE 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman H Hegazi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eiman M Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan T Andersson
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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Zhao X, Shi Q, Gray MR, Xu C. New vanadium compounds in Venezuela heavy crude oil detected by positive-ion electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5373. [PMID: 24948028 PMCID: PMC4064336 DOI: 10.1038/srep05373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are ubiquitous in nature, particularly iron porphyrins (hemes) and magnesium dihydroporphyrins or chlorophylls. Oxovanadium (IV) complexes of alkyl porphyrins are widely distributed in petroleum, oil shales and maturing sedimentary bitumen. Here we identify new vanadium compounds in Venezuela Orinoco heavy crude oil detected by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). These compounds likely have the main structure of porphyrin, with the addition of more aromatic rings, thiophene and amino functional groups, corresponding to molecular series of C(n)H(2n-40)N(4)V(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 58),C(n)H(2n-42)N(4)V(1)O(1) (37 ≤ n ≤ 57),C(n)H(2n-44)N(4)V(1)O(1) (38 ≤ n ≤ 59),C(n)H(2n-46)N(4)V(1)O(1) (43 ≤ n ≤ 54),C(n)H(2n-48)N(4)V(1)O(1) (45 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-38)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 41),C(n)H(2n-40)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (35 ≤ n ≤ 51),C(n)H(2n-42)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 54),C(n)H(2n-44)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (41 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-46)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (39 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-27)N(5)V(1)O(1) (29 ≤ n ≤ 40),C(n)H(2n-29)N(5)V(1)O(1) (34 ≤ n ≤ 42),C(n)H(2n-33)N(5)V(1)O(1) (31 ≤ n ≤ 38),C(n)H(2n-35)N(5)V(1)O(1) (32 ≤ n ≤ 41),C(n)H(2n-27)N(5)V(1)O(2) (32 ≤ n ≤ 41) and C(n)H(2n-29)N(5)V(1)O(2) (33 ≤ n ≤ 42). These findings are significant for the understanding of the existing form of vanadium species in nature, and are helpful for enhancing the amount of information on palaeoenvironments and improving the level of applied basic theory for the processing technologies of heavy oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249
| | - Murray R Gray
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249
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18
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Jiang B, Liang Y, Xu C, Zhang J, Hu M, Shi Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient aerosols from Beijing: characterization of low volatile PAHs by positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4716-23. [PMID: 24702199 DOI: 10.1021/es405295p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic fractions derived from aerosol samples were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high temperature simulated distillation (SIMDIS), and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively. It was found that about 27 wt % compounds in aromatic fractions could not be eluted from a GC column and some large molecule PAHs were neglected in GC-MS analysis. APPI FT-ICR MS was proven to be a powerful approach for characterizing the molecular composition of aromatics, especially for the large molecular species. An aromatic sample from Beijing urban aerosol was successfully characterized by APPI FT-ICR MS. Results showed that most abundant aromatic compounds in PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) were highly condensed hydrocarbons with 4-8 aromatic rings and their homologues with very short alkyl chains. Furthermore, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbons were found as the significant components of the aromatic fractions: O1, O2, N1, and S1 class species with 10-28 DBEs (double bond equivalents) and 14-38 carbon numbers were identified by APPI FT-ICR MS. The heteroatom PAHs had similar DBEs and carbon number distribution as regular PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ahmed A, Cho Y, Giles K, Riches E, Lee JW, Kim HI, Choi CH, Kim S. Elucidating Molecular Structures of Nonalkylated and Short-Chain Alkyl (n < 5, (CH2)n) Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oils by a Combination of Ion Mobility and Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometries and Theoretical Collisional Cross-Section Calculations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3300-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Wha Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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20
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Swider P, Lewtak JP, Gryko DT, Danikiewicz W. Comparison of the sensitivity of mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure ionization techniques in the analysis of porphyrinoids. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1116-1124. [PMID: 24130015 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The porphyrinoids chemistry is greatly dependent on the data obtained in mass spectrometry. For this reason, it is essential to determine the range of applicability of mass spectrometry ionization methods. In this study, the sensitivity of three different atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization, was tested for several porphyrinods and their metallocomplexes. Electrospray ionization method was shown to be the best ionization technique because of its high sensitivity for derivatives of cyanocobalamin, free-base corroles and porphyrins. In the case of metallocorroles and metalloporphyrins, atmospheric pressure photoionization with dopant proved to be the most sensitive ionization method. It was also shown that for relatively acidic compounds, particularly for corroles, the negative ion mode provides better sensitivity than the positive ion mode. The results supply a lot of relevant information on the methodology of porphyrinoids analysis carried out by mass spectrometry. The information can be useful in designing future MS or liquid chromatography-MS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Swider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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McKenna AM, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Savory JJ, Kaiser NK, Fitzsimmons JE, Marshall AG, Rodgers RP. Expansion of the analytical window for oil spill characterization by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry: beyond gas chromatography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7530-7539. [PMID: 23692145 DOI: 10.1021/es305284t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional tools for routine environmental analysis and forensic chemistry of petroleum have relied almost exclusively on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), although many compounds in crude oil (and its transformation products) are not chromatographically separated or amenable to GC-MS due to volatility. To enhance current and future studies on the fate, transport, and fingerprinting of the Macondo well oil released from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, we created an extensive molecular library of the unadulterated petroleum to compare to a tar ball collected on the beach of Louisiana. We apply ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry to identify compositional changes at the molecular level between native and weathered crude oil samples and reveal enrichment in polar compounds inaccessible by GC-based characterization. The outlined approach provides unprecedented detail with the potential to enhance insight into the environmental fate of spilled oil, improved toxicology, molecular modeling of biotic/abiotic weathering, and comprehensive molecular characterization for petroleum-derived releases. Here, we characterize more than 30,000 acidic, basic, and nonpolar unique neutral elemental compositions for the Macondo well crude oil, to provide an archive for future chemical analyses of the environmental consequences of the oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States.
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22
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Hegazi AH, Fathalla EM, Panda SK, Schrader W, Andersson JT. High-molecular weight sulfur-containing aromatics refractory to weathering as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:205-212. [PMID: 22560701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers and low-molecular weight polyaromatic compounds have been extensively studied for their fate in the environment. They are used for oil spill source identification and monitoring of weathering and degradation processes. However, in some cases, the absence or presence of very low concentration of such components restricts the access of information to spill source. Here we followed the resistance of high-molecular weight sulfur-containing aromatics to the simulated weathering condition of North Sea crude oil by ultra high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The sulfur aromatics in North Sea crude having double bond equivalents (DBE) from 6 to 14 with a mass range 188-674Da were less influenced even after 6 months artificial weathering. Moreover, the ratio of dibenzothiophenes (DBE 9)/naphthenodibenzothiophenes (DBE 10) was 1.30 and 1.36 in crude oil and 6 months weathered sample, respectively reflecting its weathering stability. It also showed some differences within other oils. Hence, this ratio can be used as a marker of the studied crude and accordingly may be applied for spilled oil source identification in such instances where the light components have already been lost due to environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman H Hegazi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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23
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Qian K, Edwards KE, Mennito AS, Freund H, Saeger RB, Hickey KJ, Francisco MA, Yung C, Chawla B, Wu C, Kushnerick JD, Olmstead WN. Determination of Structural Building Blocks in Heavy Petroleum Systems by Collision-Induced Dissociation Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4544-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300544s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuangnan Qian
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Edwards
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Anthony S. Mennito
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Howard Freund
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Roland B. Saeger
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Karl J. Hickey
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Manny A. Francisco
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Cathleen Yung
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Birbal Chawla
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Chunping Wu
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - J. Douglas Kushnerick
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - William N. Olmstead
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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25
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Liu P, Xu C, Shi Q, Pan N, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chung KH. Characterization of Sulfide Compounds in Petroleum: Selective Oxidation Followed by Positive-Ion Electrospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6601-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1010553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Na Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suoqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keng H. Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China, and Well Resources Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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