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Abstract
Metabolomics aims to profile the extensive array of metabolites that exists in different types of matrices using modern analytical techniques. These techniques help to separate, identify, and quantify the plethora of chemical compounds at various analytical platforms. Hence, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has emerged as an advanced analytical approach, exclusively owing to the 3D separation of metabolites and their isomers. Furthermore, separated metabolites are identified based on their mass fragmentation pattern and CCS (collision cross-section) values. The IMS provides an advanced alternative dimension to separate the isomeric metabolites with enhanced throughput with lesser chemical noise. Thus, the present review highlights the types, factors affecting the resolution, and applications of IMMS (Ion mobility mass spectrometry) for isomeric separations, and ionic contaminants in the plant samples. Furthermore, an overview of IMS-based applications for the identification of plant metabolites (volatile and non-volatile) over the last few decades has been discussed, followed by future assumptions for creating IM-based databases. Such approaches could be significant to accelerate and improve our knowledge of the vast chemical diversity found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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2
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Li J, Li L, Gao W, Shi S, Yu J, Tang K. Two-Dimensional FAIMS-IMS Characterization of Peptide Conformers with Resolution Exceeding 1000. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6363-6370. [PMID: 35412805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)-IMS-MS platform was developed and applied to explore the conformational diversity of the singly and doubly charged bradykinin (BK + H+)+ and (BK + 2H+)2+ ions. With pure N2 as the FAIMS carrier gas, more than ten conformers of (BK + H+)+ can be resolved using FAIMS-IMS, as compared to only four conformers resolved using either FAIMS or IMS alone. Interestingly, multiple conformers of (BK + H+)+ were found to have completely different values of FAIMS compensation voltage (CV), while their IMS drift times were essentially the same, which were also proven experimentally to not result from the structural annealing by the collisional heating in the ion funnel. The separations in the FAIMS and IMS dimensions are substantially orthogonal, and the overall resolving power of two-dimensional FAIMS-IMS separation is largely proportional to the product of the separation resolving powers of FAIMS and IMS. Using a gas mixture of N2/He to further improve the resolving power of the FAIMS separation, the total resolving powers of the combined FAIMS and IMS separation were estimated to be about 1020 and 1400 for (BK + H+)+ and (BK + 2H+)2+ ions, respectively, which are significantly higher than the resolving power of any ion mobility-based separation techniques demonstrated so far. The combined FAIMS-IMS can thus be a much more powerful technique to explore the structural diversity of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.,School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.,School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shoudong Shi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.,School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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3
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Kabir KMM, Ahmed E, Donald WA. An atmospheric pressure ion funnel with a slit entrance for enhancing signal and resolution in high resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:870-879. [PMID: 35136893 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01942b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differential ion mobility (DMS) is a versatile ion separation method that is often integrated with mass spectrometry (MS). In DMS, extremely high electric fields are used such that ion mobility depends non-linearly on electric field and thus, ion separations can be more orthogonal to MS than lower field ion mobility-based methods. DMS can have sufficiently high resolution to be used for enantiomer analysis of small molecules and to separate protein ions with peak widths comparable to those obtained for peptides. However, the performance of high resolution DMS-MS can be limited owing to the substantial loss of ions (>10-fold) that can occur upon their transfer from atmospheric pressure (where DMS separation typically occurs) to vacuum through a narrow conductance limited inlet (e.g. capillary) to the MS. Here, results from simulated ion trajectory simulations suggest that in high resolution DMS most ions can be lost by 'crashing' onto the narrow capillary inlet after exiting the DMS separation channel. To enhance DMS sensitivity and resolving power, an integrated DMS-MS interface concept is reported that consists of a slit electrode and a 12-electrode atmospheric pressure ion funnel (APIF). By using an APIF with slit entrance, the simulated ion transmission efficiencies increase by up to 257% for singly charged ions ([DMMP + H]+, [tryptophan + H]+, and [(2-dodecanone)2 + H]+) and by 209% for [ubiquitin + 12H]12+, without compromising resolving power. The use of APIF improves the ion focussing from the DMS exit to the MS capillary to improve sensitivity, and the slit ensures that ion dispersion in the analytically relevant direction perpendicular to the DMS electrodes is restricted to enhance resolution. By narrowing the slit of the DMS-Slit-APIF interface, the DMS resolving power can be increased further by at least 20%. Overall, these results indicate that the integrated DMS-Slit-APIF interface is promising for improving the sensitivity and resolution for many different types of DMS-MS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ezaz Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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4
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Li H, Du X, Zeng H, Huang J, Li M, Chen Z, Xiao W. Helium-assisted enhanced discharge in a hollow needle for high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2855-2866. [PMID: 33666712 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A carrier gas mixture of nitrogen and helium has been employed to improve the resolving power at the expense of sensitivity for planar high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) in previous work. In this paper, a new hollow needle-to-ring ion source was developed, where the helium and nitrogen enter from the hollow needle and ring, respectively. It was found that the signal strengths of acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate increased by 8.5, 2.0, and 3.3 times for helium ratios of 20%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. At the same time, the absolute value of compensation voltage and the number of ion peaks increases. It shows that adding an appropriate helium ratio to nitrogen simultaneously improved the sensitivity and resolving power of planar FAIMS, which is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongda Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jienan Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Minglei Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxiang Xiao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
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5
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Berthias F, Baird MA, Shvartsburg AA. Differential Ion Mobility Separations of d/l Peptide Epimers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4015-4022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Berthias
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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6
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Ross DH, Xu L. Determination of drugs and drug metabolites by ion mobility-mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338270. [PMID: 33736803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has gained increased applications in the characterization and identification of drugs and drug metabolites, largely owning to the complementary separation of analyte ions based on their gas-phase size and shape in the IM dimension in addition to their mass-to-charge ratios. In this review, we discuss recent advances in such applications. We first introduce various types of IM techniques, focusing on those that allow the measurement of collision cross section (CCS), the physical property of an ion that reflects its gas-phase size and shape. Next, we discuss the IM-MS landscape of the large chemical space of drugs and multimodal distributions of certain drugs in IM separation due to the presence of protomers. We then review drug metabolism reactions and discuss the application of IM-MS in separation and identification of isomeric drug metabolites. Subsequently, we discuss various approaches to generate theoretical and predicted CCS data, including theory-based calculation methods and data-driven prediction models, and currently available resources on these approaches. Finally, current limitations and future directions of application of IM-MS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959, NE Pacific Street, HSB H-172, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959, NE Pacific Street, HSB H-172, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Pathak P, Baird MA, Shvartsburg AA. High-Resolution Ion Mobility Separations of Isomeric Glycoforms with Variations on the Peptide and Glycan Levels. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1603-1609. [PMID: 32501708 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) that strongly affects the protein folding and function. Glycosylation patterns are impacted by many diseases, making promising biomarkers. Glycans are also the most complex PTMs, exhibiting isomers (linkage, anomers, and those with isomeric moieties). Permuted with localization variants that occur for all PTMs, these produce numerous isomeric glycoforms. Characterizing them by mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been a challenge. High-definition differential IMS (FAIMS) had robustly disentangled isomeric peptides involving other PTMs but was not evaluated for glycopeptides that featured multilevel isomerism. Here, we apply it to representative mucin glycopeptides with O-linked glycans: three GalNAc localization variants, a pair with α/β GalNAc anomers, and another with GalNAc/GlcNAc isomers. The first two classes were separated baseline with the resolution exceeding previous benchmarks by 10-fold, and the last pair was partly resolved. The recently demonstrated straightforward coupling to ultrahigh-resolution MS and electron-transfer dissociation makes high-definition FAIMS an attractive tool for glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Matthew A Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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8
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Hale OJ, Illes-Toth E, Mize TH, Cooper HJ. High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Native Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Intact Protein Assemblies and Protein Complexes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6811-6816. [PMID: 32343119 PMCID: PMC7304667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
High-field asymmetric
waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)
enables the separation of ions on the basis of their differential
mobility in an asymmetric oscillating electric field. We, and others,
have previously demonstrated the benefits of FAIMS for the analysis
of peptides and denatured proteins. To date, FAIMS has not been integrated
with native mass spectrometry of folded proteins and protein complexes,
largely due to concerns over the heating effects associated with the
high electric fields employed. Here, we demonstrate the newly introduced
cylindrical FAIMS Pro device coupled with an Orbitrap Eclipse enables
analysis of intact protein assemblies up to 147 kDa. No evidence for
dissociation was detected suggesting that any field heating is insufficient
to disrupt the noncovalent interactions governing these assemblies.
Moreover, the FAIMS device was integrated into native liquid extraction
surface analysis (LESA) MS of protein assemblies directly from thin
tissue sections. Intact tetrameric hemoglobin (64 kDa) and trimeric
reactive intermediate deiminase A (RidA, 43 kDa) were detected. Improvements
in signal-to-noise of between 1.5× and 12× were observed
for these protein assemblies on integration of FAIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hale
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eva Illes-Toth
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Todd H Mize
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
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9
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Wei MS, Kemperman RHJ, Palumbo MA, Yost RA. Separation of Structurally Similar Anabolic Steroids as Cation Adducts in FAIMS-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:355-365. [PMID: 32031405 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids have been developed not only to dodge current antidoping tests at the professional sports level, but also for consumption by noncompetitive bodybuilders. These novel anabolic steroids are commonly referred to as "designer steroids" and pose a significant risk to users because of the lack of testing for toxicity and safety in animals or humans. Manufacturers of designer steroids dodge regulation by distributing them as nutritional or dietary supplements. Improving the throughput and accuracy of screening tests would help regulators to stay on top of illicit anabolic steroids. High-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) utilizes an alternating asymmetric electric field to separate ions by their different mobilities at high- and low-fields as they travel through the separation space. When coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), FAIMS enhances the separation of analytes from other interfering compounds with little to no increase in analysis time. Here we investigate the effects of adding various cation species to sample solutions for the separation of structurally similar or isomeric anabolic androgenic steroids. FAIMS-MS spectra for these cation-modified samples show an increased number of compensation field (CF) peaks, some of which are confirmed to be unique for one steroid isomer over another. The CF peaks observed upon addition of cation species correspond to both monomer steroid-cation adduct ions and larger multimer ion complexes. Notably, the number of CF peaks and their CF shifts do not appear to have a straightforward relationship with cation size or electronegativity. Future directions aim at investigating the structures for these analyte-cation adduct ions for building a predictive model for their FAIMS separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Robin H J Kemperman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Michelle A Palumbo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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10
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Berthias F, Wang Y, Alhajji E, Rieul B, Moussa F, Benoist JF, Maître P. Identification and quantification of amino acids and related compounds based on Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:4889-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new metabolite descriptor allowing fast quantification for the diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Berthias
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Yali Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Eskander Alhajji
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Bernard Rieul
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Lipides
- Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques
- Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
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11
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Ahmed E, Mohibul Kabir K, Wang H, Xiao D, Fletcher J, Donald WA. Rapid separation of isomeric perfluoroalkyl substances by high-resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1058:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wei MS, Kemperman RHJ, Yost RA. Effects of Solvent Vapor Modifiers for the Separation of Opioid Isomers in Micromachined FAIMS-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:731-742. [PMID: 30877655 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is an escalating problem that is compounded by the introduction of synthetic opiate analogues such as fentanyl. Screening methods for these compound classes are challenged by the availability of synthetically manufactured analogues, including isomers of existing substances. High-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) utilizes an alternating asymmetric electric field to separate ions by their different mobilities at high and low fields as they travel through the separation space. When coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), FAIMS enhances the separation of analytes from other interfering compounds with little to no increase in analysis time. Addition of solvent vapor into the FAIMS carrier gas has been demonstrated to enable and improve the separation of isomers. Here we investigate the effects of several solvents for the separation of four opioids. FAIMS-MS spectra with added solvent vapors show dramatic compensation field (CF) shifts for opioid [M+H]+ ions when compared to spectra acquired using dry nitrogen. Addition of vapor from aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile and acetone, produces significantly improved resolution between the tested opioids, with baseline resolution achieved between certain opioid isomers. For protic solvents, notable CF shift differences were observed in FAIMS separations between addition of water vapor and vapors from small alcohols. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robin H J Kemperman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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13
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Baird MA, Shliaha PV, Anderson GA, Moskovets E, Laiko V, Makarov AA, Jensen ON, Shvartsburg AA. High-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Separations/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry without Buffer Gas Limitations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6918-6925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Pavel V. Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAACE, 101904 Wiser Parkway Suite 105, Kennewick, Washington 99338, United States
| | - Eugene Moskovets
- MassTech Inc., 6992 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Victor Laiko
- MassTech Inc., 6992 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath Strasse 11, Bremen 28199, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utrecht, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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14
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Kirk AT, Bohnhorst A, Raddatz CR, Allers M, Zimmermann S. Ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-current instrumentation, limitations, and future developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6229-6246. [PMID: 30957205 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in ionization sources and instrumentation, ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) have transformed from a detector for chemical warfare agents and explosives to a widely used tool in analytical and bioanalytical applications. This increasing measurement task complexity requires higher and higher analytical performance and especially ultra-high resolution. In this review, we will discuss the currently used ion mobility spectrometers able to reach such ultra-high resolution, defined here as a resolving power greater than 200. These instruments are drift tube IMS, traveling wave IMS, trapped IMS, and field asymmetric or differential IMS. The basic operating principles and the resulting effects of experimental parameters on resolving power are explained and compared between the different instruments. This allows understanding the current limitations of resolving power and how ion mobility spectrometers may progress in the future. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bohnhorst
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian-Robert Raddatz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Allers
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Baird MA, Anderson GA, Shliaha PV, Jensen ON, Shvartsburg AA. Differential Ion Mobility Separations/Mass Spectrometry with High Resolution in Both Dimensions. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1479-1485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAACE, 101904 Wiser Parkway Ste 105, Kennewick, Washington 99338, United States
| | - Pavel V. Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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16
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Metal-ion free chiral analysis of amino acids as small as proline using high-definition differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Pathak P, Baird MA, Shvartsburg AA. Identification of Isomers by Multidimensional Isotopic Shifts in High-Field Ion Mobility Spectra. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9410-9417. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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18
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Kaszycki JL, Baird MA, Shvartsburg AA. Molecular Structure Characterization by Isotopic Splitting in Nonlinear Ion Mobility Spectra. Anal Chem 2017; 90:669-673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Kaszycki
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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19
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Microscale differential ion mobility spectrometry for field deployable chemical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Shvartsburg AA, Haris A, Andrzejewski R, Entwistle A, Giles R. Differential Ion Mobility Separations in the Low-Pressure Regime. Anal Chem 2017; 90:936-943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Anisha Haris
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, United Kingdom
| | - Roch Andrzejewski
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Entwistle
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Giles
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, United Kingdom
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21
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The potential of Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for high-throughput and high-resolution lipidomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 42:42-50. [PMID: 29145156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a large and highly diverse family of biomolecules, which play essential structural, storage and signalling roles in cells and tissues. Although traditional mass spectrometry (MS) approaches used in lipidomics are highly sensitive and selective, lipid analysis remains challenging due to the chemical diversity of lipid structures, multiple isobaric species and incomplete separation using many forms of chromatography. Ion mobility (IM) separates ions in the gas phase based on their physicochemical properties. Addition of IM to the traditional lipidomic workflow both enhances separation of complex lipid mixtures, beneficial for lipid identification, and improves isomer resolution. Herein, we discuss the recent developments in IM-MS for lipidomics.
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22
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Santiago BG, Campbell MT, Glish GL. Variables Affecting the Internal Energy of Peptide Ions During Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2160-2169. [PMID: 28653242 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) devices separate ions on the basis of differences in ion mobility in low and high electric fields, and can be used as a stand-alone analytical method or as a separation step before further analysis. As with other ion mobility separation techniques, the ability of DIMS separations to retain the structural characteristics of analytes has been of concern. For DIMS separations, this potential loss of ion structure originates from the fact that the separations occur at atmospheric pressure and the ions, during their transit through the device, undergo repeated collisions with the DIMS carrier gas while being accelerated by the electric field. These collisions have the ability to increase the internal energy distribution of the ions, which can cause isomerization or fragmentation. The increase in internal energy of the ions is based on a number of variables, including the dispersion field and characteristics of the carrier gas such as temperature and composition. The effects of these parameters on the intra-DIMS fragmentation of multiply charged ions of the peptides bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR) and GLISH are discussed herein. Furthermore, similarities and differences in the internal energy deposition that occur during collisional activation in tandem mass spectrometry experiments are discussed, as the fragmentation pathways accessed by both are similar. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Matthew T Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry, Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA.
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23
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Bowman AP, Abzalimov RR, Shvartsburg AA. Broad Separation of Isomeric Lipids by High-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1552-1561. [PMID: 28462493 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of metabolomics has brought a deeper appreciation for the importance of isomeric identity of lipids to their biological role, mirroring that for proteoforms in proteomics. However, full characterization of the lipid isomerism has been thwarted by paucity of rapid and effective analytical tools. A novel approach is ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and particularly differential or field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) at high electric fields, which is more orthogonal to mass spectrometry. Here we broadly explore the power of FAIMS to separate lipid isomers, and find a ~75% success rate across the four major types of glycero- and phospho- lipids (sn, chain length, double bond position, and cis/trans). The resolved isomers were identified using standards, and (for the first two types) tandem mass spectrometry. These results demonstrate the general merit of incorporating high-resolution FAIMS into lipidomic analyses. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
| | - Rinat R Abzalimov
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
- City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
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24
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Campbell JL, Baba T, Liu C, Lane CS, Le Blanc JCY, Hager JW. Analyzing Glycopeptide Isomers by Combining Differential Mobility Spectrometry with Electron- and Collision-Based Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1374-1381. [PMID: 28432653 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has been employed to separate isomeric species in several studies. Under the right conditions, factors such as separation voltage, temperature, the presence of chemical modifiers, and residence time can combine to provide unique signal channels for isomeric species. In this study, we examined a set of glycopeptide isomers, MUC5AC-3 and MUC5AC-13, which bear an N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) group on either threonine-3 or threonine-13. When analyzed as a mixture, the resulting MS and MS/MS spectra yield fragmentation patterns that cannot discern these convolved species. However, when DMS is implemented during the analysis of this mixture, two features emerge in the DMS ionogram representing the two glycopeptide isomers. In addition, by locking in DMS parameters at each feature, we could observe several low intensity CID fragments that contain the GalNAc functionality-specific amino acid residues - identifying the DMS separation of each isomer without standards. Besides conventional CID MS/MS, we also implemented electron-capture dissociation (ECD) after DMS separation, and clearly resolved both isomers with this fragmentation method, as well. The electron energy used in these ECD experiments could be tuned to obtain maximum sequence coverage for these glycopeptides; this was critical as these ions were present as doubly protonated species, which are much more difficult to fragment efficiently via electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). Overall, the combination of DMS with electron- or collision-based MS/MS methods provided enhanced separation and sequence coverage for these glycopeptide isomers. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Baba
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - James W Hager
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
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25
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Shliaha PV, Baird MA, Nielsen MM, Gorshkov V, Bowman AP, Kaszycki JL, Jensen ON, Shvartsburg AA. Characterization of Complete Histone Tail Proteoforms Using Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5461-5466. [PMID: 28406606 PMCID: PMC5436587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins are subject to dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) that cooperatively modulate the chromatin structure and function. Nearly all functional PTMs are found on the N-terminal histone domains (tails) of ∼50 residues protruding from the nucleosome core. Using high-definition differential ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with electron transfer dissociation, we demonstrate rapid baseline gas-phase separation and identification of tails involving monomethylation, trimethylation, acetylation, or phosphorylation in biologically relevant positions. These are by far the largest variant peptides resolved by any method, some with PTM contributing just 0.25% to the mass. This opens the door to similar separations for intact proteins and in top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, and Center for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Matthew A Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University , 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Mogens M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, and Center for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, and Center for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University , 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Julia L Kaszycki
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University , 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, and Center for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University , 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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26
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Deng L, Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Hamid AM, Zheng X, Norheim RV, Prost SA, Anderson GA, Sandoval JA, Baker ES, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Serpentine Ultralong Path with Extended Routing (SUPER) High Resolution Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-MS using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4628-4634. [PMID: 28332832 PMCID: PMC5627996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) separations have a broad range of analytical applications, but insufficient resolution often limits their utility. Here, we report on ion mobility separations in a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) traveling wave (TW) ion mobility (IM) module in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). Ions were confined in the SLIM by rf fields in conjunction with a DC guard bias, enabling essentially lossless TW transmission over greatly extended paths. The extended routing utilized multiple passes (e.g., ∼1094 m over 81 passes through the 13.5 m serpentine path) and was facilitated by the introduction of a lossless ion switch that allowed ions to be directed to either the MS detector or for another pass through the serpentine separation region, allowing theoretically unlimited IM path lengths. The multipass SUPER IM-MS provided resolution approximately proportional to the square root of the number of passes (or total path length). More than 30-fold higher IM resolution (∼340 vs ∼10) for Agilent tuning mix m/z 622 and 922 ions was achieved for 40 passes compared to commercially available drift tube IM and other TWIM-based platforms. An initial evaluation of the isomeric sugars lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neohexaose showed the isomeric structures to be baseline resolved, and a new conformational feature for lacto-N-neohexaose was revealed after 9 passes. The new SLIM SUPER high resolution TWIM platform has broad utility in conjunction with MS and is expected to enable a broad range of previously challenging or intractable separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A. Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A. Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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27
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Baird MA, Shvartsburg AA. Localization of Post-Translational Modifications in Peptide Mixtures via High-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Separations Followed by Electron Transfer Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:2064-2070. [PMID: 27644938 PMCID: PMC7063994 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise localization of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins and peptides is an outstanding challenge in proteomics. While electron transfer dissociation (ETD) has dramatically advanced PTM analyses, mixtures of localization variants that commonly coexist in cells often require prior separation. Although differential or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) achieves broad variant resolution, the need for standards to identify the features has limited the utility of approach. Here we demonstrate full a priori characterization of variant mixtures by high-resolution FAIMS coupled to ETD and the procedures to systematically extract the FAIMS spectra for all variants from such data. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0051, USA
| | - Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0051, USA.
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28
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Chen PS, Chen SH, Chen JH, Haung WY, Liu HT, Kong PH, Yang OHY. Modifier-assisted differential mobility–tandem mass spectrometry method for detection and quantification of amphetamine-type stimulants in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 946:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Schneider BB, Nazarov EG, Londry F, Vouros P, Covey TR. Differential mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry history, theory, design optimization, simulations, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:687-737. [PMID: 25962527 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review of differential mobility spectrometry focuses primarily on mass spectrometry coupling, starting with the history of the development of this technique in the Soviet Union. Fundamental principles of the separation process are covered, in addition to efforts related to design optimization and advancements in computer simulations. The flexibility of differential mobility spectrometry design features is explored in detail, particularly with regards to separation capability, speed, and ion transmission. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:687-737, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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30
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Wang Y, Wang X, Li L, Chen C, Xu T, Wang T, Luo J. High pressure effects in high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1914-1922. [PMID: 27476664 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) is an analytical technique based on the principle of non-linear electric field dependence of coefficient of mobility of ions for separation that was originally conceived in the Soviet Union in the early 1980s. Being well developed over the past decades, FAIMS has become an efficient method for the separation and characterization of gas-phase ions at ambient pressure, often in air, to detect trace amounts of chemical species including explosives, toxic chemicals, chemical warfare agents and other compounds. However the resolution of FAIMS and ion separation capability need to be improved for more applications of the technique. METHODS The effects of above-ambient pressure varying from 1 to 3 atm on peak position, resolving power, peak width, and peak intensity are investigated theoretically and experimentally using micro-fabricated planar FAIMS in purified air. RESULTS Peak positions, varying with pressure in a way as a function of dispersion voltage, could be simplified by expressing both compensation and dispersion fields in Townsend units for E/N, the ratio of electric field intensity (E) to the gas number density (N). CONCLUSIONS It is demonstrated that ion Townsend-scale peak positions remain unchanged for a range of pressures investigated, implying that the higher the pressure is, stronger compensation and separation fields are needed within limits of air breakdown field. Increase in pressure is found to separate ions that could not be distinguished in ambient pressure, which could be interpreted as the differentials of ions' peak compensation voltage expanded wider than the dilation of peak widths leading to resolving power enhancement with pressure. Increase in pressure can also result in an increase in peak intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghuan Wang
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lingfen Li
- Suzhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianbai Xu
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jikui Luo
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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31
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Gray C, Thomas B, Upton R, Migas L, Eyers C, Barran P, Flitsch S. Applications of ion mobility mass spectrometry for high throughput, high resolution glycan analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1688-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Kaszycki JL, Bowman AP, Shvartsburg AA. Ion Mobility Separation of Peptide Isotopomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:795-9. [PMID: 26944281 PMCID: PMC5030822 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Differential or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) operating at high electric fields fully resolves isotopic isomers for a peptide with labeled residues. The naturally present isotopes, alone and together with targeted labels, also cause spectral shifts that approximately add for multiple heavy atoms. Separation qualitatively depends on the gas composition. These findings may enable novel strategies in proteomic and metabolomic analyses using stable isotope labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Kaszycki
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0051, USA
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0051, USA
| | - Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0051, USA.
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33
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Cooper HJ. To What Extent is FAIMS Beneficial in the Analysis of Proteins? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:566-77. [PMID: 26843211 PMCID: PMC4792363 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), also known as differential ion mobility spectrometry, is emerging as a tool for biomolecular analysis. In this article, the benefits and limitations of FAIMS for protein analysis are discussed. The principles and mechanisms of FAIMS separation of ions are described, and the differences between FAIMS and conventional ion mobility spectrometry are detailed. Protein analysis is considered from both the top-down (intact proteins) and the bottom-up (proteolytic peptides) perspective. The roles of FAIMS in the analysis of complex mixtures of multiple intact proteins and in the analysis of multiple conformers of a single protein are assessed. Similarly, the application of FAIMS in proteomics and targeted analysis of peptides are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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34
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Swearingen KE, Winget JM, Hoopmann MR, Kusebauch U, Moritz RL. Decreased Gap Width in a Cylindrical High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Device Improves Protein Discovery. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12230-7. [PMID: 26560994 PMCID: PMC4777518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is an atmospheric pressure ion mobility technique that separates gas phase ions according to their characteristic dependence of ion mobility on electric field strength. FAIMS can be implemented as a means of automated gas-phase fractionation in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) experiments. We modified a commercially available cylindrical FAIMS device by enlarging the inner electrode, thereby narrowing the gap and increasing the effective field strength. This modification provided a nearly 4-fold increase in FAIMS peak capacity over the optimally configured unmodified device. We employed the modified FAIMS device for on-line fractionation in a proteomic analysis of a complex sample and observed major increases in protein discovery. NanoLC-FAIMS-MS/MS of an unfractionated yeast tryptic digest using the modified FAIMS device identified 53% more proteins than were identified using an unmodified FAIMS device and 98% more proteins than were identified with unaided nanoLC-MS/MS. We describe here the development of a nanoLC-FAIMS-MS/MS protocol that provides automated gas-phase fractionation for proteomic analysis of complex protein digests. We compare this protocol against prefractionation of peptides with isoelectric focusing and demonstrate that FAIMS fractionation yields comparable protein recovery while significantly reducing the amount of sample required and eliminating the need for additional sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Moritz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Robert L. Moritz, Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, , Phone: +1-206-732-1200
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35
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Bonneil E, Pfammatter S, Thibault P. Enhancement of mass spectrometry performance for proteomic analyses using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1181-1195. [PMID: 26505763 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in mass spectrometry sensitivity and resolution have been accomplished over the past two decades to enhance the depth and coverage of proteome analyses. As these technological developments expanded the detection capability of mass spectrometers, they also revealed an increasing complexity of low abundance peptides, solvent clusters and sample contaminants that can confound protein identification. Separation techniques that are complementary and can be used in combination with liquid chromatography are often sought to improve mass spectrometry sensitivity for proteomics applications. In this context, high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), a form of ion mobility that exploits ion separation at low and high electric fields, has shown significant advantages by focusing and separating multiply charged peptide ions from singly charged interferences. This paper examines the analytical benefits of FAIMS in proteomics to separate co-eluting peptide isomers and to enhance peptide detection and quantitative measurements of protein digests via native peptides (label-free) or isotopically labeled peptides from metabolic labeling or chemical tagging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sibylle Pfammatter
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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36
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Zhang X, Ibrahim YM, Chen TC, Kyle JE, Norheim RV, Monroe ME, Smith RD, Baker ES. Enhancing biological analyses with three dimensional field asymmetric ion mobility, low field drift tube ion mobility and mass spectrometry (μFAIMS/IMS-MS) separations. Analyst 2015; 140:6955-63. [PMID: 26140287 PMCID: PMC4586386 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional high throughput separations are ideal for analyzing distinct ion characteristics simultaneously in one analysis. We report on the first evaluation of a platform coupling a high speed field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry microchip (μFAIMS) with drift tube ion mobility and mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). The μFAIMS/IMS-MS platform was used to analyze biological samples and simultaneously acquire multidimensional FAIMS compensation fields, IMS drift times, and accurate ion masses for the detected features. These separations thereby increased the overall measurement separation power, resulting in greater information content and more complete characterization of the complex samples. The separation conditions were optimized for sensitivity and resolving power by the selection of gas compositions and pressures in the FAIMS and IMS separation stages. The resulting performance provided three dimensional separations, benefitting both broad complex mixture studies and targeted analyses by improving isomeric separations and allowing detection of species obscured by interfering peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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37
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Li L, Wang Y, Chen C, Wang X, Luo J. Comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental exploration of ultrafast microchip-based high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) technique. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:792-801. [PMID: 26169133 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has become an efficient technique for separation and characterization of gas-phase ions at ambient pressure, which utilizes the mobility differences of ions at high and low fields. Micro FAIMS devices made by micro-electromechanical system technology have small gaps of the channels, high electric field and good installation precision, as thus they have received great attentions. However, the disadvantage of relatively low resolution limits their applications in some areas. In this study, theoretical analysis and experimental exploration were carried out to overcome the disadvantage. Multiple scans, characteristic decline curves of ion transmission and pattern recognitions were proposed to improve the performance of the microchip-based FAIMS. The results showed that although micro FAIMS instruments as a standalone chemical analyzer suffer from low resolution, by using one or more of the methods proposed, they can identify chemicals precisely and provide quantitative analysis with low detection limit in some applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Li
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yonghuan Wang
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jikui Luo
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. May
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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39
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Vidal-de-Miguel G, Macía M, Barrios C, Cuevas J. Transversal Modulation Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS): Exploring the IMS-IMS-MS Possibilities of the Instrument. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1925-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504178n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vidal-de-Miguel
- Sociedad Europea de Análisis Diferencial de Movilidad SL, P. Tec. Boecillo, Parcela 205, Edificio
Cartif, Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain
- Department
of Energy Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Valladolid University, Paseo del Cauce, 50A, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M. Macía
- Sociedad Europea de Análisis Diferencial de Movilidad SL, P. Tec. Boecillo, Parcela 205, Edificio
Cartif, Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C. Barrios
- Sociedad Europea de Análisis Diferencial de Movilidad SL, P. Tec. Boecillo, Parcela 205, Edificio
Cartif, Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain
- Department
of Energy Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Valladolid University, Paseo del Cauce, 50A, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J. Cuevas
- Sociedad Europea de Análisis Diferencial de Movilidad SL, P. Tec. Boecillo, Parcela 205, Edificio
Cartif, Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain
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40
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Santiago BG, Harris RA, Isenberg SL, Glish GL. Resolving powers of >7900 using linked scans: how well does resolving power describe the separation capability of differential ion mobility spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:6871-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00845j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linked scans of the differential ion mobility spectrometry carrier gas and compensation field yield resolving powers >7900, more than 16 times greater than the best previously reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry
- Caudill and Kenan Laboratories
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Rachel A. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- Caudill and Kenan Laboratories
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Samantha L. Isenberg
- Department of Chemistry
- Caudill and Kenan Laboratories
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Gary L. Glish
- Department of Chemistry
- Caudill and Kenan Laboratories
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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41
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Isenberg SL, Armistead PM, Glish GL. Optimization of peptide separations by differential ion mobility spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1592-9. [PMID: 24990303 PMCID: PMC4458851 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) has the ability to separate gas phase ions based on their difference in ion mobility in low and high electric fields. DIMS can be used to separate mixtures of isobaric and isomeric species indistinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). DIMS can also be used as a filter to improve the signal-to-background of analytes in complex samples. The resolving power of DIMS separations can be improved several ways, including increasing the dispersion field and increasing the amount of helium in the nitrogen carrier gas. It has been previously demonstrated that the addition of helium to the DIMS carrier gas provides improves separations when the dispersion field is the kept constant as helium content is varied. However, helium has a lower breakdown voltage than nitrogen. Therefore, as the percent helium content in the nitrogen carrier gas is increased, the highest dispersion field accessible decreases. This work presents the trade-offs between increasing dispersion fields and using helium in the carrier gas by comparing the separation of a mixture of isobaric peptides. The maximum resolution for a separation of a mixture of three peptides with the same nominal molar mass was achieved by using a high dispersion field (~72 kV/cm) with pure nitrogen as the carrier gas within the DIMS assembly. The conditions used to achieve the maximum resolution also exhibit the lowest ion transmission through the assembly, suggesting that it is necessary to consider the trade-off between sensitivity and resolution when optimizing DIMS conditions for a given application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Isenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Caudill and Kenan Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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42
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Sturm RM, Lietz CB, Li L. Improved isobaric tandem mass tag quantification by ion mobility mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1051-1060. [PMID: 24677527 PMCID: PMC4000571 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isobaric tandem mass tags are an attractive alternative to mass difference tags and label-free approaches for quantitative proteomics due to the high degree of multiplexing that can be performed with their implementation. A drawback of tandem mass tags are that the co-isolation and co-fragmentation of labeled peptide precursors can result in chimeric tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra that can underestimate the fold-change expression of each peptide. Ion mobility (IM) separations coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) instruments have the potential to mitigate MS/MS spectra chimeracy since IM-MS has the ability to separate ions based on charge, m/z, and collision cross section (CCS). METHODS Two complex protein mixtures, labeled with DiLeu isobaric tandem mass tags in opposite ratios, were mixed together and analyzed by data-dependent LC/IM-MS/MS. The accuracy of reporters from interfering pairs was compared with and without IM separation. RESULTS IM separation was able to mitigate isobaric interference from differentially charged interfering ion pairs, as well as pairs of the same charge. Of the eight example precursors shown, only one had reporters that remained compressed below the significance threshold after IM separation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation demonstrate proof-of-principle that IM separation of tagged precursors prior to MS/MS fragmentation can help mitigate quantitative inaccuracies caused by isobaric interference. Future improvements of the method would include software for automated correction and use of higher resolution IM instrumentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Address reprint requests to: Dr. Lingjun Li, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA. . Phone: (608)265-8491, Fax: (608)262-5345
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43
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Bennett RV, Gamage CM, Galhena AS, Fernández FM. Contrast-Enhanced Differential Mobility-Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3756-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Bennett
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Chaminda M. Gamage
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Asiri S. Galhena
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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44
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Lanucara F, Holman SW, Gray CJ, Eyers CE. The power of ion mobility-mass spectrometry for structural characterization and the study of conformational dynamics. Nat Chem 2014; 6:281-94. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Shvartsburg AA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Differential ion mobility separations in up to 100% helium using microchips. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:480-9. [PMID: 24402673 PMCID: PMC4031910 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of differential IMS (FAIMS) analyzers is much enhanced by gases comprising He, especially He/N2 mixtures. However, electrical breakdown has limited the He fraction to ~50%-75%, depending on the field strength. By the Paschen law, the threshold field for breakdown increases at shorter distances. This allows FAIMS using chips with microscopic channels to utilize much stronger field intensities (E) than "full-size" analyzers with wider gaps. Here we show that those chips can employ higher He fractions up to 100%. Use of He-rich gases improves the resolution and resolution/sensitivity balance substantially, although less than for full-size analyzers. The optimum He fraction is ~80%, in line with first-principles theory. Hence, one can now measure the dependences of ion mobility on E in pure He, where ion-molecule cross section calculations are much more tractable than in other gases that form deeper and more complex interaction potentials. This capability may facilitate quantitative modeling of high-field ion mobility behavior and, thus, FAIMS separation properties, which would enable a priori extraction of structural information about the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA,
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46
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Glaskin RS, Ewing MA, Clemmer DE. Ion Trapping for Ion Mobility Spectrometry Measurements in a Cyclical Drift Tube. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7003-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4015066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Glaskin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Michael A. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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47
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Tang F, Xu C, Wang X. Resolution enhancement of field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) by ion focusing. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:120. [PMID: 23849221 PMCID: PMC3729820 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) is a material analysis technology which develops very fast in recent years. Resolution is an important factor used to estimate the performance of this technology. With greater resolution, it's always easier to separate complex mixtures. RESULTS A method to increase the resolution of FAIMS is put forward which focuses ions before they enter the drift tube. By adding several pairs of focus electrodes loaded with DC or RF voltage in front of the FAIMS drift tube, the height of the ion beam flowing into the drift tube is decreased, which improves the resolution of the FAIMS spectrum. The effectiveness of this method is verified through SIMION simulation and experiments. Both the DC focusing mode and the AC focusing mode can improve the resolution of the FAIMS system, with the biggest increase of 37%. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other methods of improving FAIMS resolution, this method needs neither additional special gases, nor additional auxiliary equipment. It is easy to miniaturize, and can work under atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P,R, China.
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48
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Swearingen KE, Moritz RL. High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry for mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013. [PMID: 23194268 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is an atmospheric pressure ion mobility technique that separates gas-phase ions by their behavior in strong and weak electric fields. FAIMS is easily interfaced with electrospray ionization and has been implemented as an additional separation mode between liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) in proteomic studies. FAIMS separation is orthogonal to both LC and MS and is used as a means of on-line fractionation to improve the detection of peptides in complex samples. FAIMS improves dynamic range and concomitantly the detection limits of ions by filtering out chemical noise. FAIMS can also be used to remove interfering ion species and to select peptide charge states optimal for identification by tandem MS. Here, the authors review recent developments in LC-FAIMS-MS and its application to MS-based proteomics.
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49
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Stedwell CN, Galindo JF, Roitberg AE, Polfer NC. Structures of biomolecular ions in the gas phase probed by infrared light sources. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:267-285. [PMID: 23560933 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of biomolecular ions combines mass spectrometry's high sensitivity and ability to analyze complex mixtures with the enhanced structural information available from vibrational spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy is in principle well placed to distinguish isomers and allow chemical classification of unknown molecules. This review gives an outline of current instrumentation, spectroscopic approaches, and potential bottlenecks. We discuss the most promising applications in bioanalytical mass spectrometry in view of recent experimental results, as well as future applications based on bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey N Stedwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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50
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Schneider BB, Covey TR, Nazarov EG. DMS-MS separations with different transport gas modifiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-013-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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