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Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Basumatary B, Tsuruda H, Szczepanik DW, Lee J, Ryu J, Mori S, Yamagata K, Tanaka T, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Kim J, Ishida M, Furuta H. Metalla-Carbaporphyrinoids Consisting of an Acyclic N-Confused Tetrapyrrole Analogue Served as Stable Near-Infrared-II Dyes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405059. [PMID: 38563771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis of novel pseudo-metalla-carbaporphyrinoid species (1M: M=Pd and Pt) achieved through the inner coordination of palladium(II) and platinum(II) with an acyclic N-confused tetrapyrrin analogue. Despite their tetrapyrrole frameworks being small, akin to well-known porphyrins, these species exhibit an unusually narrow HOMO-LUMO gap, resulting in an unprecedentedly low-energy absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed unique dπ-pπ-conjugated electronic structures involving the metal dπ-ligand pπ hybridized molecular orbitals of 1M. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy confirmed distinct electronic structures. Remarkably, the complexes feature an open-metal coordination site in the peripheral NN dipyrrin site, forming hetero-metal complexes (1Pd-BF2 and 1Pt-BF2) through boron difluoride complexation. The resulting hetero metalla-carbaporphyrinoid species displayed further redshifted NIR-II absorption, highly efficient photothermal conversion efficiencies (η; 62-65 %), and exceptional photostability. Despite the challenges associated with the theoretical and experimental assessment of dπ-pπ-conjugated metalla-aromaticity in relatively larger (more than 18π electrons) polycyclic ring systems, these organometallic planar tetrapyrrole systems could serve as potential molecular platforms for aromaticity-relevant NIR-II dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Basumatary
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuruda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Ryu
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kyo Yamagata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8195, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8195, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Yang J, Xu X, Lin Z, Xie Z. Metallaaromaticity involving a d 0 early transition metal centre: synthesis, structure, and aromaticity of tantallapyridinazirine complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7943-7948. [PMID: 38817586 PMCID: PMC11134392 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02629b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Though late transition metal aromatic metallabenzenes and related heteroatom-containing analogues have been well studied, the corresponding aromatic early transition metal complexes remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of aromatic, planar, and delocalised organotantallapyridinium complexes via a simple one-pot process by sequential treatment of tantalum methyl complex [η5:σ-Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)]TaMe3 with alkynes and isocyanide. Single-crystal X-ray analyses, NMR spectroscopic data and DFT calculations suggest that they are aromatic tantallapyridinium complexes, a class of long-sought-after molecules. This work would shed some light on the preparation of metallaaromatics involving early transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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Xu B, Mao W, Lu Z, Cai Y, Chen D, Xia H. Syntheses and reactivities of strained fused-ring metallaaromatics containing planar eleven-carbon chains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4378. [PMID: 38782900 PMCID: PMC11116401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbolong complexes are one of the primary types of metallaaromatics, and they include metallapentalynes and metallapentalenes. A series of 7C-10C and 12C-carbolong complexes with planar ligand skeletons respectively containing 7-10 and 12 carbon atoms in their backbones, have been previously reported. Herein, two classes of strained substances, metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes and metallabenzene-fused metallapentalynes, were prepared, both representing 11C-carbolong complexes with a planar carbon-chain ligand. Furthermore, the former type is also the carbolong derivatives containing a metallabenzyne skeleton, another primary metallaaromatic framework. Metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes show versatile reactivities, and the most interesting one is the metal carbyne bond shift from a 6-membered to a more strained 5-membered ring, affording the above-mentioned metallabenzene-fused metallapentalyne. This work makes carbolong chemistry more complete, and provides a method to achieve metallabenzynes, which is anticipated to concurrently advance the development of these two types of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Southern University of Science and Technology Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Sarmah K, Guha AK. Quest for Double Möbius Aromaticity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400395. [PMID: 38451013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neutral four-membered rings with 4n electrons are generally Hückel antiaromatic. On the other hand, 4n electron system can also be Möbius aromatic, although identification has escaped so far. A recent study of double Möbius aromaticity has been put forwarded in the D2h symmetric singlet ground state of four member Pa2B2 ring. Although interesting, but the synthesis possesses a significant challenge as Pa is rare, highly radioactive and toxic. Herein, a synthetically viable four membered Rh2B2 cluster is proposed which contains double Möbius aromaticity. Interestingly, the three membered RhB2 - cluster also possess Möbius aromaticity and is the smallest ring to show such phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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Hua Y, Luo M, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chen D, Xia H. Experimental and theoretical evidences for the formation of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal-carbon σ bonds. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad325. [PMID: 38226366 PMCID: PMC10789241 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The σ bond is an important concept in chemistry, and the metal-carbon (M-C) σ bond in particular is a central feature in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds is challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of two different types of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds, and examine the stability of such complexes which use rigid conjugated carbon chains to chelate with the metal center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the M-C σ bonds in these complexes have primarily a covalent character. Besides the σ nature, there are also a π conjugation component among the metal center and carbons, which causes delocalization. This work expanded the coplanar M-C σ bonds to five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Kushvaha SK, Kallenbach P, Rohman SS, Pandey MK, Hendi Z, Rüttger F, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. A Neutral Planar Four-Membered Si 2B 2 2π-Aromatic Ring. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25523-25527. [PMID: 37934173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first inorganic four-membered neutral 2π-aromatic compound 2 is reported. This unique ring has been synthesized from a simple and straightforward reaction of amidinato-silylene with dichlorophenylborane, followed by the reduction with KC8 in THF. Compound 2 has been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The computational calculations reveal that the Si2B2 ring is a π-delocalized system resulting from the interaction of pπ orbital of B and Si-N σ* orbitals having pseudo π symmetry. Compound 2 is the first known example of a neutral planar inorganic analogue of cyclobutenyl dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Kushvaha
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paula Kallenbach
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shahnaz S Rohman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Hendi
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Rüttger
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Tang J, Zhang S, Zhou BW, Wang W, Zhao L. Hyperconjugative Aromaticity-Based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Enhancement in Polyaurated Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23442-23451. [PMID: 37870916 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyperconjugative aromaticity (HA) frequently appears in metalla-aromatics, but its effect on photophysical properties remains unexplored to date. Herein, we reveal two different HA scenarios in nearly isostructural triaurated indolium and benzofuranylium compounds. The biased HAs show a discernible effect on the spatial arrangement of metal atoms and thus tailor metal parentage in frontier orbitals and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Theoretical calculations and structural analyses demonstrate that HA not only influences the degree of electron delocalization over the trimetalated aromatic rings but also affects π-coordination of Au(I) and intercluster aurophilic interaction. Consequently, the triaurated benzofuranylium complex shows better photoluminescence performance (quantum yield up to 49.7%) over the indolium analogue. Furthermore, four pairs of axially chiral bibenzofuran-centered trinuclear and hexanuclear gold clusters were purposefully synthesized to correlate their HA-involved structures with the chiroptical response. The triaurated benzofuranylium complexes exhibit strong circular dichroism (CD) response in solution but CPL silence even in solid film. In contrast, the hexa-aurated homologues display strong CD and intense CPL signals in both aggregated state and solid film (luminescence anisotropy factor glum up to 10-3). Their amplified chiroptical response is finally ascribed to the dominant intermolecular exciton couplings of large assemblies formed through the HA-tailored aggregation of hexanuclear compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Sinopec (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Bo-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Chen D, Lin L, Xiao K, Zhao L, Solà M, Zhu J. The application of aromaticity and antiaromaticity to reaction mechanisms. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:926-938. [PMID: 38933008 PMCID: PMC11197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity, in general, can promote a given reaction by stabilizing a transition state or a product via a mobility of π electrons in a cyclic structure. Similarly, such a promotion could be also achieved by destabilizing an antiaromatic reactant. However, both aromaticity and transition states cannot be directly measured in experiment. Thus, computational chemistry has been becoming a key tool to understand the aromaticity-driven reaction mechanisms. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between aromaticity and reaction mechanism to highlight the importance of density functional theory calculations and present it according to an approach via either aromatizing a transition state/product or destabilizing a reactant by antiaromaticity. Specifically, we will start with a particularly challenging example of dinitrogen activation followed by other small-molecule activation, C-F bond activation, rearrangement, as well as metathesis reactions. In addition, antiaromaticity-promoted dihydrogen activation, CO2 capture, and oxygen reduction reactions will be also briefly discussed. Finally, caution must be cast as the magnitude of the aromaticity in the transition states is not particularly high in most cases. Thus, a proof of an adequate electron delocalization rather than a complete ring current is recommended to support the relatively weak aromaticity in these transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), SICAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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10
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Esteruelas MA, Leon F, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. Preparation, Aromaticity, and Bromination of Spiro Iridafurans. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16810-16824. [PMID: 37782299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Iridium centers of [Ir(μ-Cl)(C8H14)2]2 (1) activate the Cβ(sp2)-H bond of benzylideneacetone to give [Ir(μ-Cl){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2]2 (2), which is the starting point for the preparation of the spiro iridafurans IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2(PiPr3) (3), [Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2(MeCN)2]BF4 (4), [Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2]2 (5), Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-C,N-[C6MeH3-py]} (6), and Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-O,O-[acac]} (7). The five-membered rings are orthogonally arranged with the oxygen atoms in trans in an octahedral environment of the iridium atom. Spiro iridafurans are aromatic. The degree of aromaticity and the negative charge of the CH-carbon of the rings depend on ligand trans to the carbon directly attached to the metal. Aromaticity has been experimentally confirmed by bromination of iridafurans with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Reactions are sensitive to the degree of aromaticity of the ring and the negative charge of the attacked CH-carbon. Iridafurans can be selectively brominated, when different ligands lie trans to metalated carbons. Bromination of 3 occurs in the ring with the metalated carbon trans to chloride, whereas the bromination of 6 takes place in the ring with the metalated carbon trans to pyridyl. The first gives IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}(PiPr3) (8), which reacts with more NBS to form IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}2(PiPr3) (9). The second yields Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,N-[C6MeH3-py]} (10). The origin of the selectivity is kinetic, with the rate-determining step of the reaction being the NBS attack. The activation energy depends on the negative charge of the attacked atom; a higher negative charge allows for a lower activation energy. Accordingly, complex 7 undergoes bromination in the acetylacetonate ligand, giving Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-O,O-[acacBr]} (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Félix Leon
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Liu HC, Ruan K, Ma K, Fei J, Lin YM, Xia H. Synthesis of metalla-dual-azulenes with fluoride ion recognition properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5583. [PMID: 37696902 PMCID: PMC10495402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Azulene-based conjugated systems are of great interests due to their unusual structures and photophysical properties. Incorporation of a transition metal into azulene skeleton presents an intriguing opportunity to combine the dπ-pπ and pπ-pπ conjugated properties. No such metallaazulene skeleton however has been reported to date. Here, we describe our development of an efficient [5 + 2] annulation reaction to rapid construction of a unique metal-containing [5-5-7] scaffold, termed metalla-dual-azulene (MDA), which includes a metallaazulene and a metal-free organic azulene intertwined by sharing the tropylium motif. The two azulene motifs in MDA exhibit distinct reactivities. The azulene motif readily undergoes nucleophilic addition, leading to N-, O- and S-substituted cycloheptanetrienyl species. Demetalation of the metallaazulene moiety occurs when it reacts with nBu4NF, which enables highly selective recognition of fluoride anion and a noticeable color change. The practical [5 + 2] annulation methodology, facile functional-group modification, high and selective fluoride detection make this new π-conjugated polycyclic system very suitable for potential applications in photoelectric and sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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Jia C, She Y, Lu Y, Wu M, Yang X, Chen L, Li Y. Octalithium, Tetrasodium, and Decalithium Compounds Based on Pyrrolyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Activation of the C-H Bonds of Pyrrolyl Rings and C═N Bonds of a Series of Ligands by Organolithium Reagents. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14072-14085. [PMID: 37578854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The organometallic compounds of lithium ions have garnered continuous interest as indispensable precursors for the syntheses of organometallic complexes of main-group metals, transition metals, lanthanide metals, and actinide metals. In this work, we present a strategy for the preparation of a series of polynuclear lithium complexes. This methodology features the utilization of organolithium reagents both as metal sources to coordinate with the ligands and as nucleophilic reagents to undergo nucleophilic addition to the C═N bonds of the ligands. Reaction of a ligand HL1 [HL1 = 2-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)phenol] with n-BuLi produced complex [Li8(L1a)4]·1.5Tol (1·1.5Tol) [H2L1a = 2-((1-(1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pentyl)amino)phenol]. One prominent feature regarding the formation of 1·1.5Tol is the occurrence of nucleophilic addition of n-BuLi to the C═N bond of HL1, leading to the generation of a new [L1a]2- ligand that contains both aminophenol and 1-(2-pyrrolyl)alkylamine scaffolds. The developed protocol can be adapted to a series of organolithium reagents. Compounds [Li8(L1b)4] (2) and [Li8(L1c)4] (3) were afforded by treatment of HL1 with sec-BuLi and LiCH2SiMe3, respectively. Reaction of an analogous ligand HL2 [HL2 = 2-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)-4-methylphenol] with n-BuLi generated compound [Li8(L2a)4] (4). C═N bond activation was not observed in the reaction of HL1 with NaOtBu, and the complex [Na4(L1)4]·Tol (5·Tol) was obtained. A decanuclear complex [Li10(L3a)2(L3b)2] (6) was also prepared via the reaction of HL3 [HL3 = 2-(2-((((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine] with t-BuLi. A remarkable feature in terms of the synthesis of 6 is the simultaneous occurrence of hydrogen atom abstraction from the C-H bond of the pyrrolyl ring and nucleophilic addition to the C═N bond of the HL3 ligand by t-BuLi. A series of amines containing biologically and physiologically important moieties were achieved by hydrolysis of the crude products from the reactions of the HL1-HL3 ligands and organolithium reagents. This work provides an efficient approach to high-nuclearity lithium compounds as well as a series of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye She
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li Q, Fei J, Ruan K, Hua Y, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5672-5680. [PMID: 37265719 PMCID: PMC10231429 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework. The mechanistic study of this transformation shows that phosphorus ligands play different roles in the divergent processes. Further theoretical studies indicate that the expansion of the aromatic system is the driving force promoting this skeletal rearrangement. Our findings offer a new concept and strategy to reshape and construct aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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14
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Merino G, Solà M, Fernández I, Foroutan-Nejad C, Lazzeretti P, Frenking G, Anderson HL, Sundholm D, Cossío FP, Petrukhina MA, Wu J, Wu JI, Restrepo A. Aromaticity: Quo Vadis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5569-5576. [PMID: 37265727 PMCID: PMC10231312 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity is one of the most deeply rooted concepts in chemistry. But why, if two-thirds of existing compounds can be classified as aromatic, is there no consensus on what aromaticity is? σ-, π-, δ-, spherical, Möbius, or all-metal aromaticity… why are so many attributes needed to specify a property? Is aromaticity a dubious concept? This perspective aims to reflect where the aromaticity community is and where it is going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 Girona 17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084 SA Italy
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Instituto de Innovaciónen Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 050010 Medellín Colombia
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15
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Lin X, Wu W, Mo Y. Planar Four-Membered Diboron Actinide Compound with Double Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8107-8113. [PMID: 36977280 PMCID: PMC10103132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Möbius rule predicts that a planar four-membered metallacycle can be aromatic with four mobile electrons, but such a simple ring has escaped recognition because it usually favors Hückel anti-aromaticity. Here, we report that a quasi-square four-membered actinide compound (Pa2B2) is doubly Möbius aromatic. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that this diboron protactinium molecule has four delocalized π electrons in addition to four delocalized σ electrons, satisfying the 4n Möbius rule for both σ and π components. Energetically, the block-localized wavefunction method, which is the simplest variant of ab initio valence bond theory, shows that the delocalization energy for the π and σ electrons reaches up to 65.0 and 72.3 kcal/mol, respectively, while the extra cyclic resonance energy (ECRE) amounts to 45 kcal/mol. The large positive ECRE values strongly confirm the unprecedented double Möbius aromaticity in Pa2B2. We anticipate that this new type of aromatic molecule can enrich the concept of Möbius aromaticity and open a new avenue for actinide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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16
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Chu Z, Li J, Hua Y, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4173-4176. [PMID: 36939834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Four diaza-osmapentalenes were prepared by two-step reactions, through the treatment of an alkyne-coordinated osmium complex with azo compounds, followed by the addition of AgSbF6/CO. Their aromaticity was confirmed by crystal parameters, NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. These complexes are the first diaza-metallapentalenes representing a new class of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Buil M, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Picazo NR. Osmathiazole Ring: Extrapolation of an Aromatic Purely Organic System to Organometallic Chemistry. Organometallics 2023; 42:327-338. [PMID: 38601006 PMCID: PMC11005464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
An osmathiazole skeleton has been generated starting from the cation of the salt [OsH(OH)(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (1; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene; OTf = CF3SO3) and thioacetamide; its aromaticity degree was compared with that of thiazole, and its aromatic reactivity was confirmed through a reaction with phenylacetylene. Salt 1 reacts with the thioamide to initially afford the synthetic intermediate [OsH{κ2-N,S-[NHC(CH3)S]}(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (2). Thioamidate and alkylidyne ligands of 2 couple in acetonitrile at 70 °C, forming a 1:1 mixture of the salts [OsH{κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (3) and [Os{κ2-C,S-[CH(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)3(IPr)]OTf (4). Treatment of 3 with potassium tert-butoxide produces the NH-deprotonation of its five-membered ring and gives OsH{κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (5). The osmathiazole ring of 5 is slightly less aromatic than the osmathiazolium cycle of 3 and the purely organic thiazole. However, it is more aromatic than related osmaoxazoles and osmaoxazoliums. There are significant differences in behavior between 3 and 5 toward phenylacetylene. In acetonitrile, the cation of 3 loses the phosphine and adds the alkyne to afford [Os{η3-C3,κ1-S-[CH2C(Ph)C(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)2(IPr)]OTf (6), bearing a functionalized allyl ligand. In contrast, the osmathiazole ring of 5 undergoes a vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydride, by acetylide, via the dihydride OsH2(C≡CPh){κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (7), which releases H2 to yield Os(C≡CPh){κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nieves R. Picazo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Lin Z, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xia H. Heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of metalla-aromatics and mechanistic analysis of site selectivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1227-1233. [PMID: 36756314 PMCID: PMC9891379 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the most straightforward and versatile methods for the construction of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes but site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated (hetero)arenes containing identical halogen substituents remains a challenging problem. Herein, we report a new candidate for heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. This candidate has been applied in organometallic systems by combining classical aryl boronic acid reagents with non-classical heteroarenes. Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism of the reactions were performed, with an emphasis on the identity of the reactive species in the oxidative addition step and the nature of the precise site selectivity. The influence of both the aromaticity of the metalla-aromatic substrates and the steric and electronic properties of the halogenated sites are studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yapeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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19
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Luo M, Chen D, Li Q, Xia H. Unique Properties and Emerging Applications of Carbolong Metallaaromatics. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:924-937. [PMID: 36718118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAromatic compounds are important in synthetic chemistry, biomedicines, and materials science. As a special type of aromatic complex, transition-metal-based metallaaromatics contain at least one transition metal in an aromatic framework. The chemistry of metallaaromatics has seen much progress in computational studies and synthetic methods, but their properties and applications are still emerging. In recent years, we have disclosed a series of metal-centered conjugated polycyclic metallacycles in which a carbon chain is chelated to a metal center through at least three metal-carbon bonds. These are termed carbolong complexes and exhibit good stability to water, oxygen, light, and heat on account of their polydentate chelation and aromaticity, making them easy to handle. Carbolong complexes are not only special π-conjugated aromatics but also organometallics; therefore, they have the properties of both species. In this Account, we showcase the recent advances in their applications based on their different properties.First, carbolong complexes are a special kind of π-conjugated aromatic, with the ability to transmit electrons, allowing them to function as single-molecule conductors and candidates for electron transporting layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells. A series of carbolong complexes have been proved to be useful as achievable ETLs which enhance device performance in both organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells.Second, due to the involvement of d orbitals in the conjugation, carbolong complexes normally exhibit strong and broad absorption, even in some cases extending to the near-infrared region (NIR). The absorbed optical energy can be converted into light, heat, and ultrasound; consequently, carbolong compounds can be used as core moieties in smart materials. For example, 7C carbolong complexes were found to exhibit aggregation-enhanced near-infrared emission (AIEE). Some 12C carbolong complexes have been designed into the core moieties of NIR-responsive polymers, such as cylindrical NIR-responsive materials, self-healing materials, and shape memory materials. In contrast to the stereotypically toxic osmium compounds such as the highly toxic OsO4, some osmium carbolong complexes exhibit low cell cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility; consequently, they also have potential applications in the biomedical area. For example, benefiting from broad absorption in the NIR, 9C and 12C carbolong complexes have been used in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, respectively. In addition, photodynamic therapeutic applications which take advantage of a carbolong peroxo complex are discussed.Third, as special transition-metal complexes chelated by carbon-based ligands, a carbolong peroxo complex has displayed catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of alcohols and a bimetallic carbolong complex has been used to catalyze difunctionalization reactions of unactivated alkenes.Overall, aromatic carbolong complexes have been applied to photovoltaics, smart materials, phototherapy, and catalytic reactions. Moving forward, we hope that this Account will shed light on future studies and theoretical research and encourage more discoveries of the properties of other metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Talavera M, Pereira-Cameselle R, Peña-Gallego Á, Vázquez-Carballo I, Prieto I, Alonso-Gómez JL, Bolaño S. Optical and electrochemical properties of spirobifluorene iridanaphthalene complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:487-493. [PMID: 36504193 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three new spirobifluorene iridaaromatic compounds bearing electron-withdrawing or electron-donor substituents or another iridanaphthalene moiety have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Thorough experimental and theoretical evaluation revealed that these novel systems present a high thermal, air and electrochemical stability as well as low optical and electronic energy gap values with a significant redshift of the absorption maximum in the UV-Vis spectra and predicted remarkably higher first hyperpolarizabilities compared to their organic counterparts. Therefore, the combination of a metallaaromatic system with a spirobifluorene moiety leads to the design and development of new spirobifluorene derivatives. These new systems have shown interesting optical and electronic properties making them of interest for future applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Raquel Pereira-Cameselle
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Vázquez-Carballo
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Metallosupramolecular Chemistry Group Galicia South Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur) SERGAS-UVIGO, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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21
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Fei Yang X, Zhang MX, Bin Fu D, Wang Y, Yin J, Hua Liu S. Pentacyclic and Hexacyclic Osmaarynes and Their Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202334. [PMID: 36198664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although osmabenzyne, osmanaphthalyne, osmaphenanthryne, and osmaanthracyne have been previously reported, the synthesis of polycyclic osmaarynes is still a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the first pentacyclic osmaarynes (pyreno[b]osmabenzynes 1 a and 2 a) and hexacyclic osmaaryne (peryleno[b]osmabenzyne 3 a). Nucleophilic reaction of osmaarynes was used to obtain the corresponding pyreno[b]osmium complexes (1 and 2) and peryleno[b] osmium complex (3), which exhibited near-infrared luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Complexes 2 and 3 are resistant to photodegradation, and complex 2 has better photothermal conversion properties than 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of, Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, 430205, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De Bin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
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22
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Bai W, Tsang LY, Wang Y, Li Y, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Jia G. Synthesis and characterization of bi(metallacycloprop-1-ene) complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 14:96-102. [PMID: 36605739 PMCID: PMC9769101 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In all previously reported metallacycloprop-1-ene or η2-vinyl complexes, the metal center bears only one vinyl moiety. We have now successfully synthesized and structurally characterized the first complexes bearing two η2-vinyl moieties or spiro bi(metallacycloprop-1-ene) complexes from reactions of alkynes with rhenium phosphine complexes. Computational studies indicate that the metallacycloprop-1-ene rings are aromatic and the complexes represent a rare σ-type spirometalla-aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongP. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyLiaoning 116024P. R. China
| | - Long Yiu Tsang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyLiaoning 116024P. R. China,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjinLiaoning 124221P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyLiaoning 116024P. R. China,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjinLiaoning 124221P. R. China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongP. R. China
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23
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Chai Z, Zhang WX. Dicarbanion Compounds: The Bridge between Organometallic Reagents and Mononuclear Heterocycles. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Li J, Chu Z, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Reactivity Studies of a Hydroxy-Substituted Irida-carbolong Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Chen S, Peng L, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Tang C, Zhai Z, Yang L, Wu W, He X, Liu LL, He F, Xia H. Conjugated polymers based on metalla-aromatic building blocks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203701119. [PMID: 35858304 PMCID: PMC9303910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers usually require strategies to expand the range of wavelengths absorbed and increase solubility. Developing effective strategies to enhance both properties remains challenging. Herein, we report syntheses of conjugated polymers based on a family of metalla-aromatic building blocks via a polymerization method involving consecutive carbyne shuttling processes. The involvement of metal d orbitals in aromatic systems efficiently reduces band gaps and enriches the electron transition pathways of the chromogenic repeat unit. These enable metalla-aromatic conjugated polymers to exhibit broad and strong ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption bands. Bulky ligands on the metal suppress π-π stacking of polymer chains and thus increase solubility. These conjugated polymers show robust stability toward light, heat, water, and air. Kinetic studies using NMR experiments and UV-Vis spectroscopy, coupled with the isolation of well-defined model oligomers, revealed the polymerization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xumin He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
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26
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Qiu R, Wu J, Zhu J. Stabilizing a 20-Electron Metallaazulyne by Aromaticity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9073-9081. [PMID: 35675659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 18-electron rule states that metal complexes with 18 valence electron metal centers are thermodynamically stable because nine valence orbitals of transition metals including one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals can collectively accommodate 18 electrons, achieving the same electron configuration as the noble gas in the period. Thus, 20-electron compounds are extremely rare due to a violation of such a rule. Here, we demonstrate a 20-electron metallaazulyne via density functional theory calculations stabilized by aromaticity, which was supported by various aromaticity indices including nucleus-independent chemical shift, anisotropy of the induced current density, the isochemical shielding surface, and electron density of delocalized bonds. Interestingly, when a transition metal fragment is first introduced into the aromatic azulyne molecule, the resulting osmaazulyne becomes antiaromatic, in sharp contrast to the previous transformation from pentalyne to metallapentalyne. More interestingly, when osmaazulyne is reduced by two electrons, the resulting 20e osmaazulyne becomes aromatic. Our findings highlight an important application of aromaticity in stabilizing 20e species, inviting experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhao Q, Wu XF, Xiao X, Wang ZY, Zhao J, Wang BW, Lei H. Group 4 Metallocene Complexes Supported by a Redox-Active O, C-Chelating Ligand. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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28
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Hu J, Liu W, Zhang WX. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus by organolithium reagents to organophosphorus compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2008933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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29
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Xu B, Mao W, Wu C, Li J, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. A
One‐Pot
Strategy for the Synthesis of
β
‐Substituted
Rhoda‐ and
Irida‐Carbolong
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
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30
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Huang YS, Chen D, Zhu J, Sun ZM. [(CrGe9)Cr2(CO)13]4−: A disubstituted case of ten-vertex closo cluster with spherical aromaticity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Garner MH, Laplaza R, Corminboeuf C. Helical versus linear Jahn–Teller distortions in allene and spiropentadiene radical cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26134-26143. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The allene radical cation can be stabilized both by Jahn–Teller distortion of the bond lengths and by torsion of the end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Cao Q, Wang P, Cai Y, Hua Y, Zheng S, Cheng X, HE G, Wen TB, Chen J. Synthesis and Characterization of Rhena[10]annulynes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the reported metallacycles were limited to small cyclic complexes that contain six-membered or smaller rings. Larger-membered metallacycles are still rare and mainly focus on the dimetallacycles. Herein, we...
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33
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Buil M, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Picazo NR. Dissimilarity in the Chemical Behavior of Osmaoxazolium Salts and Osmaoxazoles: Two Different Aromatic Metalladiheterocycles. Organometallics 2021; 40:4150-4162. [PMID: 35264819 PMCID: PMC8895684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of aromatic hydride-osmaoxazolium and hydride-oxazole compounds is reported and their reactivity toward phenylacetylene investigated. Complex [OsH(OH)(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (1; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene, OTf = CF3SO3) reacts with acetonitrile and benzonitrile to give [OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NHC(R)O]}(NCR)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (R = Me (2), Ph (3)) via amidate intermediates, which are generated by addition of the hydroxide ligand to the nitrile. In agreement with this, the addition of 2-phenylacetamide to acetonitrile solutions of 1 gives [OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NHC(CH2Ph)O]}(NCCH3)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (4). The deprotonation of the osmaoxazolium ring of 2 and 4 leads to the oxazole derivatives OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (5), CH2Ph (6)). Complexes 2 and 4 add their Os-H and Os-C bonds to the C-C triple bond of phenylacetylene to afford [Os{η3-C 3 ,κ1-O-[CH2C(Ph)C(Ph)NHC(R)O]}(NCCH3)2(IPr)]OTf (R = Me (7), CH2Ph (8)), bearing a tridentate amide-N-functionalized allyl ligand, while complexes 5 and 6 undergo a vicarious nucleophilic substitution of the hydride at the metal center with the alkyne, via the compressed dihydride adduct intermediates OsH2(C≡CPh){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (9), CH2Ph (10)), which reductively eliminate H2 to yield the acetylide-osmaoxazoles Os(C≡CPh){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (11), CH2Ph (12)).
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nieves R. Picazo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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34
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Qiu R, Zhu J. Adaptive aromaticity in 16-valence-electron metallazapentalenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16842-16848. [PMID: 34779463 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to Hückel's and Baird's rules, cyclic species are generally aromatic only either in the lowest singlet state (S0) or in the lowest-lying triplet ππ* excited state (T1). Thus, species with aromaticity both in S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity) are particularly rare. Herein, we carry out density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the aromaticity of 16e metallapentalenes containing heteroatoms (N, O). Interestingly, metallazapentalenes show adaptive aromaticity whereas metalloxapentalenes display nonaromaticity in the S0 and T1 states, which is supported by structural, magnetic, and electronic indices. In addition, a series of metallazapentalenes containing strong σ- or π-donor ligands are predicted to achieve adaptive aromaticity. Our findings expand the family of adaptive aromatics significantly, inviting experimental chemists to realize more hetero-metallapentalenes with adaptive aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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35
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Huang Z, Zheng Y, Zhong M. Transmetalation Reactions of Aromatic Dilithionickelole: Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Complexes Featuring Metalloles as Diene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:15967-15972. [PMID: 34569115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic metallole dianions are important metallaaromatic compounds because of their various reactivities and extensive synthetic applications. Herein we report the reactions of dilithionickelole with MgCl2 , EtAlCl2 , Cp*ScCl2 , Cp*LuCl2 and Pt(COD)Cl2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) affording a series of Ni/M heterobimetallic complexes of the general formula (η4 -C4 R4 M)Ni(COD), in which the metalloles act as diene ligands, as suggested by single-crystal X-ray, NMR and theoretical analyses. In these reactions, two electrons of the nickelole dianion transferred to Ni, representing different reactivity compared with main-group metallole dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Li J, Lu Z, Hua Y, Chen D, Xia H. Carbolong chemistry: nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a triflate functionalized iridapentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8464-8467. [PMID: 34346430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the triflate functionalized iridapentalene 1, [Ir{[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(CH2C(CO2Me)2CH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]CC[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(OTf)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH}(CO)(PPh3)2]OTf, with C-, N-, O- and S-centered neutral nucleophiles was studied, leading to the isolation of a wide array of irida-carbolong derivatives. As an extension, a polycyclic complex with a rare six-fused-ring structure was constructed. This strategy provides a new route for the construction of functionalized metallaaromatic complexes, and the resulting iridacycles exhibit broad spectral absorption ranges, making them potential photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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