1
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Gan PY, Huang X, Liu WB, Gao FW, Su ZM. External electric field driven conformation transition between lithium salts and electride-like molecules: intriguing NLO switches in Li@corannulene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39139147 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The external electric field has emerged as a powerful tool for building molecular switches with excellent properties. In this work, we investigate the impact of an external electric field on the transition between lithium salt and electride-like molecule conformations in Li@corannulene. Remarkably, the distance between the Li atom and the corannulene bottom displays a sharp increase under the influence of an external electric field strength of F-z = 110 × 10-4 a.u. As the external electric field strength increases, the Li atom brings about different directions of charge transfer (CT). The natural population analysis (NPA) charge and the molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) results show that the intermolecular CT occurs from the Li atom to the corannulene with the F-z ranging from 0 to 100 × 10-4 a.u. Interestingly, when the external electric field reaches F-z = 110 × 10-4 a.u., the CT is oriented from the corannulene to the Li atom. Moreover, electron localization function (ELF) basins are presented under an F-z of 110 × 10-4 a.u., which indicates that Li@corannulene exhibits electride-like (e-⋯[Li@corannulene]+) molecules and lithiation salt (Li+[corannulene]-) under an F-z of 0 to 100 × 10-4 a.u. Significantly, the differences in charge transfer also contribute to a significant improvement in hyperpolarizabilities (βtot) during the conformation transition from lithiation salt (Li+[corannulene]-) to electride-like (e-⋯[Li@corannulene]+) molecules. This study explores the potential of Li@corannulene as a promising second-order NLO material, and the external electric field provides an efficient strategy for designing and developing NLO switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yao Gan
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing City 401135, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing City 401135, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing City 401135, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Feng-Wei Gao
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing City 401135, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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2
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Li R, Ma B, Li M, Wang D, Liu P, An P. Multi-heteroatom doped nanographenes: enhancing photosensitization capacity by forming an electron donor-acceptor architecture. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11408-11417. [PMID: 39055003 PMCID: PMC11268484 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematically tuning and optimizing the properties of synthetic nanographenes (NGs) is particularly important for NG applications in diverse areas. Herein, by devising novel electron donor-acceptor (D-A) type structures, we reported a series of multi-heteroatom-doped NGs possessing an electron-rich chalcogen and electron-deficient pyrimidine or pyrimidinium rings. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations revealed significantly different physical, optical, and energetic properties compared to the non-doped HBC or chalcogen-doped, non-D-A analogues. Some intriguing properties of the new NGs such as unique electrostatically oriented molecular stacking, red-shifted optical spectra, solvatochromism, and enhanced triplet excitons were observed due to the formation of the D-A electron pattern. More importantly, these D-A type structures can serve as photosensitizers to generate efficiently reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and the structure-related photosensitization capacity that strengthens the electron transfer (ET) process leads to significantly enhanced ROS which was revealed by experimental and calculated studies. As a result, the cell-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) indicated that the cationic NG 1-Me+ is a robust photosensitizer with excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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3
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Hamaguchi N, Kubota T, Yamada M, Kimura H, Tsuji H. Post-Formation of Fused Pentagonal Structure on Fjord Region of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons under Hydrothermal Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400987. [PMID: 38629239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis of cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) via Pt-catalyzed cyclization in water, focusing on the formation of fused pentagonal rings within heavily fused PAH frameworks. Utilizing platinum catalysts at lower temperatures (200-260 °C) in water, led to the successful synthesis of singly cyclized CP-PAHs. The reaction conditions facilitated the mono-cyclization of substrates such as dibenzo[g,p]chrysene and its isomers, yielding the desired products while suppressing the formation of bis-cyclized compounds. The use of Fe2O3 as an additive in conjunction with PtO2 was effective to suppress hydrogenation of the substrates and products. The products exhibited a redshift in UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence bands due to a decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These findings highlight the potential of Pt-catalyzed cyclization for the controlled synthesis of CP-PAHs, with implications for various applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takumi Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
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4
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Wu GY, Huang CL, Kang HW, Ou WT, Ho YS, Cheng MJ, Wu YT. exo-6b 2-Methyl-Substituted Pentabenzocorannulene: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408321. [PMID: 38926096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
exo-6b2-Methyl-substituted pentabenzocorannulene (exo-PBC-Me) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,2,3-triaryl-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene. Its bowl-shaped geometry with an sp3 carbon atom in the backbone and a methyl group located at the convex (exo) face was verified by X-ray crystallography. According to DFT calculations, the observed conformer is energetically more favorable than the endo one by 39.9 kcal/mol. Compared to the nitrogen-doped analogs with intact π-conjugated backbones (see the main text), exo-PBC-Me displayed a deeper bowl depth (avg. 1.93 Å), redshifted and broader absorption (250-620 nm) and emission (from 585 to more than 850 nm) bands and a smaller optical HOMO-LUMO gap (2.01 eV). exo-PBC-Me formed polar crystals where all bowl-in-bowl stacking with close π ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ π contacts is arranged unidirectionally, providing the potential for applications as organic semiconductors and pyroelectric materials. This unusual structural feature, molecular packing, and properties are most likely associated with the assistance of the methyl group and the sp3 carbon atom in the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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Misselwitz E, Spengler J, Rominger F, Kivala M. Indenoannulated Tridecacyclene: An All-Carbon Seven-Stage Redox-Amphoter. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400696. [PMID: 38563636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We disclose an indenoannulated tridecacyclene comprising a central cyclooctatetraene moiety with multiple adjacent pentagonal rings which is accessible in a concise synthetic sequence. The saddle-shaped geometry of the non-benzenoid polycyclic scaffold and its unique packing behavior in the solid state were characterized by X-ray crystallography. In electrochemical studies, the compound undergoes seven reversible redox events comprising five reductions and two oxidations. The dicationic and dianionic species obtained by chemical oxidation and reduction, respectively, were characterized spectroscopically in solution. Density functional theory calculations were applied to provide insights into aromaticity evolution in the respective charged species, highlighting the beneficial effect of the non-benzenoid moieties on charge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Spengler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Watanabe K, Pati NN, Inokuma Y. Contracted porphyrins and calixpyrroles: synthetic challenges and ring-contraction effects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6994-7009. [PMID: 38756809 PMCID: PMC11095365 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ring-contracted porphyrin analogues, such as subporphyrins and calix[3]pyrroles, have recently attracted considerable attention not only as challenging synthetic targets but also as functional macrocyclic compounds. Although canonical porphyrins and calix[4]pyrrole are selectively generated via acid-catalyzed condensation reactions of pyrrole monomers, their tripyrrolic analogues are always missing under similar conditions. Recent progress in synthesis has shown that strain-controlled approaches using boron(iii)-templating, core-modification, or ring tightening provide access to various contracted porphyrins. The tripyrrolic macrocycles are a new class of functional macrocycles exhibiting unique ring-contraction effects, including strong boron chelation and strain-induced ring expansion. This Perspective reviews recent advances in synthetic strategies and the novel ring-contraction effects of subporphyrins, triphyrins(2.1.1), calix[3]pyrroles, and their analogous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Narendra Nath Pati
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
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7
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Huang L, Wang Q, Fu P, Sun Y, Xu J, Browne DL, Huang J. Extended Quinolizinium-Fused Corannulene Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties. JACS AU 2024; 4:1623-1631. [PMID: 38665663 PMCID: PMC11040561 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Reported here is the design and synthesis of a novel class of extended quinolizinium-fused corannulene derivatives with curved geometry. These intriguing molecules were synthesized through a rationally designed synthetic strategy, utilizing double Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis and a rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation (CHAA) as the key steps. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed a bowl depth of 1.28-1.50 Å and a unique "windmill-like" shape packing of 12a(2PF6-) due to the curvature and incorporation of two aminium ions. All of the newly reported curved salts exhibit green to orange fluorescence with enhanced quantum yields (Φf = 9-13%) and improved dispersibility compared to the pristine corannulene (Φf = 1%). The reduced optical energy gap and lower energy frontier orbital found by doping extended corannulene systems with nitrogen cations was investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Electrochemical measurements reveal a greater electron-accepting behavior compared with that of their pyridine analogues. The successful synthesis, isolation, and evaluation of these curved salts provide a fresh perspective and opportunity for the design of cationic nitrogen-doped curved aromatic hydrocarbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Sun
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N
1AX, U.K.
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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8
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Liu J, Hong J, Liao Z, Tan J, Liu H, Dmitrieva E, Zhou L, Ren J, Cao XY, Popov AA, Zou Y, Narita A, Hu Y. Negatively Curved Octagon-Incorporated Aza-nanographene and its Assembly with Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400172. [PMID: 38345140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A negatively curved aza-nanographene (NG) containing two octagons was synthesized by a regioselective and stepwise cyclodehydrogenation procedure, in which a double aza[7]helicene was simultaneously formed as an intermediate. Their saddle-shaped structures with negative curvature were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography, thereby enabling the exploration of the structure-property relationship by photophysical, electrochemical and conformational studies. Moreover, the assembly of the octagon-embedded aza-NG with fullerenes was probed by fluorescence spectral titration, with record-high binding constants (Ka=9.5×103 M-1 with C60, Ka=3.7×104 M-1 with C70) found among reported negatively curved polycyclic aromatic compounds. The tight association of aza-NG with C60 was further elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis of their co-crystal, which showed the formation of a 1 : 1 complex with substantial concave-convex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenxing Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Long Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
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9
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Yao Y, Shao C, Wang S, Gong Q, Liu J, Jiang H, Wang Y. Dual-controlled guest release from coordination cages. Commun Chem 2024; 7:43. [PMID: 38413721 PMCID: PMC10899651 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite having significant applications in the construction of controlled delivery systems with high anti-interference capability, to our knowledge dual-controlled molecular release has not yet been achieved based on small molecular/supramolecular entities. Herein, we report a dual-controlled release system based on coordination cages, for which releasing the guest from the cage demands synchronously altering the coordinative metal cations and the solvent. The cages, Hg5L2 and Ag5L2, are constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly of a corannulene-based ligand. While Hg5L2 shows a solvent-independent guest encapsulation in all the studied solvents, Ag5L2 is able to encapsulate the guests in only some of the solvents, such as acetone-d6, but will liberate the encapsulated guests in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2. Hg5L2 and Ag5L2 are interconvertible. Thus, the release of guests from Hg5L2 in acetone-d6 can be achieved, but requires two separate operations, including metal substitutions and a change of the solvent. Dual-controlled systems as such could be useful in complicated molecular release process to avoid those undesired stimulus-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiufang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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10
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Xing Z, Li SH, An MW, Yang S. Beyond Planar Structure: Curved π-Conjugated Molecules for High-Performing and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301662. [PMID: 38169145 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cell (PSC) shows a great potential to become the next-generation photovoltaic technology, which has stimulated researchers to engineer materials and to innovate device architectures for promoting device performance and stability. As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) keeps advancing, the importance of exploring multifunctional materials for the PSCs has been increasingly recognized. Considerable attention has been directed to the design and synthesis of novel organic π-conjugated molecules, particularly the emerging curved ones, which can perform various unmatched functions for PSCs. In this review, the characteristics of three representative such curved π-conjugated molecules (fullerene, corannulene and helicene) and the recent progress concerning the application of these molecules in state-of-the-art PSCs are summarized and discussed holistically. With this discussion, we hope to provide a fresh perspective on the structure-property relation of these unique materials toward high-performance and high-stability PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Wei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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11
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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12
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Guo Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Han H, Petrukhina MA, Zhou Z. Stepwise deprotonation of truxene: structures, metal complexation, and charge-dependent optical properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13219-13227. [PMID: 38023520 PMCID: PMC10664571 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a planar subunit of C60-fullerene, truxene (C27H18) represents a highly symmetrical rigid hydrocarbon with strong blue emission. Herein, we used truxene as a model to investigate the chemical reactivity of a fullerene fragment with alkali metals. Monoanion, dianion, and trianion products with different alkali metal counterions were crystallized and fully characterized, revealing the core curvature dependence on charge and alkali metal coordination. Moreover, a 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance study coupled with computational analysis demonstrated that deprotonation of the aliphatic CH2 segments introduces aromaticity in the five-membered rings. Importantly, the UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence of truxenyl anions with different charges reveal intriguing charge-dependent optical properties, implying variation of the electronic structure based on the deprotonation process. An increase in aromaticity and π-conjugation yielded a red shift in the absorption and photoluminescent spectra; in particular, large Stokes shifts were observed in the truxenyl monoanion and dianion with high emission quantum yield and time of decay. Overall, stepwise deprotonation of truxene provides the first crystallographically characterized examples of truxenyl anions with three different charges and charge-dependent optical properties, pointing to their potential applications in carbon-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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13
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Zhang J, Zhou G, Un HI, Zheng F, Jastrzembski K, Wang M, Guo Q, Mücke D, Qi H, Lu Y, Wang Z, Liang Y, Löffler M, Kaiser U, Frauenheim T, Mateo-Alonso A, Huang Z, Sirringhaus H, Feng X, Dong R. Wavy Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework with Metallic Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23630-23638. [PMID: 37852932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have emerged as a new class of crystalline layered conducting materials that hold significant promise for applications in electronics and spintronics. However, current 2D c-MOFs are mainly made from organic planar ligands, whereas layered 2D c-MOFs constructed by curved or twisted ligands featuring novel orbital structures and electronic states remain less developed. Herein, we report a Cu-catecholate wavy 2D c-MOF (Cu3(HFcHBC)2) based on a fluorinated core-twisted contorted hexahydroxy-hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene (HFcHBC) ligand. We show that the resulting film is composed of rod-like single crystals with lengths up to ∼4 μm. The crystal structure is resolved by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED), indicating a wavy honeycomb lattice with AA-eclipsed stacking. Cu3(HFcHBC)2 is predicted to be metallic based on theoretical calculation, while the crystalline film sample with numerous grain boundaries apparently exhibits semiconducting behavior at the macroscopic scale, characterized by obvious thermally activated conductivity. Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements on the isolated single-crystal devices indeed demonstrate the metallic nature of Cu3(HFcHBC)2, with a very weak thermally activated transport behavior and a room-temperature conductivity of 5.2 S cm-1. Furthermore, the 2D c-MOFs can be utilized as potential electrode materials for energy storage, which display decent capacity (163.3 F g-1) and excellent cyclability in an aqueous 5 M LiCl electrolyte. Our work demonstrates that wavy 2D c-MOF using contorted ligands are capable of intrinsic metallic transport, marking the emergence of new conductive MOFs for electronic and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Fulu Zheng
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Kamil Jastrzembski
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Quanquan Guo
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - David Mücke
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science Central, Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science Central, Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Yan Liang
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science Central, Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San, Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Báti G, Laxmi S, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene: Scalable and Efficient Preparation of A Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon under Ball Milling Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301087. [PMID: 37581302 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene, a curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is prepared in a multigram scale through mechanochemical synthesis. Initially, a mixer mill approach is examined and found to be suitable for a gram scale synthesis. For larger scales, planetary mills are used. For instance, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle with an isolated yield of 90 %. The yields are lower when the jar rotation rate is lower or higher than 400 revolutions per minute (rpm). Cumulatively, 98 g of corannulene is produced through the ball milling-based grinding techniques. These results indicate the future potential of mechanochemistry in the rational chemical synthesis of highly curved nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoba Laxmi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Miwa K, Aoyagi S, Amaya T, Sasamori T, Morisako S, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Multiply exo-Methylated Corannulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301557. [PMID: 37302982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The curved π-conjugated surface of bowl-shaped corannulene has been multiply methylated to form exo-di-, -tetra-, and -hexamethylated corannulenes. The multimethylations became possible through in-situ iterative reduction/methylation sequences that involve the reduction of corannulenes using sodium to form the anionic corannulene species, and the subsequent SN 2 reaction of the anionic species with reduction-resistant dimethyl sulfate. X-ray diffraction analyses, NMR, MS, UV-Vis measurements, and DFT calculations have revealed the molecular structures of the multimethylated corannulenes and the sequence of the multimethylation. This work has the potential to contribute to the controlled synthesis and characterizations of multifunctionalized fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Miwa
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shogo Morisako
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Khan A. Thiol-epoxy 'click' chemistry: a focus on molecular attributes in the context of polymer chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11028-11044. [PMID: 37642518 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Base-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of epoxides with the thiol nucleophiles is useful in the preparation and post-polymerization modification of synthetic polymers. Due to its many beneficial characteristics, this process is referred to as the thiol-epoxy 'click' reaction. In this article, our aim is to discuss the fundamental attributes of this process by tracing our own steps in the field. We initially address the aspects of efficiency, regio-selectivity, stoichiometry, and reaction conditions with the help of linear, hyperbranched, graft, dendritic, and cross-linked poly(β-hydroxy thioether)s. A special emphasis is placed on hydrogel synthesis and photopolymerization on surfaces. Subsequently, quenching of the alkoxide anion is considered which is a critical step in the formation of the β-hydroxy thioether linkage upon completion of reaction. The amenability of further reaction on the hydroxy and thioether groups through esterification and sulfur alkylation is then discussed. Initially, post-gelation/fabrication modification of sulfide linkages is considered to obtain cationic sulfonium hydrogels and zwitterionic photopatterned networks with antibacterial and antibiofouling properties, respectively. A post-synthesis functionalization strategy is then described to access same centered and segregated main-chain poly(β-hydroxy sulfonium)s as potent antibacterial materials. In side-chain polysulfides, the sequential post-synthesis modifications involving poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffolds can lead to the formation of amphiphilic homopolymers. The application of such materials is discussed in the arena of siRNA delivery. Finally, concerns relating to the formation of disulfide defects and open research goals such as study of the orthogonality of the reaction are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzar Khan
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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17
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Li R, Ma B, Li S, Lu C, An P. Chalcogen-doped, ( seco)-hexabenzocoronene-based nanographenes: synthesis, properties, and chalcogen extrusion conversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8905-8913. [PMID: 37621425 PMCID: PMC10445433 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of chalcogen-doped nanographenes (NGs) and their oxides are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of different chalcogens into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) backbone. All the NGs adopt nonplanar conformations, which would show better solubility compared to planar HBC. Except for the oxygen-doped, saddle-shaped NG, the insertion of large chalcogens like sulfur and selenium leads to a seco-HBC-based, helical geometry. All the three-dimensional structures are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their photophysical properties including UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, chiroptical, charge distribution, and orbital gaps are investigated experimentally or theoretically. The properties of each structure are significantly affected by the doped chalcogen and its related oxidative state. Notably, upon heating or adding an acid, the selenium-doped NG or its oxide undergoes a selenium extrusion reaction to afford seco-HBC or HBC quantitatively, which can be treated as precursors of hydrocarbon HBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Chongdao Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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18
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Xing Z, Liu F, Li SH, Huang X, Fan A, Huang Q, Yang S. Bowl-Assisted Ball Assembly for Solvent-Processing the C 60 Electron Transport Layer of High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305357. [PMID: 37313642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pristine fullerene C60 is an excellent electron transport material for state-of-the-art inverted structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its low solubility leaves thermal evaporation as the only method for depositing it into a high-quality electron transport layer (ETL). To address this problem, we herein introduce a highly soluble bowl-shaped additive, corannulene, to assist in C60 -assembly into a smooth and compact film through the favorable bowl-ball interaction. Our results show that not only corannulene can dramatically enhance the film formability of C60 , it also plays a critical role in forming C60 -corannulene (CC) supramolecular species and in boosting intermolecular electron transport dynamics in the ETL. This strategy has allowed CC devices to deliver high power conversion efficiencies up to 21.69 %, which is the highest value among the PSCs based on the solution-processed-C60 (SP-C60 ) ETL. Moreover, the stability of the CC device is far superior to that of the C60 -only device because corannulene can retard and curb the spontaneous aggregation of C60 . This work establishes the bowl-assisted ball assembly strategy for developing low-cost and efficient SP-C60 ETLs with high promise for fully-SP PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianzhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ajuan Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Insitute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Bachrach SM. The Topology of Molecules with Twelve Fused Phenyl Rings ([12]Circulenes): Rings, Infinitenes, and Möbius Infinitenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent preparation of infinitene (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 862-871), a computational (ωB97XD/6-311G(d)) exploration of 42 isomeric compounds with 12 fused phenyl rings identified structures with linking number of zero (ring, saddle, and ribbon shapes), two (infinitene-like shape), and one (Möbius infinitene shape) is reported. An infinitene isomer composed of two [5]helicene fragments connected to two stacked phenyl rings and a Möbius infinitene isomer are identified that are more stable than the known infinitene. The energies of the structures are examined by assessing their macrocyclization (strain) energies, π-stacking, and possible aromaticity. Examples of fused phenyl molecules with linking numbers of 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shown, indicating the potential topological range that these molecules can possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bachrach
- Artis College of Science and Technology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142 United States
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20
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Li R, Wang D, Li S, An P. Construction of hexabenzocoronene-based chiral nanographenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:736-751. [PMID: 37284588 PMCID: PMC10241098 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade witnessed remarkable success in synthetic molecular nanographenes. Encouraged by the widespread application of chiral nanomaterials, the design, and construction of chiral nanographenes is a hot topic recently. As a classic nanographene unit, hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene generally serves as the building block for nanographene synthesis. This review summarizes the representative examples of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-based chiral nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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21
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Shoji Y, Komiyama R, Kobayashi M, Kosaka A, Kajitani T, Haruki R, Kumai R, Adachi SI, Tada T, Karasawa N, Nakano H, Nakamura H, Sakurai H, Fukushima T. Collective bending motion of a two-dimensionally correlated bowl-stacked columnar liquid crystalline assembly under a shear force. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8202. [PMID: 37172082 PMCID: PMC10181172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stacked teacups inspired the idea that columnar assemblies of stacked bowl-shaped molecules may exhibit a unique dynamic behavior, unlike usual assemblies of planar disc- and rod-shaped molecules. On the basis of the molecular design concept for creating higher-order discotic liquid crystals, found in our group, we synthesized a sumanene derivative with octyloxycarbonyl side chains. This molecule forms an ordered hexagonal columnar mesophase, but unexpectedly, the columnar assembly is very soft, similar to sugar syrup. It displays, upon application of a shear force on solid substrates, a flexible bending motion with continuous angle variations of bowl-stacked columns while preserving the two-dimensional hexagonal order. In general, alignment control of higher-order liquid crystals is difficult to achieve due to their high viscosity. The present system that brings together higher structural order and mechanical softness will spark interest in bowl-shaped molecules as a component for developing higher-order liquid crystals with unique mechanical and stimuli-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Komiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kosaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Open Facility Development Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Karasawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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22
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Zhang B, Ruan L, Zhang YK, Zhang H, Li R, An P. Azepine-Embedded Seco-Hexabenzocoronene-Based Helix Nanographenes: Access to Modification of the Core by N-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2023; 25:732-737. [PMID: 36700631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or nanographenes (NGs) have received increasing attention and are mostly prepared by "bottom-up" strategies. Apparently, systematically tuning the properties of NGs for application is important but challenging. Here, a new type of helix, azepine-embedded NGs, were designed and synthesized by the introduction of NH into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) core. We demonstrate that this nitrogen-doped NG can be functionalized via N-H derivatization. Through modifications to the NH site with a chiral auxiliary reagent, optical resolution of the chiral NG was achieved. Meanwhile, it was found that by introducing various aryl groups with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents, the emission intensity and the fluorescence mechanism can be modulated. Compared to the original NH-containing NG, the modified derivative exhibited improved fluorescence efficiency and tunable emission wavelength. A functionalized structure of benzoic acid with considerably improved fluorescence efficiency, hydrophilicity, and membrane permeability to stain the live cells was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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24
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Okada N, Nakatsuka S, Kawasumi R, Gotoh H, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Synthesis and Late-Stage Diversification of BN-Embedded Dibenzocorannulenes as Efficient Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diode Emitters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202627. [PMID: 36260535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and late-stage diversification of a new class of hetero-buckybowl, BN-embedded dibenzocorannulenes (B2 N2 -DBCs). The synthesis is achieved via one-shot halogenative borylation, comprising the nitrogen-directed haloboration of alkyne and an intramolecular bora-Friedel-Crafts reaction, which provides BN-embedded dibenzocorannulene possessing two bromo substituents (B2 N2 -DBC-Br). B2 N2 -DBC-Br undergoes diversification via coupling reactions to provide a variety of arylated derivatives (B2 N2 -DBC-R), exhibiting strong blue fluorescence. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing one of the derivatives as an emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 6.6 % and long operational lifetime of 907 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , indicating the significant potential for the development of efficient and stable hetero-buckybowl-based OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Okada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawasumi
- SK JNC Japan, Co. Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Comparison of the Conventional and Mechanochemical Syntheses of Cyclodextrin Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020467. [PMID: 36677527 PMCID: PMC9861519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists are working hard to find green alternatives to classical synthetic methods. Today, state-of-the-art ultrasonic and grinding techniques already drive the production of organic compounds on an industrial scale. The physicochemical and chemical behavior of cyclodextrins often differs from the typical properties of classic organic compounds and carbohydrates. The usually poor solubility and complexing properties of cyclodextrins can require special techniques. By eliminating or reducing the amount of solvent needed, green alternatives can reform classical synthetic methods, making them attractive for environmentally friendly production and the circular economy. The lack of energy-intensive synthetic and purification steps could transform currently inefficient processes into feasible methods. Mechanochemical reaction mechanisms are generally different from normal solution-chemistry mechanisms. The absence of a solvent and the presence of very high local temperatures for microseconds facilitate the synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives that are impossible or difficult to produce under classical solution-chemistry conditions. Although mechanochemistry does not provide a general solution to all problems, several good examples show that this new technology can open up efficient synthetic pathways.
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27
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Báti G, Csókás D, Giurgi GI, Zhou J, Szolga LA, Webster RD, Stuparu MC. Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors Based on Hybridisation of Corannulene and Thiophene-S,S-Dioxide Motifs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203856. [PMID: 36598176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we show that hybridisation of buckybowl corannulene and thiophene-S,S-dioxide motifs is a general approach for the preparation of high electron affinity molecular materials. The devised synthesis is modular and relies on thienannulation of corannnulene-based phenylacetylene scaffolds. The final compounds are highly soluble in common organic solvents. These compounds also exhibit interesting optical properties such as absorption and emission in the blue/green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Importantly, a bis-S,S-dioxide derivative exhibits three reversible reductions similar in their strength to the prevalent fullerene-based electron acceptor phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gavril-Ionel Giurgi
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorant A Szolga
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Richard D Webster
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Sacristán-Martín A, Miguel D, Diez-Varga A, Barbero H, Álvarez CM. From Induced-Fit Assemblies to Ternary Inclusion Complexes with Fullerenes in Corannulene-Based Molecular Tweezers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16691-16706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Celedonio M. Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
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29
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Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Baranac‐Stojanović M. Aromaticity Study of Singlet and Triplet State Corannulene Dianion and Dication. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade ‐ Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy ‐ Center for Chemistry Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade ‐ Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy ‐ Center for Chemistry Belgrade Serbia
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30
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Yamada M, Sawazaki T, Fujita M, Asanoma F, Nishikawa Y, Kawai T. Tetrathienyl Corannulene Compounds with Highly Sensitive Photochromism. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201286. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tomoya Sawazaki
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mae Fujita
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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31
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Bergner J, Walla C, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Kivala M. Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201554. [PMID: 35652474 PMCID: PMC9543126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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32
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Hong J, Xiao X, Liu H, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Yu Z, Li M, Ohto T, Liu J, Narita A, Liu P, Tada H, Cao X, Wang X, Zou Y, Müllen K, Hu Y. Controlling the Emissive, Chiroptical, and Electrochemical Properties of Double [7] Helicenes through Embedded Aromatic Rings. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202243. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Xuxian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zidong Yu
- College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐De Li
- College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 P. R. China
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son, Kunigami-gun Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Xiao‐Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
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33
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Xing Z, An MW, Chen ZC, Hu M, Huang X, Deng LL, Zhang Q, Guo X, Xie SY, Yang S. Surface Re-Engineering of Perovskites with Buckybowls to Boost the Inverted-Type Photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13839-13850. [PMID: 35862295 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their multifaceted advantages, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still suffer from lower power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than their regular counterparts, which is largely due to recombination energy losses (Eloss) that arise from the chemical, physical, and energy level mismatches, especially at the interfaces between perovskites and fullerene electron transport layers (ETLs). To address this problem, we herein introduce an aminium iodide derivative of a buckybowl (aminocorannulene) that is molecularly layered at the perovskite-ETL interface. Strikingly, besides passivating the PbI2-rich perovskite surface, the aminocorannulene enforces a vertical dipole and enhances the surface n-type character that is more compatible with the ETL, thus boosting the electron extraction and transport dynamics and suppressing interfacial Eloss. As a result, the champion PSC achieves an excellent PCE of over 22%, which is superior compared to that of the control device (∼20%). Furthermore, the device stability is significantly enhanced, owing to a lock-and-key-like grip on the mobile iodides by the buckybowls and the resultant increase of the interfacial ion-migration barrier. This work highlights the potential of buckybowls for the multifunctional surface engineering of perovskite toward high-performance and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ming-Wei An
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xianzhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lin-Long Deng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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34
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Fernández-García JM, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Stepwise reduction of a corannulene-based helical molecular nanographene with Na metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5574-5577. [PMID: 35353101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a corannulene-based molecular nanographene, C76H64 (1), with Na metal in the presence of 18-crown-6 afforded the doubly-reduced state of 1. This reduction provokes a distortion of the helicene core and has a significant impact on the aromaticity of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Zhou Z, Fernández‐García JM, Zhu Y, Evans PJ, Rodríguez R, Crassous J, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Site‐Specific Reduction‐Induced Hydrogenation of a Helical Bilayer Nanographene with K and Rb Metals: Electron Multiaddition and Selective Rb
+
Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University 4800 Cao'an Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Paul J. Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS—Univ. Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS—Univ. Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Faraday, 9 28049 Madrid Spain
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36
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Fernández-García JM, Izquierdo-García P, Buendía M, Filippone S, Martín N. Synthetic chiral molecular nanographenes: the key figure of the racemization barrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2634-2645. [PMID: 35139140 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the most intriguing concepts of chemistry, involving living systems and, more recently, materials science. In particular, the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes endowed with one or several chiral elements is a current challenge for the chemical community. The wilful introduction of defects in the sp2 honeycomb lattice of molecular nanographenes allows the preparation of chiral molecules with tuned band-gaps and chiroptical properties. There are two requirements that a system must fulfill to be chiral: (i) lack of inversion elements (planes or inversion centres) and (ii) to be configurationally stable. The first condition is inherently established by the symmetry group of the structure, however, the limit between conformational and configurational isomers is not totally clear. In this feature article, the chirality and dynamics of synthetic molecular nanographenes, with special emphasis on their racemization barriers and, therefore, the stability of their chiroptical properties are discussed. The general features of nanographenes and their bottom-up synthesis, including the main defects inducing chirality in molecular nanographenes are firstly discussed. In this regard, the most common topological defects of molecular NGs as well as the main techniques used for determining their energy barriers are presented. Then, the manuscript is structured according to the dynamics of molecular nanographenes, classifying them in four main groups, depending on their respective isomerization barriers, as flexible, detectable, isolable and rigid nanographenes. In these sections, the different strategies used to increase the isomerization barrier of chiral molecular nanographenes that lead to configurationally stable nanographenes with defined chiroptical properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Filippone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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38
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Xu Q, Wang C, Chen X, Wang Y, Shen Z, Jiang H. Corannulene-based acenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of diacenes still represents a considerable challenge due to their poor stability and low solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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39
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Kunioka N, Furukawa M, Hashimoto S, Tahara K. Synthesis, electronic properties, and self-assembly of an alkylated dibenzo(biscorannulene). Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a novel fully-conjugated biscorannulene derivative were reported. This biscorannulene derivative shows self-association in solution and adopts a stacked geometry in crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kunioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masazumi Furukawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
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40
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Li R, Ma B, He RY, Zhang B, Zhang YK, Feng SY, An P. Azepine- or Oxepine-embedded Double Saddle-Helix Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101365. [PMID: 34904381 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azepine- and oxepine-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 1-3, as the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based nanographenes (NG) were designed and synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of cyclic alkene with tetrachlorothiophene-S,S-dioxide, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Scholl-type cyclodehydrogenation. Due to the strained seven-membered ring and the inherent structural pattern, heteroatom-doped NGs 1-3 show Cs symmetrical, double saddle-helix hybrid conformation, which represents a new shape for HBC based nanographenes. The calculation studies reveal the low aromaticity of the 8π heterocycles themselves and the heterocycles also decrease the electron delocalization of benzenes surrounding them. Dynamics-based calculation suggests the Cs symmetry would maintain druing the saddle-inversion process. Meanwhile, we show property perturbation by doping with different heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ying He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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41
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Zhou Z, Fernández-García JM, Zhu Y, Evans PJ, Rodríguez R, Crassous J, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Site-Specific Reduction-Induced Hydrogenation of a Helical Bilayer Nanographene with K and Rb Metals: Electron Multiaddition and Selective Rb + Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115747. [PMID: 34875130 PMCID: PMC9300088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of π‐conjugated bilayer nanographene 1 (C138H120) with K and Rb in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 affords [K+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)2][{K+(18‐crown‐6)}2(THF)0.5][C138H1223−] (2) and [Rb+(18‐crown‐6)2][{Rb+(18‐crown‐6)}2(C138H1223−)] (3). Whereas K+ cations are fully solvent‐separated from the trianionic core thus affording a “naked” 1.3− anion, Rb+ cations are coordinated to the negatively charged layers of 1.3−. According to DFT calculations, the localization of the first two electrons in the helicene moiety leads to an unprecedented site‐specific hydrogenation process at the carbon atoms located on the edge of the helicene backbone. This uncommon reduction‐induced site‐specific hydrogenation provokes dramatic changes in the (electronic) structure of 1 as the helicene backbone becomes more compressed and twisted upon chemical reduction, which results in a clear slippage of the bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paul J Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Univ. Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Univ. Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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42
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An P, Ma B, Xiao MJ, Liu PJ. Synthesis of Azepine- or Azocine-Embedded Hexabenzocoronene-Based Nanographenes. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1702-4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClassical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of π-conjugated planar structures. To explore more properties of PAHs, new structures have been designed, including some with nonplanar topologies and heteroatom-containing moieties. As important nanographene (NG) units, hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and its derivatives have been intensively researched. Many HBC-based nonplanar NGs have been developed, and heteroatom-doped HBC-based NGs have also been designed and synthesized. Here, we summarize some methods for the synthesis of HBC-based NGs containing a seven- or eight-membered ring, and we discuss our newly synthesized NGs containing embedded azepine or azocine moieties, obtained by a modified synthetic route and a conventional Müllen’s synthetic method, respectively.
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43
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five-Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo- and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112589. [PMID: 34738305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripherally π-extended corannulenes bearing quintuple azahelicene units, 10 and 11, were prepared and their dynamic behaviors were studied experimentally and theoretically. The fused corannulenes were synthesized from sym-pentabromocorannulene in three steps. X-Ray diffraction analysis for 10 displayed a conformer possessing a P(M) bowl chirality and a PPMPM (PMPMM) helical chirality, which was found to be the most stable conformer(s). Variable-temperature NMR measurements of 10 and 11 revealed that their structural isomers can be interconvertible in solution, depending on the steric congestion around the helical scaffolds. Automated search for conformers in the equilibrium and transition states by Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) method revealed their interconversion networks, including bowl-inversion and helical-inversion. This analysis indicated that the co-existing corannulene and azahelicene moieties influence the conformational dynamics, which leads to mitigation of the activation energy barriers for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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44
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Leith GA, Shustova NB. Graphitic supramolecular architectures based on corannulene, fullerene, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10125-10138. [PMID: 34523630 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we survey the advances made in the field of fulleretic materials over the last five years. Merging the intriguing characteristics of fulleretic molecules with hierarchical materials can lead to enhanced properties of the latter for applications in optoelectronic, biomaterial, and heterogeneous catalysis sectors. As there has been significant growth in the development of fullerene- and corannulene-containing materials, this article will focus on studies performed during the last five years exclusively, and highlight the recent trends in designing fulleretic compounds and understanding their properties, that has enriched the repertoire of carbon-rich functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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45
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Herbert JM. Neat, Simple, and Wrong: Debunking Electrostatic Fallacies Regarding Noncovalent Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7125-7137. [PMID: 34388340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multipole moments such as charge, dipole, and quadrupole are often invoked to rationalize intermolecular phenomena, but a low-order multipole expansion is rarely a valid description of electrostatics at the length scales that characterize nonbonded interactions. This is illustrated by examining several common misunderstandings rooted in erroneous electrostatic arguments. First, the notion that steric repulsion originates in Coulomb interactions is easily disproved by dissecting the interaction potential for Ar2. Second, the Hunter-Sanders model of π-π interactions, which is based on quadrupolar electrostatics, is shown to have no basis in accurate calculations. Third, curved "buckybowls" exhibit unusually large dipole moments, but these are ancillary to the forces that control their intermolecular interactions, as illustrated by two examples involving corannulene. Finally, the assumption that interactions between water and small anions are dictated by the dipole moment of H2O is shown to be false in the case of binary halide-water complexes. These examples present a compelling case that electrostatic explanations based on low-order multipole moments are very often counterfactual for nonbonded interactions at close range and should not be taken seriously in the absence of additional justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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46
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Abstract
Bonding and aromaticity in the bowl-shaped C5v and planar D5h geometries of corannulene and the planar D6h geometry of coronene are investigated using 3D isosurfaces and 2D contour plots of the isotropic magnetic shielding σiso(r) and, for planar geometries, of the out-of-plane component of the shielding tensor σzz(r). Corannulene and coronene both feature conjoined shielded “doughnuts” around a peripheral six-membered carbon ring, suggesting strong bonding interactions and aromatic stability; a deshielded region inside the hub ring of corannulene indicates that this ring is antiaromatic, more so in planar corannulene. The switch from the planar to the bowl-shaped geometry of corannulene is shown to enhance both bonding and the local aromaticities of the five- and six-membered rings; these factors, in addition to ring strain reduction, favour the bowl-shaped geometry. The most and least shielded bonds in both corannulene and coronene turn out to be the spoke and hub bonds, respectively. The higher π electron activity over spoke bonds in planar corannulene and coronene is supported by σzz(r) contour plots in planes 1 Å above the respective molecular planes; these findings about spoke bonds are somewhat unexpected, given that ring current studies indicate next to no currents over spoke bonds.
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