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Wang L, Zhang J, Li C, Dang W, Guo W, Xie J, Zhou F, Zhang Q. Access to 2,4-Disubstituted Pyrrole-Based Polymer with Long-Wavelength and Stimuli-Responsive Properties via Copper-Catalyzed [3+2] Polycycloaddition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300652. [PMID: 38407457 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrole-based polymers (PBPs), a type of fascinating functional polymers, play a crucial role in materials science. However, efficient synthetic strategies of PBPs with diverse structures are mainly focused on conjugated polypyrroles and still remain challenging. Herein, an atom and step economy protocol is described to access various 2,4-disubstituted PBPs by in situ formation of pyrrole core structure via copper-catalyzed [3+2] polycycloaddition of dialkynones and diisocyanoacetates. A series of PBPs is prepared with high molecular weight (Mw up to 18 200 Da) and moderate to good yield (up to 87%), which possesses a fluorescent emission located in the green to yellow light region. Blending the PBPs with polyvinyl alcohol, the stretchable composite films exhibit a significant strengthening of the mechanical properties (tensile stress up to 59 MPa, elongation at break >400%) and an unprecedented stress-responsive luminescence enhancement that over fourfold fluorescent emission intensity is maintained upon stretching up to 100%. On the basis of computational studies, the unique photophysical and mechanical properties are attributed to the substitution of carbonyl chromophores on the pyrrole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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2
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Yang J, Tan Q, Li K, Liao J, Hao Y, Chen Y. Advances and Trends of Photoresponsive Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1921-1945. [PMID: 38457377 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of static hydrogels as an optimal choice for bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains a difficult challenge primarily due to the intricate nature of bone healing processes, continuous physiological functions, and pathological changes. Hence, there is an urgent need to exploit smart hydrogels with programmable properties that can effectively enhance bone regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that photoresponsive hydrogels are promising bioscaffolds for BTE due to their advantages such as controlled drug release, cell fate modulation, and the photothermal effect. Here, we review the current advances in photoresponsive hydrogels. The mechanism of photoresponsiveness and its advanced applications in bone repair are also elucidated. Future research would focus on the development of more efficient, safer, and smarter photoresponsive hydrogels for BTE. This review is aimed at offering comprehensive guidance on the trends of photoresponsive hydrogels and shedding light on their potential clinical application in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qingqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ying Hao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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3
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Singh H, Kumar R, Mazumder A. Pyrazoline and Analogs: Substrate-based Synthetic Strategies. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:823-836. [PMID: 37608650 DOI: 10.2174/1570179421666230822100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the many reports published on strategies applicable to synthesizing pyrazolines and its analogs, The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition offers a remarkably wide range of utility. Many 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions used for the synthesis of pyrazolines provide better selectivity, eco-friendly, and less expensive chemical processes. In the presented study, we have reviewed various recently adopted strategies for the synthesis of pyrazoline, which followed the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions mechanism and classified them based on starting materials such as nitrile imines, diazo compounds, different zwitter ions, chalcones, and isoprene units. The manuscript also focused on the synthesis of pyrazolines starting from Seyferth-Gilbert reagents (SGR) and Psilostachyin (PSH) reagents. We hope this work will help those engaged or have plans to research pyrazoline or its analogs, as synthetic protocols based on starting material are rarely available for pyrazolines. Thus, this article holds a valuable complement to the development of newer pyrazoline and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
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4
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Artico M, Roux C, Peruch F, Mingotaud AF, Montanier CY. Grafting of proteins onto polymeric surfaces: A synthesis and characterization challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108106. [PMID: 36738895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at answering the following question: how can a researcher be sure to succeed in grafting a protein onto a polymer surface? Even if protein immobilization on solid supports has been used industrially for a long time, hence enabling natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool, emergence of new supports such as polymeric surfaces for the development of so-called intelligent materials requires new approaches. In this review, we introduce the challenges in grafting protein on synthetic polymers, mainly because compared to hard surfaces, polymers may be sensitive to various aqueous media, depending on the pH or reductive molecules, or may exhibit state transitions with temperature. Then, the specificity of grafting on synthetic polymers due to difference of chemical functions availability or difference of physical properties are summarized. We present next the various available routes to covalently bond the protein onto the polymeric substrates considering the functional groups coming from the monomers used during polymerization reaction or post-modification of the surfaces. We also focus our review on a major concern of grafting protein, which is avoiding the potential loss of function of the immobilized protein. Meanwhile, this review considers the different methods of characterization used to determine the grafting efficiency but also the behavior of enzymes once grafted. We finally dedicate the last part of this review to industrial application and future prospective, considering the sustainable processes based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artico
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Roux
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - F Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - C Y Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Biswas S, Das A. A Versatile Step-Growth Polymerization Route to Functional Polyesters from an Activated Diester Monomer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203849. [PMID: 36511092 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and efficient condensation polymerization route to aliphatic polyesters by organo-catalyzed (4-dimethylaminopyridine) transesterification reactions between an activated pentafluorophenyl-diester of adipic acid and structurally different diols. By introducing "monofunctional impurity" or "stoichiometric imbalance," this methodology can afford well-defined end-functionalized polyesters with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersity under mild conditions without any necessity for the removal of the byproducts to accelerate the polymerization reaction, which remains a major challenge in conventional polyester synthesis with non-activated diesters. Wide substrate scope with structurally different monomers and the synthesis of block copolymers by chain extension following either ring-opening polymerization or controlled radical polymerization have been successfully demonstrated. Some of the polyesters synthesized by this newly introduced approach show high thermal stability, crystallinity, and enzymatic degradation in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Biswas
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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6
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Combining thermosensitive physical self-assembly and covalent cycloaddition chemistry as simultaneous dual cross-linking mechanisms for the preparation of injectable hydrogels with tuneable properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Sharif A, Sun HR, Xu WL, Gou BB, Yang L, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou L. A Dehydrogenative Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyranones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4316-4321. [PMID: 35699407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient dehydrogenative inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of isopropyl and prenyl benzene derivatives with electron-deficient dienes followed by decarboxylation has been reported for the first time. The much broader substrate scope of dienophiles and electron-deficient dienes led to biologically valuable pyranones in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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8
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Farh MK, Gruschwitz FV, Ziegenbalg N, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Weigand W, Brendel JC. Dual Function of β-hydroxy Dithiocinnamic Esters: RAFT Agent and Ligand for Metal Complexation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200428. [PMID: 35751415 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) process has become a versatile tool for the preparation of defined polymers tolerating a large variety of functional groups. Several dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, or dithiocarbamates have been developed as effective chain transfer agents (CTA), but only few examples have been reported, where the resulting end groups are directly considered for a secondary use besides controlling the polymerization. We here demonstrate that β-hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters represent a hitherto overlooked class of materials, which were originally designed for the complexation of transition metals but might as well act as reversible CTA. Modified with a suitable leaving group (R-group), these vinyl conjugated dithioesters indeed provide reasonable control over the polymerization of acrylates, acrylamides, or styrene via the RAFT process. Kinetic studies revealed linear evolutions of molar mass with conversion, while different substituents on the aromatic unit had only a minor influence. Block extensions prove the livingness of the polymer chains, although extended polymerization times may lead to side reactions. The resulting dithiocinnamic ester end groups are still able to form complexes with platinum, which verifies that the structural integrity of the end group is maintained. These findings open a versatile new route to tailor-made polymer bound metal complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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9
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Yan J, Gundsambuu B, Krasowska M, Platts K, Facal Marina P, Gerber C, Barry SC, Blencowe A. Injectable Diels-Alder cycloaddition hydrogels with tuneable gelation, stiffness and degradation for the sustained release of T-lymphocytes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3329-3343. [PMID: 35380575 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered T-cell therapies have proven highly efficacious for the treatment of haematological cancers, but translation of this success to solid tumours has been limited, in part, due to difficulties in maintaining high doses at specific target sites. Hydrogel delivery systems that provide a sustained release of T-cells at the target site are emerging as a promising strategy. Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop an injectable hydrogel that gels in situ via efficient Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DAC) chemistry and provides a sustained release of T-cells through gradual hydrolysis of the hydrogel matrix. Hydrogels were prepared via the DAC between fulvene and maleimide functionalised poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives. By adjusting the concentration and molecular weight of the functionalised PEGs in the hydrogel formulation the in vitro gelation time (Tgel), initial Young's modulus (E) and degradation time (Td) could be tailored from 15-150 min, 5-179 kPa and 7-114 h, respectively. Prior to gelation, the formulations could be readily injected through narrow gauge (26 G) needles with the working time correlating closely with the Tgel. A 5 wt% hydrogel formation with conjugated cyclic RGD motif was found to be optimal for the encapsulation and release of CD3+ T-cells with a near linear release profile and >70% cell viability over the first 4 d and release continuing out to 7 d. With their tuneable Tgel, Td and stiffness, the DAC hydrogels provide the opportunity to control the release period and profile of encapsulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Marta Krasowska
- Surface Interaction and Soft Matter (SISM) Group, Future Industries Institute (FII), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Kirsten Platts
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Paula Facal Marina
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Cobus Gerber
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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10
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Recent Advances in Copper-Based Solid Heterogeneous Catalysts for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042383. [PMID: 35216495 PMCID: PMC8874673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is considered to be the most representative ligation process within the context of the “click chemistry” concept. This CuAAC reaction, which yields compounds containing a 1,2,3-triazole core, has become relevant in the construction of biologically complex systems, bioconjugation strategies, and supramolecular and material sciences. Although many CuAAC reactions are performed under homogenous conditions, heterogenous copper-based catalytic systems are gaining exponential interest, relying on the easy removal, recovery, and reusability of catalytically copper species. The present review covers the most recently developed copper-containing heterogenous solid catalytic systems that use solid inorganic/organic hybrid supports, and which have been used in promoting CuAAC reactions. Due to the demand for 1,2,3-triazoles as non-classical bioisosteres and as framework-based drugs, the CuAAC reaction promoted by solid heterogenous catalysts has greatly improved the recovery and removal of copper species, usually by simple filtration. In so doing, the solving of the toxicity issue regarding copper particles in compounds of biological interest has been achieved. This protocol is also expected to produce a practical chemical process for accessing such compounds on an industrial scale.
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11
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Chernikova EV, Kudryavtsev YV. RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030570. [PMID: 35160559 PMCID: PMC8838018 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
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12
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Heterocycles by Consecutive Multicomponent Syntheses via Catalytically Generated Alkynoyl Intermediates. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent processes are beneficial tools for the synthesis of heterocycles. As densely substituted bifunctional electrophiles, ynones are essential intermediates by applying cyclocondensations or cycloadditions in numerous heterocycle syntheses. The respective alkynoyl intermediates are generally accessible by palladium-, copper- and palladium/copper-catalyzed alkynylation. In turn, the mild reaction conditions allow for a fast and versatile entry to functional heterocycles in the sense of consecutive multicomponent processes. This review collates and presents recent advances in accessing thirteen heterocycle classes and their applications by virtue of catalytic alkynoyl generation in diversity-oriented multicomponent syntheses in a one-pot fashion.
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13
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Zhou Z, Wang Y, Zhu L, Dang D, Zhang Z. Tributylphosphine-catalyzed aziridine-based cycloaddition polymerization toward thiacyclic polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition polymerization of bis(N-sulfonyl aziridine)s with diisocyanates in the presence of tributylphosphine allows the facile synthesis of poly(thiazolidin-2-imine)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dai Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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14
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Bingham NM, Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Collins K, Roth PJ. Thiocarbonyl Chemistry in Polymer Science. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organised by reaction type, this review highlights the unique reactivity of thiocarbonyl (C=S) groups with radicals, anions, nucleophiles, electrophiles, in pericyclic reactions, and in the presence of light. In the...
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15
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Huang L, Carter MJ, Pelet JM, Putnam D. An amphiphilic polymer for the synthesis of diverse polymer libraries exemplified using conjugates with lower critical solution temperatures that span water's liquid state. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Huang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Madeline J. Carter
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Jeisa M. Pelet
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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16
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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Click reaction in the synthesis of dendrimer drug-delivery systems. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3445-3470. [PMID: 34711155 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are technologies designed for the targeted delivery and controlled release of medicinal agents. Among the materials employed as drug delivery systems, dendrimers have gained increasing interest in recent years because of their properties and structural characteristics. The use of dendrimer-nanocarrier formulations enhances the safety and bioavailability, increases the solubility in water, improves stability and pharmacokinetic profile, and enables efficient delivery of the target drug to a specific site. However, the synthesis of dendritic architectures through convergent or divergent methods has drawbacks and limitations that disrupt aspects related to design and construction and consequently slow down the transfer from academia to industry. In that sense, the implementation of click chemistry has been received increasing attention in the last years, because offers new efficient approaches to obtain dendritic species in good yields and higher monodispersity. This review focuses on recent strategies for building dendrimer drug delivery systems using click reactions from 2015 to early 2021. The dendritic structures showed in this review are based on β-cyclodextrins (β-CD), poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), dendritic poly (lysine) (PLLD), dimethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA), phosphoramidate (PAD), and poly(propargyl alcohol-4-mercaptobutyric (PPMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
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17
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Briou B, Améduri B, Boutevin B. Trends in the Diels-Alder reaction in polymer chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11055-11097. [PMID: 34605835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair technology, as well as other applications in controlled macromolecular architectures and crosslinking, have strongly boosted the research activity, which is still attracting a huge interest in both academic and industrial research. The DA reaction is a simple and scalable toolbox. Though it is well-established that furan/maleimide is the most studied diene/dienophile couple, this perspective article reports strategies using other reversible systems with deeper features on other types of diene/dienophile pairs being either petro-sourced (cyclopentadiene, anthracene) or bio-sourced (muconic and sorbic acids, myrcene and farnesene derivatives, eugenol, cardanol). This review is composed of four sections. The first one briefly recalls the background on the DA reactions involving cyclodimerizations, dienes, and dienophiles, parameters affecting the reaction, while the second part deals with the furan/maleimide reaction. The third one deals with petro-sourced and bio-sourced (or products becoming bio-sourced) reactants involved in DA reactions are also listed and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion is given on the potential future of the crosslinking-decrosslinking reaction, especially regarding the process (e.g., key temperatures of decrosslinking) or possibly monocomponents. It presents both fundamental and applied research on the DA reaction and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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18
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Geiselhart CM, Mutlu H. The Vibrant Interplay of Light and Self‐Reporting Macromolecular Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory (SML) Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory (SML) Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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19
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Triazolyl Conjugated (Oligo)Phenothiazines Building Blocks for Hybrid Materials-Synthesis and Electronic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102950. [PMID: 34063537 PMCID: PMC8156644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition variant provides a highly efficient entry to conjugated triazolyl-substituted (oligo)phenothiazine organosilicon derivatives with luminescence and reversible redox characteristics. Furthermore, by in-situ co-condensation synthesis several representative mesoporous MCM-41 type silica hybrid materials with embedded (oligo)phenothiazines are prepared and characterized with respect to their structural and electronic properties. The hybrid materials also can be oxidized to covalently bound embedded radical cations, which are identified by their UV/Vis absorption signature and EPR signals.
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20
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Arslan M, Ceylan O, Arslan R, Tasdelen MA. Facile UV-induced covalent modification and crosslinking of styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer via Paterno-Büchi [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8585-8593. [PMID: 35423409 PMCID: PMC8695305 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical functionalization or modification of polymers to alter or improve the physical and mechanical properties constitutes an important field in macromolecular research. Fabrication of polymeric materials via structural tailoring of commercial or commodity polymers that are produced in vast quantities especially possess unique advantages in material applications. In the present study, we report on benign chemical modification of unsaturated styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) copolymer using available backbone alkene groups. Covalent attachment of aldehyde functional substrates onto reactive isoprene double bond residues was conveniently carried out using UV-induced Paterno–Büchi [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Model organic compounds with different structures were utilized in high efficiency chemical modification of parent polymer chains via oxetane ring formation. Functionalization studies were confirmed via1H NMR, FT-IR and SEC analyses. The methodology was extended to covalent crosslinking of polymer chains to obtain organogels with tailorable crosslinking degrees and physical characteristics. Considering the outstanding elastic properties of unsaturated rubbers and their high commercial availability, abundant reactive double bonds in backbone chains of these polymers offer easy to implement structural modification via proposed Paterno–Büchi photocycloaddition. Paterno–Büchi reaction is reported as a convenient chemical reaction tool to modify unsaturated copolymer elastomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Central Research Laboratory, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Rabia Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
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22
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Huang G, Kouklovsky C, Torre A. Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions of 2‐Pyrones: Bridged Lactones and Beyond. Chemistry 2021; 27:4760-4788. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Aurélien Torre
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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23
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Lequieu J, Magenau AJD. Reaction-induced phase transitions with block copolymers in solution and bulk. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reaction-induced phase transitions use chemical reactions to drive macromolecular organisation and self-assembly. This review highlights significant and recent advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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24
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Hwang SH, Choi TL. Tandem diaza-Cope rearrangement polymerization: turning intramolecular reaction into powerful polymerization to give enantiopure materials for Zn 2+ sensors. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2404-2409. [PMID: 34164005 PMCID: PMC8179250 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
[3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement is a powerful reaction to form C–C bonds stereospecifically; however, owing to intrinsic simultaneous bond formation and breakage, this versatile method has not been utilized in polymerization. Herein, we report a new tandem diaza-Cope rearrangement polymerization (DCRP) that can synthesize polymers with defect-free C–C bond formation from easy and efficient imine formation. A mechanistic investigation by in situ1H NMR experiments suggests that this polymerization proceeds by a rapid DCR process, forming an enantiospecific C–C bond that occurs almost simultaneously with imine formation. This polymerization produces not only highly stable polymers against hydrolysis due to resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHBs) but also chiral polymers containing enantiopure salen moieties, which lead to high-performance Zn2+-selective turn-on chemosensors with up to 73-fold amplification. We also found that their optical activities and sensing performances are heavily dependent on the reaction temperature, which significantly affects the stereoselectivity of DCR. Herein, we report a new tandem diaza-Cope rearrangement polymerization synthesizing enantiopure polymers with defect-free C–C bond formation. Furthermore, these polymers can be applied as high-performance turn-on Zn2+ sensors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
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25
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Beloqui A, Mane SR, Langer M, Glassner M, Bauer DM, Fruk L, Barner‐Kowollik C, Delaittre G. Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition mit RAFT‐Polymeren als Biokonjugationsplattform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU) Avda. Manuel de Lardizabal 3 E-20018 Donostia – San Sebastian Spanien
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3 E-48013 Bilbao Spanien
| | - Shivshankar R. Mane
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Langer
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Dennis M. Bauer
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Organic Functional Molecules Organic Chemistry University of Wuppertal Gaußstrasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
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26
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Beloqui A, Mane SR, Langer M, Glassner M, Bauer DM, Fruk L, Barner‐Kowollik C, Delaittre G. Hetero-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition with RAFT Polymers as Bioconjugation Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19951-19955. [PMID: 32729643 PMCID: PMC7693046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the bioconjugation of polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization, bearing no specific functional end group, by means of hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition through their inherent terminal thiocarbonylthio moiety with a diene-modified model protein. Quantitative conjugation occurs over the course of a few hours, at ambient temperature and neutral pH, and in the absence of any catalyst. Our technology platform affords thermoresponsive bioconjugates, whose aggregation is solely controlled by the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU)Avda. Manuel de Lardizabal 3E-20018Donostia – San SebastianSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceMaria Diaz de Haro 3E-48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Shivshankar R. Mane
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Langer
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Dennis M. Bauer
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a76131KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeWest Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Organic Functional MoleculesOrganic ChemistryUniversity of WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee − Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Johnathan N. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee − Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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28
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Xu F, Zhu J. Reaction Mechanisms on [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azides with Metal Carbyne Complexes: Significant Effects of Aromaticity, Substituent, and Metal Center. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7318-7324. [PMID: 32338878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the reaction mechanisms on [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of azides with metal carbyne complexes. Our results reveal that the formation of a 1,4-metallatriazole regioisomer is a kinetically favorable process in comparison with the formation of 1,5-metallatriazole. Aromaticity plays an important role in stabilizing the products in these reactions. Further analyses show that the electron-donating ligand on metal centers or the electron-withdrawing group on the azide could accelerate the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. All of these findings could be useful for experimental chemists to develop "click reactions" in organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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29
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Supramolecular block copolymers as novel UV and NIR responsive nanocarriers based on a photolabile coumarin unit. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Diastereoselective thermal [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrone possessing an amide functional group as hydrogen bond donor/acceptor. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Theoretical Analysis of the Mechanism of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Benzodiazepine with N-Aryl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitrilimine. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8695405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism and regio- and no-periselectivity of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 2,4-dimethyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine with N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitrilimine have been studied using the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. IRC calculations and activation energies show that this reaction follows an asynchronous concerted mechanism. The two C=N sites of 2,4-dimethyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine are easily reached by the dipole, and the energy barrier between the reagents and the transition states is too weak. The secondary barriers are traversed by the heat released in the reaction medium after the crossing of the first TS, which facilitates the addition reaction and does not require high energy. The obtained results of this study are in good agreement with experimental outcomes.
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32
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Howe DH, Jenewein KJ, Hart JL, Taheri ML, Magenau AJD. Functionalization-induced self-assembly under ambient conditions via thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer micelles were formed using thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry to trigger functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) of block copolymers by modifying a reactive glycidyl methacrylate block with solvophobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Ken J. Jenewein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - James L. Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Mitra L. Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
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33
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Tuten BT, Wiedbrauk S, Barner-Kowollik C. Contemporary catalyst-free photochemistry in synthetic macromolecular science. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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35
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Molle E, Le D, Norizadeh Abbariki T, Akdemir MS, Takamiya M, Miceli E, Kassel O, Delaittre G. Access to Photoreactive Core‐Shell Nanomaterials by Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Molle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dao Le
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tannaz Norizadeh Abbariki
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Meryem S. Akdemir
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Enrico Miceli
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76244 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute for Applied Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Applied Sciences Aachen Heinrich-Mussmann-Strasse 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West (DTNW) gGmbH Adlerstrasse 1 47798 Krefeld Germany
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36
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Wang CG, Chong AML, Lu Y, Liu X, Goto A. Metal-Free Fast Azidation by Using Tetrabutylammonium Azide: Effective Synthesis of Alkyl Azides and Well-Defined Azido-End Polymethacrylates. Chemistry 2019; 25:13025-13029. [PMID: 31389637 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An effective method to synthesize azido-end polymethacrylates from tetrabutylammonium azide (BNN3 ) in a nonpolar solvent (toluene) was developed. Several low-mass alkyl halides were reacted with BNN3 in toluene as model reactions and the rate constants of these reactions were determined, to confirm fast BNN3 azidation for tertiary and secondary halides. The end-group transformation of halide-end polymethacrylates was effective and nearly quantitative. Notably, the combination of organocatalyzed living (or reversible deactivation) radical polymerization and BNN3 azidation enabled the metal-free synthesis of azido-end polymethacrylates, including single-azido-end and multi-azido-end functional homopolymers and block copolymers. The rapid and quantitative reaction without the requirement for a large excess of BNN3 , metal-free and polar-solvent-free nature, and broad polymer scope are attractive features of this azidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amerlyn Ming Liing Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Liu LL, Zhou J, Cao LL, Kim Y, Stephan DW. Reversible Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Phosphaalkene to an Arene Ring. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8083-8087. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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38
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Budd M, Stephens R, Afsar A, Salimi S, Hayes W. Exploiting thermally-reversible covalent bonds for the controlled release of microencapsulated isocyanate crosslinkers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Biallas P, Mensak TM, Kunz KA, Kirsch SF. The Deazidoalkoxylation: Sequential Nucleophilic Substitutions with Diazidated Diethyl Malonate. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1654-1663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Mensak
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kevin-Alexander Kunz
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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40
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Biallas P, Heider J, Kirsch SF. Functional polyamides withgem-diazido units: synthesis and diversification. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide structures bearing geminal diazide units were constructed with diazidated malonates and diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina Heider
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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41
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Naito T, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. Polyaddition of vinyl ethers and phthalaldehydes via successive cyclotrimerization reactions: selective model reactions and synthesis of acid-degradable linear poly(cyclic acetal)s. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polyaddition via the cyclotrimerization of one vinyl monomer and two conjugated dialdehydes proceeded using a Lewis acid catalyst, yielding a polymer with cyclic acetal structures in the main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Naito
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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42
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Howe DH, Hart JL, McDaniel RM, Taheri ML, Magenau AJD. Functionalization-Induced Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for Nanoparticle Synthesis. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1503-1508. [PMID: 35651226 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle synthesis was demonstrated via functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) of block copolymers using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. In situ self-assembly was triggered in organic media by the progressive installation of solvophobic pendant groups onto an initially soluble diblock copolymer, rendering the reactive block insoluble and causing the formation of spherical polymeric micelles. Self-assembly was found to depend on the percent functionalization (f%), where after a critical threshold micelles were accessible that increased in size with increasing f% values. We found the chemical nature of the installed functional group to be crucial for conducting FISA and for controlling the solution morphology, with relatively solvophilic adducts remaining as unimers and increasingly solvophobic adducts trending toward larger micelles, from ca. 40 to 100 nm in diameter. The core and corona of the anticipated micellar structure were visualized using fluorine mapping through electron energy loss spectroscopy, in conjunction with FISA achieved through pendent trifluorophenyl functionality. This work establishes FISA as a new, versatile synthetic strategy to create nanoparticles having tunable morphologies with potential application as molecular payload delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Howe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James L. Hart
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Riki M. McDaniel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mitra L. Taheri
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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43
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Jenjob R, Seidi F, Crespy D. Recent advances in polymerizations in dispersed media. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 260:24-31. [PMID: 30170689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry heterophase polymerizations reflect new developments in polymer chemistry. Although some few polymerization reactions cannot be performed in dispersed media, new polymerization reactions can still benefit from advantages of heterophase reactions, which are fast kinetics due to high local concentration of reagents and advantageous heat exchange. We describe here advances in heterophase polymerizations, with a focus on miniemulsion polymerization, which are mainly driven by academic interest for biomedicine and energy science. Click-reactions in dispersion are particularly interesting because they are bioorthogonals. Synthesis of highly crosslinked polymer colloids, especially with conjugated polymers, has found applications in gas storage, catalysis, and production of energy. Finally, we show how spatial segregation in heterophase polymerization can help to obtain polymer materials with unique structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapol Jenjob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand.
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44
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Fu L, Zhang T, Fu G, Gutekunst WR. Relay Conjugation of Living Metathesis Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12181-12188. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Guanyao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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46
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García de la Concepción J, Ávalos M, Cintas P, Jiménez JL, Light ME. Mechanistic studies of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of bicyclic thioisomünchnones with alkenes. A computational rationale focused on donor-acceptor interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3438-3452. [PMID: 29682669 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a mechanistic study, with the interplay of experiment and theory, on the cycloadditions of a bicyclic mesoionic 1,3-dipole versus a series of representative symmetrical (1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione and dimethyl maleate) and asymmetrical [(E)-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene, acrylonitrile, and but-3-en-2-one] olefinic dipolarophiles. These results allow a comparative analysis with monocyclic dipoles and open further avenues to structurally diversified heteroatom-rich rings. The unichiral version of the bicyclic dipole leads to adducts containing up to five chiral centers, whose formation proceeds with high levels of facial stereoinduction in reactions involving bulky dipolarophiles. The second and largest part of this study provides a theoretical interrogation on the pericyclic mechanism with DFT-methods [M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p)]. In order to get further mechanistic insights, we have also explored charge transfers between reaction partners using NBO analysis, which satisfactorily justifies the stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García de la Concepción
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-UEX, IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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47
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Li SJ, Fang DC. DFT Studies on the Dirhodium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] and [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of Enol Diazoacetates with Isoquinolinium Methylide: Mechanism, Selectivity, and Ligand Effect. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Morrison SD, Liskamp RMJ, Prunet J. Tailoring Polyethers for Post-polymerization Functionalization by Cross Metathesis. Org Lett 2018; 20:2253-2256. [PMID: 29600865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olefin cross metathesis is reported for the first time to attach small molecules to a range of novel polyethers with a poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and pendent alkene groups, allowing for a loading of up to one compound per monomer unit. These polymers are tailored to prevent the occurrence of self metathesis (reaction of the polymer with itself) by varying the substitution on the pendent alkenes, thus steering their reactivity toward olefin cross metathesis. Efficient functionalization has been observed for a range of coupling partners as a proof of concept for the use of olefin metathesis to graft small and larger molecules to polyethers for drug delivery. This approach also paves the way for the use of olefin cross metathesis as an efficient method to functionalize a wide variety of polymers with pendent olefin groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Morrison
- WESTCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , U.K
| | - Rob M J Liskamp
- WESTCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , U.K
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WESTCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , U.K
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49
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Offenloch JT, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Interrupted CuAAC Ligation: An Efficient Approach to Fluorescence Labeled Three-Armed Mikto Star Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janin T. Offenloch
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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von Zons T, Brokmann L, Lippke J, Preuße T, Hülsmann M, Schaate A, Behrens P, Godt A. Postsynthetic Modification of Metal–Organic Frameworks through Nitrile Oxide–Alkyne Cycloaddition. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3348-3359. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias von Zons
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luisa Brokmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jann Lippke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Preuße
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Hülsmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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