1
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Hidaka K, Kobayashi D, Hayashi J, Denda M, Otaka A. Advanced Insulin Synthesis by One-pot/Stepwise Disulfide Bond Formation Enabled by S-Protected Cysteine Sulfoxide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401003. [PMID: 38683139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An advanced insulin synthesis is presented that utilizes one-pot/stepwise disulfide bond formation enabled by acid-activated S-protected cysteine sulfoxides in the presence of chloride anion. S-chlorocysteine generated from cysteine sulfoxides reacts with an S-protected cysteine to afford S-sulfenylsulfonium cation, which then furnishes the disulfide or reversely returns to the starting materials depending on the S-protection employed and the reaction conditions. Use of S-acetamidomethyl cysteine (Cys(Acm)) and its sulfoxide (Cys(Acm)(O)) selectively give the disulfide under weak acid conditions in the presence of MgCl2 even if S-p-methoxybenzyl cysteine (Cys(MBzl)) and its sulfoxide (Cys(MBzl)(O)) are also present. In contrast, the S-MBzl pair yields the disulfide under more acidic conditions in the presence of a chloride anion source. These reaction conditions allowed a one-pot insulin synthesis. Additionally, lipidated insulin was prepared by a one-pot disulfide-bonding/lipidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Hidaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Daishiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Junya Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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2
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Sukhan ZP, Hossen S, Cho Y, Lee WK, Kho KH. Molecular and structural analysis of Hdh-MIRP3 and its impact on reproductive regulation in female Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130352. [PMID: 38403211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Molluscan insulin-related peptides (MIRP) play a crucial role in various biological processes, including reproduction and larval development in mollusk species. To investigate the involvement of MIRP in the ovarian development of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), the Hdh-MIRP3 was cloned from cerebral ganglion (CG). Hdh-MIRP3 cDNA was 993 bp long, encoded a 13.22 kDa peptide, comprising 118 amino acids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the localization of Hdh-MIRP3 in the CG and ovary. Molecular docking revealed that Hdh-MIRP3 binds to the N-terminal region of Hdh-IRP-R. Tissue expression analysis showed the highest Hdh-MIRP3 expression in the CG, followed by ovarian tissue. Hdh-MIRP3 expression was significantly upregulated in the CG and ovary during the ripe stage of seasonal ovarian development and in effective accumulative temperature conditioned abalone. Furthermore, siRNA silencing of Hdh-MIRP3 significantly downregulated the expression of four reproduction-related genes, including Hdh-GnRH, Hdh-GnRH-R, Hdh-IRP-R, and Hdh-VTG in both the CG and ovary, and Hdh-MIRP3 as well. These results indicate that Hdh-MIRP3 acts as a regulator of ovarian development in Pacific abalone. Additionally, expression analysis indicated that Hdh-MIRP3 plays a role in embryonic and larval development. Overall, the present findings elucidate the role of Hdh-MIRP3 in reproductive development in female Pacific abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Parvez Sukhan
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Shaharior Hossen
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Yusin Cho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Lee
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
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3
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Weil-Ktorza O, Dhayalan B, Chen YS, Weiss MA, Metanis N. Se-Glargine: Chemical Synthesis of a Basal Insulin Analogue Stabilized by an Internal Diselenide Bridge. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300818. [PMID: 38149322 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has long provided a model for studies of protein folding and stability, enabling enhanced treatment of diabetes mellitus via analogue design. We describe the chemical synthesis of a basal insulin analogue stabilized by substitution of an internal cystine (A6-A11) by a diselenide bridge. The studies focused on insulin glargine (formulated as Lantus® and Toujeo®; Sanofi). Prepared at pH 4 in the presence of zinc ions, glargine exhibits a shifted isoelectric point due to a basic B chain extension (ArgB31 -ArgB32 ). Subcutaneous injection leads to pH-dependent precipitation of a long-lived depot. Pairwise substitution of CysA6 and CysA11 by selenocysteine was effected by solid-phase peptide synthesis; the modified A chain also contained substitution of AsnA21 by Gly, circumventing acid-catalyzed deamidation. Although chain combination of native glargine yielded negligible product, in accordance with previous synthetic studies, the pairwise selenocysteine substitution partially rescued this reaction: substantial product was obtained through repeated combination, yielding a stabilized insulin analogue. This strategy thus exploited both (a) the unique redox properties of selenocysteine in protein folding and (b) favorable packing of an internal diselenide bridge in the native state, once achieved. Such rational optimization of protein folding and stability may be generalizable to diverse disulfide-stabilized proteins of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Weil-Ktorza
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yen-Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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4
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Dhayalan B, Kent SBH, Fetter-Pruneda I. A Chemical Counterpart to the Resolution Step of Nature's Intein-Mediated Protein Splicing. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:9-14. [PMID: 38096499 PMCID: PMC10804359 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In the course of an attempted total chemical synthesis of the ant insulin-like peptide-2 (ILP2) protein molecule, specific cleavage of a backbone peptide bond in a branched ester-linked polypeptide chain with concomitant peptide splicing was observed. The side reaction was investigated in model compounds. Here, we postulate a chemical mechanism for this novel polypeptide backbone cleavage reaction as a chemical counterpart to the resolution step of biochemical intein-mediated protein splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen B. H. Kent
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ingrid Fetter-Pruneda
- Laboratory
of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller
University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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5
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El-Desoky MS, Takeuchi R, Katayama H, Tsutsui N. Chemical synthesis of insulin-like peptide 1 and its potential role in vitellogenesis of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3529. [PMID: 37403818 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily comprises a group of peptides with diverse physiological functions and is conserved across the animal kingdom. Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) of crustaceans are classified into four major types: insulin, relaxin, gonadulin, and androgenic gland hormone (AGH)/insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG). Of these, the physiological functions of AGH/IAG have been clarified to be the regulation of male sex differentiation, but those of the other types have not been uncovered. In this study, we chemically synthesized Maj-ILP1, an ILP identified in the ovary of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, using a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and regioselective disulfide bond formation reactions. As the circular dichroism spectral pattern of synthetic Maj-ILP1 is typical of other ILPs reported thus far, the synthetic peptide likely possessed the proper conformation. Functional analysis using ex vivo tissue incubation revealed that Maj-ILP1 significantly increased the expression of the yolk protein genes Maj-Vg1 and Maj-Vg2 in the hepatopancreas and Maj-Vg1 in the ovary of adolescent prawns. This is the first report on the synthesis of a crustacean ILP other than IAGs and also shows the positive relationship between the reproductive process and female-dominant ILP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Said El-Desoky
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rino Takeuchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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6
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Luo J, Gao Y, Zhao R, Shi J, Li YM. Synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8863-8867. [PMID: 37888757 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A side-chain anchoring strategy has been developed as an effective method for the synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids. However, the application of this strategy to CCAs containing more than one disulfide bond is still hindered due to the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) lability of the anchored side-chain groups. Herein, we report a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy using newly developed molecules having photocleavable side-chain protecting groups that are stable against TFA cleavage to assist in the formation of disulfide bonds. The utility of this new strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of Riparin 1.1 and hCNP22 containing one disulfide bond and α-conotoxin Vc1.1 containing two disulfide bonds. This new strategy will provide new possibilities for the synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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7
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Zhao R, Shi P, Wei XX, Xia Z, Shi C, Shi J. Synthesis of A11 Cys-B11 Cys Disulfide Surrogates of H2 Relaxin through an Intermolecular Native Chemical Ligation-Assisted Diaminodiacid Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:6544-6548. [PMID: 37642298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report an intermolecular native chemical ligation-assisted diaminodiacid strategy for the flexible construction of A11Cys-B11Cys disulfide surrogates of H2 relaxin. The practicality of this strategy was evidenced by the synthesis of four new H2 relaxin analogs, among which H2-2a-B28Ile is found to exhibit improved potency, selectivity, and stability compared with native H2 relaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Pan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhemin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Liu M, Li Q, Delaine C, Wu H, Arsenakis Y, White BF, Forbes BE, Chandrashekar C, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of Palmitoyl-Conjugated Insulin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13715-13720. [PMID: 37091377 PMCID: PMC10116525 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available insulins are manufactured by recombinant methods for the treatment of diabetes. Long-acting insulin drugs (e.g., detemir and degludec) are obtained by fatty acid conjugation at LysB29 ε-amine of insulin via acid-amide coupling. There are three amine groups in insulin, and they all react with fatty acids in alkaline conditions. Due to the lack of selectivity, such conjugation reactions produce non-desired byproducts. We designed and chemically synthesized a novel thiol-insulin scaffold (CysB29-insulin II), by replacing the LysB29 residue in insulin with the CysB29 residue. Then, we conjugated a fatty acid moiety (palmitic acid, C16) to CysB29-insulin II by a highly efficient and selective thiol-maleimide conjugation reaction. We obtained the target peptide (palmitoyl-insulin) rapidly within 5 min without significant byproducts. The palmitoyl-insulin is shown to be structurally similar to insulin and biologically active both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, unlike native insulin, palmitoyl-insulin is slow and long-acting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Qingyang Li
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Sinochem
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 21 Floor Jincheng building, Longpanzhong road, 216, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Carlie Delaine
- Discipline
of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Hongkang Wu
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Yanni Arsenakis
- Department
of Medicine (Austin Health), The University
of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Barbara F. White
- Department
of Medicine (Austin Health), The University
of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- Discipline
of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, Australia
- School of
Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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Zhao R, Shi P, Cui JB, Shi C, Wei XX, Luo J, Xia Z, Shi WW, Zhou Y, Tang J, Tian C, Meininghaus M, Bierer D, Shi J, Li YM, Liu L. Single-Shot Solid-Phase Synthesis of Full-Length H2 Relaxin Disulfide Surrogates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216365. [PMID: 36515186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of insulin superfamily proteins (ISPs) has recently been widely studied to develop next-generation drugs. Separate synthesis of multiple peptide fragments and tedious chain-to-chain folding are usually encountered in these studies, limiting accessibility to ISP derivatives. Here we report the finding that insulin superfamily proteins (e.g. H2 relaxin, insulin itself, and H3 relaxin) incorporating a pre-made diaminodiacid bridge at A-B chain terminal disulfide can be easily and rapidly synthesized by a single-shot automated solid-phase synthesis and expedient one-step folding. Our new H2 relaxin analogues exhibit almost identical structures and activities when compared to their natural counterparts. This new synthetic strategy will expediate production of new ISP analogues for pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Pan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ji-Bin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chaowei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhemin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingxin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mark Meininghaus
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18 A, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18 A, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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10
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Yao S, Moyer A, Zheng Y, Shen Y, Meng X, Yuan C, Zhao Y, Yao H, Baker D, Wu C. De novo design and directed folding of disulfide-bridged peptide heterodimers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1539. [PMID: 35318337 PMCID: PMC8941120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide heterodimers are prevalent in nature, which are not only functional macromolecules but molecular tools for chemical and synthetic biology. Computational methods have also been developed to design heterodimers of advanced functions. However, these peptide heterodimers are usually formed through noncovalent interactions, which are prone to dissociate and subject to concentration-dependent nonspecific aggregation. Heterodimers crosslinked with interchain disulfide bonds are more stable, but it represents a formidable challenge for both the computational design of heterodimers and the manipulation of disulfide pairing for heterodimer synthesis and applications. Here, we report the design, synthesis and application of interchain disulfide-bridged peptide heterodimers with mutual orthogonality by combining computational de novo designs with a directed disulfide pairing strategy. These heterodimers can be used as not only scaffolds for generating functional molecules but chemical tools or building blocks for protein labeling and construction of crosslinking hybrids. This study thus opens the door for using this unexplored dimeric structure space for many biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Adam Moyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yiwu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chong Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China.
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11
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Liu M, White BF, Praveen P, Li W, Lin F, Wu H, Li R, Delaine C, Forbes BE, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Engineering of a Biologically Active Insulin Dimer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17448-17454. [PMID: 34797669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing epidemic of diabetes means that there is a need for therapies that are more efficacious, safe, and convenient. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of a novel disulfide dimer of human insulin tethered at the N-terminus of its B-chain through placement of a cysteine residue. The resulting peptide was shown to bind to both the insulin receptor isoform B and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor with comparable affinity to native insulin. In in vivo insulin tolerance tests, the dimer was equipotent to Actrapid insulin and possessed a sustained duration of action greater than that of Actrapid and Glargine. While the secondary structure of our dimeric insulin was similar to that of insulin, it was more resistant to proteolysis. More importantly, our analogue was produced in quantitative yield from a monomeric thiol insulin scaffold. Our results suggest that this dimer has significant potential to address the clinical needs in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Barbara F White
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Praveen Praveen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Lin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hongkang Wu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Carlie Delaine
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Mitchell ML, Hossain MA, Lin F, Pinheiro-Junior EL, Peigneur S, Wai DCC, Delaine C, Blyth AJ, Forbes BE, Tytgat J, Wade JD, Norton RS. Identification, Synthesis, Conformation and Activity of an Insulin-like Peptide from a Sea Anemone. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1785. [PMID: 34944429 PMCID: PMC8698791 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in vertebrate animals is well studied. Numerous ILPs are also found in invertebrates, although there is uncertainty as to the function and role of many of these peptides. We have identified transcripts with similarity to the insulin family in the tentacle transcriptomes of the sea anemone Oulactis sp. (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). The translated transcripts showed that these insulin-like peptides have highly conserved A- and B-chains among individuals of this species, as well as other Anthozoa. An Oulactis sp. ILP sequence (IlO1_i1) was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis of the individual chains, followed by regioselective disulfide bond formation of the intra-A and two interchain disulfide bonds. Bioactivity studies of IlO1_i1 were conducted on human insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, and on voltage-gated potassium, sodium, and calcium channels. IlO1_i1 did not bind to the insulin or insulin-like growth factor receptors, but showed weak activity against KV1.2, 1.3, 3.1, and 11.1 (hERG) channels, as well as NaV1.4 channels. Further functional studies are required to determine the role of this peptide in the sea anemone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela L. Mitchell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Sciences Department, Museum Victoria, G.P.O. Box 666, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences, Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3000, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.A.H.); (F.L.); (J.D.W.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Lin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.A.H.); (F.L.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Ernesto L. Pinheiro-Junior
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, O&N 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.L.P.-J.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, O&N 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.L.P.-J.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Dorothy C. C. Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Carlie Delaine
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (C.D.); (A.J.B.); (B.E.F.)
| | - Andrew J. Blyth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (C.D.); (A.J.B.); (B.E.F.)
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (C.D.); (A.J.B.); (B.E.F.)
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, O&N 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.L.P.-J.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - John D. Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.A.H.); (F.L.); (J.D.W.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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13
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Abstract
The pancreatic peptide hormone insulin, first discovered exactly 100 years ago, is essential for glycemic control and is used as a therapeutic for the treatment of type 1 and, increasingly, type 2 diabetes. With a worsening global diabetes epidemic and its significant health budget imposition, there is a great demand for new analogues possessing improved physical and functional properties. However, the chemical synthesis of insulin's intricate 51-amino acid, two-chain, three-disulfide bond structure, together with the poor physicochemical properties of both the individual chains and the hormone itself, has long represented a major challenge to organic chemists. This review provides a timely overview of the past efforts to chemically assemble this fascinating hormone using an array of strategies to enable both correct folding of the two chains and selective formation of disulfide bonds. These methods not only have contributed to general peptide synthesis chemistry and enabled access to the greatly growing numbers of insulin-like and cystine-rich peptides but also, today, enable the production of insulin at the synthetic efficiency levels of recombinant DNA expression methods. They have led to the production of a myriad of novel analogues with optimized structural and functional features and of the feasibility for their industrial manufacture.
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14
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Chakraborty A, Sharma A, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Disulfide-Based Protecting Groups for the Cysteine Side Chain. Org Lett 2020; 22:9644-9647. [PMID: 33232171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two new disulfide-based protecting groups (SIT and MOT) are proposed for Cys thiol in the substitution of StBu, which is often difficult to remove. Both groups are based on a secondary thiol with a branched point in the β-position for an efficient modulation of its lability and/or stability. This unique structure allows them to be fully compatible with Fmoc/tBu SPPS. At the end of the synthesis, these groups are removed in a straightforward manner with dithiothreitol with some H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chakraborty
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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15
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Maki Y, Okamoto R, Murakami M, Kajihara Y. Studies for Elucidation of Oligosaccharide Functions of Glycoproteins. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Masumi Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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16
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He R, Pan J, Mayer JP, Liu F. Stepwise Construction of Disulfides in Peptides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1101-1111. [PMID: 31886929 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide bond plays an important role in biological systems. It defines global conformation, and ultimately the biological activity and stability of the peptide or protein. It is frequently present, singly or multiply, in biologically important peptide hormones and toxins. Numerous disulfide-containing peptides have been approved by the regulatory agencies as marketed drugs. Chemical synthesis is one of the prerequisite tools needed to gain deep insights into the structure-function relationships of these biomolecules. Along with the development of solid-phase peptide synthesis, a number of methods of disulfide construction have been established. This minireview will focus on the regiospecific, stepwise construction of multiple disulfides used in the chemical synthesis of peptides. We intend for this article to serve a reference for peptide chemists conducting complex peptide syntheses and also hope to stimulate the future development of disulfide methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Jia Pan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Road, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - John P Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Developmental & Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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17
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18
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Zheng N, Karra P, VandenBerg MA, Kim JH, Webber MJ, Holland WL, Chou DHC. Synthesis and Characterization of an A6-A11 Methylene Thioacetal Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11437-11443. [PMID: 31804076 PMCID: PMC7217704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has been a life-saving drug for millions of people with diabetes. However, several challenges exist which limit therapeutic benefits and reduce patient convenience. One key challenge is the fibrillation propensity, which necessitates refrigeration for storage. To address this limitation, we chemically synthesized and evaluated a methylene thioacetal human insulin analogue (SCS-Ins). The synthesized SCS-Ins showed enhanced serum stability and aggregation resistance while retaining bioactivity compared with native insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Michael A. VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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19
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Hossain MA, Okamoto R, Karas JA, Praveen P, Liu M, Forbes BE, Wade JD, Kajihara Y. Total Chemical Synthesis of a Nonfibrillating Human Glycoinsulin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1164-1169. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | | | | | | | - Briony E. Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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20
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Mao F, Yu K, He J, Zhou Q, Zhang G, Wang W, Li N, Zhang H, Jiang J. Real-time monitoring of electroreduction and labelling of disulfide-bonded peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:6898-6904. [PMID: 31638109 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The accurate determination of disulfide bonds for protein identification is in high demand. In this study, a simple electrochemical-mass spectrometry (EC-MS) method that possesses advantages of real-time information, simultaneous disulfide bond electroreduction and tagging was developed. In this EC-MS, an ITO glass corner functions as a counter electrode and spray system, and allows the direct sampling of the droplet-scale reacting solution in real-time. The application of this method was successfully demonstrated by electrochemical reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with one disulfide bond as well as insulin with multiple disulfide bonds. The preferred electroreduction of intermolecular-bonded disulfides for insulin has been observed and the intramolecular bond was not favored. Moreover, simultaneously tagging the formed thiol residues from electroreduction of GSSG using electrogenerated intermediates such as dopamine orthoquinone (DQ) and benzoquinone (Q) was performed. A proof-of-concept was also demonstrated with a large molecule, β-lactoglobulin A. The relationship between signal strength and operating parameters was also studied. This method successfully detected the reduction reaction of the disulfide bond in the polypeptide and protein. The detection limit (S/N ≥ 3) is 0.398 μg mL-1. These results suggest that this EC-MS platform can count cysteine moieties in proteins using a single drop of sample and in real-time and is promising for protein identification experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Mao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, P.R. China.
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21
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Katayama H, Nagasawa H. Chemical synthesis of N-glycosylated insulin-like androgenic gland factor from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3215. [PMID: 31515898 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a heterodimeric peptide having both four disulfide bonds and an N-linked glycan, was synthesized by the combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and the regioselective disulfide formation reactions. The disulfide isomer of IAG could also be synthesized by the same manner. The conformational analysis of these peptides by circular dichroism (CD) spectral measurement indicated that the disulfide bond arrangement affected the peptide conformation in IAG. On the other hand, the N-linked glycan attached at A chain showed no effect on CD spectra of IAG. This is the first report for the chemical synthesis of insulin-like heterodimeric glycopeptide having three interchain disulfides, and the synthetic strategy shown here might be useful for the synthesis of other glycosylated four-disulfide insulin-like peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Weil-Ktorza O, Rege N, Lansky S, Shalev DE, Shoham G, Weiss MA, Metanis N. Substitution of an Internal Disulfide Bridge with a Diselenide Enhances both Foldability and Stability of Human Insulin. Chemistry 2019; 25:8513-8521. [PMID: 31012517 PMCID: PMC6861001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin analogues, mainstays in the modern treatment of diabetes mellitus, exemplify the utility of protein engineering in molecular pharmacology. Whereas chemical syntheses of the individual A and B chains were accomplished in the early 1960s, their combination to form native insulin remains inefficient because of competing disulfide pairing and aggregation. To overcome these limitations, we envisioned an alternative approach: pairwise substitution of cysteine residues with selenocysteine (Sec, U). To this end, CysA6 and CysA11 (which form the internal intrachain A6-A11 disulfide bridge) were each replaced with Sec. The A chain[C6U, C11U] variant was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis; while sulfitolysis of biosynthetic human insulin provided wild-type B chain-di-S-sulfonate. The presence of selenium atoms at these sites markedly enhanced the rate and fidelity of chain combination, thus solving a long-standing challenge in chemical insulin synthesis. The affinity of the Se-insulin analogue for the lectin-purified insulin receptor was indistinguishable from that of WT-insulin. Remarkably, the thermodynamic stability of the analogue at 25 °C, as inferred from guanidine denaturation studies, was augmented (ΔΔGu ≈0.8 kcal mol-1 ). In accordance with such enhanced stability, reductive unfolding of the Se-insulin analogue and resistance to enzymatic cleavage by Glu-C protease occurred four times more slowly than that of WT-insulin. 2D-NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated a native-like three-dimensional structure in which the diselenide bridge was accommodated in the hydrophobic core without steric clash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Weil-Ktorza
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Nischay Rege
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Shifra Lansky
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Wolfson Center for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Gil Shoham
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Michael A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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23
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Patil NA, Karas JA, Wade JD, Hossain MA, Tailhades J. Rapid Photolysis‐Mediated Folding of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides. Chemistry 2019; 25:8599-8603. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute 15 Innovation Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - John A. Karas
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne 30 Royal Parade, Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne 30 Royal Parade, Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute 15 Innovation Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- EMBL AustraliaMonash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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24
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Guarracino DA, Riordan JA, Barreto GM, Oldfield AL, Kouba CM, Agrinsoni D. Macrocyclic Control in Helix Mimetics. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9915-9949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Guarracino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Jacob A. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Gianna M. Barreto
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Alexis L. Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kouba
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Desiree Agrinsoni
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
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25
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Laps S, Sun H, Kamnesky G, Brik A. Palladium‐Mediated Direct Disulfide Bond Formation in Proteins Containing S‐Acetamidomethyl‐cysteine under Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Laps
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Hao Sun
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Guy Kamnesky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
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26
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Laps S, Sun H, Kamnesky G, Brik A. Palladium‐Mediated Direct Disulfide Bond Formation in Proteins Containing S‐Acetamidomethyl‐cysteine under Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5729-5733. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Laps
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Hao Sun
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Guy Kamnesky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
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27
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Wang JH, Shao XX, Hu MJ, Liu YL, Xu ZG, Guo ZY. Functionality of an absolutely conserved glycine residue in the chimeric relaxin family peptide R3/I5. Amino Acids 2019; 51:619-626. [PMID: 30604098 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily is a group of homologous proteins that are further divided into the insulin family and relaxin family according to their distinct receptors. All insulin superfamily members contain three absolutely conserved disulfide linkages and a nonchiral Gly residue immediately following the first B-chain cysteine. The functionality of this conserved Gly residue in the insulin family has been studied by replacing it with natural L-amino acids or the corresponding unnatural D-amino acids. However, such analysis has not been conducted on relaxin family members. In the present study, we conducted chiral mutagenesis on the conserved B11Gly of the chimeric relaxin family peptide R3/I5, which is an efficient agonist for receptor RXFP3 and RXFP4. Similar to the effects on insulin family foldability, L-Ala or L-Ser substitution completely abolished the in vitro refolding of a recombinant R3/I5 precursor; whereas, D-Ala or D-Ser substitution had no detrimental effect on refolding of a semi-synthetic R3/I5 precursor, suggesting that the conserved Gly residue controls the foldability of relaxin family members. In contrast to the effect on insulin family activity, D-Ala or D-Ser replacement had no detrimental effect on the binding and activation potencies of the mature R3/I5 towards both RXFP3 and RXFP4, suggesting that the conserved Gly residue is irrelevant to the relaxin family's activity. The present study revealed functionality of the conserved B-chain Gly residue for a relaxin family peptide for the first time, providing an overview of its contribution to foldability and activity of the insulin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Shao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jun Hu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Guang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Guo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Albrethsen J, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Anand-Ivell R, Nordkap L, Bang AK, Jørgensen N, Juul A. Development and validation of a mass spectrometry-based assay for quantification of insulin-like factor 3 in human serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1913-1920. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The circulating level of the peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a promising diagnostic marker reflecting Leydig cell function in the male. Few commercial immunoassays of varying quality exist. Therefore, we decided to develop and validate a precise method for quantification of INSL3 by mass spectrometry.
Methods:
We developed an assay in which the INSL3 A-chain is released from the INSL3 A-B heterodimer by chemical reduction and alkylation. The alkylated INSL3 A-chain is quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), as substitute for serum INSL3. The method was compared to a validated and sensitive in-house serum INSL3 immunoassay using 97 serum samples from 12 healthy boys during pubertal transition. Adult levels were determined based on sera from 72 adult healthy males aged 18–40 years.
Results:
An LC-MS/MS assay with limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.06 and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively, and intra-assay CVs <9% in the relevant ranges was obtained. The LC-MS/MS compared well with the in-house immunoassay (Deming regression slope: 1.28; Pearson correlation: R=0.86). INSL3 concentrations increased with pubertal maturation in healthy boys. INSL3 concentrations were above the LOQ in all samples from the adult men. The mean (±2 SD range)for serum INSL3 concentrations in the adult men was 2.2 (0.5–3.9) ng/mL.
Conclusions:
We have developed a robust and sensitive method suitable for quantitation of serum INSL3 in a clinical setting using LC-MS/MS instrumentation available in modern clinical laboratories. The method paves the way for future studies into the clinical role of serum INSL3 measurements.
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Katayama H, Mukainakano T, Kogure J, Ohira T. Chemical synthesis of the crustacean insulin-like peptide with four disulfide bonds. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3132. [PMID: 30346100 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the insulin-family peptides, two additional cysteine residues other than six conserved cysteines are sometimes found in invertebrate insulin-like peptides (ILPs), although the synthetic method for such four disulfide ILPs has not yet been well established. In this study, we synthesized a crustacean insulin-like androgenic gland factor with four disulfides by the regioselective disulfide bond formation reactions using four orthogonal Cys-protecting groups. Its disulfide isomer could be also synthesized by the same method, indicating that the synthetic strategy developed in this study might be useful for the synthesis of other four disulfide ILPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mukainakano
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Junya Kogure
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Wu H, Yuan C, Zhang H, Yang G, Cui C, Yang M, Bian W, Fu H, Luo Z, Yao J. Ultrafast Deep-Ultraviolet Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry Applicable To Identify Phenylenediamine Isomers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10635-10640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengqian Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhou Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Synthesis of disulfide-rich heterodimeric peptides through an auxiliary N, N-crosslink. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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32
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Zaykov AN, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. High-Yield Synthesis of Human Insulin-Like Peptide 5 Employing a Nonconventional Strategy. Org Lett 2018; 20:3695-3699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Zaykov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha J. Thombare
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
| | - Craig A. Hutton
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
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