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El-Desoky MS, Takeuchi R, Katayama H, Tsutsui N. Chemical synthesis of insulin-like peptide 1 and its potential role in vitellogenesis of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3529. [PMID: 37403818 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily comprises a group of peptides with diverse physiological functions and is conserved across the animal kingdom. Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) of crustaceans are classified into four major types: insulin, relaxin, gonadulin, and androgenic gland hormone (AGH)/insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG). Of these, the physiological functions of AGH/IAG have been clarified to be the regulation of male sex differentiation, but those of the other types have not been uncovered. In this study, we chemically synthesized Maj-ILP1, an ILP identified in the ovary of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, using a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and regioselective disulfide bond formation reactions. As the circular dichroism spectral pattern of synthetic Maj-ILP1 is typical of other ILPs reported thus far, the synthetic peptide likely possessed the proper conformation. Functional analysis using ex vivo tissue incubation revealed that Maj-ILP1 significantly increased the expression of the yolk protein genes Maj-Vg1 and Maj-Vg2 in the hepatopancreas and Maj-Vg1 in the ovary of adolescent prawns. This is the first report on the synthesis of a crustacean ILP other than IAGs and also shows the positive relationship between the reproductive process and female-dominant ILP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Said El-Desoky
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rino Takeuchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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2
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Ikenaga T, Nakamura T, Tajiri T, Tsuji M, Kato DI, Ineno T, Kobayashi Y, Tsutsui N, Kiyohara S. Diversity and evolution of serotonergic cells in taste buds of elasmobranchs and ancestral actinopterygian fish. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:431-439. [PMID: 37851111 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A subset of gustatory cells are serotonin immunoreactive (ir) in the mammalian taste bud. In the taste bud of lamprey, elongated gustatory-like cells are also serotonin-ir. In contrast, flattened serotonin-ir cells are located only in the basal region of the taste buds in the teleosts and amphibians. These serotonin-ir cells are termed as basal cells. To evaluate the evolution and diversity of serotonergic cells in the taste bud of amniote animals, we explored the distribution and morphology of serotonin-ir cells in the taste buds of ancestral actinopterygian fish (spotted gar, sturgeon, Polypterus senegalus) and elasmobranch (stingray). In all examined animals, the taste buds contained serotonin-ir cells in their basal part. The number of serotonin-ir basal cells in each taste bud was different between these fish species. They were highest in the stingray and decreased in the order of the Polypterus, sturgeon, and gar. While serotonin immunoreactivity was observed only in the basal cells in the taste buds of the ancestral actinopterygian fish, some elongated cells were also serotonin-ir in addition to the basal cells in the stingray taste buds. mRNA of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tph1), a rate-limiting enzyme of the serotonin synthesis, is expressed in both the elongated and basal cells of stingray taste buds, indicating that these cells synthesize the serotonin by themselves. These results suggest that the serotonin-ir basal cells arose from the ancestor of the cartilaginous fish, and serotonin-ir cells in the elasmobranch taste bud exhibit an intermediate aspect between the lamprey and actinopterygian fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ikenaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Tastufumi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Tajiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Minaki Tsuji
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Dai-Ichiro Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshinao Ineno
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Shingu Station, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-0052, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Sadao Kiyohara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Ye H, Zeng C, Tsutsui N, Dircksen H. Editorial: Crustacean reproductive physiology and its applications. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1018481. [PMID: 36187766 PMCID: PMC9521639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1018481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Ye
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Haihui Ye,
| | - Chaoshu Zeng
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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4
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Takanami K, Oti T, Kobayashi Y, Hasegawa K, Ito T, Tsutsui N, Ueda Y, Carstens E, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H. Characterization of the expression of gastrin-releasing peptide and its receptor in the trigeminal and spinal somatosensory systems of Japanese macaque monkeys: Insight into humans. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2804-2819. [PMID: 35686563 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR) have been identified as itch mediators in the spinal and trigeminal somatosensory systems in rodents. In primates, there are few reports of GRP/GRPR expression or function in the spinal sensory system and virtually nothing is known in the trigeminal system. The aim of the present study was to characterize GRP and GRPR in the trigeminal and spinal somatosensory system of Japanese macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata). cDNA encoding GRP was isolated from the macaque dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and exhibited an amino acid sequence that was highly conserved among mammals and especially in primates. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that GRP was expressed mainly in the small-sized trigeminal ganglion and DRG in adult macaque monkeys. Densely stained GRP-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were observed in superficial layers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) and the spinal cord. In contrast, GRP-ir fibers were rarely observed in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and oral and interpolar divisions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. cDNA cloning, in situ hybridization, and Western blot revealed substantial expression of GRPR mRNA and GRPR protein in the macaque spinal dorsal horn and Sp5C. Our Western ligand blot and ligand derivative stain for GRPR revealed that GRP directly bound in the macaque Sp5C and spinal dorsal horn as reported in rodents. Finally, GRP-ir fibers were also detected in the human spinal dorsal horn. The spinal and trigeminal itch neural circuits labeled with GRP and GRPR appear to function also in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Mouse Genomics Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Takumi Oti
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Aquatic Biology, Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.,Theranostic Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Marine Bioresources, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ueda
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kobayashi A, Hamada M, Yoshida MA, Kobayashi Y, Tsutsui N, Sekiguchi T, Matsukawa Y, Maejima S, Gingell JJ, Sekiguchi S, Hamamoto A, Hay DL, Morris JF, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H. Vasopressin-oxytocin-type signaling is ancient and has a conserved water homeostasis role in euryhaline marine planarians. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk0331. [PMID: 35245108 PMCID: PMC8896804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/OT)-related peptides are essential for mammalian antidiuresis, sociosexual behavior, and reproduction. However, the evolutionary origin of this peptide system is still uncertain. Here, we identify orthologous genes to those for VP/OT in Platyhelminthes, intertidal planarians that have a simple bilaterian body structure but lack a coelom and body-fluid circulatory system. We report a comprehensive characterization of the neuropeptide derived from this VP/OT-type gene, identifying its functional receptor, and name it the "platytocin" system. Our experiments with these euryhaline planarians, living where environmental salinities fluctuate due to evaporation and rainfall, suggest that platytocin functions as an "antidiuretic hormone" and also organizes diverse actions including reproduction and chemosensory-associated behavior. We propose that bilaterians acquired physiological adaptations to amphibious lives by such regulation of the body fluids. This neuropeptide-secreting system clearly became indispensable for life even without the development of a vascular circulatory system or relevant synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshi Kobayashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hamada
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Masa-aki Yoshida
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane 685-0024, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
- Department of Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yuta Matsukawa
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Sho Maejima
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon OX11 4RW, UK
| | - Shoko Sekiguchi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hamamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kita-ku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - John F. Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetic, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetic, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Tsutsui N, Kobayashi Y, Izumikawa K, Sakamoto T. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus Reveals Possible Peripheral Regulation of the Ovary. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32973675 PMCID: PMC7466434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean reproduction has been hypothesized to be under complex endocrinological regulation by peptide hormones. To further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this complex regulation, knowledge is needed regarding the hormones not only of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the X-organ/sinus gland (XOSG), brain, and thoracic ganglia, but also the peripheral gonadal tissues. For example, in vertebrates, some gonadal peptide hormones including activin, inhibin, follistatin, and relaxin are known to be involved in the reproductive physiology. Therefore, it is highly likely that some peptide factors from the ovary are serving as the signals among peripheral tissues and central nervous tissues in crustaceans. In this work, we sought to find gonadal peptide hormones and peptide hormone receptors by analyzing the transcriptome of the ovary of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. The generated ovarian transcriptome data led to the identification of five possible peptide hormones, including bursicon-α and -β, the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)-like peptide, insulin-like peptide (ILP), and neuroparsin-like peptide (NPLP). Dominant gene expressions for the bursicons were observed in the thoracic ganglia and the ovary, in the CNS for the CHH-like peptide, in the heart for NPLP, and in the ovary for ILP. Since the gene expressions of CHH-like peptide and NPLP were affected by a CHH (Penaeus japonicus sinus gland peptide-I) from XOSG, we produced recombinant peptides for CHH-like peptide and NPLP using Escherichia coli expression system to examine their possible peripheral regulation. As a result, we found that the recombinant NPLP increased vitellogenin gene expression in incubated ovarian tissue fragments. Moreover, contigs encoding putative receptors for insulin-like androgenic gland factor, insulin, neuroparsin, and neuropeptide Y/F, as well as several contigs encoding orphan G-protein coupled receptors and receptor-type guanylyl cyclases were also identified in the ovarian transcriptome. These results suggest that reproductive physiology in crustaceans is regulated by various gonadal peptide hormones, akin to vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoaki Tsutsui
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kouichi Izumikawa
- Research Institute for Fisheries Science, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
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Tsutsui N, Kotaka S, Ohira T, Sakamoto T. Characterization of distinct ovarian isoform of crustacean female sex hormone in the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 217:7-16. [PMID: 29277431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The eyestalk hormone, crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH), regulates the development of female secondary sexual characteristics in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. After its discovery, several CFSH gene orthologs have been identified in some species of the suborder Pleocyemata as well. Similarly, in species of another suborder (Dendrobranchiata), an ortholog (Maj-CFSH) has been characterized as an eyestalk factor expressed in both females and males of the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. In this study, another novel CFSH isoform was identified in the same species using cDNA cloning, expression analysis, and recombinant protein production. The isoform has "CFSH-family" structural characteristics but is dominantly expressed in the ovary, and was therefore designated as Maj-CFSH-ov. Its mRNA and protein levels in vitellogenic ovaries are higher than those in non-vitellogenic ovaries. In the vitellogenic ovary, both mRNA and protein expression of Maj-CFSH-ov are localized to oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes that occupy a small portion of vitellogenic ovaries, but not to the major developing oocytes. A vitellogenesis-inhibiting peptide of M. japonicus (Pej-SGP-I) reduced the expression of vitellogenin in incubated ovarian fragments, but not that of Maj-CFSH-ov. These results indicate that M. japonicus possesses two CFSH isoforms that are derived from distinct tissues, the central X-organ/sinus gland complex and peripheral ovaries. The expression profile of Maj-CFSH-ov suggests its involvement in some reproductive process other than vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Kotaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
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Bae SH, Okutsu T, Tsutsui N, Kang BJ, Chen HY, Wilder MN. Involvement of second messengers in the signaling pathway of vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone and their effects on vitellogenin mRNA expression in the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:301-308. [PMID: 28062305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We incubated fragments of Litopenaeus vannamei ovary to investigate second messengers involved in the regulation of vitellogenin (vg) mRNA levels. The use of 100nM recombinant vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) (corresponding to recombinant L. vannamei sinus gland peptide-G: rLiv-SGP-G) significantly reduced vg mRNA expression in sub-adults after 8h incubation to less than 20% of the control. The concentration of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) increased 3.2-fold relative to the control after 2h incubation with rLiv-SGP-G. However, it reached levels 18-fold relative to the control after 0.5h incubation with rLiv-SGP-G where 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) was also added. Moreover, vg mRNA expression was significantly reduced to less than 50% of the control after 24h incubation with 1μM A23187 (a calcium ionophore). Thus, rLiv-SGP-G and calcium ionophore reduced vg mRNA expression in in vitro-cultured ovary, and cGMP may be involved in the signaling pathway of VIH. Overall, the above results suggest that vg mRNA expression might be inhibited in vitro by increasing intracellular cGMP and Ca2+ in L. vannamei ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Bae
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okutsu
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Bong Jung Kang
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Marcy N Wilder
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
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Tsutsui N, Sakamoto T, Arisaka F, Tanokura M, Nagasawa H, Nagata K. Crystal structure of a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) precursor suggests structural variety in the C-terminal regions of CHH superfamily members. FEBS J 2016; 283:4325-4339. [PMID: 27743429 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is one of the major hormones in crustaceans, and peptides belonging to the CHH superfamily have been found in diverse ecdysozoans. Although the basic function of CHH is to control energy metabolism, it also plays various roles in crustacean species, such as in molting and vitellogenesis. Here, we present the crystal structure of Pej-SGP-I-Gly, a partially active precursor of CHH from the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, which has an additional Gly residue in place of the C-terminal amide group of the mature Pej-SGP-I. The 1.6-angstrom crystal structure showed not only the common CHH superfamily scaffold comprising three α-helices, three disulfide bridges, and a hydrophobic core but also revealed that the C-terminal part has a variant backbone fold that is specific to Pej-SGP-I-Gly. The α-helix 4 of Pej-SGP-I-Gly was much longer than that of molt-inhibiting hormone (Pej-MIH) from the same species, and as a result, the following C-terminal helix, corresponding to α-helix 5 in MIH, was not formed. Unlike monomeric Pej-MIH, Pej-SGP-I-Gly forms a homodimer in the crystal structure via its unique α-helix 4. The unexpected dissimilar folds between Pej-SGP-I-Gly and Pej-MIH appear to be the result of their distinct C-terminal amino acid sequences. Variations in amino acid sequences and lengths and the resulting variety of backbone folds allow the C-terminal and sterically adjoining regions to confer different hormonal activities in diverse CHH superfamily members. DATABASE Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5B5I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Fumio Arisaka
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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Katayama H, Kubota N, Hojo H, Okada A, Kotaka S, Tsutsui N, Ohira T. Direct evidence for the function of crustacean insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG): Total chemical synthesis of IAG. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nakamura T, Katagiri M, Tsutsui N, Toh K, Rhodes NJ, Schooneveld EM, Ooguri H, Noguchi Y, Sakasai K, Soyama K. Development of a ZnS/10B2O3 scintillator with low-afterglow phosphor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/528/1/012043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kang BJ, Okutsu T, Tsutsui N, Shinji J, Bae SH, Wilder MN. Dynamics of vitellogenin and vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone levels in adult and subadult whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: relation to molting and eyestalk ablation. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:12. [PMID: 24337313 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of vitellogenin (VG) and vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) in the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in relation to the molting cycle and ovarian maturation induced by eyestalk ablation. During the molt cycle, VG mRNA expression levels and VG concentrations showed similar patterns of fluctuation. VG levels increased significantly at early intermolt (stage C0) in adults, but not in subadults. Unilateral and bilateral eyestalk ablation increased VG levels in adults, whereas only bilateral eyestalk ablation affected subadults. VIH levels showed contrasting patterns between adults and subadults. In adults, levels were high in late postmolt adults (stage B) and then low thereafter, whereas they increased from postmolt (stage A) to intermolt (stage C0) in subadults and remained high. Unilateral eyestalk ablation increased VIH levels 10 days following ablation in adults, after which levels decreased at 20 days. VIH levels decreased from 10 to 20 days after bilateral ablation. Both unilateral and bilateral ablation led to increased VIH levels in subadults. Eyestalk ablation induced ovarian maturation, but did not reduce VIH concentrations in the hemolymph. This phenomenon was perhaps due to other crustacean hyperglycemic hormone peptides having cross-reactivity with VIH antibodies. This is the first report to quantify concentrations of VG and VIH together in L. vannamei hemolymph, and to examine their relative dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jung Kang
- Fisheries Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Bae SH, Kim BR, Kang BJ, Tsutsui N, Okutsu T, Shinji J, Jang IK, Han CH, Wilder MN. Molecular cloning of prophenoloxidase and the effects of dietary β-glucan and rutin on immune response in hemocytes of the fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 33:597-604. [PMID: 22796907 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary β-glucan (0.5 or 1 g kg⁻¹ diet: 0.5-BG, 1-BG) and rutin (0.5 or 1 g kg⁻¹ diet: 0.5-RT, 1-RT) after 10 days in the absence of pathogen challenge on the immune response of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, we determined total hemocyte count (THC) and the expression of four immune-related genes in hemocytes: those for prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin (PX), lipopolysaccharide and/or β-glucan binding protein (LGBP), and c-type lectin (CL). As a prerequisite for subsequent experiments, cDNA encoding proPO of the fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis (f-proPO) was obtained from hemocytes; it had a full length of 3023 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2061bp, a 105-bp 5'-untranslated region, and a 906-bp 3'-untranslated region containing the poly A signal. The THCs of shrimp fed β-glucan of 1 g kg⁻¹ diet, and rutin of 1 g kg⁻¹ diet were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). The expression of proPO mRNA was slightly downregulated and that of LGBP mRNA was upregulated (except in 1-RT). PX and CL mRNA remained constitutively expressed in all groups. Our results reveal that β-glucan and rutin dietary supplements have minimal effect on immune response in the absence of pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Bae
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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14
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Tsutsui N, Chung JS. A novel putative lipoprotein receptor (CasLpR) in the hemocytes of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus: cloning and up-regulated expression after the injection of LPS and LTA. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 32:469-475. [PMID: 22155280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The full-length cDNA encoding a putative lipoprotein receptor (CasLpR) was isolated from the hemocytes of Callinectes sapidus using 5' and 3' RACEs. The open reading frame for CasLpR contains a precursor of putative CasLpR consisting of 1710 amino acid residues including 22 amino acid residues of the signal peptide (22 amino acids). Mature CasLpR (1688 amino acids with 5.6% of phosphorylation sites) has multiple, putative functional domains: five low-density lipoprotein receptor domains in the N-terminus, and a G-protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site domain and a 7 transmembrane receptor (secretin family) domain in the C-terminus. To date, there are no proteins with a similar domain structure in the GenBank. The expression pattern of CasLpR was exclusive in hemocytes among all tested tissues obtained from a juvenile female at intermolt stage: brain, eyestalk ganglia, pericardial organs, and thoracic ganglia complex (nervous system); hepatopancreas (digestive system); heart, artery and hemocytes (circulatory system); gill and antennal gland (excretory system), hypodermis; and Y-organ (endocrine organ). There was no CasLpR expression in the ovary of an adult female. A putative function of CasLpR was examined after challenges of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in vivo using qRT-PCR assays. Animals at 24 h after injection of LPS or LTA up-regulated the expression of CasLpR in hemocytes by ∼3.5 and 1.4 folds, respectively, compared to the controls that received saline injection. LPS challenge also caused the greatest increment (∼55 folds) of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression in these samples. These data indicate that putative CasLpR and CasHsp90 may be involved in the defense system or the stress response of C. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 East Pratt Street, Columbus Center, Suite 236, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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15
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Miyabe K, Tokunaga H, Endo H, Inoue H, Suzuki M, Tsutsui N, Yokoo N, Kogure T, Nagasawa H. GSP-37, a novel goldfish scale matrix protein: identification, localization and functional analysis. Faraday Discuss 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Inoue H, Tsutsui N, Nagai C, Nagata K, Tanokura M, Nagasawa H. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone from the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus in its weakly active precursor form. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1586-9. [PMID: 22139173 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in crustaceans. Pej-SGP-I, one of the six known CHHs in the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as an N-terminally His-tagged and Nus-tagged protein in its weakly active precursor form, Pej-SGP-I-Gly, which has an extra glycine residue at the C-terminus. The recombinant peptide was subjected to affinity purification, tag removal, further purification and crystallization by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using NaCl as the main precipitant. The crystals diffracted to 1.95 Å resolution and the space group was assigned as primitive orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 40.19, b = 53.65, c = 53.63 Å. The Matthews coefficient (V(M) = 1.73 Å(3) Da(-1)) indicated that the crystal contained two Pej-SGP-I-Gly molecules per asymmetric unit, with a solvent content of 29.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Suzuki M, Iwashima A, Tsutsui N, Ohira T, Kogure T, Nagasawa H. Identification and characterisation of a calcium carbonate-binding protein, blue mussel shell protein (BMSP), from the nacreous layer. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2478-87. [PMID: 21932217 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nacreous layer of molluscan shells consists of a highly organised, layered structure comprising calcium carbonate aragonite crystals, each surrounded by an organic matrix. In the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the Pif protein from the nacreous layer functions in aragonite binding, and plays a key role in nacre formation. Here, we investigated whether the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis also has a protein with similar functions in the nacreous layer. By using a calcium carbonate-binding assay, we identified the novel protein blue mussel shell protein (BMSP) 100 that can bind calcium carbonate crystals of both aragonite and calcite. When the entire sequence of a cDNA encoding BMSP 100 was determined, it was found that BMSP is a preproprotein consisting of a signal peptide and two proteins, BMSP 120 and BMSP 100. BMSP 120 contains four von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domains and one chitin-binding domain, thus suggesting that it has a role in maintaining structure within the matrix. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BMSP 100 is present throughout the nacreous layer with dense localisation in the myostracum. Posttranslational modification analysis indicated that BMSP 100 is phosphorylated and glycosylated. These results suggest that there is a common molecular mechanism between P. fucata and M. galloprovincialis that underlies the nacreous layer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Wilder M, Okumura T, Tsutsui N. Reproductive Mechanisms in Crustacea Focusing on Selected Prawn Species: Vitellogenin Structure, Processing and Synthetic Control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5047/absm.2010.00303.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Chung JS, Zmora N, Katayama H, Tsutsui N. Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptidesfamily: Functions, titer, and binding to target tissues. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:447-54. [PMID: 20026335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The removal of the eyestalk (s) induces molting and reproduction promoted the presence of regulatory substances in the eyestalk (ES), particularly medulla terminalis X-organ and the sinus gland (MTXO-SG). The PCR-based cloning strategies have allowed for isolating a great number of cDNAs sequences of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptides family from the eyestalk and non-eyestalk tissues, e.g., pericardial organs and fore- and hindguts. However, the translated corresponding neuropeptides in these tissues, their circulating concentrations, the mode of actions, and specific physiological functions have not been well described. The profiles of CHH neuropeptides present in the MTXO-SG may differ among decapod crustacean species, but they can be largely divided into two sub-groups on the basis of structural homology: (1) CHH and (2) molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH)/mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone (MOIH)/vitellogenesis/gonad-inhibiting hormone (V/GIH). CHH typically elevating the level of circulating glucose from animals under stressful conditions (hyper- and hypothermia, hypoxia, and low salinity) has multiple target tissues and functions such as ecdysteroidogenesis, osmoregulation, and vitellogenesis. Recently, MIH, known for exclusively suppressing ecdysteroidogenesis in Y-organs, is also reported to have an additional role in vitellogenesis of adult female crustacean species, suggesting that some CHH neuropeptides may acquire an extra regulatory role in reproduction at adult stage. This paper reviews the regulatory roles of CHH and MIH at the levels of specific functions, temporal and spatial expression, titers, their binding sites on the target tissues, and second messengers from two crab species: the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and the European green crab, Carcinus maenas. It further discusses the diverse regulatory roles of these neuropeptides and the functional plasticity of these neuropeptides in regard to life stage and species-specific physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sook Chung
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Ohira T, Tsutsui N, Nagasawa H, Wilder MN. Preparation of two recombinant crustacean hyperglycemic hormones from the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and their hyperglycemic activities. Zoolog Sci 2007; 23:383-91. [PMID: 16702772 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.23.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is released from the X-organ/sinus gland complex located in the eyestalks, and regulates glucose levels in the hemolymph. In the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), two cDNAs encoding different CHH molecules were previously cloned by other workers. One of these (Mar-CHH-2) was expressed only in the eyestalks, whereas the other (Mar-CHH-L) was expressed in the heart, gills, antennal gland, and thoracic ganglion, but not in the eyestalks. However, their biological activities had not yet been characterized. Therefore, in this study, recombinant Mar-CHH-2 (rMar-CHH-2) and Mar-CHH-L (rMar-CHH-L) were produced using an E. coli expression system, by expression in bacterial cells and recovery in the insoluble fraction. Thereafter, rMar-CHH-2 and rMar-CHH-L were subjected to refolding and were subsequently purified by reversed-phase HPLC. The rMar-CHH-2 and rMar-CHH-L thus obtained exhibited the same disulfide bond arrangements as those of other CHHs reported previously, indicative of natural conformation. In in vivo bioassay, rMar-CHH-2 showed significant hyperglycemic activity, whereas rMar-CHH-L had no effect. These results indicate that Mar-CHH-L does not function as a CHH, but may have some other, unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
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21
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Ohira T, Tsutsui N, Kawazoe I, Wilder MN. Isolation and characterization of two pigment-dispersing hormones from the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Zoolog Sci 2007; 23:601-6. [PMID: 16908959 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.23.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In crustaceans, the pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) is released from the X-organ/sinus gland complex located in the eyestalks, and controls pigment dispersion in the chromatophores. Knowledge concerning the structure and activity of PDH in penaeid shrimps is remains limited, since natural PDH has been purified from only the Kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. In this study, two PDHs (Liv-PDH-A and -B) were purified from the sinus gland extracts of another penaeid species, the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, by two steps of reversed-phase HPLC, and their amino acid sequences were determined. They both consist of 18 amino acid residues, with a free N-terminus and an amidated C-terminus, the sequences of Liv-PDH-A and -B being NSELINSLLGIPKVMNDAamide and NSELINSLLGLPKVMNDAamide, respectively. These sequences are identical to those of mature PDHs deduced from cDNAs encoding L. vannamei PDH precursors cloned previously by other workers. Liv-PDH-A and -B showed significant pigment-dispersing activity in melanophores by in vivo bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tsutsui N, Ohira T, Kawazoe I, Takahashi A, Wilder MN. Purification of sinus gland peptides having vitellogenesis-inhibiting activity from the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2007; 9:360-9. [PMID: 17357858 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) in Crustacea belongs to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)-family. To characterize multiple VIH molecules in the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, seven CHH-family peptides designated as Liv-SGP-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G were purified by reversed-phase HPLC and identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The dose-response effects of these peptides on vitellogenin mRNA levels were examined using in vitro incubation of ovarian fragments of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. Liv-SGP-D showed no significant inhibitory activities, while the other six peptides significantly reduced vitellogenin mRNA levels, however, with differing efficacies, in the order of Liv-SGP-C, -F, -G > -A, -B > -E. Liv-SGP-G was the most abundant CHH-family peptide in the sinus gland and showed strong vitellogenesis-inhibiting activity. As a result of detailed structural analysis, its complete primary structure was determined; it consisted of 72 amino acid residues and possesses an amidated C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
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23
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Ohira T, Okumura T, Suzuki M, Yajima Y, Tsutsui N, Wilder MN, Nagasawa H. Production and characterization of recombinant vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone from the American lobster Homarus americanus. Peptides 2006; 27:1251-8. [PMID: 16321455 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant peptides related to vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) of the American lobster Homarus americanus were expressed in bacterial cells, and then purified after being allowed to refold. Biological activities of the recombinant VIHs having an amidated C-terminus (rHoa-VIH-amide) and a free carboxyl-terminus (rHoa-VIH-OH) were examined using an ovarian fragment incubation system derived from the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. The rHoa-VIH-amide significantly reduced vitellogenin mRNA levels in the ovary, while rHoa-VIH-OH had no effect. This is the first report that describes the production of a crustacean VIH having biological activity and the importance of the C-terminal amidation for its vitellogenesis-inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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Jayasankar V, Jasmani S, Tsutsui N, Aida K, Wilder MN. Dynamics of vitellogenin synthesis in juvenile giant freshwater prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 305:440-8. [PMID: 16489546 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression and patterns of Vg and vitellin distribution in the hepatopancreas and ovary of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii were examined using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Eyestalk ablation was seen to induce rapid development of the gonads and Vg synthesis in females. In the female hepatopancreas, Vg mRNA expression was observed several days following ablation, after which levels increased gradually with increasing gonadosomatic index (GSI). Vitellin accumulation in the oocytes also increased with increasing Vg mRNA synthesis; expression was however negligible in the ovary. Hemolymph Vg levels in females ranged from 0.04 to 2.2 mg/ml. SDS PAGE/Western blotting analysis of hemolymph samples revealed that juvenile Vg was composed of 199 and 90 kDa subunits; the 102 kDa subunit present in adult female Vg (Okuno et al., 2002. J Exp Zool 292:417-429) could not be detected at any stage of vitellogenesis in juveniles. Vg was not detectable in non-ablated juveniles. The results of this study confirmed that the mode of involvement of eyestalk factors in regulating vitellogenesis is intrinsic to both juveniles and adults, and that a basic pattern of Vg synthesis and processing is conserved. However, the fact that juveniles are not able to produce the same Vg levels observed in adult females, and do not reach high GSI levels culminating in spawning suggests that other factors and physiological conditions specific to adult females are necessary to demonstrate full reproductive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Jayasankar
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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25
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Okumura T, Kim YK, Kawazoe I, Yamano K, Tsutsui N, Aida K. Expression of vitellogenin and cortical rod proteins during induced ovarian development by eyestalk ablation in the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:246-53. [PMID: 16423545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In penaeid shrimp species, ovarian development is characterized by the accumulation of a major yolk protein (vitellin) and the formation of cortical rods in the oocytes. The process is considered to be under the control of a neuroendocrine organ in the eyestalk (the X-organ sinus gland complex). In the present study, the synthesis of vitellogenin (VTG, precursor of vitellin) and two kinds of cortical rod proteins (cortical rod protein, CRP; thrombospondin, MjTSP) was induced by bilateral eyestalk ablation (removal of the X-organ sinus gland complex) in immature female kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and the synthesis process was monitored over a 7-day period after the ablation. The ovarian weight and hemolymph VTG levels increased in the ablated females. The VTG mRNA levels in the ovary increased concomitantly with vitellin accumulation in the ovary after eyestalk ablation. On the other hand, the CRP and MjTSP protein levels in the ovary increased after eyestalk ablation, whereas the CRP and MjTSP mRNA levels in the ovary did not change concomitantly. The results suggest that the regulatory mechanism of gene expression by eyestalk hormones is different between VTG (transcriptional control) and CRP-MjTSP (translational control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Okumura
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minami-ise, Mie 516-0193, Japan.
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Tsutsui N, Katayama H, Ohira T, Nagasawa H, Wilder MN, Aida K. The effects of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone-family peptides on vitellogenin gene expression in the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2005; 144:232-9. [PMID: 16055123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In crustaceans, eyestalk ablation induces gonadal maturation of which vitellogenin gene expression is an essential step. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the hormones produced by the X-organ/sinus gland complex in the eyestalk regulate vitellogenesis remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effects of sinus gland extracts and certain sinus gland peptides belonging to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone peptide family on vitellogenin gene expression in ovarian fragments of immature kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Vitellogenin mRNA levels in incubated ovarian fragments were significantly higher than those in unincubated ovarian fragments prepared from the same animal. Sinus gland extracts and sinus gland peptide-III (type I peptide) both reduced vitellogenin mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, neither molt-inhibiting hormone (sinus gland peptide-IV) nor molt-inhibiting hormone B, both of which are type II peptides, exerted significant effects on vitellogenin mRNA levels. These results suggest that, in the immature ovary, sinus gland peptide-III is involved in the suppression of vitellogenin gene expression. The existence of such a peptide in the X-organ/sinus gland complex provides a rationale for the significant increase in vitellogenin mRNA levels in the ovaries of eyestalk-ablated prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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Kim YK, Tsutsui N, Kawazoe I, Okumura T, Kaneko T, Aida K. Localization and developmental expression of mRNA for cortical rod protein in kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. Zoolog Sci 2005; 22:675-80. [PMID: 15988163 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.22.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mature penaeid oocytes possess cortical rods that contain two related cortical rod proteins (CRP, 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa). In the present study, localization of CRP mRNA and gene expression profiles of CRP and vitellogenin (Vg) during ovarian development were examined in kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus, an economically important species for shrimp and prawn farming. Northern blot analysis revealed that CRP mRNA was expressed in the ovary. In situ hybridization showed strong signals for CRP transcripts in the oocytes at early developmental stages in both immature and mature ovaries. Quantitative analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that CRP mRNA levels were higher in the previtellogenic and endogenous (primary) vitellogenic stages than in more advanced stages. Unlike CRP mRNA, Vg mRNA levels were low in the ovary and hepatopancreas in previtellogenic females. When the ovary developed into the endogenous vitellogenic stage, ovarian Vg mRNA levels increased significantly, followed by rapid decrease in more advanced stages. The Vg mRNA levels in the hepatopancreas, on the other hand, tended to be high in the exogenous (secondary) vitellogenic and maturation stages, in which ovarian Vg mRNA levels were decreased. Our findings indicate that CRP mRNA is highly expressed before the onset of vitellogenesis, suggesting that the transcription, translation, and cortical-rod formation of CRP occur at different phases of oocyte development. The endogenous vitellogenic stage is a crucial stage for the initiation of CRP and Vg syntheses. The coincidence of these protein syntheses suggests that CRP and Vg syntheses are regulated by closely-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Kim YK, Kawazoe I, Tsutsui N, Jasmani S, Wilder MN, Aida K. Isolation and cDNA cloning of ovarian cortical rod protein in kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae). Zoolog Sci 2005; 21:1109-19. [PMID: 15572862 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.21.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two cortical rod proteins having molecular weights of 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa were isolated from the mature ovary of Marsupenaeus japonicus using gel filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 28.6 kDa molecule revealed that amino acid residues 1-21 corresponded to residues 9-29 of the 30.5 kDa molecule. Examination of homology using BLAST showed that 21 amino acids out of 29 residues of the 28.6 kDa molecule, and 14 out of 29 residues of the 30.5 kDa molecule were identical to that of the ovarian cortical rod proteins of Penaeus semisulcatus. Positive immunohistochemical reaction to antiserum raised against the 28.6 kDa protein was observed on cortical rods forming around the periphery of oocytes at the maturation stages. Western blotting analysis revealed that both the 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa molecules stained with the anti-28.6 kDa antiserum. Furthermore, the 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa proteins were both glycosylated, as evidenced by positive carbohydrate staining using Concanavalin A and production of positive PAS reaction. These results indicate that the cortical rods are comprised of the 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa molecules. We subsequently cloned two full-length cDNAs based on the N-terminal sequences of the 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa molecules. The open reading frame of 28.6 kDa and 30.5 kDa encoded 276 amino acid residues. Comparison analysis of the two cDNAs revealed that the location of the processing site and sequence of signal peptides differed, indicating that the two cDNAs are products of two separate genes and encode the 28.6 kDa molecule and 30.5 kDa molecule, respectively. Both proteins possessed one potential N-linked glycosylation site. It is considered that both molecules are components of the cortical rods, forming a jelly layer after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishikawa T, Aoki S, Fukugita M, Hashimoto S, Ishikawa KI, Ishizuka N, Iwasaki Y, Kanaya K, Kaneko T, Kuramashi Y, Okawa M, Onogi T, Taniguchi N, Tsutsui N, Ukawa A, Yoshié T. Light hadron spectrum in 2+1 flavor full QCD by CP-PACS and JLQCD Collaborations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tsutsui N, Saido-Sakanaka H, Yang WJ, Jayasankar V, Jasmani S, Okuno A, Ohira T, Okumura T, Aida K, Wilder MN. Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding vitellogenin in the coonstriped shrimp, Pandalus hypsinotus and site of vitellogenin mRNA expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:802-14. [PMID: 15449343 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the primary structure of vitellogenin in a protandric species, the coonstriped shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus, we previously purified four vitellin components (designated as VnA, VnB, VnC, and VnD, respectively), and chemically analyzed their partial amino acid sequences. In this study, we subsequently cloned a cDNA encoding vitellogenin in this species based on the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of VnA, as well as the N-terminal sequence of VnC. The open reading frame of this cDNA encoded a pro-vitellogenin in which vitellins were arranged as follows: NH2-VnA-VnB-VnC/D-COOH. The deduced amino acid sequence possessed a single consensus cleavage sequence, R-X-K/R-R, along the lines of vitellogenins reported in other crustaceans and insects, and the N-terminal sequence of VnB was immediately preceded by this sequence. The comparison of primary structures revealed the existence of a basic and characteristic structure for the vitellogenin molecule in decapod crustacean species, and phylogenetic analysis reflected the current taxonomic classifications of Crustacea. An approximately 8 kb-long transcript of the vitellogenin gene was detected in the hepatopancreas of female shrimps having a gonadosomatic index higher than 1.0 by Northern blot analysis, but was not observed in the hepatopancreas and gonads of male shrimps and the hepatopancreas of female shrimps having a gonadosomatic index lower than 1.0. These results indicate that the hepatopancreas is responsible for vitellogenin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Tsutsui
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686
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31
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Jasmani S, Ohira T, Jayasankar V, Tsutsui N, Aida K, Wilder MN. Localization of vitellogenin mRNA expression and vitellogenin uptake during ovarian maturation in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:334-43. [PMID: 15039992 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the dynamics of vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression and Vg uptake during ovarian maturation in the hepatopancreas and ovary at differing stages of ovarian maturation in both intact and eyestalk ablated female Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the hepatopancreas of intact animals, Vg mRNA expression was detected faintly two days after ecdysis, and signals showed a gradual increase as the molt cycle advanced to the premolt stages, but decreased at the late premolt stage. Vg mRNA was detected in the R-cells of the hepatopancreas, indicating that these cells are responsible for synthesizing Vg. No Vg mRNA expression was observed in the ovary. Immunohistochemistry results for the hepatopancreas showed a pattern of staining intensity similar to that of in situ hybridization. Increases in the accumulation of yolk protein in the oocytes occurred concomitantly with increasing Vg mRNA expression. In eyestalk ablated animals, Vg mRNA expression and Vg uptake showed similar but accelerated patterns to those of intact animals. This study has confirmed on the cellular level previous results that Vg synthesis is intrinsically correlated to ovarian maturation and the molt cycle in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Jasmani
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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32
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Aoki S, Fukugita M, Hashimoto S, Ishikawa KI, Ishizuka N, Iwasaki Y, Kanaya K, Kaneko T, Kuramashi Y, Okawa M, Onogi T, Tsutsui N, Ukawa A, Yamada N, Yoshié T. B(0)-B(0) mixing in unquenched lattice QCD. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:212001. [PMID: 14683290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present an unquenched lattice calculation for the B(0)-B(0) transition amplitude. The calculation, carried out at an inverse lattice spacing 1/a=2.22(4) GeV, incorporates two flavors of dynamical quarks described by the O(a)-improved Wilson fermion action and heavy quarks described by nonrelativistic QCD. Particular attention is paid to the uncertainty that arises from the chiral extrapolation, especially the effect of pion loops, for light quarks, which we find could be sizable for the leptonic decay constant, whereas it is small for the B parameters. We obtain f(B(d))=191(10)(+12-22) MeV, f(B(s))/f(B(d))=1.13(3)(+13-2), B(B(d))(m(b))=0.836(27)(+56-62), B(B(s))/B(B(d))=1.017(16)(+56-17), and xi=1.14(3)(+13-2), where the first error is statistical, and the second is systematic, including uncertainties due to chiral extrapolation, finite lattice spacing, heavy quark expansion, and perturbative operator matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aoki
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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Aoki M, Kaneko T, Katoh F, Hasegawa S, Tsutsui N, Aida K. Intestinal water absorption through aquaporin 1 expressed in the apical membrane of mucosal epithelial cells in seawater-adapted Japanese eel. J Exp Biol 2003; 206:3495-505. [PMID: 12939380 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms associated with water absorption in the intestine, we compared drinking and intestinal water absorption in freshwater- and seawater-adapted Japanese eels, and investigated a possible involvement of aquaporin (AQP) in the absorption of water in the intestine. Seawater eels ingested more water than freshwater eels, the drinking rate being 0.02 ml kg(-1) h(-1) in fresh water and 0.82 ml kg(-1) h(-1) in sea water. In intestinal sacs prepared from freshwater and seawater eels, water absorption increased in time- and hydrostatic pressure-dependent manners. The water absorption rates were greater in seawater sacs than in freshwater sacs, and also greater in the posterior intestine than in the anterior. In view of the enhanced water permeability in the intestine of seawater eel, we cloned two cDNAs encoding AQP from the seawater eel intestine, and identified two eel homologues (S-AQP and L-AQP) of mammalian AQP1. S-AQP and L-AQP possessed the same amino acid sequence, except that one amino acid was lacking in S-AQP and two amino acids were substituted. Eel AQP1 was expressed predominantly in the intestine, and the expression levels were higher in seawater eel than in freshwater eel. Immunocytochemical studies revealed intense AQP1 immunoreaction in the apical surface of columnar epithelial cells in seawater eel, in which the immunoreaction was stronger in the posterior intestine than in the anterior. In contrast, the immunoreaction was faint in the freshwater eel intestine. Preferential localization of AQP1 in the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the posterior intestine of seawater eel indicates that this region of the intestine is responsible for water absorption, and that AQP1 may act as a water entry site in the epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Aoki
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Jayasankar V, Tsutsui N, Jasmani S, Saido-Sakanaka H, Yang WJ, Okuno A, Tran TTH, Aida K, Wilder MN. Dynamics of vitellogenin mRNA expression and changes in hemolymph vitellogenin levels during ovarian maturation in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Exp Zool 2002; 293:675-82. [PMID: 12410595 DOI: 10.1002/jez.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of vitellogenin mRNA expression during ovarian maturation in Macrobrachium rosenbergii were examined by measuring hemolymph vitellogenin (Vg) levels and Vg mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas and ovary at differing reproductive stages in both intact and eyestalk ablated animals. Vg mRNA was quantified using real-time RT-PCR and hemolymph Vg was measured by enzyme immunoassay. In intact animals, Vg mRNA levels in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph Vg levels showed a gradual increase during the molt cycle concomitant with increasing gonadosomatic index (GSI), with Vg levels decreasing prior to ecdysis although GSI continued to increase. Eyestalk ablation was seen to accelerate Vg synthesis as well as ovarian maturation, although it did not alter the overall pattern of Vg expression. Vg mRNA expression was negligible in the ovary of both intact and eyestalk ablated animals, confirming that the hepatopancreas is the principal site of Vg synthesis in M. rosenbergii with the ovary being only a minor contributor. This study has shown that Vg synthesis is correlated to ovarian maturation and the molt cycle in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Jayasankar
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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35
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Okuno A, Yang WJ, Jayasankar V, Saido-Sakanaka H, Huong DTT, Jasmani S, Atmomarsono M, Subramoniam T, Tsutsui N, Ohira T, Kawazoe I, Aida K, Wilder MN. Deduced primary structure of vitellogenin in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and yolk processing during ovarian maturation. J Exp Zool 2002; 292:417-29. [PMID: 11857476 DOI: 10.1002/jez.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding vitellogenin (Vg) in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was cloned based on the cDNA sequence of vitellin (Vn) fragments A-N and B-42 determined previously, and its amino acid sequence deduced. The open reading frame (ORF) encoded 2,537 amino acid residues and its deduced amino acid sequence possessed three consensus cleavage sites, R-X-R-R, similar to those reported in Vgs of insects. The deduced primary structure of Vg in M. rosenbergii was seen to be similar to that of Penaeus japonicus, especially in the N-terminal region. It is therefore likely that Vgs in crustacean species including prawns and other related decapods exhibit a similar structural pattern. Based on the deduced primary structure of Vg and analysis of the various Vg and Vn subunits found in the hemolymph and ovary during ovarian maturation, we demonstrated the post-translational processing of Vg in M. rosenbergii. This is the first time that Vg processing has been clearly demonstrated in a crustacean species. Vg, after being synthesized in the hepatopancreas, is considered to be cleaved by a subtilisin-like endoprotease to form two subunits, A and proB, which are then released into the hemolymph. In the hemolymph, proB is possibly cleaved by a processing enzyme of unknown identity to give rise to subunits B and C/D. The three processed subunits A, B, and C/D are sequestered by the ovary to give rise to three yolk proteins, Macr-VnA, VnB, and VnC/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Okuno
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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36
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Abstract
A beta-glucuronidase from Pectinex Ultra SP-L, a commercial pectolytic enzyme preparation from Aspergillus niger, was purified 170-fold by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Apparent M(r) of the purified enzyme, estimated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography, were 68,000 and 71,000, respectively, indicating that the enzyme is a monomeric protein. It released uronic acids not only from p-nitrophenyl beta-glucosiduronic acid (PNP-GlcA) but also from acidic galactooligosaccharides carrying either beta-D-glucosyluronic or 4-O-methyl-beta-D-glucosyluronic residues at the nonreducing termini through beta-(1-->6)-glycosidic linkages. The enzyme exhibited a maximal activity toward these substrates at pH 3.0. A regioisomer, 3-O-beta-glucosyluronic acid-galactose, was unsusceptible to the enzyme. The enzyme did act on a polymer substrate, releasing uronic acid from the carbohydrate portion of a radish arabinogalactan-protein modified by treatment with fungal alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. The enzyme produced acidic oligosaccharides by transglycosylation, catalyzing the transfer of uronic acid residues of PNP-GlcA and 6-O-beta-glucosyluronic acid-galactose to certain exogenous acceptor sugars such as Gal, N-acetylgalactosamine, Glc, and xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuroyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Urawa 338-8570, Japan
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Yozu R, Shin H, Mitsumaru A, Matayoshi T, Morita M, Tsutsui N, Tsutsui Y, Tsutsui Y, Kumeno T, Kawada S. A New Endo Aortic Occlusion Balloon for Limited Access Cardiac Surgery: Development and Clinical Evaluation. ASAIO J 2001; 47:254-6. [PMID: 11374768 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200105000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), or limited access cardiac surgery, has been presented as a promising operative procedure. We developed a new balloon device that is inserted directly into the ascending aorta to stop the heart during limited access cardiac surgery. The balloon has a three lumen structure: balloon lumen port, cardioplegia/vent lumen port, and aortic root lumen port. This direct EAC balloon catheter, designed to be inserted directly into the ascending aorta, is different from the Heartport system. The Heartport EAC balloon catheter is inserted into the aorta via an artery in the lower limb, making lower limb arterial disease a key concern. Our Direct Endo Aortic Clamp (EAC) balloon overcomes this problem. The device was clinically used in seven cardiac cases. All patients were discharged within 5 postoperative days, confirming the utility of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yozu
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine and Tokai Medical Products, Tokyo, Japan
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Terai H, Tamura N, Nakamura T, Nishimura K, Tsutsui N, Shimizu Y, Komeda M. Treatment of acute stanford type B aortic dissection with a novel cylindrical balloon catheter in dogs. Circulation 2000; 102:III259-62. [PMID: 11082398 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_3.iii-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent progress in medical and surgical treatment, acute type B aortic dissection still carries a high mortality rate. We have developed a novel cylindrical balloon catheter for less invasive treatment to block the entry of the dissection and induce thrombotic occlusion of the false lumen. The balloon has the shape of a sheet when deflated but a double-cylinder shape when inflated. Therefore, aortic blood flow is maintained through the cylindrical lumen during balloon inflation. METHODS AND RESULTS Six beagle dogs underwent a left thoracotomy at the 6th intercostal space. An acute dissection of 4-cm length was created surgically on the descending aorta. The balloon catheter was inserted through the distal descending aorta and advanced to the entry site. The balloon catheter was inflated for 6 hours. The blood flow in the descending aorta and the position of the balloon was monitored by color Doppler echovasculography. Four dogs were killed humanely on the following day and 2 dogs 10 days after the surgery. The descending aorta was examined macroscopically and microscopically in all dogs. In all dogs, the false lumen was occluded by thrombi. Although no dog had clinical evidence of distal thromboembolism, 2 of the 4 dogs that were killed on the second postoperative day had fresh mural thrombi in the true lumen. CONCLUSIONS The false lumen of the acute type B aortic dissection was effectively occluded by the novel cylindrical balloon catheter in the canine experimental model. The thrombus formation in the true lumen is the problem to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Terai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Yang WJ, Ohira T, Tsutsui N, Subramoniam T, Huong DT, Aida K, Wilder MN. Determination of amino acid sequence and site of mRNA expression of four vitellins in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Exp Zool 2000; 287:413-22. [PMID: 11074453 DOI: 10.1002/1097-010x(20001101)287:6<413::aid-jez2>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four major yolk proteins, designated as vitellins (Vns) Macr-VnA, B, C, and D, were extracted from mature ovaries of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These were purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employing a unique separation system based on the hydrophobic properties of the Vn molecule. Using standard techniques of protein sequencing, more than 33 N-terminal and 57 internal amino acid residues were determined for each of the four Vns. The cDNA fragments encoding the four Vns were amplified by PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences. These cDNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and used as probes to examine the transcription of mRNAs encoding the four Vns. Significant accumulations of these mRNAs were observed in female hepatopancreas only, while mRNA expression was not detected in male hepatopancreas or any other female tissue including ovary, subepidermal adipose tissue, gill, and muscle. This is the first occasion in Crustacea in which multiple Vns were demonstrated to be synthesized simultaneously in a single tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture 305-8686, Japan
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Tsutsui N, Taneike I, Ohara T, Goshi S, Kojio S, Iwakura N, Matsumaru H, Wakisaka-Saito N, Zhang HM, Yamamoto T. A novel action of the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole and its thioether derivative against the motility of Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3069-73. [PMID: 11036024 PMCID: PMC101604 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.11.3069-3073.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The motility of Helicobacter pylori was maximum at 37 degrees C and at pH 6. A newly developed proton pump inhibitor, rabeprazole (RPZ), and its thioether derivative (RPZ-TH) markedly inhibited the motility of H. pylori. The concentrations of the drug necessary to inhibit 50% of the motility were 0.25, 16, 16, and >64 microgram/ml for RPZ-TH, RPZ, lansoprazole, and omeprazole, respectively. No such inhibitory effects were observed with H(2) blockers or anti-H. pylori agents. The motilities of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli-but not those of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Proteus mirabilis-were also inhibited. Prolonged incubation with RPZ or RPZ-TH inhibited bacterial growth of only H. pylori, except for a turbid colony mutant. The results indicate that RPZ and RPZ-TH have a characteristic inhibitory effect against the motility of H. pylori (spiral-shaped bacteria), which is distinguished from that against bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsutsui
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, 757 Ichibanchou, Niigata, Japan
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41
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Tsutsui N, Kawazoe I, Ohira T, Jasmani S, Yang WJ, Wilder MN, Aida K. Molecular Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Vitellogenin and Its Expression in the Hepatopancreas and Ovary during Vitellogenesis in the Kuruma Prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Zoolog Sci 2000; 17:651-60. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.17.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Accepted: 01/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Yasuda S, Noguchi T, Gohda M, Arai T, Tsutsui N, Matsuda T, Nonogi H. Single low-dose administration of human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor attenuates intimal hyperplasia in a balloon-injured rabbit iliac artery model. Circulation 2000; 101:2546-9. [PMID: 10831531 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.21.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that repeated systemic administration of human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (hrHGF) in mg/kg levels modulates the wound-healing process in various diseases. Recently, HGF has been characterized as one of the most potent endothelial-cell-specific growth factors. We tested our hypothesis that local delivery of hrHGF, even at low microg/kg levels (> or =2 orders of magnitude lower than systemically administered doses), might attenuate neointimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury via accelerated reendothelialization. METHODS AND RESULTS The iliac artery was denuded in 16 New Zealand White rabbits (3 kg), followed by administration, via a drug delivery catheter, of either hrHGF (10 microg; n = 11) or control vehicle (n=5) over 20 minutes. In pilot studies using this device, the drug permeated into the medial tissues, where it persisted for > or =24 hours. Four weeks after the local delivery of hrHGF, computer-assisted morphometric analysis revealed significant reduction in the intimal area (hrHGF, 0.37+/-0.21 versus control, 0.68+/-0.16 mm(2), mean +/- SD; P<0.05) but no change in the medial area (hrHGF, 1.03+/-0.21 versus control, 1.10+/-0.52 mm(2)). Scanning electron microscopy revealed extensive endothelialization with regular and confluent endothelial cell layer regeneration in the hrHGF-treated vessels. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated endothelialization after local delivery of hrHGF, a novel and potent endothelial cell mitogen, effectively attenuates neointimal proliferation even after single low-dose administration. This observation could have potential therapeutic implications in the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yasuda
- National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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Noguchi T, Yasuda S, Itoh T, Arai T, Kanda K, Tsutsui N, Nonogi H, Matsuda T. New multifunctional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheter device capable of balloon inflation, local drug delivery and coronary perfusion. J Cardiol 2000; 35:41-5. [PMID: 10654249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A new percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheter with multiple functions of balloon inflation, local drug delivery and coronary perfusion has been devised. The device consists of an inflatable lumen, a drug delivery lumen, and a perfusion (or guide wire) lumen. A drug can be infused from the port located distal to the inflated balloon during continuous blood perfusion via the perfusion lumen. Fluorescence-labeled heparin and peroxidase administered using the device permeated into denuded vessel tissues during ongoing perfusion and remained there for over 24 hr. This prototype device indicates the potential therapeutic implications of the concepts of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noguchi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka
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Tsutsui N, Ishii K, Takagi Y, Watanabe T, Nagasawa H. Cloning and Expression of a cDNA Encoding an Insoluble Matrix Protein in the Gastroliths of a Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Zoolog Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.16.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in infection with Plasmodium chabaudi was investigated with resistant and susceptible mouse models. C57BL/10 mice produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) shortly after infection and cleared the parasite spontaneously. In contrast, BALB/c mice showed a transient enhancement of TGF-beta production, followed by a relative lack of IFN-gamma and NO production, and succumbed to the infection. However, there was no correlation between levels of serum TGF-beta and splenic TGF-beta mRNA in both mouse strains before and after infection. Administration of recombinant TGF-beta (rTGF-beta) rendered resistant mice susceptible because of suppression of subsequent production of IFN-gamma and NO. Administration of anti-TGF-beta antibody to the infected BALB/c mice resulted in remarkable increases in serum IFN-gamma and NO, and the mice resisted the infection. Splenic CD4(+) T and CD11b+ cells of C57BL/10 mice were significantly activated after infection, but this was completely abrogated by administration of rTGF-beta. These results suggested that, in the P. chabaudi-susceptible but not resistant mice, production of TGF-beta was promoted, and subsequent failure of IFN-gamma- and NO-dependent resistance to the parasite was induced. This study is the first to indicate that TGF-beta production was the key event in failure of resistance to mouse malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsutsui
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Shinkai K, Nakamura K, Tsutsui N, Kuninishi Y, Iwaki Y, Nishida H, Suzuki R, Vohr HW, Takahashi M, Takahashi K, Kamimura Y, Maki E. Mouse popliteal lymph node assay for assessment of allergic and autoimmunity-inducing potentials of low-molecular-weight drugs. J Toxicol Sci 1999; 24:95-102. [PMID: 10349611 DOI: 10.2131/jts.24.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present collaborative study, popliteal lymph node (PLN) responses to penicillin G (an allergenic chemical), D-penicillamine (an autoimmunity-inducing chemical), and barbital (a negative reference chemical) were investigated in three different mouse strains by ten pharmaceutical companies. Two inbred mouse strains (BALB/c and A/J) and one outbred strain (ICR) were subcutaneously injected with saline solutions containing penicillin G (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/mouse), D-penicillamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mouse), or barbital (2 mg/mouse) into one hind footpad and saline only was injected into the contralateral footpad. PLN cellularity indices were determined on day 7. In the three strains tested, the penicillin G and D-penicillamine injections resulted in approximately dose-dependent responses. In contrast, barbital failed to generate a significant PLN reaction. In the typical data from one of the participating laboratories, the PLN responses of A/J, BALB/c, and ICR to penicillin G were high, intermediate and low, respectively, while their PLN responses to D-penicillamine were all high. Some variation in PLN cellularity indices was observed among the participating laboratories, but reproducibility of the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) evaluation was partly confirmed. Although the appropriate selection of mouse strains and drug dosage levels has to be considered, these results suggest that the PLNA may be an appropriate screening system for prediction of the allergic or autoimmunity-inducing potentials of low-molecular-weight drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shinkai
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Tokyo, Japan
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Aoki S, Fukugita M, Hashimoto S, Ishikawa KI, Ishizuka N, Iwasaki Y, Kanaya K, Kaneda T, Kaya S, Kuramashi Y, Okawa M, Onogi T, Tominaga S, Tsutsui N, Ukawa A, Yamada N, Yoshié T. Phase structure of lattice QCD at finite temperature for 2+1 flavors of Kogut-Susskind quarks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(99)85104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tsutsui N, Kamiyama T. Suppression of in vitro IFN-gamma production by spleen cells of Plasmodium chabaudi-infected C57BL/10 mice exposed to dexamethasone at a low dose. Int J Immunopharmacol 1998; 20:141-52. [PMID: 9730250 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(98)00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After infection with Plasmodium chabaudi, C57BL/10 mice produced significant amounts of serum IFN-gamma, developed a low level of parasitemia and survived the infection. Production of IFN-gamma was also obvious when spleen cells of the infected mice were stimulated with the parasite antigen contained in an erythrocyte lysate in vitro. Depletion of CD4+ T cells abrogated production of IFN-gamma, leading to loss of resistance to the infection. The CD4+ T cells/IFN-gamma-dependent resistance of the C57BL/10 mice against P. chabaudi was applied to assess immunotoxicological effect of dexamethasone (DEX). Administration of a high dose (0.75 mg/kg) resulted in loss of the splenic cellularity, remarkable decrease in serum IFN-gamma production, increased level of parasitemia, and eventual death of the infected mice. In contrast, DEX at a low dose (0.02 mg/kg) induced no alternation in the in vivo host immune activity and the mice survived the infection. However, when spleen cells were obtained from the infected mice administered the low dose of DEX and stimulated in vitro with the parasite antigen, a significantly decreased level of IFN-gamma was demonstrated with compared to control mice. These findings demonstrate that the in vitro production of IFN-gamma by spleen cells from P. chabaudi-resistant C57BL/10 mice was more sensitive to the immunosuppressive effect of in vivo administration of DEX. This ex vivo assay might provide a method for evaluation of drug-induced immunotoxicity at a higher sensitivity than the conventional host resistant assays such as comparison of severity of disease or time to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsutsui
- Toxicology Laboratory, Yokohama Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan
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Abstract
Sake lees obtained by brewing from liquefied rice were deprived of water and alcohol by lyophilization, and then examined for nutritional availability with the aid of proximate food analysis, amino acid analysis and animal experiment. Freeze-dried sake lees powder was comprised of 44.6% protein, 37.4% carbohydrate, 2.5% fat, 6.7% fiber, 1.8% ash and 7.2% moisture (alcohol < 0.1%), of which the nutritive value (amino acid score) was estimated as 89.6 when compared with the amino acid requirements for preschool children (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985). Sake lees protein had been, however, appreciably improved in the limiting amino acid "lysine" relative to polished rice protein. As a result of an animal experiment, the rats fed a 50% sake lees powder diet proved to be equal in growth to those fed a 20% casein (control) diet, although the former diet had to be supplemented with vitamins and minerals, which were in shortage as compared to the control diet. On the other hand, the feeding of sake lees powder was effective in lowering the serum triacylglycerol concentration. Accordingly, sake lees powder can be assessed as a favorable candidate for not only protein-rich but also hypolipidemic provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Fermentation, Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Research, Japan
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Ishii K, Tsutsui N, Watanabe T, Yanagisawa T, Nagasawa H. Solubilization and chemical characterization of an insoluble matrix protein in the gastroliths of a crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62:291-6. [PMID: 9532785 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gastrolith of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii contains a small amount of an organic matrix that is mainly chitin and proteins, together with a large amount of calcium carbonate. As the first step to understand the mechanism of calcification, we tried to characterize matrix proteins in the gastrolith. An insoluble matrix protein, referred to as gastrolith matrix protein, was made soluble with 1% SDS containing 10 mM dithiothreitol, and was purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The protein had a molecular weight of about 50,500 and a blocked amino terminus. By enzymatic digestion and microsequencing, five partial amino acid sequences with a total of 225 amino acid residues were identified and found to include a repetitive sequence not reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishii
- Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
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