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Ikenaga T, Nakamura T, Tajiri T, Tsuji M, Kato DI, Ineno T, Kobayashi Y, Tsutsui N, Kiyohara S. Diversity and evolution of serotonergic cells in taste buds of elasmobranchs and ancestral actinopterygian fish. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:431-439. [PMID: 37851111 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A subset of gustatory cells are serotonin immunoreactive (ir) in the mammalian taste bud. In the taste bud of lamprey, elongated gustatory-like cells are also serotonin-ir. In contrast, flattened serotonin-ir cells are located only in the basal region of the taste buds in the teleosts and amphibians. These serotonin-ir cells are termed as basal cells. To evaluate the evolution and diversity of serotonergic cells in the taste bud of amniote animals, we explored the distribution and morphology of serotonin-ir cells in the taste buds of ancestral actinopterygian fish (spotted gar, sturgeon, Polypterus senegalus) and elasmobranch (stingray). In all examined animals, the taste buds contained serotonin-ir cells in their basal part. The number of serotonin-ir basal cells in each taste bud was different between these fish species. They were highest in the stingray and decreased in the order of the Polypterus, sturgeon, and gar. While serotonin immunoreactivity was observed only in the basal cells in the taste buds of the ancestral actinopterygian fish, some elongated cells were also serotonin-ir in addition to the basal cells in the stingray taste buds. mRNA of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tph1), a rate-limiting enzyme of the serotonin synthesis, is expressed in both the elongated and basal cells of stingray taste buds, indicating that these cells synthesize the serotonin by themselves. These results suggest that the serotonin-ir basal cells arose from the ancestor of the cartilaginous fish, and serotonin-ir cells in the elasmobranch taste bud exhibit an intermediate aspect between the lamprey and actinopterygian fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ikenaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Tastufumi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Tajiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Minaki Tsuji
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Dai-Ichiro Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshinao Ineno
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Shingu Station, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-0052, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Sadao Kiyohara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou F, Zhu K, Zhu Q, Liu Q, Liu Y, Jiang L, Ning G, Bi Y, Zhou L, Wang X. Protein acetylation derepresses Serotonin Synthesis to potentiate Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function through HDAC1-PKA- Tph1 signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7351-7368. [PMID: 32641996 PMCID: PMC7330849 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Protein acetylation is tightly linked to transcriptional control and energy metabolism. However, the role of protein acetylation in islet function remains enigmatic. This study aims to determine how protein acetylation controls β-cell function and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The gene-expression profiles were analyzed for rat islets in response to two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Insulin secretion, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) expression, and serotonin synthesis of rat islets were detected after HDAC inhibitor treatment both in vivo and ex vivo. β-cell-specific Tph1-overexpressing transgenic rats and β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout mice were constructed to evaluate the role of Tph1 in β-cell function. The deacetylation of PKA in β-cells by HDAC1 was investigated by adenoviral infection, immunoprecipitation, and western blot. Results: Inhibition of HDACs greatly potentiated pancreatic β-cell function and reprogrammed transcriptional landscape of islets. Among the commonly up-regulated genes by two pan-HDAC inhibitors, Tph1 displayed the most prominent change. Specifically, inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 by MS-275 strongly promoted Tph1 expression and endogenous serotonin synthesis in rat islets, concomitantly with enhanced insulin secretory capacity in vivo and ex vivo. β-cell-specific Tph1-overexpressing transgenic rats exhibited improved glucose tolerance and amplified glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. On the contrary, β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout mice displayed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion with aging. Moreover, depletion of Tph1 in β-cells abrogated MS-275-induced insulin hypersecretion. Overexpression of HDAC1, not HDAC3, inhibited Tph1 transcriptional activity and decreased MS-275-stimulated Tph1 expression. Mechanistically, HDAC1 deacetylated PKA catalytic subunit and decreased its activity, resulting in Tph1 transcriptional repression. The acetylation mimetic K62Q mutant of PKA increased its catalytic activity. HDAC1 inhibition exerted a synergistic effect with cAMP/PKA signal on Tph1 expression. Conclusions: The present findings highlight a novel role of HDAC1-PKA-Tph1 signaling in governing β-cell functional compensation by derepressing serotonin synthesis.
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Jones LA, Sun EW, Martin AM, Keating DJ. The ever-changing roles of serotonin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 125:105776. [PMID: 32479926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) has traditional roles as a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and as a regulatory hormone controlling a broad range of physiological functions. Perhaps the most classically-defined functions of 5-HT are centrally in the control of mood, sleep and anxiety and peripherally in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility. A more recently appreciated role for 5-HT has emerged, however, as an important metabolic hormone contributing to glucose homeostasis and adiposity, with a causal relationship existing between circulating 5-HT levels and metabolic diseases. Almost all peripheral 5-HT is derived from specialised enteroendocrine cells, called enterochromaffin (EC) cells, located throughout the length of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. EC cells are important luminal sensory cells that can detect and respond to an array of ingested nutrients, as well as luminal gut microbiota and their associated metabolites. Intriguingly, the interaction between gut microbiota and EC cells is dynamic in nature and has strong implications for host physiology. In this review, we discuss the traditional and modern functions of 5-HT and highlight an emerging pathway by which gut microbiota influences host health. Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is an important neurotransmitter, growth factor and hormone that mediates a range of physiological functions. In mammals, serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan by the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), for which there are two isoforms expressed in distinct cell types throughout the body. Tph1 is mainly expressed by specialized gut endocrine cells known as enterochromaffin (EC) cells and by other non-neuronal cell types such as adipocytes (Walther et al., 2003). Tph2 is primarily expressed in neurons of the raphe nuclei of the brain stem and a subset of neurons in the enteric nervous system (ENS) (Yabut et al., 2019). As 5-HT cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier, the central and peripheral pools of 5-HT are anatomically separated and as such, act in their own distinct manners (Martin et al., 2017c). In this review we discuss the peripheral roles of serotonin, with particular focus on the interaction of gut-derived serotonin with the gut microbiota, and address emerging evidence linking this relationship with host homeostasis.
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Sibon D, Coman T, Rossignol J, Lamarque M, Kosmider O, Bayard E, Fouquet G, Rignault R, Topçu S, Bonneau P, Bernex F, Dussiot M, Deroy K, Laurent L, Callebert J, Launay JM, Georgin-Lavialle S, Courtois G, Maroteaux L, Vaillancourt C, Fontenay M, Hermine O, Côté F. Enhanced Renewal of Erythroid Progenitors in Myelodysplastic Anemia by Peripheral Serotonin. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3246-3256.e4. [PMID: 30893598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan as the precursor of several active compounds, including kynurenine and serotonin, is critical for numerous important metabolic functions. Enhanced tryptophan metabolism toward the kynurenine pathway has been associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), which are preleukemic clonal diseases characterized by dysplastic bone marrow and cytopenias. Here, we reveal a fundamental role for tryptophan metabolized along the serotonin pathway in normal erythropoiesis and in the physiopathology of MDS-related anemia. We identify, both in human and murine erythroid progenitors, a functional cell-autonomous serotonergic network with pro-survival and proliferative functions. In vivo studies demonstrate that pharmacological increase of serotonin levels using fluoxetine, a common antidepressant, has the potential to become an important therapeutic strategy in low-risk MDS anemia refractory to erythropoietin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sibon
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Tereza Coman
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Département d'Hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Département d'Hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mathilde Lamarque
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, APHP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Elisa Bayard
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Fouquet
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Rignault
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Selin Topçu
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bonneau
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34298, France; INSERM, U1194, Network of Experimental Histology, BioCampus, CNRS, UMS3426, Montpellier 34094, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Kathy Deroy
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, AP-HP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Courtois
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-S1270, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, APHP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francine Côté
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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Flamar AL, Klose CSN, Moeller JB, Mahlakõiv T, Bessman NJ, Zhang W, Moriyama S, Stokic-Trtica V, Rankin LC, Putzel GG, Rodewald HR, He Z, Chen L, Lira SA, Karsenty G, Artis D. Interleukin-33 Induces the Enzyme Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 to Promote Inflammatory Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Immunity. Immunity 2020; 52:606-619.e6. [PMID: 32160524 PMCID: PMC7218677 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Two distinct subsets of ILC2s have been described: steady-state natural ILC2s and inflammatory ILC2s, which are elicited following helminth infection. However, how tissue-specific cues regulate these two subsets of ILC2s and their effector functions remains elusive. Here, we report that interleukin-33 (IL-33) promotes the generation of inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) via induction of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1). Tph1 expression was upregulated in ILC2s upon activation with IL-33 or following helminth infection in an IL-33-dependent manner. Conditional deletion of Tph1 in lymphocytes resulted in selective impairment of ILC2INFLAM responses and increased susceptibility to helminth infection. Further, RNA sequencing analysis revealed altered gene expression in Tph1 deficient ILC2s including inducible T cell co-stimulator (Icos). Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized function for IL-33, Tph1, and ICOS in promoting inflammatory ILC2 responses and type 2 immunity at mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vladislava Stokic-Trtica
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucille C Rankin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Garbès Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhengxiang He
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Kwon YH, Wang H, Denou E, Ghia JE, Rossi L, Fontes ME, Bernier SP, Shajib MS, Banskota S, Collins SM, Surette MG, Khan WI. Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition by Serotonin Signaling Influences Intestinal Immune Response and Susceptibility to Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:709-28. [PMID: 30716420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is synthesized mainly within enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for 5-HT synthesis in EC cells. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation. Considering the close proximity of EC cells and the microbes, we investigated the influence of gut-derived 5-HT on the microbiota and the susceptibility to colitis. METHODS Gut microbiota of Tph1-/- and Tph1+/- mice were investigated by deep sequencing. Direct influence of 5-HT on bacteria was assessed by using in vitro system of isolated commensals. The indirect influence of 5-HT on microbiota was assessed by measuring antimicrobial peptides, specifically β-defensins, in the colon of mice and HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. The impact of gut microbiota on the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was assessed by transferring gut microbiota from Tph1-/- mice to Tph1+/- littermates and vice versa, as well as in germ-free mice. RESULTS A significant difference in microbial composition between Tph1-/- and Tph1+/- littermates was observed. 5-HT directly stimulated and inhibited the growth of commensal bacteria in vitro, exhibiting a concentration-dependent and species-specific effect. 5-HT also inhibited β-defensin production by HT-29 cells. Microbial transfer from Tph1-/- to Tph1+/- littermates and vice versa altered colitis severity, with microbiota from Tph1-/- mice mediating the protective effects. Furthermore, germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from Tph1-/- mice exhibited less severe dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a novel role of gut-derived 5-HT in shaping gut microbiota composition in relation to susceptibility to colitis, identifying 5-HT-microbiota axis as a potential new therapeutic target in intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Reigstad CS, Linden DR, Szurszewski JH, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Correlated gene expression encoding serotonin (5-HT) receptor 4 and 5-HT transporter in proximal colonic segments of mice across different colonization states and sexes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1443-8. [PMID: 27072889 PMCID: PMC5008845 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The production and handling of serotonin (5-HT) is an important determinant of colonic motility and has been reported to be altered in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota and sex of the host can influence expression of genes involved in 5-HT biosynthesis and signaling. While expression of genes in serotonergic pathways has been shown to be variable, it remains unclear whether genes within this pathway are coregulated. As a first step in that direction, we investigated potential correlations in relative mRNA expression of serotonergic genes, in the proximal colon isolated from male and female mice in different states of microbial association: germ-free (GF), humanized (ex-germ-free colonized with human gut microbiota, HM), and conventionally raised (CR) mice. Among the 10 pairwise comparisons conducted between five serotonergic transcripts, Tph1, Chga, Maoa, Slc6a4, and Htr4, we found a strong, positive correlation between colonic expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 across different colonization states and sexes. We also identified a positive correlation between the expression of Tph1 and Chga; however, there were no correlations observed between any other tested pair of 5-HT-related transcripts. These data suggest that correlated expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 likely involves coregulation of genes located on different chromosomes which modulate serotonergic activity in the gut. Further work will need to be done to understand the pathways and cell types responsible for this correlated expression, given the important role of 5-HT in gastrointestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Reigstad
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Natural Sciences and Geography, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - David R. Linden
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph H. Szurszewski
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Justin L. Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Iida H, Ogihara T, Min MK, Hara A, Kim YG, Fujimaki K, Tamaki M, Fujitani Y, Kim H, Watada H. Expression mechanism of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 in mouse islets during pregnancy. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:41-53. [PMID: 26136513 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin signaling plays key roles in augmentation of pancreatic β-cell function during pregnancy. Increased expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), a rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis by lactogenic hormones, is involved in this phenomenon. To investigate its mechanisms, we here performed 5'-RACE and identified β-cell-specific transcription initiation sites for Tph1. Prolactin enhanced the expression of mRNA containing these exons; however, reporter gene plasmids containing the proximal 5'-flanking region of these exons did not show prolactin responsiveness in MIN6 cells. Prolactin-induced Tph1 expression was inhibited by a Jak2 inhibitor and was partially inhibited by an MEK1/2 or PI3K inhibitor. Therefore, we analyzed interferon γ-activated sequences (GAS) and found GAS-A about 9-kbp upstream of the transcription start site. The reporter gene plasmid containing the GAS-A region linked to a heterologous promoter showed increased promoter activity by prolactin, which was inhibited by the forced expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of Stat5A and a Jak2 inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that prolactin treatment augmented Stat5 binding to the GAS-A region in MIN6 cells, as well as in isolated mouse islets, and that Stat5 recognized the GAS-A region in pregnant mouse islets. In addition, the transactivation activity of Stat5 was enhanced by prolactin through the Erk and PI3K pathways in MIN6 cells. Finally, serotonin expression was attenuated in islets of β-cell-specific Stat5-deficient mice compared with that of control littermates during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that prolactin-induced Tph1 expression is mediated by the activation of Jak2/Stat5, Erk, and PI3K pathways in β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mun-kyeong Min
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akemi Hara
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yeong Gi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujimaki
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tamaki
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hail Kim
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyCenter for Molecular DiabetologyCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in DiabetesJapan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology ProgramJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanGraduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of KoreaDiabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterTokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is crucial for the development and function of numerous organs, but its role on the function of pancreatic islets is not completely clear. To explore this question, we applied the high throughput transcriptomic analyses on the islets isolated from mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of the gene, Bmpr1a, encoding the type 1a BMP receptor. Consistently, these pBmpr1aKO mice had impaired glucose homeostasis at 3 months, and were more severely affected at 12 months of age. These had lower fasting blood insulin concentrations, with reduced expression of several key regulators of β-cell function. Importantly, transcriptomic profiling of 3-month pBmpr1aKO islets and bioinformatic analyses revealed abnormal expression of 203 metabolic genes. Critically among these, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (Tph1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was the highest over-expressed one. 5-HT is an important regulator of insulin secretion from β cells. Treatment with excess 5-HT inhibited this secretion. Thus our transcriptomic analysis links two highly conserved molecular pathways the BMP signaling and the TPH1–5-HT axis on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Akma Baten
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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