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Travis J, Malone M, Hu H, Baten A, Johani K, Huygens F, Vickery K, Benkendorff K. The microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers: a comparison of swab and tissue biopsy wound sampling techniques using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:163. [PMID: 32546123 PMCID: PMC7296698 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health-care professionals need to collect wound samples to identify potential pathogens that contribute to wound infection. Obtaining appropriate samples from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) where there is a suspicion of infection is of high importance. Paired swabs and tissue biopsies were collected from DFUs and both sampling techniques were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Mean bacterial abundance determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was significantly lower in tissue biopsies (p = 0.03). The mean number of reads across all samples was significantly higher in wound swabs \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \Big(\overline{X} $$\end{document}(X¯ = 32,014) compared to tissue (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{X} $$\end{document}X¯ = 15,256, p = 0.001). Tissue biopsies exhibited greater overall diversity of bacteria relative to swabs (Shannon’s H diversity p = 0.009). However, based on a presence/absence analysis of all paired samples, the frequency of occurrence of bacteria from genera of known and potential pathogens was generally higher in wound swabs than tissue biopsies. Multivariate analysis identified significantly different bacterial communities in swabs compared to tissue (p = 0.001). There was minimal correlation between paired wound swabs and tissue biopsies in the number and types of microorganisms. RELATE analysis revealed low concordance between paired DFU swab and tissue biopsy samples (Rho = 0.043, p = 0.34). Conclusions Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing this study identifies the potential for using less invasive swabs to recover high relative abundances of known and potential pathogen genera from DFUs when compared to the gold standard collection method of tissue biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Travis
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - M Malone
- Limb Preservation and Wound Research Academic Unit, Western Sydney LHD, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW, 2170, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Liverpool, Sydney, 2170, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - H Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Baten
- Agresearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Johani
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW, 2170, Australia.,Central Military Laboratories and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Huygens
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Benkendorff
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia. .,National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
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Butler JB, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM, Lee DJ, King GJ, Baten A, Shepherd M, Freeman JS. Comparative genomics of Eucalyptus and Corymbia reveals low rates of genome structural rearrangement. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:397. [PMID: 28532390 PMCID: PMC5441008 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest genome structure is largely conserved between Eucalyptus species. However, it is unknown if this conservation extends to more divergent eucalypt taxa. We performed comparative genomics between the eucalypt genera Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Our results will facilitate transfer of genomic information between these important taxa and provide further insights into the rate of structural change in tree genomes. RESULTS We constructed three high density linkage maps for two Corymbia species (Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata and Corymbia torelliana) which were used to compare genome structure between both species and Eucalyptus grandis. Genome structure was highly conserved between the Corymbia species. However, the comparison of Corymbia and E. grandis suggests large (from 1-13 MB) intra-chromosomal rearrangements have occurred on seven of the 11 chromosomes. Most rearrangements were supported through comparisons of the three independent Corymbia maps to the E. grandis genome sequence, and to other independently constructed Eucalyptus linkage maps. CONCLUSIONS These are the first large scale chromosomal rearrangements discovered between eucalypts. Nonetheless, in the general context of plants, the genomic structure of the two genera was remarkably conserved; adding to a growing body of evidence that conservation of genome structure is common amongst woody angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Butler
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - R E Vaillancourt
- School of Biological Science and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - B M Potts
- School of Biological Science and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - D J Lee
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - G J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - A Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - M Shepherd
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - J S Freeman
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is crucial for the development and function of numerous organs, but its role on the function of pancreatic islets is not completely clear. To explore this question, we applied the high throughput transcriptomic analyses on the islets isolated from mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of the gene, Bmpr1a, encoding the type 1a BMP receptor. Consistently, these pBmpr1aKO mice had impaired glucose homeostasis at 3 months, and were more severely affected at 12 months of age. These had lower fasting blood insulin concentrations, with reduced expression of several key regulators of β-cell function. Importantly, transcriptomic profiling of 3-month pBmpr1aKO islets and bioinformatic analyses revealed abnormal expression of 203 metabolic genes. Critically among these, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (Tph1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was the highest over-expressed one. 5-HT is an important regulator of insulin secretion from β cells. Treatment with excess 5-HT inhibited this secretion. Thus our transcriptomic analysis links two highly conserved molecular pathways the BMP signaling and the TPH1–5-HT axis on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Akma Baten
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Rony IK, Baten A, Bloomfield JA, Islam ME, Billah MM, Islam KD. Inducing pluripotency in vitro: recent advances and highlights in induced pluripotent stem cells generation and pluripotency reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:140-56. [PMID: 25643745 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered patient-specific counterparts of embryonic stem cells as they originate from somatic cells after forced expression of pluripotency reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. iPSCs offer unprecedented opportunity for personalized cell therapies in regenerative medicine. In recent years, iPSC technology has undergone substantial improvement to overcome slow and inefficient reprogramming protocols, and to ensure clinical-grade iPSCs and their functional derivatives. Recent developments in iPSC technology include better reprogramming methods employing novel delivery systems such as non-integrating viral and non-viral vectors, and characterization of alternative reprogramming factors. Concurrently, small chemical molecules (inhibitors of specific signalling or epigenetic regulators) have become crucial to iPSC reprogramming; they have the ability to replace putative reprogramming factors and boost reprogramming processes. Moreover, common dietary supplements, such as vitamin C and antioxidants, when introduced into reprogramming media, have been found to improve genomic and epigenomic profiles of iPSCs. In this article, we review the most recent advances in the iPSC field and potent application of iPSCs, in terms of cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Rony
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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van Veenendaal A, Baten A, Pickkers P. Surviving a life-threatening 2,4-DNP intoxication: 'Almost dying to be thin'. Neth J Med 2011; 69:154. [PMID: 21444944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Vanhoenacker FM, Baten A, Vandeputte V. Imaging findings of a cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. JBR-BTR 2009; 92:285-288. [PMID: 20166497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a slowly growing primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma of the right upper arm in an 81-old-year-old female. Although primary cutaneous lymphoma is the second most common group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas, reports on the potential value of imaging in the diagnosis are very scarce in the radiological literature. Although the dermatologist usually relies on clinical and histological findings for a correct diagnosis, MR imaging may be useful in local staging of the tumor, whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) is the imaging technique of choice for initial distant staging and follow-up after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Vanhoenacker
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, UZA, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
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Spiessens S, Van Duyse B, De Baere M, Baten A, Stellamans K, Goethals L, Derycke S, Lambrecht A. DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF A 3D CONFORMAL PAROTID GLAND-SPARING TECHNIQUE FOR BILATERAL HEAD-AND-NECK IRRADIATION. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hassink
- Intensive Care Unit, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Tolbrugstraat, RW's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) has recently been shown to inhibit experimental cancers in vivo. Since the lower phosphorylated forms of InsP6 are important in cell growth in a wide variety of mammalian cells, we tested the efficacy of InsP6 in growth reduction of K-562 human erythroleukemia cells in vitro. We report that InsP6 decreases the K-562 cell population by 19-36% (P less than 0.001) concomitant to an increased differentiation as evidenced by ultrastructural morphology and increased hemoglobin synthesis. Pilot experiments to study the mechanism of action of InsP6 show that following treatment with InsP6, the concentration of intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) is increased by 57% (P less than 0.02). Likewise, a 41% increase (P less than 0.05) in InsP3 and a 26% decrease (P less than 0.02) in InsP2 were noted 1 h following treatment with InsP6. Contrary to the dogma that cell division is associated with increased [Ca2+]i, our data show that reduced cell growth and enhanced differentiation is associated with increased [Ca2+]i and increased InsP3 in the presence of InsP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Abstract
Studies of normal cellular function as well as the understanding of cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and other diseases of the large intestine have been limited, particularly due to the lack of long-term culture of normal human large intestinal epithelial cells (NHLIEC). Using the epithelia from surgically resected human colon, we have dissociated a sufficient number of viable NHLIEC and maintained them in in vitro culture for up to 5 months. Normal-appearing human large intestinal mucosal fragments (1 mm2) were treated with 0.01 mg/ml trypsin, 0.2 mg/ml collagenase + 0.1 mM EGTA or 0.1 mg/ml trypsin + 0.1 mM EGTA in a Stomacher laboratory blender to isolate the cells. Compared with other methods, the use of the Stomacher blender combined with low concentrations of proteolytic enzymes yielded greater numbers of cells per gram of tissue, with up to 84% viable cells. Primary and serially passaged NHLIEC were cultured in CMRL-1066, MEM with 5% serum, and serum-free KGM. These media were all supplemented with insulin, hydrocortisone, epithelial growth factor, and bovine pituitary extract. CMRL-1066 was found to be the best medium for NHLIEC. Contaminating fibroblasts were selectively removed by briefly allowing the cells to adhere to the culture vessel and adding 25 U/ml collagenase to the culture media at the first subculture treatment. The epithelial nature and secretory function of the established cells were confirmed by morphological criteria (light microscopy, phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy), immunoreactivity to cytokeratin, and positive mucin cytochemistry. We propose that using this methodology for the culture and maintenance of NHLIEC for an extended period of time would serve as a valuable model for a variety of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baten
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Abstract
Carcinogenicity studies of the fecal mutagen fecapentaene-12 (FP-12) have been hampered because of its apparent instability. We report here that: (i) contrary to the popular belief, FP-12 is quite stable, particularly at micromolar to nanomolar concentration; and (ii) its characteristic spectrophotometric absorbance spectrum is a function of the solvent or vehicle. Using synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry (SFS), we have determined that at delta lambda 36.5 nm FP-12 gives a characteristic single emission peak between 413 and 423 nm, allowing us to identify FP-12 in DNA when reacted in vitro. We also report an increased incidence (statistically not significant) of fibrosarcomas and mammary carcinomas in male F-344 rats following intrarectal instillation of FP-12. In the in vitro human colon explant model, direct addition of FP-12 results in alteration in mucin histochemical changes typical of precancer and cancer. Our results support the contention that FP-12 is a naturally occurring carcinogen and may be responsible for human cancer(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Baten A, Ullah A, Tomazic VJ, Shamsuddin AM. Inositol-phosphate-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity correlates with tumor suppression. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10:1595-8. [PMID: 2766453 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/10.9.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent studies, we have demonstrated that inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) inhibits experimental colon carcinogenesis. Since natural killer (NK) cells are involved in tumor cell destruction, we investigated the effect of InsP6 on murine NK cell activity. We show that; (i) 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a colon carcinogen, depresses NK activity; (ii) in vivo treatment of mice with InsP6 enhances baseline NK activity and reverses DMH-induced depressed NK activity with an inverse correlation (r = -0.9811) with tumor incidence, (iii) short-term in vitro treatment of spleen cells and NK-enriched fraction with InsP6 also enhances NK cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, (iv) inositol potentiates the action of InsP6. Our data suggest yet another important role of inositol phosphates in the regulation of cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baten
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Nabi ZF, Zucker-Franklin D, Baten A. Phorbol ester-induced loss of membrane sialic acid: implications for tumor cytolysis by natural killer cells. J Leukoc Biol 1989; 45:183-8. [PMID: 2926280 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.45.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Freeze-fracture analysis has shown that treatment of cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) results in a loss of intramembranous particles (IMP) associated with the external leaflet of their plasma membranes. It has also been demonstrated that phorbol esters markedly enhance the sensitivity of tumor targets to natural killer (NK) cells, although the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has remained unexplained. Since the ability of NK cells to recognize neoplasms appears to be inversely related to the concentration of sialic acid on the target cell surface, it seemed possible that phorbols affect membrane glycoproteins which have terminal carbohydrates bearing sialic acid residues. To investigate whether phorbol treatment could be responsible for the loss of sialic acid, four tumor cell lines were examined before and after exposure to PMA. A reduction in surface sialic acid was established by four different methods: 1) standard thiobarbituric acid analysis of cell hydrolysates, 2) metabolic labelling of cells with [3H]-mannosamine followed by treatment with neuraminidase, 3) chromatography of membrane extracts, and 4) freeze-fracture analysis of lectin-labelled intact cells. These observations suggest a mechanism whereby phorbols may facilitate NK-cell-mediated cytolysis. In addition, an entirely novel effect of these tumor-producing agents may have been uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Nabi
- Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016
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Hannan MA, Sarwar MG, Baten A, Chaudhury N. Stepwise mutational improvement of Aspergillus niger for citric acid productivity in cane molasses. Acta Physiol Pol 1976; 27:409-12. [PMID: 983723 DOI: 10.1007/bf02876968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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