1
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang CB, Hu L, Wang XQ, Wang W, Yang HB. Inducing and Switching the Handedness of Polyacetylenes with Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane Pendants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408271. [PMID: 38837513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To explore the chirality induction and switching of topological chirality, poly[2]catenanes composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) main chain and topologically chiral [2]catenane pendants are described for the first time. These poly[2]catenanes with optically active [2]catenanes on side chains were synthesized by polymerization of enantiomerically pure topologically chiral [2]catenanes with ethynyl polymerization site and/or point chiral moiety. The chirality information of [2]catenane pendants was successfully transferred to the main chain of polyene backbones, leading to preferred-handed helical conformations, while the introduction of point chiral units has negligible effect on the overall helices. More interestingly, attributed to unique dynamic feature of the [2]catenane pendants, these polymers revealed dynamic response behaviors to solvents, temperature, and sodium ions, resulting in the fully reversible switching on/off of the chirality induction. This work provides not only new design strategy for novel chiroptical switches with topologically chiral molecules but also novel platforms for the development of smart chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chang-Bo Huang
- Coatings Applied Research Asia Pacific, BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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2
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Tay HM, Docker A, Hua C, Beer PD. Selective sodium halide over potassium halide binding and extraction by a heteroditopic halogen bonding [2]catenane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13074-13081. [PMID: 39148789 PMCID: PMC11322978 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and ion-pair binding properties of a heteroditopic [2]catenane receptor exhibiting highly potent and selective recognition of sodium halide salts are described. The receptor design consists of a bidentate halogen bonding donor motif for anion binding, as well as a di(ethylene glycol)-derived cation binding pocket which dramatically enhances metal cation affinity over previously reported homo[2]catenane analogues. 1H NMR cation, anion and ion-pair binding studies reveal significant positive cooperativity between the cation and anion binding events in which cation pre-complexation to the catenane subsequently 'switches-on' anion binding. Notably, the heteroditopic catenane displayed impressive selectivity for sodium halide recognition over the corresponding potassium halides. We further demonstrate that the catenane is capable of extracting solid alkali metal salts into organic media. Crucially, the observed solution phase binding selectivity for sodium halides translates to superior functional extraction capabilities of these salts relative to potassium halides, overcoming the comparatively higher lattice enthalpies NaX > KX dictated by the smaller alkali metal sodium cation. This is further exemplified in competitive solid-liquid experiments which revealed the exclusive extraction of sodium halide salts from solid mixtures of sodium and potassium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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3
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Fan Y, He J, Guo S, Jiang H. Host-Guest Chemistry in Binary and Ternary Complexes Utilizing π-Conjugated Carbon Nanorings. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300536. [PMID: 38123532 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanorings, possessing a radial π system, have garnered significant attention primarily due to their size-dependent photophysical properties and the presence of a unique curved π-conjugated cavity. This is evidenced by the rapid proliferation of publications. Furthermore, the integration of building blocks into CPP skeletons can confer [n]CPPs with novel and exceptional photophysical and electronic characteristics, as well as chiral properties and host-guest interactions, thereby augmenting the diversity of [n]CPPs. Notably, the curved π surface structures and concave cavity of carbon nanorings enable them to host aromatic or non-aromatic guests with a complementarily curved surface, resulting in interesting binary or ternary complexes. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of literature reports on binary and ternary complexes, focusing on both their host-guest interactions and properties. It is important to note that the scope of this review is limited to host-guest chemistry in binary and ternary complexes based on π-conjugated carbon nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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4
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Chen Q, Zhu K. Advancements and strategic approaches in catenane synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5677-5703. [PMID: 38659402 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Catenanes, a distinctive category of mechanically interlocked molecules composed of intertwined macrocycles, have undergone significant advancements since their initial stages characterized by inefficient statistical synthesis methods. Through the aid of molecular recognition processes and principles of self-assembly, a diverse array of catenanes with intricate structures can now be readily accessed utilizing template-directed synthetic protocols. The rapid evolution and emergence of this field have catalyzed the design and construction of artificial molecular switches and machines, leading to the development of increasingly integrated functional systems and materials. This review endeavors to explore the pivotal advancements in catenane synthesis from its inception, offering a comprehensive discussion of the synthetic methodologies employed in recent years. By elucidating the progress made in synthetic approaches to catenanes, our aim is to provide a clearer understanding of the future challenges in further advancing catenane chemistry from a synthetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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5
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Barlow SR, Halcovitch NR, Evans NH. A pyridine- N-oxide catenane for cation recognition. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3001-3008. [PMID: 38526411 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The rapid preparation of a pyridine-N-oxide containing [2]catenane is described. The [2]catenane was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray single crystal structure determination. 1H NMR titration experiments reveal the [2]catenane may be reversibly protonated, as well as an ability to bind lithium cations more strongly than sodium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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6
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Saura-Sanmartin A. Synthesis of 'Impossible' Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304025. [PMID: 38168751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
'Impossible' rotaxanes, which are constituted by interlocked components without obvious binding motifs, have attracted the interest of the mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) community. Within the synthetic efforts reported in the last decades towards the preparation of MIMs, some innovative protocols for accessing 'impossible' rotaxanes have been developed. This short review highlights different selected synthetic examples of 'impossible' rotaxanes, as well as suggests some future directions of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Wilmore JT, Beer PD. Exploiting the Mechanical Bond Effect for Enhanced Molecular Recognition and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309098. [PMID: 38174657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of charged species in biological and industrial processes has resulted in ever-increasing interest in their selective recognition, detection, and environmental remediation. Building on the established coordination chemistry principles of the chelate and macrocyclic effects, and host preorganization, supramolecular chemists seek to construct specific 3D binding cavities reminiscent of biotic systems to enhance host-guest binding affinity and selectivity. Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) present a wholly unique platform for synthetic host design, wherein topologies afforded by the mechanical bond enable the decoration of 3D cavities for non-covalent interactions with a range of target guest geometries. Notably, MIM host systems exhibit mechanical bond effect augmented affinities and selectivities for a variety of charged guest species, compared to non-interlocked acyclic and macrocycle host analogs. Furthermore, the modular nature of MIM synthesis facilitates incorporation of optical and electrochemical reporter groups, enabling fabrication of highly sensitive and specific molecular sensors. This review discusses the development of recognition and sensing MIMs, from the first reports in the late 20th century through to the present day, delineating how their topologically preorganized and dynamic host cavities enhance charged guest recognition and sensing, demonstrating the mechanical bond effect as a potent tool in future chemosensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Wilmore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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8
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Yao Y, Tse YC, Lai SKM, Shi Y, Low KH, Au-Yeung HY. Dynamic mechanostereochemical switching of a co-conformationally flexible [2]catenane controlled by specific ionic guests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1952. [PMID: 38433258 PMCID: PMC10909852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Responsive synthetic receptors for adaptive recognition of different ionic guests in a competitive environment are valuable molecular tools for not only ion sensing and transport, but also the development of ion-responsive smart materials and related technologies. By virtue of the mechanical chelation and ability to undergo large-amplitude co-conformational changes, described herein is the discovery of a chameleon-like [2]catenane that selectively binds copper(I) or sulfate ions and its associated co-conformational mechanostereochemical switching. This work highlights not only the advantages and versatility of catenane as a molecular skeleton in receptor design, but also its potential in constructing complex responsive systems with multiple inputs and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yixiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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10
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Anghel CC, Cucuiet TA, Hădade ND, Grosu I. Active-metal template clipping synthesis of novel [2]rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1776-1784. [PMID: 38033450 PMCID: PMC10682515 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been important synthetic targets in supramolecular chemistry due to their beautiful structures and intriguing properties. We present herein a new synthetic strategy to access [2]rotaxanes, namely active-metal template clipping. We discuss the design of the target [2]rotaxanes, synthesis and characterization of the axle, macrocycle precursors and macrocycles as well as preparation of the final [2]rotaxanes by active template copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) as key step of the synthesis. HRMS and NMR experiments have been performed to confirm the formation of the interlocked structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin C Anghel
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry, 90-92 Panduri Street, RO-050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor A Cucuiet
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niculina D Hădade
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ion Grosu
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Fan Y, Fan S, Liu L, Guo S, He J, Li X, Lian Z, Guo W, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang H. Efficient manipulation of Förster resonance energy transfer through host-guest interaction enables tunable white-light emission and devices in heterotopic bisnanohoops. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11121-11130. [PMID: 37860654 PMCID: PMC10583698 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and reported the heterotopic bisnanohoops P5-[8,10]CPPs containing cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and a pillar[5]arene unit, which act not only as energy donors but also as a host for binding energy acceptors. We demonstrated that a series of elegant FRET systems could be constructed successfully through self-assembly between donors P5-[8,10]CPPs and acceptors with different emissions via host-guest interaction. These FRET systems further allow us to finely adjust the donors P5-[8,10]CPPs and acceptors (BODIPY-Br and Rh-Br) for achieving multiple color-tunable emissions, particularly white-light emission. More importantly, these host-guest complexes were successfully utilized in the fabrication of white-light fluorescent films and further integrated with a 365 nm LED lamp to create white LED devices. The findings highlight a new application of carbon nanorings in white-light emission materials, beyond the common recognition of π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shimin Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Weijie Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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12
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Zhao Y, Li K, Du J, Chen CQ, Chen S, Yang P. Binary Heterogroup-Templated Scaffolds of Polyoxopalladates as Precatalysts for Plasma-Assisted Ammonia Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43899-43908. [PMID: 37690052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to improving the synthetic efficiency, the template method can do a lot more in the chemistry of polyoxopalladates (POPs), such as the establishment of novel metal-oxo scaffolds. In this endeavor, a binary system comprising heterogroups of nonmetallic {As/SiO4} and metallic {VO4/5} successfully fulfills the templated growth of two POPs with unprecedented seesaw- and spindle-like prototypes. Of these, self-aggregation of heterogroups beacons an effective route to break the highly symmetrical PdII-oxo matrix and to force the arrangement of addenda in a nonconventional manner. Aside from the interest in their structural features, the as-made POPs are available for immobilization on the mesoporous SBA-15 as precatalysts for ammonia synthesis. The outer cover of heterogroups in the POP precursors contributes to the ultrafine size and uniform distribution of derived Pd0 nanoparticles (PdNPs). With the help of plasma activation on H2 and N2, such PdNPs-SBA15 catalysts significantly improve the production performance of NH3, showcasing the maximum synthesis rate of 64.42 μmol/(min·gcat) with the corresponding energy yield as high as 4.38 g-NH3/kWh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kelin Li
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Testing and Analysis Center, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - She Chen
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang MX, Cheng HT, Chiu SH. Dual-Way-Switchable Ester Rotaxanes Constructed Using the Recognition of Malonate Diesters. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37367218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Malonate diesters can thread into the cavity of a di(ethylene glycol)-containing macrocycle under the templating effect of a Na+ ion; the corresponding rotaxanes can be synthesized with good efficiency by applying several stoppering reactions. A molecular switch, in which the interlocked macrocycle was moved between two rarely used stations (i.e., malonate and TAA) through the addition of acid/base and the presence/absence of Na+ ions, was constructed using this new recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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14
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Tay HM, Tse YC, Docker A, Gateley C, Thompson AL, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Heteroditopic [2]Catenanes for Recognition of Alkali Metal/Halide Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214785. [PMID: 36440816 PMCID: PMC10108176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic homo[2]catenanes were prepared by discrete Na+ template-directed assembly of oligo(ethylene glycol) units derived from XB donor-containing macrocycles and acyclic bis-azide precursors, followed by a CuI -mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclisation reaction. Extensive 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies show the [2]catenane hosts exhibit positive cooperative ion-pair recognition behaviour, wherein XB-mediated halide recognition is enhanced by alkali metal cation pre-complexation. Notably, subtle changes in the catenanes' oligo(ethylene glycol) chain length dramatically alters their ion-binding affinity, stoichiometry, complexation mode, and conformational dynamics. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence for competing host-separated and direct-contact ion-pair binding modes. We further demonstrate the [2]catenanes are capable of extracting solid alkali-metal halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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15
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Wu CH, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Hue BTB, Lin HC. Designs and Applications of Multi-stimuli Responsive FRET Processes in AIEgen-Functionalized and Bi-fluorophoric Supramolecular Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:2. [PMID: 36495421 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Materials capable of displaying strong ratiometric fluorescence with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes have attracted much research interest because of various chemosensor and biomedical applications. This review highlights several popular strategies in designing FRET-OFF/ON mechanisms of ratiometric fluorescence systems. In particular, the developments of organic and polymeric FRET materials featuring aggregation-induced emission-based luminogens (AIEgens), supramolecular assemblies, photochromic molecular switches and surfactant-induced AIE/FRET mechanisms are presented. AIEgens have been frequently employed as FRET donor and/or acceptor fluorophores to obtain enhanced ratiometric fluorescences in solution and solid states. Since AIE effects and FRET processes rely on controllable distances between fluorophores, many interesting fluorescent properties can be designed by regulating aggregation states in polymers and supramolecular systems. Photo-switchable fluorophores, such as spiropyran and diarylethene, provide drastic changes in fluorescence spectra upon photo-induced isomerizations, leading to photo-switching mechanisms to activate/deactivate FRET processes. Supramolecular assemblies offer versatile platforms to regulate responsive FRET processes effectively. In rotaxane structures, the donor-acceptor distance and FRET efficiency can be tuned by acid/base-controlled shuttling of the macrocycle component. The tunable supramolecular interactions are strongly influenced by external factors (such as pH values, temperatures, analytes, surfactants, UV-visible lights, etc.), which induce the assembly and disassembly of host-guest systems and thus their FRET-ON/FRET-OFF behavior. In addition, the changes in donor or acceptor fluorescence profiles upon detections of analytes can also sufficiently alter the FRET behavior and result in different ratiometric fluorescence outputs. The strategies and examples provided in this review offer the insights and toolkits for future FRET-based material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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16
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Hoyas Pérez N, Sherin PS, Posligua V, Greenfield JL, Fuchter MJ, Jelfs KE, Kuimova MK, Lewis JEM. Emerging properties from mechanical tethering within a post-synthetically functionalised catenane scaffold. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11368-11375. [PMID: 36320581 PMCID: PMC9533469 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining close spatial proximity of functional moieties within molecular systems can result in fascinating emergent properties. Whilst much work has been done on covalent tethering of functional units for myriad applications, investigations into mechanically linked systems are relatively rare. Formation of the mechanical bond is usually the final step in the synthesis of interlocked molecules, placing limits on the throughput of functionalised architectures. Herein we present the synthesis of a bis-azide [2]catenane scaffold that can be post-synthetically modified using CuAAC 'click' chemistry. In this manner we have been able to access functionalised catenanes from a common precursor and study the properties of electrochemically active, emissive and photodimerisable units within the mechanically interlocked system in comparison to non-interlocked analogues. Our data demonstrates that the greater (co-)conformational flexibility that can be obtained with mechanically interlocked systems compared to traditional covalent tethers paves the way for developing new functional molecules with exciting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hoyas Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Peter S Sherin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Victor Posligua
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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17
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Wang Y, Gong J, Wang X, Li W, Wang X, He X, Wang W, Yang H. Multistate Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching through Stimuli‐Induced Co‐Conformation Regulations of Pyrene‐Functionalized Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210542. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei‐Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xu‐Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 202162 China
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18
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Wang Y, Gong J, Wang X, Li WJ, Wang XQ, He X, Wang W, Yang HB. Multistate Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching through Stimuli‐induced Co‐conformation Regulations of Pyrene‐functionalized Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao He
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- East China Normal University Department of Chemistry 3663 N. Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai CHINA
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19
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Nandi M, Bej S, Ghosh P. NDI-integrated rotaxane/catenane and their interactions with anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13507-13514. [PMID: 35997084 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with the heteroditopic Phen-ester oxy-ether macrocyclic wheel (PhenMC) is established for the synthesis of interlocked molecular systems. The single crystal X-ray structure of Na-bound PhenMC confirms the hexacoordinated geometry around the Na ion in the macrocycle. Further, Ca-ion-bound PhenMC (Ca-PhenMC) is explored with a fluorophoric azide-terminated NDI (naphthalene diimide) axle (NDIAz) for the synthesis of fluorophoric [2]rotaxane (NDIROT) and [2]catenane (NDICAT) via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. Characterizations of these two new interlocked molecular systems are performed by ESI-MS, NMR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopic studies wherever applicable. Moreover, the new molecular systems are explored towards anion sensing applications via colorimetric, UV-vis-NIR, PL and other spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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20
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Yao Y, Deng Y, Kong L, Au-Yeung HY. Efficient Copper(I) Extraction by Ethylenediamine from Stable Catenane Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Deng
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry BuildingPokfulam Road NA Hong Kong HONG KONG
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21
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Hertzog JE, Maddi VJ, Hart LF, Rawe BW, Rauscher PM, Herbert KM, Bruckner EP, de Pablo JJ, Rowan SJ. Metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes with a large macrocycle. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5333-5344. [PMID: 35655545 PMCID: PMC9093191 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01486f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring size is a critically important parameter in many interlocked molecules as it directly impacts many of the unique molecular motions that they exhibit. Reported herein are studies using one of the largest macrocycles reported to date to synthesize doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes. A large ditopic 46 atom macrocycle containing two 2,6-bis(N-alkyl-benzimidazolyl)pyridine ligands has been used to synthesize several metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes in high yield (65-75% isolated) via metal templating. Macrocycle and linear thread components were synthesized and self-assembled upon addition of iron(ii) ions to form the doubly threaded pseudo[3]rotaxanes that could be subsequently stoppered using azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. Following demetallation with base, these doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes were fully characterized utilizing a variety of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and all-atom simulation techniques. Critical to the success of accessing a metastable [3]rotaxane with such a large macrocycle was the nature of the stopper group employed. By varying the size of the stopper group it was possible to access metastable [3]rotaxanes with stabilities in deuterated chloroform ranging from a half-life of <1 minute to ca. 6 months at room temperature potentially opening the door to interlocked materials with controllable degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald E Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Vincent J Maddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Laura F Hart
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Benjamin W Rawe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Phillip M Rauscher
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Katie M Herbert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
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22
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Gao F, Yu X, Liu L, Chen J, Lv Y, Zhao T, Ji J, Yao J, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical switching of molecular universal joint triggered by complexation/release of a cation: A stepwise synergistic complexation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Ozawa N, Shivakumar KI, Murugavel M, Inaba Y, Yoneda T, Ide Y, Pirillo J, Hijikata Y, Inokuma Y. Alkali metal ion binding using cyclic polyketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2971-2974. [PMID: 35170625 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic oligoketones composed of 3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-diones showed crown ether-like alkali metal ion binding behavior with association constants up to 1.7 × 104 M-1 in chloroform/acetonitrile (v/v, 9/1). The binding properties have been used for catalysis in the Finkelstein reaction in a low-polarity solvent. Furthermore, novel ion-binding hosts were generated by terminal functionalization of linear polyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narito Ozawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kilingaru I Shivakumar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Muthuchamy Murugavel
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ide
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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24
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Wang D, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Template-Free Synthesis of an Interlocked Covalent Organic Molecular Cage. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2767-2772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, 266000 Qingdao, China
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25
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Fasano F, Bolgar P, Iadevaia G, Hunter CA. Supramolecular template-directed synthesis of triazole oligomers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13085-13093. [PMID: 36425510 PMCID: PMC9667925 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandwich complexes formed by two zinc porphyrins and a diamine ligand (DABCO) have been used as a supramolecular template to direct the synthesis of triazole oligomers. Monomer units equipped with two polymerizable functional groups, an alkyne and an azide, were attached to the template via ester bonds between a phenol unit on the monomer and benzoic acid units on the porphyrin. Self-assembly of the zinc porphyrins by addition of DABCO led to a supramolecular complex containing four of the monomer units, two on each porphyrin. CuAAC oligomerisation was carried out in the presence of a chain capping agent to prevent intermolecular reactions between the templated products, which carry reactive chain ends. The templated-directed oligomerisation resulted in selective formation of a duplex, which contains two identical chains of triazole oligomers connecting the porphyrin linkers. The effective molarity for the intramolecular CuAAC reactions on the template is 3–9 mM, and because the triazole backbone has a direction, the product duplex was obtained as a 4 : 1 mixture of the parallel and antiparallel isomers. Hydrolysis of the ester bonds connecting the oligomers to the template gave a single product, the phenol 2-mer, in excellent yield. The introduction of a supramolecular element into the template considerably broadens the scope of the covalent template-directed oligomerisation methodology that we previously developed for the replication of sequence information in synthetic oligomers. A supramolecular metalloporphyrin assembly was used as a disposable template for controlling the oligomerisation of covalently attached monomer building blocks to give a linear oligomeric product that is not accessible via untemplated reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fasano
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Peter Bolgar
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Iadevaia
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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26
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Chang X, Wang Z, Wang G, Liu T, Lin S, Fang Y. Perylene Bisimide-Cored Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Interplay between Ensembles, Excited State Processes, and Aggregation Behaviors. Chemistry 2021; 27:14876-14885. [PMID: 34462989 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the optical properties of fluorescent species is challenging owing to complicated and tedious synthetic works. Herein, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) were effectively tuned by varying the geometrical arrangement of PBI moieties within supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), where a PBI-based dicycle (2) and a trigonal prism (3) were generated via using a typical 90° Pt(II) reagent, cis-(PEt3 )2 Pt(OTf)2 -based coordination-driven self-assembly approach. The ligand, an ortho-tetrapyridiyl-PBI (1), exhibits a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (∼13 %) and efficient inter-system crossing (ISC). 2, however, is much more emissive with a fluorescence quantum yield of ∼41 %, and the relevant ISC process is significantly hindered. The fluorescence quantum yield of 3 is merely ∼6 % due to the observed symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), which turns to triplet state upon charge recombination. Interestingly, 3 could be fully transformed into 2 by simply adding a suitable amount of a 90° Pt(II)-based neutral triangle. Moreover, 2 tends to form discrete dimers both in crystal and solution states, but 3 does not show the property. Therefore, controlling geometrical arrangement of fluorophores through coordination-driven self-assembly could be taken as another effective way to tune their excited state relaxation pathways and construct high-performance optical molecular materials, which generally have to be prepared via organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Simin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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27
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Kench T, Summers PA, Kuimova MK, Lewis JEM, Vilar R. Rotaxanes as Cages to Control DNA Binding, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake of a Small Molecule*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10928-10934. [PMID: 33577711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of many drugs can be limited by undesirable properties, such as poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and "off-target" interactions. To combat this, various drug carriers have been investigated to enhance the pharmacological profile of therapeutic agents. In this work, we demonstrate the use of mechanical protection to "cage" a DNA-targeting metallodrug within a photodegradable rotaxane. More specifically, we report the synthesis of rotaxanes incorporating as a stoppering unit a known G-quadruplex DNA binder, namely a PtII -salphen complex. This compound cannot interact with DNA when it is part of the mechanically interlocked assembly. The second rotaxane stopper can be cleaved by either light or an esterase, releasing the PtII -salphen complex. This system shows enhanced cell permeability and limited cytotoxicity within osteosarcoma cells compared to the free drug. Light activation leads to a dramatic increase in cytotoxicity, arising from the translocation of PtII -salphen to the nucleus and its binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kench
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Peter A Summers
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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28
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Kench T, Summers PA, Kuimova MK, Lewis JEM, Vilar R. Rotaxanes as Cages to Control DNA Binding, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake of a Small Molecule**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kench
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Peter A. Summers
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
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29
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Ho FC, Huang YJ, Weng CC, Wu CH, Li YK, Wu JI, Lin HC. Efficient FRET Approaches toward Copper(II) and Cyanide Detections via Host-Guest Interactions of Photo-Switchable [2]Pseudo-Rotaxane Polymers Containing Naphthalimide and Merocyanine Moieties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53257-53273. [PMID: 33196183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular [2]pseudo-rotaxane containing a naphthalimide-based pillararene host and a spiropyran-based imidazole guest was synthesized and investigated in a semiaqueous solution with 90% water fraction. Upon UV exposure, the close-form structure of nonemissive spiropyran guest could be transformed into the open-form structure of red-emissive merocyanine guest reversibly, which was utilized as a monofluorophoric sensor to detect copper(II) and cyanide ions. Moreover, the naphthalimide host as an energy donor with green photoluminescence (PL) emission at 505 nm was complexed with the merocyanine guest as an energy acceptor with red PL emission at 650 nm in 1:1 molar ratio to generate a [2]pseudo-rotaxane polymer, which was further verified by the diffusion coefficients of DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Due to the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes, the bifluorophoric [2]pseudo-rotaxane produced more efficient ratiometric PL behavior to induce a stronger red PL emission than that of the monofluorophoric guest; therefore, the PL sensor responses of the supramolecular [2]pseudo-rotaxane toward copper(II) and cyanide ions could be further amplified via the FRET-OFF processes to turn off red PL emission of the reacted merocyanine acceptor and to recover green PL emission of the naphthalimide donor. Accordingly, the best and prominent values of the limit of detection (LOD) for the host-guest detections toward Cu2+ and CN- were 0.53 and 1.34 μM, respectively. The highest red MC emission with the optimum FRET processes of [2]pseudo-rotaxane was maintained around room temperature (20-40 °C) in wide pH conditions (pH = 3-13), which can be utilized in the cell viability tests to prove the nontoxic and remarkable biomarker of [2]pseudo-rotaxane to detect Cu2+ and CN- in living cells. The developed FRET-OFF processes with ratiometric PL behavior of the bifluorophoric supramolecular [2]pseudo-rotaxane polymer will open a new avenue to the future applications of chemo- and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ching Weng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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30
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Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Khang TM, Wu CH, Hue BTB, Wu JI, Mansel BW, Chen HL, Lin HC. Highly Efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Modulations of Dual-AIEgens between a Tetraphenylethylene Donor and a Merocyanine Acceptor in Photo-Switchable [2]Rotaxanes and Reversible Photo-Patterning Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47921-47938. [PMID: 32936605 PMCID: PMC8141944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel photo-switchable [2]rotaxanes (i.e., Rot-A-SP and Rot-B-SP before and after shuttling controlled by acid-base, respectively) containing one spiropyran (SP) unit (as a photochromic stopper) on the axle and two tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units on the macrocycle were synthesized via click reaction. Upon UV/visible light exposure, both mono-fluorophoric rotaxanes Rot-A-SP and Rot-B-SP with the closed form (i.e., non-emissive SP unit) could be transformed into the open form (i.e., red-emissive merocyanine (MC) unit) to acquire their respective bi-fluorophoric Rot-A-MC and Rot-B-MC reversibly. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of bi-fluorophoric TPE combined with MC AIEgens of these designed rotaxanes and mixtures in semi-aqueous solutions induced interesting ratiometric photoluminescence (PL) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) behaviors, which were further investigated and verified by dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements along with theoretical studies. Accordingly, in contrast to the model axle (Axle-MC) and the analogous mixture (Mixture-MC, containing the axle and macrocycle components in a 1:1 molar ratio), more efficient FRET behaviors and stronger red PL emissions were obtained from dual-AIEgens between a blue-emissive TPE donor (PL emission at 468 nm) and a red-emissive MC acceptor (PL emission at 668 nm) in both novel photo-switchable [2]rotaxanes Rot-A-MC and Rot-B-MC under various external modulations, including water content, UV/Vis irradiation, pH value, and temperature. Furthermore, the reversible fluorescent photo-patterning applications of Rot-A-SP in a powder form and a solid film with excellent photochromic and fluorescent behaviors are first investigated in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Trang Manh Khang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Brad W Mansel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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31
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Li WJ, Hu Z, Xu L, Wang XQ, Wang W, Yin GQ, Zhang DY, Sun Z, Li X, Sun H, Yang HB. Rotaxane-Branched Dendrimers with Enhanced Photosensitization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16748-16756. [PMID: 32869633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, fabrication of functional rotaxane-branched dendrimers has become one of the most attractive yet challenging topics within supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Herein, we present the successful fabrication of a family of new rotaxane-branched dendrimers containing up to 21 platinum atoms and 42 photosensitizer moieties through an efficient and controllable divergent approach. Notably, the photosensitization efficiencies of these rotaxane-branched dendrimers gradually increased with the increase of dendrimer generation. For example, third-generation rotaxane-branched dendrimer PG3 revealed 13.3-fold higher 1O2 generation efficiency than its corresponding monomer AN. The enhanced 1O2 generation efficiency was attributed to the enhancement of intersystem crossing (ISC) through the simple and efficient incorporation of multiple heavy atoms and photosensitizer moieties on the axles and wheels of the rotaxane units, respectively, which has been validated by UV-visible and fluorescence techniques, time-dependent density functional theory calculations, photolysis model reactions, and apparent activation energy calculations. Therefore, we develop a new promising platform of rotaxane-branched dendrimers for the preparation of effective photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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32
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Lin JX, Daolio A, Scilabra P, Terraneo G, Li H, Resnati G, Cao R. The Relevance of Size Matching in Self-assembly: Impact on Regio- and Chemoselective Cocrystallizations. Chemistry 2020; 26:11701-11704. [PMID: 32529674 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Decamethonium diiodide is reported to perform the chemo- and regioselective encapsulation of para-dihalobenzenes through the competitive formation of halogen-bonded cocrystals starting from solutions that also contain ortho and meta isomers. Selective caging in the solid occurs even when an excess ortho or meta isomers, or even a mixture of them, is present in the solution. A prime matching between the size and shape of the dication and the formed dianions plays a key role in enabling the selective self-assembly, as proven by successful encapsulation of halogen-bond donors as weak as 1,4-dichlorobenzene and by the results of cocrystallization trials involving mismatching tectons. Encapsulated para-dihalobenzenes guest molecules can be removed quantitatively by heating the cocrystals under reduced pressure and be recovered as pure materials. The residual decamethonium diiodide can be recycled with no reduction in selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,The School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing, 350300, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Daolio
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick Scilabra
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Hongfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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33
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Hoyas Pérez N, Lewis JEM. Synthetic strategies towards mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6757-6780. [PMID: 32840554 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01583k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have fascinated chemists for decades. Initially a tantalising synthetic challenge, interlocked molecules have continued to capture the imagination for their aesthetics and, increasingly, for their potential as molecular machines and use in materials applications. Whilst preliminary statistical attempts to prepare these molecules were exceedingly inefficient, a raft of template-directed strategies have now been realised, providing a vast toolbox from which chemists can access interlocked structures in excellent yields. For many envisaged applications it is desirable to move away from small, discrete interlocked molecules and turn to oligomers and polymers instead, either due to the need for multiple mechanical bonds within the desired material, or to exploit an extended scaffold for the organisation and arrangement of individual mechanically interlocked units. In this tutorial-style review we outline the synthetic strategies that have been employed for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers, including oligo-/polymerisation of (pseudo)interlocked precursors, metal-organic self-assembly, the use of orthogonal template motifs, iterative approaches and grafting onto polymer backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hoyas Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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34
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Gianga TM, Audibert E, Trandafir A, Kociok-Köhn G, Pantoş GD. Discovery of an all-donor aromatic [2]catenane. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9685-9690. [PMID: 34094233 PMCID: PMC8162110 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04317f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the first all-donor aromatic [2]catenane formed through dynamic combinatorial chemistry, using single component libraries. The building block is a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene derivative, a π-donor molecule, with cysteine appendages that allow for disulfide exchange. The hydrophobic effect plays an essential role in the formation of the all-donor [2]catenane. The design of the building block allows the formation of a quasi-fused pentacyclic core, which enhances the stacking interactions between the cores. The [2]catenane has chiro-optical and fluorescent properties, being also the first known DCC-disulphide-based interlocked molecule to be fluorescent. An all-donor [2]catenane has been synthesised via dynamic combinatorial chemistry. It features stacked benzodithiophenes which are quasi-pentacyclic through hydrogen bonding.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
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35
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Bautista D, Marzari MRB, Martins MAP, Alajarin M, Berna J. Copper-Linked Rotaxanes for the Building of Photoresponsive Metal Organic Frameworks with Controlled Cargo Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13442-13449. [PMID: 32646211 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a photoresponsive metal-organic framework by using an amide-based [2]rotaxane as linker and copper(II) ions as metal nodes. The interlocked linker was obtained by the hydrogen bond-directed approach employing a fumaramide thread as template of the macrocyclic component, this latter incorporating two carboxyl groups. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal-organic framework, prepared under solvothermal conditions, showed the formation of stacked 2D rhombohedral grids forming channels decorated with the interlocked alkenyl threads. A series of metal-organic frameworks differing in the E/Z olefin ratio were prepared either by the previous isomerization of the linker or by postirradiation of the reticulated materials. By dynamic solid state 2H NMR measurements, using deuterium-labeled materials, we proved that the geometry of the olefinic axis of the interlocked struts determined the obtention of materials with different independent local dynamics as a result of the strength of the intercomponent noncovalent interactions. Moreover, the usefulness of these novel copper-rotaxane materials as molecular dosing containers has also been assayed by the diffusion and photorelease of p-benzoquinone, evaluated in different solvents and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Cientifica (SUIC), Area Científica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Mara R B Marzari
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
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36
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Gao WX, Feng HJ, Guo BB, Lu Y, Jin GX. Coordination-Directed Construction of Molecular Links. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6288-6325. [PMID: 32558562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the concept of chemical topology, interlocked molecular assemblies have graduated from academic curiosities and poorly defined species to become synthetic realities. Coordination-directed synthesis provides powerful, diverse, and increasingly sophisticated protocols for accessing interlocked molecules. Originally, metal ions were employed solely as templates to gather and position building blocks in entwined or threaded arrangements. Recently, metal centers have increasingly featured within the backbones of the integral structural elements, which in turn use noncovalent interactions to self-assemble into intricate topologies. By outlining ingenious recent examples as well as seminal classic cases, this Review focuses on the role of metal-ligand paradigms in assembling molecular links. In addition, the ever-evolving approaches to efficient assembly, the structural features of the resulting architectures, and their prospects for the future are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xi Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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37
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Martinez-Bulit P, Wilson BH, Loeb SJ. One-pot synthesis of porphyrin-based [5]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4395-4400. [PMID: 32463405 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot reaction is used to make a series of [5]rotaxanes. The protocol involves simultaneous threading-followed-by-stoppering to trap a macrocycle (dibenzo[24]crown-8, DB24C8) on an axle to form a mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) - in this case a rotaxane - and the condensation of an aldehyde with a pyrrole to form a porphyrin precursor. For each [5]rotaxane, a different combination of recognition site and stoppering group was used; the protonation state of the [5]rotaxane can be used to generate different co-conformational states for each [5]rotaxane making these systems potential multi-state switches for further study in solution or the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martinez-Bulit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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38
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Racicot JM, Mako TL, Olivelli A, Levine M. A Paper-Based Device for Ultrasensitive, Colorimetric Phosphate Detection in Seawater. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2766. [PMID: 32408677 PMCID: PMC7294414 DOI: 10.3390/s20102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of certain nutrients, including phosphate, are known to lead to undesired algal growth and low dissolved oxygen levels, creating deadly conditions for organisms in marine ecosystems. The rapid and robust detection of these nutrients using a colorimetric, paper-based system that can be applied on-site is of high interest to individuals monitoring marine environments and others affected by marine ecosystem health. Several techniques for detecting phosphate have been reported previously, yet these techniques often suffer from high detection limits, reagent instability, and the need of the user to handle toxic reagents. In order to develop improved phosphate detection methods, the commonly used molybdenum blue reagents were incorporated into a paper-based, colorimetric detection system. This system benefited from improved stabilization of the molybdenum blue reagent as well as minimal user contact with toxic reagents. The colorimetric readout from the paper-based devices was analyzed and quantified using RGB analyses (via ImageJ), and resulted in the detection of phosphate at detection limits between 1.3 and 2.8 ppm in various aqueous media, including real seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.M.R.); (T.L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.M.R.); (T.L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Alexander Olivelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (J.M.R.); (T.L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan St, Ariel 40700, Israel
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39
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Zhu JL, Ling QH, Wu A, Xu L. Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete supramolecular double-metallacycles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17511-17519. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in the coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete supramolecular double-metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Ling
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Aibin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou
- China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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40
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Nakamura T, Mori Y, Naito M, Okuma Y, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Rotaxanes comprising cyclic phenylenedioxydiacetamides and secondary mono- and bis-dialkylammonium ions: effect of macrocyclic ring size on pseudorotaxane formation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2]Rotaxanes, stabilized through multiple and cooperative hydrogen bonding system, were synthesized from dialkylammonium ions and macrocycle possessing two phenylenedioxydiacetamide units and appropriate spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yuka Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yukari Okuma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
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41
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Xiao T, Zhong W, Yang W, Qi L, Gao Y, Sue ACH, Li ZY, Sun XQ, Lin C, Wang L. Reversible hydrogen-bonded polymerization regulated by allosteric metal templation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14385-14388. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A stable quadruple hydrogen bonded cyclic dimer assisted by metal templation was successfully self-assembled and its reversible transformation to supramolecular polymer was investigated.
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42
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Hsueh FC, Tsai CY, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Interlocking increases the persistence of N-heterocyclic carbenes in solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4773-4776. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encircling macrocycles around N-heterocyclic carbenes, in the form of [2]rotaxanes, is a practical approach for increasing the persistence of these highly reactive species in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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43
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Yang PC, Chien YH, Tseng SH, Lin CC, Huang KY. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Multistimulus-Responsive Azobenzene-Containing Diblock Copolymer through RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2028. [PMID: 31817773 PMCID: PMC6960709 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper gathered studies on multistimulus-responsive sensing and self-assembly behavior of a novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer through a two-step reverse addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) macromolecular chain transfer agent and diblock copolymer (poly(NIPAM-b-Azo)) were discovered to have moderate thermal decomposition temperatures of 351.8 and 370.8 °C, respectively, indicating that their thermal stability was enhanced because of the azobenzene segments incorporated into the block copolymer. The diblock copolymer was determined to exhibit a lower critical solution temperature of 34.4 °C. Poly(NIPAM-b-Azo) demonstrated a higher photoisomerization rate constant (kt = 0.1295 s-1) than the Azo monomer did (kt = 0.088 s-1). When ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was applied, the intensity of fluorescence gradually increased, suggesting that UV irradiation enhanced the fluorescence of self-assembled cis-isomers of azobenzene. Morphological aggregates before and after UV irradiation are shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses of the diblock copolymer. We employed photoluminescence titrations to reveal that the diblock copolymer was highly sensitive toward Ru3+ and Ba2+, as was indicated by the crown ether acting as a recognition moiety between azobenzene units. Micellar aggregates were formed in the polymer aqueous solution through dissolution; their mean diameters were approximately 205.8 and 364.6 nm at temperatures of 25.0 and 40.0 °C, respectively. Our findings contribute to research on photoresponsive and chemosensory polymer material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.T.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-Y.H.)
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44
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Nazari SH, Forson KG, Martinez EE, Hansen NJ, Gassaway KJ, Lyons NM, Kenney KC, Valdivia-Berroeta GA, Smith SJ, Michaelis DJ. Boron-Templated Dimerization of Allylic Alcohols To Form Protected 1,3-Diols via Acid Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:9589-9593. [PMID: 31765164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented boron-templated dimerization of allylic alcohols that generates a 1,3-diol product with two stereogenic centers in high yield and diastereoselectivity. This acid-catalyzed reaction is achieved via in situ formation of a boronic ester intermediate that facilitates selective cyclization and formation of a cyclic boronic ester product. High yields are observed with a variety of allylic alcohols, and mechanistic studies confirm the role of boron as a template for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hadi Nazari
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Kelton G Forson
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Erin E Martinez
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | | | - Kyle J Gassaway
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Nathan M Lyons
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | | | | | - Stacey J Smith
- Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
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45
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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46
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Ciaccia M, Núñez-Villanueva D, Hunter CA. Capping Strategies for Covalent Template-Directed Synthesis of Linear Oligomers Using CuAAC. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10862-10875. [PMID: 31251047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Covalent templating provides an attractive solution to the controlled synthesis of linear oligomers because a template oligomer can be used to define the precise length and sequence of the product. If the monomer units are attached to the template using kinetically inert covalent bonds it should be possible to operate at high dilution to favor intramolecular over intermolecular reaction. However, for oligomerization reactions using copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) this is not the case. The rate-limiting step is formation of an activated copper complex, so any alkyne that is activated by copper reacts rapidly with the nearest available azide. As a result, every time a chain end alkyne is activated, rapid intermolecular reaction takes place with a different oligomer leading to the formation of higher order products. It proved possible to block these intermolecular reactions by adding an excess of an azide capping agent that intercepts the chain end of the growing oligomer on the template. By adjusting the concentration of the capping agent to compete effectively with the unwanted intermolecular reactions without interfering with the desired intramolecular reactions, it was possible to obtain quantitative yields of copy strands from covalent template-directed oligomerization reactions. Remarkably, the capping agent could also be used to control the stereochemistry of the duplex formed in the templated oligomerization reaction to give exclusively the antiparallel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Diego Núñez-Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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47
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Tai TY, Liu YH, Lai CC, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Absolute Configurations of Topologically Chiral [2]Catenanes and the Acid/Base-Flippable Directions of Their Optical Rotations. Org Lett 2019; 21:5708-5712. [PMID: 31283244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configurations of the two enantiomers of a topologically chiral [2]catenane were determined unambiguously based on HPLC resolution and X-ray crystal analysis. Although structurally dissimilar to simple amino acids, the optical rotations of these separated [2]catenanes share the Clough-Lutz-Jirgensons behavior of amino acids: the optical rotation flips direction in the presence of acid and base, the first example of such behavior for a mechanically interlocked topologically chiral catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Tai
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung City 402 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
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48
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Kaizerman-Kane D, Hadar M, Tal N, Dobrovetsky R, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. pH-Responsive Pillar[6]arene-based Water-Soluble Supramolecular Hexagonal Boxes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5302-5306. [PMID: 30786135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of the first water-soluble pH-responsive supramolecular hexagonal boxes (SHBs) based on multiple charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between peramino-pillar[6]arenes 2 with the molecular "lid" mellitic acid (1 a). The interaction between 2 and 1 a, as well as the other "lids" pyromellitic and trimesic acids (1 b and 1 c, respecively) were studied by a combination of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the addition of 1 a to the complexes of the protonated form of pillar[6]arene 2, that is, 3, with bis-sulfonate 4 a or 4 b, immediately led to guest escape along with the formation of closed 1 a2 2 supramolecular boxes. Moreover, the process of the openning and closing of the supramolecular boxes along with threading and escaping of the guests, respectively, was found to be reversible and pH-responsive. This study paves the way for the easy and modular preparation of different SHBs that may have myriad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kaizerman-Kane
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Tal
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 740000, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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49
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Kaizerman‐Kane D, Hadar M, Tal N, Dobrovetsky R, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. pH‐Responsive Pillar[6]arene‐based Water‐Soluble Supramolecular Hexagonal Boxes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kaizerman‐Kane
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Noam Tal
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Organic ChemistryIsrael Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 740000 Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
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50
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Lewis JEM. Self-templated synthesis of amide catenanes and formation of a catenane coordination polymer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2442-2447. [PMID: 30742192 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A self-templation strategy was used to synthesise isophthalamide [2]catenanes of various sizes in up to 51% yield without the need for metal ions as templates or mediators of covalent bond formation. Using this strategy a bis-monodentate catenane was prepared incorporating exohedral pyridine units. Upon complexation of this ligand with AgOTf a one-dimensional coordination polymer was obtained in the solid state in which both macrocycles of the catenane are involved in binding to the metal nodes, resulting in a rare example of a coordination assembly in which mechanical bonds are incorporated into the structure backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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