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Zohouri D, Taverna M, Morani M, Obeid S, Mougin J, Krupova Z, Defrenaix P, Mai TD. Investigation of on-line electrokinetic enrichment strategies for capillary electrophoresis of extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465116. [PMID: 38936163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This work explores strategies for electrokinetic preconcentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potential source of biomarkers for different diseases. The first approach that led to successful preconcentration of EVs is based on large volume sample stacking (LVSS), allowing an enrichment factor of 7 for CE of EVs with long-end injection (using a capillary with an effective length of 50 cm). Attempts were also made to perform multiple cycles of LVSS, field amplified sample stacking (FASS) and field amplified sample injection (FASI), to improve EVs preconcentration performance. The focus was then put on development of capillary isotachophoresis under high ionic strengths (IS) for electrokinetic enrichment of slow migrating EVs having heterogeneous mobilities. This approach relies on the use of extremely high concentrations of the terminating electrolyte (TE) to slow down the mobility of TE co-ions, rendering them slower than those of EVs. The limit of detection for intact EVs using the developed ITP-UV method reached 8.3 × 108 EVs/mL, allowing an enrichment of 25 folds and a linear calibration up to 4 × 1010 EVs/mL. The ITP-UV and ITP-LIF approaches were applied to provide the electrokinetic signature of EVs of bovine milk and human plasma as well as to visualize more specifically intravesicular fluorescently labelled EVs. The investigation of these strategies shredded light into the challenges still encountered with electrokinetic preconcentration and separation of heterogeneous EVs sub-populations which are discussed herein based on our results and other attempts reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Zohouri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Marco Morani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sameh Obeid
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Zuzana Krupova
- Excilone - 6, Rue Blaise Pascal - Parc Euclide 78990, Elancourt, France
| | - Pierre Defrenaix
- Excilone - 6, Rue Blaise Pascal - Parc Euclide 78990, Elancourt, France
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France.
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2
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Gao Z, Lin J, Su WC, Zhang K, Gruenhagen J, Zhong W, Fan Y, Bian J. Development of an advanced separation and characterization platform for mRNA and lipid nanoparticles using multi-detector asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05455-x. [PMID: 39102094 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapies has gained substantial attention in the field of drug development. In such an application, multiple LNP attributes have to be carefully characterized to ensure product safety and quality, whereas accurate and efficient characterization of these complex mRNA-LNP formulations remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we present the development and application of an online separation and characterization platform designed for the isolation and in-depth analysis of mRNAs and mRNA-loaded LNPs. Our asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with a multi-detector (MD-AF4) method has demonstrated exceptional resolution between mRNA-LNPs and mRNAs, delivering excellent recoveries (over 70%) for both analytes and exceptional repeatability. Notably, this platform allows for comprehensive and multi-attribute LNP characterization, including online particle sizing, morphology characterization, and determination of encapsulation efficiency, all within a single injection. Furthermore, real-time online sizing by synchronizing multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) presented higher resolution over traditional batch-mode DLS, particularly in differentiating heterogeneous samples with a low abundance of large-sized particles. Additionally, our method proves to be a valuable tool for monitoring LNP stability under varying stress conditions. Our work introduces a robust and versatile analytical platform using MD-AF4 that not only efficiently provides multi-attribute characterizations of mRNA-LNPs but also holds promise in advancing studies related to formulation screening, quality control, and stability assessment in the evolving field of nanoparticle delivery systems for mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Wan-Chih Su
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jason Gruenhagen
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yuchen Fan
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Juan Bian
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Kong Q, He H, Sun J, Qiu W, Zhang L, Yang M. Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401069. [PMID: 38874129 PMCID: PMC11321646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic SurgeryDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian116033P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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Hu L, Zheng X, Zhou M, Wang J, Tong L, Dong M, Xu T, Li Z. Optimized AF4 combined with density cushion ultracentrifugation enables profiling of high-purity human blood extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12470. [PMID: 39001700 PMCID: PMC11245685 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising tool for clinical liquid biopsy. However, the identification of EVs derived from blood samples is hindered by the presence of abundant plasma proteins, which impairs the downstream biochemical analysis of EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids. Here, we employed optimized asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) combined with density cushion ultracentrifugation (UC) to obtain high-purity and intact EVs with very low lipoprotein contamination from human plasma and serum. Further proteomic analysis revealed more than 1000 EV-associated proteins, a large proportion of which has not been previously reported. Specifically, we found that cell-line-derived EV markers are incompatible with the identification of plasma-EVs and proposed that the proteins MYCT1, TSPAN14, MPIG6B and MYADM, as well as the traditional EV markers CD63 and CD147, are plasma-EV markers. Benefiting from the high-purity of EVs, we conducted comprehensive miRNA profiling of plasma EVs and nanosized particles (NPs), as well as compared plasma- and serum-derived EVs, which provides a valuable resource for the EV research community. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive assessment of human blood EVs as a basis for clinical biopsy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Guangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Maoge Zhou
- Guangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lingjun Tong
- Jinan Central Hospital, Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Ming Dong
- Guangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou National LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
- Jinan Central Hospital, Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Li Y, Miao S, Tan J, Zhang Q, Chen DDY. Capillary Electrophoresis: A Three-Year Literature Review. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7799-7816. [PMID: 38598751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Siyu Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jiahua Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Chen H, Pang B, Zhou C, Han M, Gong J, Li Y, Jiang J. Prostate cancer-derived small extracellular vesicle proteins: the hope in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 38093355 PMCID: PMC10720096 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies against metastatic PCa make this disease a heavy burden in global men's health. Prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (PCDEVs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their important role in communications in tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements have demonstrated PCDEVs proteins play an important role in PCa invasion, progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. In this review, we briefly discuss the applications of sEV proteins in PCa diagnosis and prognosis in liquid biopsy, focus on the roles of the PCa-derived small EVs (sEVs) proteins in tumor microenvironment associated with cancer progression, and explore the therapeutic potential of sEV proteins applied for future metastatic PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Han
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML. Field-flow fractionation - an excellent tool for fractionation, isolation and/or purification of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464492. [PMID: 37944435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with its several variants, has developed into a mature methodology. The scope of the FFF investigations has expanded, covering both a wide range of basic studies and especially a wide range of analytical applications. Special attention of this review is given to the achievements of FFF with reference to recent applications in the fractionation, isolation, and purification of biomacromolecules, and from which especially those of (in alphabetical order) bacteria, cells, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, lipoproteins, nucleic acids, and viruses and virus-like particles. In evaluating the major approaches and trends demonstrated since 2012, the most significant biomacromolecule applications are compiled in tables. It is also evident that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is by far the most dominant technique in the studies. The industry has also shown current interest in FFF and adopted it in some sophisticated fields. FFF, in combination with appropriate detectors, handles biomacromolecules in open channel in a gentle way due to the lack of shear forces and unwanted interactions caused by the stationary phase present in chromatography. In addition, in isolation and purification of biomacromolecules quite high yields can be achieved under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Gao Z, Li Z, Hutchins Z, Zhang Q, Zhong W. Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Analysis by Integration of Large-Volume Sample Stacking in Capillary Electrophoresis with Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15778-15785. [PMID: 37795969 PMCID: PMC10947528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication and pathological development. Cargo profiling for the EVs present in clinical specimens can provide valuable insights into their functions and help discover effective EV-based markers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the highly abundant and complex matrix components pose significant challenges for specific identification of low-abundance EV cargos. Herein, we combine asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with large-volume sample stacking and capillary electrophoresis (LVSS/CE), to attain EVs with high purity for downstream protein profiling. This hyphenated system first separates the EVs from the contamination of smaller serum proteins by AF4, and second resolves the EVs from the coeluted, nonvesicular matrix components by CE following LVSS. The optimal LVSS condition permits the injection of 10-fold more EVs into CE compared to the nonstacking condition without compromising separation resolution. Collection and downstream analysis of the highly pure EVs after CE separation were demonstrated in the present work. The high EV purity yields a much-improved labeling efficiency when detected by fluorescent antibodies compared to those collected from the one-dimension separation of AF4, and permits the identification of more EV-specific cargos by LC-MS/MS compared to those isolated by ultracentrifugation (UC), the exoEasy Maxi Kit, and AF4. Our results strongly support that AF4-LVSS/CE can improve EV isolation and cargo analysis, opening up new opportunities for understanding EV functions and their applications in the biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Zongbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Zachary Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Quanqing Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
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9
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Joo HS, Suh JH, So CM, Jeon HJ, Yoon SH, Lee JM. Emerging Roles of Using Small Extracellular Vesicles as an Anti-Cancer Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14063. [PMID: 37762393 PMCID: PMC10531913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Tumor-cell-derived sEVs contain biomolecules that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis. sEVs can directly exert tumor-killing effects or modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to anti-cancer effects. In this review, the application of sEVs as a diagnostic tool, drug delivery system, and active pharmaceutical ingredient for cancer therapy will be highlighted. The therapeutic efficacies of sEVs will be compared to conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, this review will provide strategies for sEV engineering to enhance the therapeutic efficacies of sEVs. As a bench-to-bedside application, we will discuss approaches to encourage good-manufacturing-practice-compliant industrial-scale manufacturing and purification of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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10
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Bian J, Gobalasingham N, Purchel A, Lin J. The Power of Field-Flow Fractionation in Characterization of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104169. [PMID: 37241911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle, flexible, and powerful separation technique that is widely utilized for fractionating nanometer-sized analytes, which extend to many emerging nanocarriers for drug delivery, including lipid-, virus-, and polymer-based nanoparticles. To ascertain quality attributes and suitability of these nanostructures as drug delivery systems, including particle size distributions, shape, morphology, composition, and stability, it is imperative that comprehensive analytical tools be used to characterize the native properties of these nanoparticles. The capacity for AF4 to be readily coupled to multiple online detectors (MD-AF4) or non-destructively fractionated and analyzed offline make this technique broadly compatible with a multitude of characterization strategies, which can provide insight on size, mass, shape, dispersity, and many other critical quality attributes. This review will critically investigate MD-AF4 reports for characterizing nanoparticles in drug delivery, especially those reported in the last 10-15 years that characterize multiple attributes simultaneously downstream from fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bian
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nemal Gobalasingham
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Anatolii Purchel
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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