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Jones RR, Miksch C, Kwon H, Pothoven C, Rusimova KR, Kamp M, Gong K, Zhang L, Batten T, Smith B, Silhanek AV, Fischer P, Wolverson D, Valev VK. Dense Arrays of Nanohelices: Raman Scattering from Achiral Molecules Reveals the Near-Field Enhancements at Chiral Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209282. [PMID: 36631958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Against the background of the current healthcare and climate emergencies, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is becoming a highly topical technique for identifying and fingerprinting molecules, e.g., within viruses, bacteria, drugs, and atmospheric aerosols. Crucial for SERS is the need for substrates with strong and reproducible enhancements of the Raman signal over large areas and with a low fabrication cost. Here, dense arrays of plasmonic nanohelices (≈100 nm in length), which are of interest for many advanced nanophotonics applications, are investigated, and they are shown to present excellent SERS properties. As an illustration, two new ways to probe near-field enhancement generated with circular polarization at chiral metasurfaces are presented, first using the Raman spectra of achiral molecules (crystal violet) and second using a single, element-specific, achiral molecular vibrational mode (i.e., a single Raman peak). The nanohelices can be fabricated over large areas at a low cost and they provide strong, robust and uniform Raman enhancement. It is anticipated that these advanced materials will find broad applications in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopies and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R Jones
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Cornelia Miksch
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyunah Kwon
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Coosje Pothoven
- VSPARTICLE, Molengraaffsingel 10, JD Delft, 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina R Rusimova
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maarten Kamp
- VSPARTICLE, Molengraaffsingel 10, JD Delft, 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Kedong Gong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tim Batten
- Renishaw plc, New Mills, Kingswood, Wotton-under-Edge, GL12 8JR, UK
| | - Brian Smith
- Renishaw plc, New Mills, Kingswood, Wotton-under-Edge, GL12 8JR, UK
| | - Alejandro V Silhanek
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, University of Liége, Sart Tilman, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolverson
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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2
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Li D, Yue W, Gong T, Gao P, Zhang T, Luo Y, Wang C. A comprehensive SERS, SEM and EDX study of individual atmospheric PM 2.5 particles in Chengdu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163668. [PMID: 37100148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in large cities has important implications for the study of their sources and formation mechanisms, as well as in developing effective measures to control air pollution. Herein, we report a holistic physical and chemical characterization of PM2.5 by combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron-induced X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). PM2.5 particles were collected in a suburban area of Chengdu, a large city in China with a population over 21 million. A special SERS chip composed of inverted hollow Au cone (IHAC) arrays was designed and fabricated to allow direct loading of PM2.5 particles. SERS and EDX were used to reveal the chemical composition, and particle morphologies were analyzed from SEM images. SERS data of atmospheric PM2.5 indicated qualitatively the presence of carbonaceous particulate matter, sulfate, nitrate, metal oxides and bioparticles. The EDX showed the presence of the elements C, N, O, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, and Ca in the collected PM2.5. Morphology analysis showed that the particulates were mainly in the form of flocculent clusters, spherical, regular crystal shaped or irregularly shaped particles. Our chemical and physical analyses also revealed that the main sources of PM2.5 are automobile exhaust, secondary pollution caused by photochemical reactions in the air, dust, emission from nearby industrial exhaust, biological particles, other aggregated particles, and hygroscopic particles. SERS and SEM data collected during three different seasons showed that carbon-containing particles are the principal sources of PM2.5. Our study demonstrates that the SERS based technique, when combined with standard physicochemical characterization methods, is a powerful analytical tool to determine the sources of ambient PM2.5 pollution. Results obtained in this work may be valuable to the prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weisheng Yue
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Wang N, Gan Z, Duan F, Chen H, Ma C, Ji J, Sun Z. Adhesive surface-enhanced Raman scattering Cu-Au nanoassembly for the sensitive analysis of particulate matter. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:35-44. [PMID: 36801040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used in atmospheric aerosol detection as it enables the high-resolution analysis of particulate matter. However, its use in the detection of historical samples without damaging the sampling membrane while achieving effective transfer and the high-sensitivity analysis of particulate matter from sample films remains challenging. In this study, a new type of SERS tape was developed, consisting of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on an adhesive double-sided Cu film (DCu). The enhanced electromagnetic field generated by the coupled resonance of the local surface plasmon resonances of AuNPs and DCu led to an enhanced SERS signal with an experimental enhancement factor of 107. The AuNPs were semi-embedded and distributed on the substrate, and the viscous DCu layer was exposed, enabling particle transfer. The substrates exhibited good uniformity and favorable reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 13.53% and 9.74% respectively, and the substrates could be stored for 180 days with no signs of signal weakening. The application of the substrates was demonstrated by the extraction and detection of malachite green and ammonium salt particulate matter. The results demonstrated that SERS substrates based on AuNPs and DCu are highly promising in real-world environmental particle monitoring and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chensheng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Estefany C, Sun Z, Hong Z, Du J. Raman spectroscopy for profiling physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114405. [PMID: 36508807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmosphere aerosols have significant impact on human health and the environment. Aerosol particles have a number of characteristics that influence their health and environmental effects, including their size, shape, and chemical composition. A great deal of difficulty is associated with quantifying and identifying atmospheric aerosols because these parameters are highly variable on a spatial and temporal scale. An important component of understanding aerosol fate is Raman Spectroscopy (RS), which is capable of resolving chemical compositions of individual particles. This review presented strategic techniques, especially RS methods for characterizing atmospheric aerosols. The nature and properties of atmospheric aerosols and their influence on environment and human health were briefly described. Analytical methodologies that offer insight into the chemistry and multidimensional properties of aerosols were discussed. In addition, perspectives for practical applications of atmospheric aerosols using RS are featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedeño Estefany
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zijin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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5
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Hwang CH, Lee S, Lee S, Kim H, Kang T, Lee D, Jeong KH. Highly Adsorptive Au-TiO 2 Nanocomposites for the SERS Face Mask Allow the Machine-Learning-Based Quantitative Assay of SARS-CoV-2 in Artificial Breath Aerosols. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54550-54557. [PMID: 36448483 PMCID: PMC9718102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory aerosols contain diverse potential biomarkers for early disease diagnosis. Here, we report the direct and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory aerosols using a highly adsorptive Au-TiO2 nanocomposite SERS face mask and an ablation-assisted autoencoder. The Au-TiO2 SERS face mask continuously preconcentrates and efficiently captures the oronasal aerosols, which substantially enhances the SERS signal intensities by 47% compared to simple Au nanoislands. The ultrasensitive Au-TiO2 nanocomposites also demonstrate the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in artificial respiratory aerosols at a 100 pM concentration level. The deep learning-based autoencoder, followed by the partial ablation of nondiscriminant SERS features of spike proteins, allows a quantitative assay of the 101-104 pfu/mL SARS-CoV-2 lysates (comparable to 19-29 PCR cyclic threshold from COVID-19 patients) in aerosols with an accuracy of over 98%. The Au-TiO2 SERS face mask provides a platform for breath biopsy for the detection of various biomarkers in respiratory aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles
S. H. Hwang
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sangyeon Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology
Research Center, Korea Research Institute
of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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6
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Yoo H, Lee H, Park C, Shin D, Ro CU. Novel Single-Particle Analytical Technique for Submicron Atmospheric Aerosols: Combined Use of Dark-Field Scattering and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13028-13035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Hayeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Changmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Dongha Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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7
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Fankhauser AM, Lei Z, Daley KR, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Gold A, Ault BS, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Acidity-Dependent Atmospheric Organosulfate Structures and Spectra: Exploration of Protonation State Effects via Raman and Infrared Spectroscopies Combined with Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5974-5984. [PMID: 36017944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organosulfates formed from heterogeneous reactions of organic-derived oxidation products with sulfate ions can account for >15% of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass, primarily in submicron particles with long atmospheric lifetimes. However, fundamental understanding of organosulfate molecular structures is limited, particularly at atmospherically relevant acidities (pH = 0-6). Herein, for 2-methyltetrol sulfates (2-MTSs), an important group of isoprene-derived organosulfates, protonation state and vibrational modes were studied using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations of vibrational spectra for neutral (RO-SO3H) and anionic/deprotonated (RO-SO3-) structures. The calculated sulfate group vibrations differ for the two protonation states due to their different sulfur-oxygen bond orders (1 or 2 versus 12/3 for the neutral and deprotonated forms, respectively). Only vibrations at 1060 and 1041 cm-1, which are associated with symmetric S-O stretches of the 2-MTS anion, were observed experimentally with Raman, while sulfate group vibrations for the neutral form (∼900, 1200, and 1400 cm-1) were not observed. Additional calculations of organosulfates formed from other SOA-precursor gases (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene) identified similar symmetric vibrations between 1000 and 1100 cm-1 for RO-SO3-, consistent with corresponding organosulfates formed during laboratory experiments. These results suggest that organosulfates are primarily deprotonated at atmospheric pH values, which have further implications for aerosol acidity, heterogeneous reactions, and continuing chemistry in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Fankhauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kimberly R Daley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Bruce S Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Longnecker E, Metz L, Miller RS, Berke AE. Probing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Secondary Organic Aerosol Mimicking Solutions Using Articulated Straws. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33436-33442. [PMID: 34926893 PMCID: PMC8674910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in aerosol particles containing oxidized organic species and inorganic salts affects particle morphology and influences uptake into, diffusion through, and reactivity within those particles. We report here an accessible method, similar to ice core analyses, using solutions that are relevant for both aerosol chemical systems and aqueous two-phase extraction systems and contain ammonium sulfate and one of eight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butaonol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol) frozen in articulated (bendable) straws to probe LLPS. For alcohols with negative octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K OW) values and O/C ratios ≥0.5, no LLPS occurs, while for alcohols with positive K OW values and O/C ratios ≤0.33, phase separation always occurs, both findings consistent with observations using different experimental techniques. When a third species, glyoxal, is added, the glyoxal stays in the aqueous phase, regardless of whether LLPS occurs. When phase separation occurs, the glyoxal forms a strong intermolecular interaction with the sulfate ion, red-shifting the ν3(SO4 2-) peak by 15 cm-1. These results provide evidence of chemical interactions within phase-separated systems that have implications for understanding chemical reactivity within those, and related, systems.
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Ballotin FC, Hartman T, Koek J, Geitenbeek RG, Weckhuysen BM. Operando Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of the NO Reduction Reaction over Rhodium-Based Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1595-1602. [PMID: 34133834 PMCID: PMC8456812 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Operando shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) with on-line mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to investigate the surface species, such as NO, NOH, NO2 , N2 O, and reaction products of the NO reduction reaction with CO and H2 over supported Rh-based catalysts in the form of catalyst extrudates. By correlating surface intermediates and reaction products, new insights in the reaction mechanism could be obtained. Upon applying different reaction conditions (i. e., H2 or CO), the selectivity of the catalytic reaction could be tuned towards the formation of N2 . Furthermore, in the absence of Rh, no reaction products were detected. The importance of the operando SHINERS as a surface-sensitive characterization technique in the field of heterogeneous catalysis provides routes towards a better understanding of catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane C. Ballotin
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hartman
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joris Koek
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Robin G. Geitenbeek
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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10
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Chen H, Duan F, Du J, Yin R, Zhu L, Dong J, He K, Sun Z, Wang S. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for mixing state characterization of individual fine particles during a haze episode in Beijing, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:216-224. [PMID: 33985724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nondestructive characterization of the mixing state of individual fine particles using the traditional single particle analysis technique remains a challenge. In this study, fine particles were collected during haze events under different pollution levels from September 5 to 11 2017 in Beijing, China. A nondestructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique was employed to investigate the morphology, chemical composition, and mixing state of the multiple components in the individual fine particles. Optical image and SERS spectral analysis results show that soot existing in the form of opaque material was predominant during clear periods (PM2.5 ≤ 75 µg/m3). During polluted periods (PM2.5 > 75 µg/m3), opaque particles mixed with transparent particles (nitrates and sulfates) were generally observed. Direct classical least squares analysis further identified the relative abundances of the three major components of the single particles: soot (69.18%), nitrates (28.71%), and sulfates (2.11%). A negative correlation was observed between the abundance of soot and the mass concentration of PM2.5. Furthermore, mapping analysis revealed that on hazy days, PM2.5 existed as a core-shell structure with soot surrounded by nitrates and sulfates. This mixing state analysis method for individual PM2.5 particles provides information regarding chemical composition and haze formation mechanisms, and has the potential to facilitate the formulation of haze prevention and control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ranhao Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinlu Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Suhua Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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11
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Sivaprakasam V, Hart MB. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Environmental Monitoring of Aerosols. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10150-10159. [PMID: 34056169 PMCID: PMC8153665 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is conducted from single aerosol particles held in a linear electrodynamic quadrupole trap. SERS measurements from two representative types of ambient aerosol particles, semi-liquid and solid aerosols, are demonstrated; aerosol composed of adenine where the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are volume distributed throughout the particle and aerosol composed of polystyrene latex (PSL) beads where the MNPs are surface coated. An enhancement factor > 106 is demonstrated from 5 μm aerosols containing trace amounts of adenine (0.1% by mass), with a detection limit of 10-8 M corresponding to 5 × 105 molecules (equivalent to 100 ag in mass or a 50 nm diameter sphere), and a ratio of 100 adenine molecules per Ag NP. SERS signal intensities are linear with particle adenine concentration up to a saturation point. Both the linearity and enhancement factor were confirmed by SERS measurements of adenine as bulk suspensions. The SERS spectra of adenine as bulk suspensions were explored as a function of excitation wavelength ranging from 400 to 800 nm. The two main Raman peaks of adenine at 738 and 1336 cm-1 exhibit SERS maxima for excitation in the 450-500 nm range for commercially available 40 nm spherical Ag nanoparticles (NPs) used in this study, which shifts to longer wavelengths with the addition of NaCl. Shifts in SERS and spontaneous Raman shifts were observed between aqueous and dry adenine, in agreement with the literature, demonstrating the utility of SERS to possibly study water uptake of aerosols. SERS is measured from MNP surface-coated PSL beads with an enhancement factor of 30 for 5 μm PSLs. Theoretical extrapolation demonstrates that the enhancement factor will increase for decreasing particle size with an estimated enhancement factor of 140 for 1 μm PSLs.
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12
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Cheng H, Dong X, Yang Y, Feng Y, Wang T, Tahir MA, Zhang L, Fu H. Au nanoring arrays as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for chemical component study of individual atmospheric aerosol particle. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:11-17. [PMID: 33279023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer-ordered gold nanoring arrays were prepared by ion-sputtering method and used as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to test the individual atmospheric aerosols particle. Compared to other methods used for testing atmospheric aerosols particles, the collection and subsequent detection in our work is performed directly on the gold nanoring SERS substrate without any treatment of the analyte. The SERS performance can be tuned by changing the depth of the gold nanoring cavity as originating from coupling of dipolar modes at the inner and outer surfaces of the nanorings. The electric field exhibits uniform enhancement and polarization in the ordered Au nanoring substrate, which can improve the accuracy for detecting atmospheric aerosol particles. Combined with Raman mapping, the information about chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosols particle and distribution of specific components can be presented visually. The results show the potential of SERS in enabling improved analysis of aerosol particle chemical composition, mixing state, and other related physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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13
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Ault AP. Aerosol Acidity: Novel Measurements and Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1703-1714. [PMID: 32786333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pH of a solution is one of its most fundamental chemical properties, impacting reaction pathways and kinetics across every area of chemistry. The atmosphere is no different, with the pH of the condensed phase driving key chemical reactions that ultimately impact global climate in numerous ways. The condensed phase in the atmosphere is comprised of suspended liquid or solid particles, known as the atmospheric aerosol, which are differentiated from cloud droplets by their much smaller size (primarily <10 μm). The pH of the atmospheric aerosol can enhance certain chemical reactions leading to the formation of additional condensed phase mass from lower volatility species (secondary aerosol), alter the optical and water uptake properties of particles, and solubilize metals that can act as key nutrients in nutrient-limited ecosystems or cause oxidative stress after inhalation. However, despite the importance of aerosol acidity for climate and health, our fundamental understanding of pH has been limited due to aerosol size (by number >99% of particles are <1 μm) and complexity. Within a single atmospheric particle, there can be hundreds to thousands of distinct chemical species, varying water content, high ionic strengths, and different phases (liquid, semisolid, and solid). Making aerosol analysis even more challenging, atmospheric particles are constantly evolving through heterogeneous reactions with gases and multiphase chemistry within the condensed phase. Based on these challenges, traditional pH measurements are not feasible, and, for years, indirect and proxy methods were the most common way to estimate aerosol pH, with mixed results. However, aerosol pH needs to be incorporated into climate models to accurately determine which chemical reactions are dominant in the atmosphere. Consequently, experimental measurements that probe pH in atmospherically relevant particles are sorely needed to advance our understanding of aerosol acidity.This Account describes recent advances in measurements of aerosol particle acidity, specifically three distinct methods we developed for experimentally determining particle pH. Our acid-conjugate base method uses Raman microspectroscopy to probe an acid (e.g., HSO4-) and its conjugate base (e.g., SO42-) in individual micrometer-sized particles. Our second approach is a field-deployable colorimetric method based on pH indicators (e.g., thymol blue) and cell phone imaging to provide a simple, low-cost approach to ensemble average (or bulk) pH for particles in distinct size ranges down to a few hundred nanometers in diameter. In our third method, we monitor acid-catalyzed polymer degradation of a thin film (∼23 nm) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) on silicon by individual particles with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after inertially impacting particles of different pH. These measurements are improving our understanding of aerosol pH from a fundamental physical chemistry perspective and have led to initial atmospheric measurements. The impact of aerosol pH on key atmospheric processes, such as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, is discussed. Some unique findings, such as an unexpected size dependence to aerosol pH and kinetic limitations, illustrate that particles are not always in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding gas. The implications of our limited, but improving, understanding of the fundamental chemical concept of pH in the atmospheric aerosol are critical for connecting chemistry and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Zhou XX, Liu R, Hao LT, Liu JF. Identification of polystyrene nanoplastics using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 221:121552. [PMID: 33076108 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that micro- and nanoplastics are accumulating in the environment, and their increasing concern of potential harm to wildlife has been identified as a major global issue. However, identification of nanoplastics in environmental samples remains a great challenge, and thus highlighting the great need for new approach. Herein, for the first time, we show that surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offered a feasible approach to identify trace polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics, which is the most produced nanoplastics and also widely presented in the natural environment. We found that when PS nanoplastics were surrounded by SERS-active silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a set of Raman spectra with chemical information could be obtained via SERS mapping. This map showed the potential PS distribution of the nanoplastics on a silicon wafer, allowing a quick and detailed analysis of the nanoplastics. Moreover, the proposed method was able to identify previously undetectable plastic particles as small as ~50 nm spiked in real water, demonstrating the power of SERS to probe nanoplastics. Our work is thus an important step in nanoplastic research, and we believe that this approach can be further developed to study the occurrence, formation, and transports of nanoplastics in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li-Teng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jing-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Xie Z, Kuai Y, Liu J, Gui H, Zhang J, Dai H, Xiao H, Chen DR, Zhang D. In Situ Quantitative Observation of Hygroscopic Growth of Single Nanoparticle Aerosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11062-11071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Xie
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Kuai
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- College of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiaoshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haosheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Da-Ren Chen
- Particle Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Lei Z, Bliesner SE, Mattson CN, Cooke ME, Olson NE, Chibwe K, Albert JNL, Ault AP. Aerosol Acidity Sensing via Polymer Degradation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6502-6511. [PMID: 32227877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of atmospheric aerosols is a critical property that affects the chemistry and composition of the atmosphere. Many key multiphase chemical reactions are pH-dependent, impacting processes like secondary organic aerosol formation, and need to be understood at a single particle level due to differences in particle-to-particle composition that impact both climate and health. However, the analytical challenge of measuring aerosol acidity in individual particles has limited pH measurements for fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) particles. This has led to a reliance on indirect methods or thermodynamic modeling, which focus on average, not individual, particle pH. Thus, new approaches are needed to probe single particle pH. In this study, a novel method for pH measurement was explored using degradation of a pH-sensitive polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone), to determine the acidity of individual submicron particles. Submicron particles of known pH (0 or 6) were deposited on a polymer film (21-25 nm thick) and allowed to react. Particles were then rinsed off, and the degradation of the polymer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. After degradation, holes in the PCL films exposed to pH 0 were observed, and the loss of the carbonyl stretch was monitored at 1723 cm-1. As particle size decreased, polymer degradation increased, indicating an increase in aerosol acidity at smaller particle diameters. This study describes a new approach to determine individual particle acidity and is a step toward addressing a key measurement gap related to our understanding of atmospheric aerosol impacts on climate and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Samuel E Bliesner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Claire N Mattson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaseba Chibwe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N L Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Olson NE, Cooke ME, Shi JH, Birbeck JA, Westrick JA, Ault AP. Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Aerosol Generated from Inland Lake Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4769-4780. [PMID: 32186187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by cyanobacteria in freshwater environments produce toxins (e.g., microcystin) that are harmful to human and animal health. HAB frequency and intensity are increasing with greater nutrient runoff and a warming climate. Lake spray aerosol (LSA) released from freshwater lakes has been identified on lakeshores and after transport inland, including from lakes with HABs, but little is known about the potential for HAB toxins to be incorporated into LSA. In this study, freshwater samples were collected from two lakes in Michigan: Mona Lake during a severe HAB with microcystin concentrations (>200 μg/L) well above the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended "do not drink" level (1.6 μg/L) and Muskegon Lake without a HAB (<1 μg/L microcystin). Microcystin toxins were identified in freshwater, as well as aerosol particles generated in the laboratory from Mona Lake water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at atmospheric concentrations up to 50 ± 20 ng/m3. Enrichment of hydrophobic microcystin congeners (e.g., microcystin-LR) was observed in aerosol particles relative to bulk freshwater, while enrichment of hydrophilic microcystin (e.g., microcystin-RR) was lower. As HABs increase in a warming climate, understanding and quantifying the emissions of toxins into the atmosphere is crucial for evaluating the health consequences of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jia H Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Johnna A Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Judy A Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Tahir MA, Zhang X, Cheng H, Xu D, Feng Y, Sui G, Fu H, Valev VK, Zhang L, Chen J. Klarite as a label-free SERS-based assay: a promising approach for atmospheric bioaerosol detection. Analyst 2020; 145:277-285. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a SERS-based Klarite interface for the rapid and culture-free detection and quantification of atmospheric bioaerosols in the real-world environment.
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20
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Saniel MBB, Lim LHV, Lamorena RB. An Initial Study on the Feasibility of Using Rudimentary SERS in Quick Chemical Assessment of Ambient Aerosols. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Blaise B. Saniel
- Institute of ChemistryCollege of ScienceNational Science ComplexUniversity of the Philippines-Diliman Quezon City Philippines 1101
| | - Len Herald V. Lim
- Institute of ChemistryCollege of ScienceNational Science ComplexUniversity of the Philippines-Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
| | - Rheo B. Lamorena
- Institute of ChemistryCollege of ScienceNational Science ComplexUniversity of the Philippines-Diliman Quezon City Philippines 1101
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21
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Dong X, Ohnoutek L, Yang Y, Feng Y, Wang T, Tahir MA, Valev VK, Zhang L. Cu/Ag Sphere Segment Void Array as Efficient Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate for Detecting Individual Atmospheric Aerosol. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13647-13657. [PMID: 31580648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) shows great promise in studying individual atmospheric aerosol. However, the lack of efficient, stable, uniform, large-array, and low-cost SERS substrates constitutes a major roadblock. Herein, a new SERS substrate is proposed for detecting individual atmospheric aerosol particles. It is based on the sphere segment void (SSV) structure of copper and silver (Cu/Ag) alloy. The SSV structure is prepared by an electrodeposition method and presents a uniform distribution, over large 2 cm2 arrays and at low cost. The substrate offers a high SERS enhancement factor (due to Ag) combined with lasting stability (due to Cu). The SSV structure of the arrays generates a high density of SERS hotspots (1.3 × 1014/cm2), making it an excellent substrate for atmospheric aerosol detection. For stimulated sulfate aerosols, the Raman signal is greatly enhanced (>50 times), an order of magnitude more than previously reported substrates for the same purpose. For ambient particles, collected and studied on a heavy haze day, the enhanced Raman signal allows ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as nitrates and sulfates. This work provides an efficient strategy for developing SERS substrate for detecting individual atmospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Lukas Ohnoutek
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
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22
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Ghosal S, Wall S. Identifying regional soil as the potential source of PM 2.5 particulate matter on air filters collected in Imperial Valley, California - A Raman micro-spectroscopy study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:181-189. [PMID: 31306825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the use of Raman micro-spectroscopy to determine sources of airborne particulate matter collected on PM2.5 air filters in Imperial Valley, California. The goal is to examine if nearby soil is a potential source of particles sampled on air filters deployed in an urbanized desert area during events of unusually high PM2.5 excursions. Particle specific composition information can be an indicator of potential origin. This can provide insights into the source of unexpectedly high proportion of large particles sampled on PM2.5 filters in the vicinity of Imperial Valley. The measured spectral correspondence between the filter and soil particles, in the size range of 2.5-10 μm, is consistent with windblown dust being a likely source of the larger (>2.5 μm) particles collected on the PM2.5 filters. Additionally, these particles were identified as components of commonly occurring crustal minerals in the vicinity of the sampling site, such as iron oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, titanium dioxides and aluminosilicates. A substantial portion of the analyzed filter particles displayed a strong broadband fluorescence signal, which is consistent with the presence of organic matter and has been recognized as a marker for soil related origin of the filter particles. Elemental carbon (soot) was found to be prevalent among the particles as well, suggesting the existence of combustion related sources. Comparison between a heavily loaded filter sample and a filter with a more typical, lower loading did not show any obvious difference in chemical compositions. In both cases the particles appeared to be of crustal origin with the prevalence of elemental carbon. The primary difference between these two filter samples appear to be their particle size distribution - the heavily loaded filter sample contained greater proportion of large particles (>2.5 μm), and was more consistent with spectral signature of soils analyzed from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ghosal
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Stephen Wall
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
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Jones RR, Hooper DC, Zhang L, Wolverson D, Valev VK. Raman Techniques: Fundamentals and Frontiers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:231. [PMID: 31300945 PMCID: PMC6626094 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Driven by applications in chemical sensing, biological imaging and material characterisation, Raman spectroscopies are attracting growing interest from a variety of scientific disciplines. The Raman effect originates from the inelastic scattering of light, and it can directly probe vibration/rotational-vibration states in molecules and materials. Despite numerous advantages over infrared spectroscopy, spontaneous Raman scattering is very weak, and consequently, a variety of enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques have emerged. These techniques include stimulated Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, as well as surface- and tip-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopies. The present review provides the reader with an understanding of the fundamental physics that govern the Raman effect and its advantages, limitations and applications. The review also highlights the key experimental considerations for implementing the main experimental Raman spectroscopic techniques. The relevant data analysis methods and some of the most recent advances related to the Raman effect are finally presented. This review constitutes a practical introduction to the science of Raman spectroscopy; it also highlights recent and promising directions of future research developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. Jones
- Turbomachinery Research Centre, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - David C. Hooper
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Daniel Wolverson
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Ventsislav K. Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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24
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Slade JH, Ault AP, Bui AT, Ditto JC, Lei Z, Bondy AL, Olson NE, Cook RD, Desrochers SJ, Harvey RM, Erickson MH, Wallace HW, Alvarez SL, Flynn JH, Boor BE, Petrucci GA, Gentner DR, Griffin RJ, Shepson PB. Bouncier Particles at Night: Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Chemistry and Sulfate Drive Diel Variations in the Aerosol Phase in a Mixed Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4977-4987. [PMID: 31002496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol phase state is critical for quantifying aerosol effects on climate and air quality. However, significant challenges remain in our ability to predict and quantify phase state during its evolution in the atmosphere. Herein, we demonstrate that aerosol phase (liquid, semisolid, solid) exhibits a diel cycle in a mixed forest environment, oscillating between a viscous, semisolid phase state at night and liquid phase state with phase separation during the day. The viscous nighttime particles existed despite higher relative humidity and were independently confirmed by bounce factor measurements and atomic force microscopy. High-resolution mass spectrometry shows the more viscous phase state at night is impacted by the formation of terpene-derived and higher molecular weight secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and smaller inorganic sulfate mass fractions. Larger daytime particulate sulfate mass fractions, as well as a predominance of lower molecular weight isoprene-derived SOA, lead to the liquid state of the daytime particles and phase separation after greater uptake of liquid water, despite the lower daytime relative humidity. The observed diel cycle of aerosol phase should provoke rethinking of the SOA atmospheric lifecycle, as it suggests diurnal variability in gas-particle partitioning and mixing time scales, which influence aerosol multiphase chemistry, lifetime, and climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Slade
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Alexander T Bui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Jenna C Ditto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Amy L Bondy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Ryan D Cook
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Sarah J Desrochers
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Rebecca M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Matthew H Erickson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| | - Henry W Wallace
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Sergio L Alvarez
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| | - James H Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| | - Brandon E Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Giuseppe A Petrucci
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Drew R Gentner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Paul B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Purdue Climate Change Research Center , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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25
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Comparison of operator- and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy of particles from different atmospheric aerosol types. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1633-1645. [PMID: 30725120 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Individual aerosol particles from an urban background site in Mainz (Germany), a traffic hotspot site in Essen (Germany), the free troposphere in the Swiss Alps (high altitude research station Jungfraujoch), a rural background/marine site on Cyprus (Cyprus Atmospheric Observatory) and a rural background site in the forested area of Odenwald (Germany) were characterised with two different scanning electron microscopy techniques, operator controlled (opSEM) and computer controlled (ccSEM). For all samples, about 500 particles were investigated by opSEM, and between 1103 and 6940 particles by ccSEM. Large systematic differences (in some cases a factor up to ~ 20) in the abundance of the various particle groups are observed in the results of the two techniques. These differences are dependent on particle type and size. With ccSEM, information on the mixing state of particles (e.g., presence of heterogeneous inclusions, surface coatings or gradients in chemical composition) cannot be obtained, and particle groups which are recognised by their complex morphology (e.g., soot and fly ash particles) are classified into other particle groups. In addition, highly volatile particles (i.e., particles which evaporate under electron bombardment within seconds) will be overlooked by ccSEM. If these limitations of ccSEM are not considered, normalising the particle group abundances to 100% (a popular practise in many publications) may lead to drastic misinterpretation of the real aerosol composition. OpSEM is indispensable when detailed information of particle composition is required, although it suffers from a much higher expenditure of time. In conclusion, both techniques might be used for single particle characterisation as long as drawbacks of each are considered.
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26
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Sun Z, Duan F, He K, Du J, Zhu L. Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM 2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:204-209. [PMID: 30077849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining detailed information on sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) is fundamentally important to explain the formation of haze in China, since it is a dominant component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and plays a critical role in the deterioration of air quality. Several single-particle analysis methods have been applied to study and explain SNA formation; however, determining its mixture state remains a challenge. This study describes a direct observation of the SNA components in atmospheric particles on a single-particle scale, and details the first use of a non-destructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique for SNA analysis. We studied PM2.5 collected at a site on the premises of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, during a winter haze episode (12.15.2016-12.23.2016). The on-line data show that the SNA component accounted for 9.4% to 68.2% of the total mass of PM2.5, becoming dominant on heavy haze days, and the sulfate concentration increased with the nitrate concentration (R2 = 0.72). Furthermore, the off-line SERS and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X ray analysis (SEM-EDS) results for the single particles collected also indicated that SNA increase with increasing haze pollution. The existing state of the SNA component on each haze day was observed directly in a non-destructive manner mainly in the form of double salts such as 3(NH4NO3)·(NH4)2SO4 and 2(NH4NO3)·(NH4)2SO4. A Raman mapping experiment further confirmed that the SNA was internally mixed. Our data also show that SNA can evaporate under high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy conditions, suggesting that SERS is an effective method to directly observe SNA without sample loss and may represent a promising single-particle technique to supplement traditional electron microscopy methods. This work will provide evidence for the SNA formation, particularly during haze events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Taylor GT. Windows into Microbial Seascapes: Advances in Nanoscale Imaging and Application to Marine Sciences. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2019; 11:465-490. [PMID: 30134123 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical cycles of all nonconservative elements are mediated by microorganisms over nanometer spatial scales. The pelagic seascape is known to possess microstructure imposed by heterogeneous distributions of particles, polymeric gels, biologically important chemicals, and microbes. While indispensable, most traditional oceanographic observational approaches overlook this heterogeneity and ignore subtleties, such as activity hot spots, symbioses, niche partitioning, and intrapopulation phenotypic variations, that can provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of planktonic ecosystem function. As part of the movement toward cultivation-independent tools in microbial oceanography, techniques to examine the ecophysiology of individual populations and their role in chemical transformations at spatial scales relevant to microorganisms have been developed. This review presents technologies that enable geochemical and microbiological interrogations at spatial scales ranging from 0.02 to a few hundred micrometers, particularly focusing on atomic force microscopy, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, and confocal Raman microspectroscopy and introducing promising approaches for future applications in marine sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Taylor
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;
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28
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Sun Z, Duan F, He K, Du J, Yang L, Li H, Ma T, Yang S. Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:388-395. [PMID: 30473304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of more than 400 million people in China. It is therefore of great importance to thoroughly investigate and understand their composition. To determine the physicochemical properties in atmospheric fine particles at the micrometer level, we described a sensitive and feasible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method using Ag foil as a substrate. This novel method enhanced the Raman signal intensities up to 10,000 a.u. for ν(NO3-) in fine particles. The SERS effect of Ag foil was further studied experimentally and theoretically and found to have an enhancement factor of the order of ~104. Size-fractionated real particle samples with aerodynamic diameters of 0.4-2.5 μm were successfully collected on a heavy haze day, allowing ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as soot, nitrates, and sulfates. These results suggest that the Ag-foil-based SERS technique can be effectively used to determine the microscopic characteristics of individual fine particles, which will help to understand haze formation mechanisms and formulate governance policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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29
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Tirella PN, Craig RL, Tubbs DB, Olson NE, Lei Z, Ault AP. Extending surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of atmospheric aerosol particles to the accumulation mode (150-800 nm). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1570-1580. [PMID: 30124713 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their small size, measurements of the complex composition of atmospheric aerosol particles and their surfaces are analytically challenging. This is particularly true for microspectroscopic methods, where it can be difficult to optically identify individual particles smaller than the diffraction limit of visible light (∼350 nm) and measure their vibrational modes. Recently, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been applied to the study of aerosol particles, allowing for detection and characterization of previously undistinguishable vibrational modes. However, atmospheric particles analyzed via SERS have primarily been >1 μm to date, much larger than the diameter of the most abundant atmospheric aerosols (∼100 nm). To push SERS towards more relevant particle sizes, a simplified approach involving Ag foil substrates was developed. Both ambient particles and several laboratory-generated model aerosol systems (polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs), ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate) were investigated to determine SERS enhancements. SERS spectra of monodisperse, model aerosols between 400-800 nm were compared with non-SERS enhanced spectra, yielding average enhancement factors of 102 for both inorganic and organic vibrational modes. Additionally, SERS-enabled detection of 150 nm size-selected ambient particles represent the smallest individual aerosol particles analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy to date, and the first time atmospheric particles have been measured at sizes approaching the atmospheric number size distribution mode. SERS-enabled detection and identification of vibrational modes in smaller, more atmospherically-relevant particles has the potential to improve understanding of aerosol composition and surface properties, as well as their impact on heterogeneous and multiphase reactions involving aerosol surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Tirella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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30
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Craig RL, Peterson PK, Nandy L, Lei Z, Hossain MA, Camarena S, Dodson RA, Cook RD, Dutcher CS, Ault AP. Direct Determination of Aerosol pH: Size-Resolved Measurements of Submicrometer and Supermicrometer Aqueous Particles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11232-11239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Nandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cari S. Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Hartman T, Wondergem CS, Weckhuysen BM. Practical Guidelines for Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2461-2467. [PMID: 29971926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) has proven to be a useful characterization tool for heterogeneous catalysis research. The advantage of SHINERS lies in studying surface reactions on solid catalysts, including the detection of reactants, intermediates and products, in real time. However, due to the extremely strong local electric fields, minor amounts of contaminants can already have a big impact on the quality and interpretation of the spectroscopic data obtained. Often, a large part of the organic fingerprint region (1100-1700 cm-1 ) is omitted from SHINER spectra as this is not the main region of interest. However, we show that bands in this region are an important indication of the cleanliness of the substrate. In this work, we propose robust synthesis and measurement protocols to obtain clean SHINERS substrates amenable for catalysis research. By cleaning the substrates with various heat and oxidation treatments, featureless Raman spectra can be obtained. Furthermore, very pure gas feeds are required and must be obtained by flushing the gas lines and the reaction chamber beforehand and installing a filter for further cleaning the gas feed. Controlling the laser power to limit substrate and sample degradation is also a crucial aspect of proper measurement protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartman
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, (The Netherlands)
| | - Caterina S Wondergem
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, (The Netherlands)
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, (The Netherlands)
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32
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Wei H, Vejerano EP, Leng W, Huang Q, Willner MR, Marr LC, Vikesland PJ. Aerosol microdroplets exhibit a stable pH gradient. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7272-7277. [PMID: 29941550 PMCID: PMC6048471 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720488115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended aqueous aerosol droplets (<50 µm) are microreactors for many important atmospheric reactions. In droplets and other aquatic environments, pH is arguably the key parameter dictating chemical and biological processes. The nature of the droplet air/water interface has the potential to significantly alter droplet pH relative to bulk water. Historically, it has been challenging to measure the pH of individual droplets because of their inaccessibility to conventional pH probes. In this study, we scanned droplets containing 4-mercaptobenzoic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle pH nanoprobes by 2D and 3D laser confocal Raman microscopy. Using surface-enhanced Raman scattering, we acquired the pH distribution inside approximately 20-µm-diameter phosphate-buffered aerosol droplets and found that the pH in the core of a droplet is higher than that of bulk solution by up to 3.6 pH units. This finding suggests the accumulation of protons at the air/water interface and is consistent with recent thermodynamic model results. The existence of this pH shift was corroborated by the observation that a catalytic reaction that occurs only under basic conditions (i.e., dimerization of 4-aminothiophenol to produce dimercaptoazobenzene) occurs within the high pH core of a droplet, but not in bulk solution. Our nanoparticle probe enables pH quantification through the cross-section of an aerosol droplet, revealing a spatial gradient that has implications for acid-base-catalyzed atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Eric P Vejerano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Weinan Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Qishen Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Marjorie R Willner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
- Sustainable Nanotechnology Center, Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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33
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Zheng L, Kulkarni P, Birch ME, Ashley K, Wei S. Analysis of Crystalline Silica Aerosol Using Portable Raman Spectrometry: Feasibility of Near Real-Time Measurement. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6229-6239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zheng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
| | - Pramod Kulkarni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
| | - M. Eileen Birch
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
| | - Kevin Ashley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
| | - Shijun Wei
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
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34
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Bondy AL, Craig RL, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Isoprene-Derived Organosulfates: Vibrational Mode Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy, Acidity-Dependent Spectral Modes, and Observation in Individual Atmospheric Particles. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:303-315. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Bondy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Rebecca L. Craig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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35
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Haddrell AE, Thomas RJ. Aerobiology: Experimental Considerations, Observations, and Future Tools. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00809-17. [PMID: 28667111 PMCID: PMC5561278 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00809-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding airborne survival and decay of microorganisms is important for a range of public health and biodefense applications, including epidemiological and risk analysis modeling. Techniques for experimental aerosol generation, retention in the aerosol phase, and sampling require careful consideration and understanding so that they are representative of the conditions the bioaerosol would experience in the environment. This review explores the current understanding of atmospheric transport in relation to advances and limitations of aerosol generation, maintenance in the aerosol phase, and sampling techniques. Potential tools for the future are examined at the interface between atmospheric chemistry, aerosol physics, and molecular microbiology where the heterogeneity and variability of aerosols can be explored at the single-droplet and single-microorganism levels within a bioaerosol. The review highlights the importance of method comparison and validation in bioaerosol research and the benefits that the application of novel techniques could bring to increasing the understanding of aerobiological phenomena in diverse research fields, particularly during the progression of atmospheric transport, where complex interdependent physicochemical and biological processes occur within bioaerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen E Haddrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Thomas
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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36
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Bondy AL, Kirpes RM, Merzel RL, Pratt KA, Banaszak Holl MM, Ault AP. Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles: Subdiffraction Limit Vibrational Spectroscopy and Morphological Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8594-8598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Bondy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Kirpes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel L. Merzel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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37
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Craig RL, Nandy L, Axson JL, Dutcher CS, Ault AP. Spectroscopic Determination of Aerosol pH from Acid–Base Equilibria in Inorganic, Organic, and Mixed Systems. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5690-5699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Nandy
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Cari S. Dutcher
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Fu Y, Kuppe C, Valev VK, Fu H, Zhang L, Chen J. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Facile and Rapid Method for the Chemical Component Study of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6260-6267. [PMID: 28498657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for detecting chemical components of individual aerosol particles on Klarite substrate with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is described. For both single simulated aerosol particles and ambient atmospheric particles, this new analytical method promotes the enhancement factor of the Raman signal. The spectra of ammonium sulfate and naphthalene particles at the microscopic level are enhanced by a factor of 6 and therefore greatly improve the detection of the chemical composition of an individual aerosol particle. When aerosol particles are found over a microscopic domain, a set of Raman spectra with chemical information can be obtained via SERS mapping. The maps illustrate the distribution of organic or inorganic species on the SERS substrate. This constitutes a facile and rapid method to study aerosol particles. This new method allows the analysis of chemical composition in single aerosol particles, demonstrating the power of SERS to probe the ambient atmospheric particles and to study the formation of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Ault AP, Axson JL. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances. Anal Chem 2016; 89:430-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Ofner J, Deckert-Gaudig T, Kamilli KA, Held A, Lohninger H, Deckert V, Lendl B. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Atmospherically Relevant Aerosol Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9766-9772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ofner
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina A. Kamilli
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Held
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans Lohninger
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Laskin A, Gilles MK, Knopf DA, Wang B, China S. Progress in the Analysis of Complex Atmospheric Particles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:117-43. [PMID: 27306308 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of recent advances in field and laboratory studies of atmospheric particles formed in processes of environmental air-surface interactions. The overarching goal of these studies is to advance predictive understanding of atmospheric particle composition, particle chemistry during aging, and their environmental impacts. The diversity between chemical constituents and lateral heterogeneity within individual particles adds to the chemical complexity of particles and their surfaces. Once emitted, particles undergo transformation via atmospheric aging processes that further modify their complex composition. We highlight a range of modern analytical approaches that enable multimodal chemical characterization of particles with both molecular and lateral specificity. When combined, these approaches provide a comprehensive arsenal of tools for understanding the nature of particles at air-surface interactions and their reactivity and transformations with atmospheric aging. We discuss applications of these novel approaches in recent studies and highlight additional research areas to explore the environmental effects of air-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
| | - Mary K Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Daniel A Knopf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
| | - Swarup China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
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