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Zhang K, Xi J, Wang Y, Xue J, Li B, Huang Z, Zheng Z, Liang N, Wei Z. A Microfluidic Chip-Based Automated System for Whole-Course Monitoring the Drug Responses of Organoids. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10092-10101. [PMID: 38833634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor patients-derived organoids, as a promising preclinical prediction model, have been utilized to evaluate ex vivo drug responses for formulating optimal therapeutic strategies. Detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been widely used in existing organoid-based drug response tests. However, all commercial ATP detection kits containing the cell lysis procedure can only be applied for single time point ATP detection, resulting in the neglect of dynamic ATP variations in living cells. Meanwhile, due to the limited number of viable organoids from a single patient, it is impractical to exhaustively test all potential time points in search of optimal ones. In this work, a multifunctional microfluidic chip was developed to perform all procedures of organoid-based drug response tests, including establishment, culturing, drug treatment, and ATP monitoring of organoids. An ATP sensor was developed to facilitate the first successful attempt on whole-course monitoring the growth status of fragile organoids. To realize a clinically applicable automatic system for the drug testing of lung cancer, a microfluidic chip based automated system was developed to perform entire organoid-based drug response test, bridging the gap between laboratorial manipulation and clinical practices, as it outperformed previous methods by improving data repeatability, eliminating human error/sample loss, and more importantly, providing a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiyu Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianchao Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zewen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Spitz S, Schobesberger S, Brandauer K, Ertl P. Sensor-integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Improving the predictive validity in neurodegenerative research. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10604. [PMID: 38818126 PMCID: PMC11135156 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Affecting millions of individuals worldwide, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose a significant and growing health concern in people over the age of 60 years. Contributing to this trend are the steady increase in the aging population coupled with a persistent lack of disease-altering treatment strategies targeting NDDs. The absence of efficient therapeutics can be attributed to high failure rates in clinical trials and the ineptness of animal models in preceding preclinical studies. To that end, in recent years, significant research effort has been dedicated to the development of human cell-based preclinical disease models characterized by a higher degree of predictive validity. However, a key requirement of any in vitro model constitutes the precise knowledge and replication of the target tissues' (patho-)physiological microenvironment. Herein, microphysiological systems have demonstrated superiority over conventional static 2D/3D in vitro cell culture systems, as they allow for the emulation and continuous monitoring of the onset, progression, and remission of disease-associated phenotypes. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the field of NDD research using organ-on-a-chip platforms. Specific focus is directed toward non-invasive sensing strategies encompassing electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors. Additionally, promising on- and integrable off-chip sensing strategies targeting key analytes in NDDs will be presented and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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3
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Lee J, Maji S, Lee H. Fabrication and integration of a low-cost 3D printing-based glucose biosensor for bioprinted liver-on-a-chip. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300154. [PMID: 37632204 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of more physiologically relevant organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems that can mimic tissue microenvironments. Despite the advantages of these microphysiological systems, such as portability, ability to mimic physiological flow conditions, and reduction of the number of reagents required for preparation and detection, they lack real-time analyte detection with high accuracy. To address this limitation, biosensor technologies have been integrated with OOC systems to facilitate simultaneous analysis of different analytes with a single device. However, the integration of biosensors with OOC systems is challenging because of the competing demands of low-cost, simple fabrication processes and speed. In this study, we fabricate a glucose-sensing device and integrate it with a liver-on-a-chip (LOC) platform. A carbon black-polylactic acid-based three-electrode system was printed using fused deposit molding 3D printing technology to simplify the fabrication process. The sensitivity of the fabricated glucose biosensing device was enhanced by coating the electrodes with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A biosensing integration study performed using a perfusion-based LOC demonstrated the stability, biocompatibility, and sensitivity of the proposed glucose sensing device. Furthermore, drug-toxicity studies conducted using the LOC platform demonstrated the ability of the device to detect a broad range of glucose concentrations and its enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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4
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Azimzadeh M, Khashayar P, Amereh M, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M, Akbari M. Microfluidic-Based Oxygen (O 2) Sensors for On-Chip Monitoring of Cell, Tissue and Organ Metabolism. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:bios12010006. [PMID: 35049634 PMCID: PMC8774018 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) quantification is essential for assessing cell metabolism, and its consumption in cell culture is an important indicator of cell viability. Recent advances in microfluidics have made O2 sensing a crucial feature for organ-on-chip (OOC) devices for various biomedical applications. OOC O2 sensors can be categorized, based on their transducer type, into two main groups, optical and electrochemical. In this review, we provide an overview of on-chip O2 sensors integrated with the OOC devices and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Recent innovations in optical O2 sensors integrated with OOCs are discussed in four main categories: (i) basic luminescence-based sensors; (ii) microparticle-based sensors; (iii) nano-enabled sensors; and (iv) commercial probes and portable devices. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in electrochemical sensors in five main categories: (i) novel configurations in Clark-type sensors; (ii) novel materials (e.g., polymers, O2 scavenging and passivation materials); (iii) nano-enabled electrochemical sensors; (iv) novel designs and fabrication techniques; and (v) commercial and portable electrochemical readouts. Together, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current advances in the design, fabrication and application of optical and electrochemical O2 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89195-999, Iran;
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89195-999, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89165-887, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9050 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Meitham Amereh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.A.)
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5
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Miller DR, McClain ES, Dodds JN, Balinski A, May JC, McLean JA, Cliffel DE. Chlorpyrifos Disrupts Acetylcholine Metabolism Across Model Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:622175. [PMID: 34513802 PMCID: PMC8431803 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.622175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in both scientific understanding and regulations, the safety of agricultural pesticides continues to be called into question. The need for complementary analytics to identify dysregulation events associated with chemical exposure and leverage this information to predict biological responses remains. Here, we present a platform that combines a model organ-on-chip neurovascular unit (NVU) with targeted mass spectrometry (MS) and electrochemical analysis to assess the impact of organophosphate (OP) exposure on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Using the NVU to simulate exposure, an escalating dose of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (CPF) was administered. With up to 10 μM, neither CPF nor its metabolites were detected across the BBB (limit of quantitation 0.1 µM). At 30 µM CPF and above, targeted MS detected the main urinary metabolite, trichloropyridinol (TCP), across the BBB (0.025 µM) and no other metabolites. In the vascular chamber where CPF was directly applied, two primary metabolites of CPF, TCP and diethylthiophosphate (DETP), were both detected (0.1–5.7 µM). In a second experiment, a constant dose of 10 µM CPF was administered to the NVU, and though neither CPF nor its metabolites were detected across the BBB after 24 h, electrochemical analysis detected increases in acetylcholine levels on both sides of the BBB (up to 24.8 ± 3.4 µM) and these levels remained high over the course of treatment. In the vascular chamber where CPF was directly applied, only TCP was detected (ranging from 0.06 μM at 2 h to 0.19 μM at 24 h). These results provide chemical evidence of the substantial disruption induced by this widely used commercial pesticide. This work reinforces previously observed OP metabolism and mechanisms of impact, validates the use of the NVU for OP toxicology testing, and provides a model platform for analyzing these organotypic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusty R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ethan S McClain
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrzej Balinski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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6
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Miller DR, Schaffer DK, Neely MD, McClain ES, Travis AR, Block FE, Mckenzie J, Werner EM, Armstrong L, Markov DA, Bowman AB, Ess KC, Cliffel DE, Wikswo JP. A bistable, multiport valve enables microformulators creating microclinical analyzers that reveal aberrant glutamate metabolism in astrocytes derived from a tuberous sclerosis patient. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 341:129972. [PMID: 34092923 PMCID: PMC8174775 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for valves and pumps that operate at the microscale with precision and accuracy, are versatile in their application, and are easily fabricated. To that end, we developed a new rotary planar multiport valve to faithfully select solutions (contamination = 5.22 ± 0.06 ppb) and a rotary planar peristaltic pump to precisely control fluid delivery (flow rate = 2.4 ± 1.7 to 890 ± 77 μL/min). Both the valve and pump were implemented in a planar format amenable to single-layer soft lithographic fabrication. These planar microfluidics were actuated by a rotary motor controlled remotely by custom software. Together, these two devices constitute an innovative microformulator that was used to prepare precise, high-fidelity mixtures of up to five solutions (deviation from prescribed mixture = ±|0.02 ± 0.02| %). This system weighed less than a kilogram, occupied around 500 cm3, and generated pressures of 255 ± 47 kPa. This microformulator was then combined with an electrochemical sensor creating a microclinical analyzer (μCA) for detecting glutamate in real time. Using the chamber of the μCA as an in-line bioreactor, we compared glutamate homeostasis in human astrocytes differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a control subject (CC-3) and a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) patient carrying a pathogenic TSC2 mutation. When challenged with glutamate, TSC astrocytes took up less glutamate than control cells. These data validate the analytical power of the μCA and the utility of the microformulator by leveraging it to assess disease-related alterations in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusty R. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - David K. Schaffer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - M. Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - Ethan S. McClain
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Adam R. Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Frank E. Block
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Mckenzie
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Erik M. Werner
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Laura Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - Dmitry A. Markov
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
| | - John P. Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A
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7
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Khalil NN, McCain ML. Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment of Post-infarct Myocardium on a Chip. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709871. [PMID: 34336962 PMCID: PMC8316619 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions are one of the most common forms of cardiac injury and death worldwide. Infarctions cause immediate necrosis in a localized region of the myocardium, which is followed by a repair process with inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. This repair process culminates in the formation of scar tissue, which often leads to heart failure in the months or years after the initial injury. In each reparative phase, the infarct microenvironment is characterized by distinct biochemical, physical, and mechanical features, such as inflammatory cytokine production, localized hypoxia, and tissue stiffening, which likely each contribute to physiological and pathological tissue remodeling by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Traditionally, simplified two-dimensional cell culture systems or animal models have been implemented to elucidate basic pathophysiological mechanisms or predict drug responses following myocardial infarction. However, these conventional approaches offer limited spatiotemporal control over relevant features of the post-infarct cellular microenvironment. To address these gaps, Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium have recently emerged as new paradigms for dissecting the highly complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic post-infarct microenvironment. In this review, we describe recent Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium, including their limitations and future opportunities in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N Khalil
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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8
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Fuchs S, Johansson S, Tjell AØ, Werr G, Mayr T, Tenje M. In-Line Analysis of Organ-on-Chip Systems with Sensors: Integration, Fabrication, Challenges, and Potential. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2926-2948. [PMID: 34133114 PMCID: PMC8278381 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip systems are promising new in vitro research tools in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Their main benefit, compared to standard cell culture platforms, lies in the improved in vivo resemblance of the cell culture environment. A critical aspect of these systems is the ability to monitor both the cell culture conditions and biological responses of the cultured cells, such as proliferation and differentiation rates, release of signaling molecules, and metabolic activity. Today, this is mostly done using microscopy techniques and off-chip analytical techniques and assays. Integrating in situ analysis methods on-chip enables improved time resolution, continuous measurements, and a faster read-out; hence, more information can be obtained from the developed organ and disease models. Integrated electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors have been developed and used for chemical analysis in lab-on-a-chip systems for many years, and recently some of these sensing principles have started to find use in organ-on-chip systems as well. This perspective review describes the basic sensing principles, sensor fabrication, and sensor integration in organ-on-chip systems. The review also presents the current state of the art of integrated sensors and discusses future potential. We bring a technological perspective, with the aim of introducing in-line sensing and its promise to advance organ-on-chip systems and the challenges that lie in the integration to researchers without expertise in sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fuchs
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Ø. Tjell
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Werr
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Tenje
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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10
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Yi N, Cui H, Zhang LG, Cheng H. Integration of biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:91-111. [PMID: 31004844 PMCID: PMC6710161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems continuously interact with the surrounding environment because they are dynamically evolving. The interaction is achieved through mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological, thermal, optical, or a synergistic combination of these cues. To provide a fundamental understanding of the interaction, recent efforts that integrate biological systems with the electronic-mechanical assemblies create unique opportunities for simultaneous monitoring and eliciting the responses to the biological system. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the recent development on the integration of the biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies across multiple scales, with applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to therapeutic options such as drug delivery and rehabilitation therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An overview of the recent progress on the integration of the biological system with both electronic and mechanical assemblies is discussed. The integration creates the unique opportunity to simultaneously monitor and elicit the responses to the biological system, which provides a fundamental understanding of the interaction between the biological system and the electronic-mechanical assemblies. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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11
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Chan LCZ, Khalili Moghaddam G, Wang Z, Lowe CR. Miniaturized pH Holographic Sensors for the Monitoring of Lactobacillus casei Shirota Growth in a Microfluidic Chip. ACS Sens 2019; 4:456-463. [PMID: 30644723 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors have been used both to develop new, and to improve bioprocess yields for, biopharmaceutical products. However, efforts to miniaturize bioreactors, in order to save costs and accelerate process development times, have been limited by the lack of on-site monitoring capabilities available at such scales. In this study, small volume (3 nL) nonconsumptive holographic sensors were integrated into a glass-PDMS microfluidic chip to monitor via a blue-shift in the resultant holographic replay wavelength, the change in pH during microbial growth of Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei) Shirota. Within the optimal growth pH range of L. casei, the accuracy of the miniaturized pH sensors was comparable to that of a conventional pH meter. Conceivably, this approach could be extrapolated to an array of miniaturized holographic sensors sensitive to different analytes, and thereby paving the way for reliable, real-time, noninvasive monitoring of microorganisms in a nanobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C. Z. Chan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Gita Khalili Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Christopher R. Lowe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
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12
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Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Moya A, Ortega-Ribera M, Guimerà X, Sowade E, Zea M, Illa X, Ramon E, Villa R, Gracia-Sancho J, Gabriel G. Online oxygen monitoring using integrated inkjet-printed sensors in a liver-on-a-chip system. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2023-2035. [PMID: 29892739 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The demand for real-time monitoring of cell functions and cell conditions has dramatically increased with the emergence of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems. However, the incorporation of co-cultures and microfluidic channels in OOC systems increases their biological complexity and therefore makes the analysis and monitoring of analytical parameters inside the device more difficult. In this work, we present an approach to integrate multiple sensors in an extremely thin, porous and delicate membrane inside a liver-on-a-chip device. Specifically, three electrochemical dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors were inkjet-printed along the microfluidic channel allowing local online monitoring of oxygen concentrations. This approach demonstrates the existence of an oxygen gradient up to 17.5% for rat hepatocytes and 32.5% for human hepatocytes along the bottom channel. Such gradients are considered crucial for the appearance of zonation of the liver. Inkjet printing (IJP) was the selected technology as it allows drop on demand material deposition compatible with delicate substrates, as used in this study, which cannot withstand temperatures higher than 130 °C. For the deposition of uniform gold and silver conductive inks on the porous membrane, a primer layer using SU-8 dielectric material was used to seal the porosity of the membrane at defined areas, with the aim of building a uniform sensor device. As a proof-of-concept, experiments with cell cultures of primary human and rat hepatocytes were performed, and oxygen consumption rate was stimulated with carbonyl-cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), accelerating the basal respiration of 0.23 ± 0.07 nmol s-1/106 cells up to 5.95 ± 0.67 nmol s-1/106 cells s for rat cells and the basal respiration of 0.17 ± 0.10 nmol s-1/106 cells by up to 10.62 ± 1.15 nmol s-1/106 cells for human cells, with higher oxygen consumption of the cells seeded at the outflow zone. These results demonstrate that the approach of printing sensors inside an OOC has tremendous potential because IJP is a feasible technique for the integration of different sensors for evaluating metabolic activity of cells, and overcomes one of the major challenges still remaining on how to tap the full potential of OOC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moya
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Kieninger J, Weltin A, Flamm H, Urban GA. Microsensor systems for cell metabolism - from 2D culture to organ-on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1274-1291. [PMID: 29619452 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microsensor systems for cell metabolism are essential tools for investigation and standardization in cell culture. Electrochemical and optical read-out schemes dominate, which enable the marker-free, continuous, online recording of transient effects and deliver information beyond microscopy and end-point tests. There has been much progress in microfluidics and microsensors, but the translation of both into standard cell culture procedures is still limited. Within this critical review, we discuss different cell culture formats ranging from standard culture vessels to dedicated microfluidic platforms. Key aspects are the appropriate supply of cells, mass transport of metabolites to the sensors and generation of stimuli. Microfluidics enable the transition from static to dynamic conditions in culture and measurement. We illustrate the parameters oxygen (respiration), pH (acidification), glucose and lactate (energy metabolism) as well as short-lived reactive species (ROS/RNS) from the perspective of microsensor integration in 2D and 3D cell culture. We discuss different sensor principles and types, along with their limitations, microfabrication technologies and materials. The state-of-the-art of microsensor platforms for cell culture is discussed with respect to sensor performance, the number of parameters and timescale of application. That includes the advances from 2D culture to the increasingly important 3D approaches, with specific requirements for organotypic microtissues, spheroids and solid matrix cultures. We conclude on the current progress, potential, benefits and limitations of cell culture monitoring systems from monolayer culture to organ-on-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kieninger
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Ienaga T, Okada S, Nakahara Y, Watanabe M, Tamai T, Yajima S, Kimura K. Comparison of Physical Adsorption Strength of Protective Agents via Ligand Exchange of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation on Running Oil Substrate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ienaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Soichiro Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Morinomiya Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553
| | - Toshiyuki Tamai
- Morinomiya Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553
| | - Setsuko Yajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
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16
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Davis AN, Travis AR, Miller DR, Cliffel DE. Multianalyte Physiological Microanalytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:93-111. [PMID: 28605606 PMCID: PMC9235322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in scientific instrumentation have allowed experimentalists to evaluate well-known systems in new ways and to gain insight into previously unexplored or poorly understood phenomena. Within the growing field of multianalyte physiometry (MAP), microphysiometers are being developed that are capable of electrochemically measuring changes in the concentration of various metabolites in real time. By simultaneously quantifying multiple analytes, these devices have begun to unravel the complex pathways that govern biological responses to ischemia and oxidative stress while contributing to basic scientific discoveries in bioenergetics and neurology. Patients and clinicians have also benefited from the highly translational nature of MAP, and the continued expansion of the repertoire of analytes that can be measured with multianalyte microphysiometers will undoubtedly play a role in the automation and personalization of medicine. This is perhaps most evident with the recent advent of fully integrated noninvasive sensor arrays that can continuously monitor changes in analytes linked to specific disease states and deliver a therapeutic agent as required without the need for patient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nix Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Adam R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Dusty R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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17
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Zhang YS, Aleman J, Shin SR, Kilic T, Kim D, Mousavi Shaegh SA, Massa S, Riahi R, Chae S, Hu N, Avci H, Zhang W, Silvestri A, Sanati Nezhad A, Manbohi A, De Ferrari F, Polini A, Calzone G, Shaikh N, Alerasool P, Budina E, Kang J, Bhise N, Ribas J, Pourmand A, Skardal A, Shupe T, Bishop CE, Dokmeci MR, Atala A, Khademhosseini A. Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2293-E2302. [PMID: 28265064 PMCID: PMC5373350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612906114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized microfluidic 3D human tissue and organ models designed to recapitulate the important biological and physiological parameters of their in vivo counterparts. They have recently emerged as a viable platform for personalized medicine and drug screening. These in vitro models, featuring biomimetic compositions, architectures, and functions, are expected to replace the conventional planar, static cell cultures and bridge the gap between the currently used preclinical animal models and the human body. Multiple organoid models may be further connected together through the microfluidics in a similar manner in which they are arranged in vivo, providing the capability to analyze multiorgan interactions. Although a wide variety of human organ-on-a-chip models have been created, there are limited efforts on the integration of multisensor systems. However, in situ continual measuring is critical in precise assessment of the microenvironment parameters and the dynamic responses of the organs to pharmaceutical compounds over extended periods of time. In addition, automated and noninvasive capability is strongly desired for long-term monitoring. Here, we report a fully integrated modular physical, biochemical, and optical sensing platform through a fluidics-routing breadboard, which operates organ-on-a-chip units in a continual, dynamic, and automated manner. We believe that this platform technology has paved a potential avenue to promote the performance of current organ-on-a-chip models in drug screening by integrating a multitude of real-time sensors to achieve automated in situ monitoring of biophysical and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139;
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tugba Kilic
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Duckjin Kim
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176699199, Iran
| | - Solange Massa
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Graduate School Program in Biomedicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Reza Riahi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sukyoung Chae
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ning Hu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26030, Turkey
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidics Laboratory, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ahmad Manbohi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Marine Science, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Fabio De Ferrari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Giovanni Calzone
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Noor Shaikh
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Division of Engineering Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A4
| | - Parissa Alerasool
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Erica Budina
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jian Kang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Nupura Bhise
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Adel Pourmand
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 5331711111, Iran
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139;
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Karami P, Majidi MR, Johari-Ahar M, Barar J, Omidi Y. Development of screen-printed tryptophan-kynurenine immunosensor for in vitro assay of kynurenine-mediated immunosuppression effect of cancer cells on activated T-cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 92:287-293. [PMID: 27840038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods that respond to the emerging need to perform rapid 'in situ' analyses of human metabolic pathways (HMPs) demonstrates disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) as an alternative to the traditional tools. In the kynurenine pathway, one of the important HMPs, increased production of kynurenine (Kyn) as a main catabolite of tryptophan (Trp) degradation is involved in the immuno-editing process supporting cancer cells in escaping from the human immune system. In the current study, we demonstrate the development of a screen-printed potentiometric immunosensor for in vitro evaluation of Trp consumption and Kyn production controlled by cancer cells in response to the activated T-lymphocytes. To engineer this immunosensor, uniform layer of carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was deposited on gold screen-printed electrode (AuSPE), and afterwards monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to l-kynurenine was covalently conjugated with the MWCNT modified AuSPE. The engineered immunosensor was examined in monitoring Trp consumption and Kyn production in metastatic (Calu-6, NCI-H1299, and HT29) and nonmetastatic (HepG2 and 1321NI) cancer cell lines. Without applying preparation and separation steps, this Trp-Kyn immunosensor offers an improved limit of detection (0.5nM and 120nM for Kyn and Trp detection, respectively) and a broad linear range of detection (LRD: 0.001-1µM and 1-100µM for Kyn, and 0.1-300µM for Trp detection). However, this immunosensor was successfully used for in situ analysis of Kyn that are produced during immuno-editing process in cell culture media, and could reveal that Trp consumption and Kyn production by highly metastatic cancer cells (HT29) were significantly higher than nonmetastatic HepG2 cancer cells. Owing to the screen-printed nature, such kind of biosensors have capability of being integrated into lab-on-a-chip (LOC), microfluidics, and micro total analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Karami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty of Tabriz University, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty of Tabriz University, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ArUMS), Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Hutson MS, Alexander PG, Allwardt V, Aronoff DM, Bruner-Tran KL, Cliffel DE, Davidson JM, Gough A, Markov DA, McCawley LJ, McKenzie JR, McLean JA, Osteen KG, Pensabene V, Samson PC, Senutovitch NK, Sherrod SD, Shotwell MS, Taylor DL, Tetz LM, Tuan RS, Vernetti LA, Wikswo JP. Organs-on-Chips as Bridges for Predictive Toxicology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shane Hutson
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vanessa Allwardt
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey M. Davidson
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Albert Gough
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dmitry A. Markov
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa J. McCawley
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer R. McKenzie
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John A. McLean
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Virginia Pensabene
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip C. Samson
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nina K. Senutovitch
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew S. Shotwell
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren M. Tetz
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Military Medicine Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence A. Vernetti
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John P. Wikswo
- Vanderbilt-Pittsburgh Resource for Organotypic Models for Predictive Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research & Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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